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fo? 



A HISTORY 



OF 



HAVERFORD COLLEGE 



A 



History 



/ 



OF 



Haverford College 



FOR THE 



FIRST SIXTY YEARS 



OF ITS EXISTENCE 



Prepared by a Committee of the Alumni Association 




Philadelphia 

PORTER & COATES 

1892 




Copyright, 1892, 

BY 

PORTER & COATES. 



>> 






HISTORY OF THIS HISTORY. 

To Him be the glory forever ! we bear 

To the Lord of the harvest our wheat with the tare ; 

What we lack in our work may He find in our will, 

And winnow in mercy our good from the ill. — Whittier. 

In the year 1877 the Alumni Association of Haverford 
College adopted a resolution providing for the appointment 
of a committee of five members, ''with full power to procure 
the preparation and publication of a descriptive and illus- 
trated history of the College from its beginning as a School 
to the present time, as speedily as practicable." This com- 
mittee consisted of Benjamin V. Marsh, Charles E. Pratt, 
Charles Roberts, Francis B. Gummere and Howard Com- 
fort. They set to work in earnest, held frequent meetings 
and accumulated much valuable material ; they asked a 
graduate of the College to undertake the work of editing, 
and obtained his consent. A visit to Europe in pursuit of 
health compelled the latter to abandon the work when 
very little had been actually written ; and the committee, 
in their report to the Alumni in the following year, " doubt 
whether enough suitable material can be obtained to make 
a volume of much size," and ask to be discharged. They 
were, however, continued, nine other names added to the 
committee, and the editorship was in that year placed in 
the hands of another Alumnus, who "kindly undertook 
the labor of compiling the work." It is not needful to re- 
count the various reports of this committee, and their 
disappointment, after several years' promises, at find- 

(5) 



6 HISTORY OF HAVER FORD COLLEGE. 

ing tliat little or nothing had really been accomplished. 
Suffice it to sa}^ that in 1884 the intention was abandoned 
and the committee discharged. In 1888 the project 
was revived, and the undersigned was asked by the 
Alumni to undertake the preparation of a history. The 
invitation was accepted on condition that he was permitted 
to appoint an associate committee of such persons as he 
might designate to assist him. This proposition having been 
acceded to, the following Alumni were named on this com- 
mittee, to wit: Dr. Henry Hartshorne, class of '39; Dr. 
James J. Levick, of '42 ; Richard Wood, of '51 ; James Wood, 
Honorary A.M.; Henry T. Coates, of '62; Charles Roberts, of 
'64; Allen C. Thomas, of '65; Howard Comfort, of '70; Fran- 
cis B. Gummere, of '72; John G. Bullock, of '74; Seth K. 
Gilford, of '76; John C. Winston, of '81; George Vaux, Jr., 
of '84 ; and Charles H. Burr, Jr., of '89. These gentlemen 
all took hold of the work with such zeal and industry, every 
one of them actively participating, that each one is entitled 
to his share of the editorial credit as fully as the Editor. 
Howard Comfort, who had been very active in obtaining 
materials in 1877-8, acted as Assistant or Vice-Editor, and 
John C. Winston as Secretary, while Allen C. Thomas wrote 
up the Library, and Charles H, Burr, Jr., Athletic Sports, To 
each of the others was assigned a period in the narrative — 
the Editor, an Introduction and the first three j^ears of the 
History ; Dr. Hartshorne, the period from 1834 to '39 ; Dr. 
Levick, 1839 to '46; Richard Wood, '46 to '52; James Wood, 
'52 to '56; Henry T. Coates, '56 to '60; Charles Roberts, 
'60 to '(;4; Francis B. Gummere, '64 to '72; Seth K. Gif- 
ford, '72 to '76 ; John C. Winston, '76 to '81 ; and George 
Vaux, Jr., '81 to '90. James Wood also undertook an in- 
troductory chapter on Education in the Society of Friends 



HISTORY OF THIS HISTORY. 7 

prior to the founding of Haverford. We are further in- 
debted to many persons outside of the committee for valu- 
able materials, and, especially, to President Sharpless for 
a statement of the present condition of the College, and 
to Professor W. S. Hall for a History of the Scientific De- 
partments, which latter has been incorporated, like the 
paper on Athletic Sports by Charles H. Burr, Jr., and one 
by Howard Comfort on the Alumni Association, in the 
general narrative. Professor Hall also supplied the de- 
scription of the Museum and Apparatus. John G. Bul- 
lock, of the class of '74, kindly and most efficiently un- 
dertook the illustration of the book, and Porter & Coates 
its gratuitous publication. Acknowledgments are due to 
Marriott C. Morris, class of '85, and to Franklin B, Kirk- 
bride, class of '89, for photographs, and to John Thomson 
for compilation of the Index. 

This description of the allotment of the labor will be 
found necessary to account for the singular diversity of 
style, treatment and length of the different chapters, which, 
while constituting a defect inseparable from the plan 
adopted, may also lay claim to the merit of affording a 
pleasing variet}'^ in the writing. At the same time, the 
Editor having necessarily been given a carte blanche to 
modify the papers submitted, it may be that their style has 
been marred in the editing, and cannot fairly be attributed 
entirely to the imputed authors. But while that function- 
ary has endeavored to a certain extent to minimize the 
diversity of style and to harmonize the whole, it must be 
candidly admitted that it was found a very difficult if not 
an impossible task. Omissions had to be supplied, exces- 
sive notices of prominent characters cut down, overlap- 
pings, and in some cases errors, corrected ; short papers 



5 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

lengthened and long jDapers shortened, on his Procrustean 
bed. Of course, there are inequalities that cannot be 
smoothed out by editing — some writers viewing the subject 
from one point of view, and some from another; one being 
statistical, another sentimental; one jovial, another grave; 
one redundant and another brief. It could not be other- 
wise than that a " crazy-quilt '' book thus patched together 
must somewhat lack homogeneity. For this, and whatever 
other defects may be discovered, and the many which we 
hope may be undiscovered, we can only crave the indul- 
gence of our readers. The narrative covers but sixty years ; 
but they were years of struggle and development that may 
not be surpassed in interest by any which follow them. 

Philip C. Garrett, Editor. 



PROEM. 

Men who love their Horace all know, by heart, the 
seventh ode of the fourth book ; and every one loves his 
Horace who has studied it under President Chase. So that 
when your old Haverfordian glances at the latest catalogue 
and meets so many names unknown or unexpected, it is 
inevitable that he repeat certain lines of the poet who has 
made melancholy a luxury : 

Damnu tamen celeres reparent cselestia lunse ; 

Nos, ubi decidimus 
Quo pater J^^neas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, 

Pulvis et umbra sumus. 

We who nearly sixteen years ago looked with awe at the 
names of graduates in the catalogue, simple Freshmen as 
we were — we who felt " the desire of a moth for a star " 
when we saw great King and his fellows of .'69 carry off 
their green-ribboned diploma — we too are gone down where 
father ^neas and the happy Tullus bide — we too are dust 
and shadow ; while your Charter Schools and your Grammar 
Schools in their swift cycles more than repair the losses of 
the heavens where we shone. 

It seems impertinent for us to speak to the fresh and 
ruddy life at our old college, we whose cheeks wear a Styg- 
ian hue. We are now nigh three lustres gone in gradua- 
tion. What do these youngsters want with voices from the 
tomb? Shall we sing them of Elysian fields? They will 
curl the lip at old Dorian men, degenerate enough not to 
have mowed off the asphodel and started a cricket-crease. 

(9) 



10 HISTORY (IF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Nay, is not the name "Dorian" itself pulvis et umbra f Let 
us rather keep a ghostly silence, save for the chance Odys- 
seus who ma}'^ dig the trench and pour the blood and bid 
us unseal our lips. 

Odysseus, meanwhile, does come. But our words can be 
of the past alone — of those days " when the consuls wore 
long beards;" when we called ourselves boys, and Ardmore 
was Athensville; when Litzenberg's was the Pillars of 
Hercules, the city a Fortunate Island, and even Whitehall 
a furtive and perilous pleasure, a place, so the sages among 
us said, where they put a dash of sherry in your oyster- 
stew, though others averred it was but some cunning spice; 
— we have no skill to sing save of that remote time. What 
else could we sing? 

We know not your Haverford of to-day ; a new observa- 
tory, you tell us; new gate-posts "of massive granite," 
cushions in the meeting-house, " four colored men" in the 
dining-room — our Sabine homeliness amid these Persian 
trappings ! Two years ago, at the Great Feast,^ we heard a 
brother cry: "Away with these signs of caterers and such 
un-Roman luxury (truly, this was after he had put aside 
the desire of meat or drink), and give me a half-hour of Jo 
and Amos and Shanghai!" 

Yes, we cling to the old ways, as the prophet Jeremias 
bids us. And why, pray, should not Haverford boys 
glorify the past and make really classic those scenes and 
those days when they tasted the best that life can give? 
Why should not some "scholar-gypsy" haunt for us the 
slopes that stretch westward from tlie old road and the 
meadow? Why should not Black Rocks and the brawling 
current of Mill Creek become for us Homeric? "Some of 



^ See the collation at tlie Jubilee in 1883. 



PROEM. 11 

the expressions (in Clough's delightful epic) come back now 
to my ear with the true Homeric ring," says Arnold in 
graceful tribute to the genius of his friend ; and he gives as 

instance the lines: "Dangerous Corrievreckan 

Where roads are unknown to Loch Nevish." Something 
of this Homeric ring, as of an unsung epic, haunts the old 
Haverfordian's ear when the familiar names come back to 
him. That little stream now, which rises north of the old 
railroad embankment, winds through the narrow arch, 
slowly fills up the skating-pond, and then slips away 
through the wood and meadows to the south, where they 
call it Pont-Reading, vex it with dams, and now and then 
find a cat-fish in it — is it too tiny for the muse? 

Then the heroes and deeds of the consulship of Plancus, 
how fast they are fading into the realm of myth, how well 
they deserve a pious singer! Where are the errant cats 
that haunted the skirts of the grove, and prowled, not un- 
wary of hoarse cry and cadent brick, even to the edge of 
the "area?" 

We could sing a little Iliad of a fence which the Man- 
agers once built about that gruesome brown box called the 
railroad station, and of the gate, beyond which no under- 
graduate was to set his foot. For in the dead of night pro- 
fane hands wrenched that gate from its well-oiled hinges 
and heaved it on a passing freight train. Whither did the 
fates whirl thee, gate? Now, fence and station and the 
firm rails themselves are all vanished from the spot; but 
the Mickies of Kilkenny still filch chestnuts from the great 
tree hard by, just as they did of yore; for, lo, these things 
abide alway. 

We could sing, too, an Odyssey of the wanderings, biba- 
cious or amatory, of thee, great Rooty of the stately lie — lie 
that not four nor four times "four colored men " could con- 



12 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

coct in these degenerate days ! Thee, too, Joseph, brother 
of Rooty — we mind thee too. Oxford bore thee — Oxford in 
pleasant Chester vales — and there some god had given thee 
that grace that neither wasp nor hornet, nor whatsoever 
beareth and useth a sting, could work thee woe — a grace 
that made thee glad in the mowing-field. Where, too, is 
Boll? Alas, men tell that he was lured away of Bacchus, 
and sought the vines of far California, deserting his kin ; 
but all these things lie upon the knees of the gods. 

You, too, Haverfordians that are, will you not sing the 
places and the heroes of to-day? Never mind the essays 
on morals and history and philosophy — the sad, bad world 
is full of them ; they strew our path like burs — but chant 
us the scrapes and the pranks of your mighty ones. And 
then in turn some boy of us will emerge, Orpheus-like, from 
the Hades of graduation, dragging his Eurydice of recol- 
lection after him, and he will sing you legends of the dim 
past ; of the days when we had "bounds" and "deductions" 
and (in senior year) a daily lunch of pie ; of the days when 
Congdon batted and Rose bowled, and King took great 
"extras" in "private."^ 

Such names and such deeds will he sing you, till you 
shall confess that your noontide was not without a flaming 
East to herald your splendor, till you shall look not all in 
scorn upon the men who came before you, and who labored 
in the vineyard when the laborers were few. 

F. B. G., of 72. 
In the Haverfordian for 1885-1886. 



1 The written examination was so called to distinguish it from the old 
public and oral examinations. For a while the custom prevailed of giving 
extra marks, so that with 100 for perfect, a mark like 102 or 104 was now and 
then obtained in a given subject. This was the case about 1869, and probably 
for twenty years previous to that date. 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

History of this History 5 

Proem 9 

I. Introductory — Environment 17 

II. Education in the Society of Friends 36 

III. Genesis, 1830 to 1833 56 

IV. Early Days, 1833 to 1839 103 

V. A Storm Approaches, 1839 to 1846 131 

VI. OvERAVHELMED BY Disaster, 1846 to 1848 160 

VII. The Flood Subsides, 1848 TO 1852 185 

VIII. The Loganian, from the Reopening to 1851 214 

IX. Growth of the College Idea, 1852 to 1856 241 

X. Becomes a College, 1856 to 1860 261 

XI. Civil War Period, 1860 to 1864 295 

XII. Government at Arm's Length, 1864 to 1872 327 

XIII. Government by the Faculty, 1872 to 1876 386 

XIV. Barclay Hall Built, 1876 to 1881 418 

XV. Semi-Centennial, 1881 to 1884 458 

XVI. Beginning of Second Half-Century, 1884 to 1887 .... 496 
XVII. A Visit from Eepublican Royalty— Further Growth 

— Chase Hall and Woodside Cottage, 1887 to 1890 . 558 
XVIII. Societies — College Papers— Library and Museum Col- 
lections • • 594 

XIX. Haverford at Sixty • 636 



APPENDIX. 

List of Students • • ■ ^55 

Members of the Faculty . • 685 

Officers and Managers 688 

Officers of the Alumni Association 693 

Orators, Poets and Prize Winners 694 

(13) 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

The whole-page ilhistrations are indicated thus * 

PAGE 

Alumni Hall* 261 

Arcli, Ruined, of tlie Old Greenhouse . 184 

Barclay Hall- 418 

Entrance 470 

Student's Room in 573 

Bridge over the Old Railroad Bed 198 

Bryn Mawr College, Taylor Hall 451 

Buck Tavern Ill 

Burial Ground, Haverford 271 

CarpenterShop, The, 1838 125 

Castle Br'th, Llewellyn's House ... 21 

Castner's (Whitehall)* 137 

Chase Hall 568 

Childs, George W., Residence of (Wootton) 639 

Classical Recitation-room 343 

College Lawn, View on, near old Railroad Station 586 

Cremation, The Last 556 

Cricket Crease, The* 339 

Drive, Scene on the* 205 

Fishing-pool on Mill Creek 28 6 

Founders' Hall* 327 

Circle in front of 431 

Stone Steps on Terrace 280 

Student's Bedroom in 114 

Gateway, Stone, at Entrance — Lancaster Turnpike* 474 

General Wayne Tavern 213 

Grammar School, Haverford 492 

Greenhouse, Ruined Arch of the Old 184 

Gulf Road, Scene on the 562 

Gummere (Prof.), F. B., Residence of 649 

Hall, Alumni* 261 

(14) 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 15 

PAGE 

Hall, Barclay* 418 

Hall, Chase 568 

Hall, Circle in front of Founders' 431 

Hall, Founders'* 327 

Hall, Taylor— Bryn Mawr College . 451 

Harriton, Residence of Charles Thomson 214 

Haverford Burial Ground . . . . , 271 

Haverford College in 1833* 56 

Haverford College in 1848* 185 

Haverford Grammar School 492 

Haverford Meeting House* • ... 460 

Library, Interior of the* 618 

Lancaster Turnpike — Stone Gateway at Entrance* 474 

Llewellyn's House (Castle Br'th) 21 

Maple Avenue ... 380 

Meeting House, Haverford* 460 

Meeting House, Old Merion 29 

Mill Creek, Fishing-pool on 286 

Old Building near 414 

Scene on • • 79 

Observatories, The . . 252 

Old Merion Meeting House 29 

One of the Shady Haunts of the Students 160 

Paper Mill— Oldest in Pennsylvania 131 

Penn Boundary Stone 17 

Portrait: Brown, Moses 45 

Chase (Prof), Pliny Earle* 526 

Chase (President), Thomas* 576 

Cope, Thomas P 86 

Farnum, John 435 

Fothergill, Dr. John 38 

Griscom, John ^1 

Gummere, John* 103 

Gummere (President), Samuel J.* 396 

Harlan, Joseph G.* 245 

Harris (Prof.), J. Eendel* 524 

Hilles, Samuel 95 

Howland, George ^'' 

Jones, Jacob P.* ^^^ 



16 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 

Portrait: Kimber, Thomas, Jr 305 

Murray, Lindley 42 

Scull, David, Sr.* 496 

Sliarpless (President), Isaac* 530 

Smith, Daniel B.* 63 

Swift, Dr. Paul* 317 

Yarnall, Charles 438 

Quadrangle, The 386 

Radnor, St. David's — tiie Church 34 

Recitation-room, Classical 343 

Residence of Childs, George W. (Wootton) 639 

Gummere (Prof.), F. B 649 

Sharpless (President) ... 406 

Thomas (Prof.), Allen C 612 

Revolutionary Powder Mill, near Wynnewood . 159 

Saint David's, Radnor — the Church 34 

Serpentine, The . . 240 

Sharpless (President), Residence of 406 

Skating Pond 646 

Steps, Stone, on Terrace, Founders' Hall . . 280 

Student's Bedroom in Founders' Hall 114 

Student's Room in Barclay Hall 573 

Tavern, Buck Ill 

Tavern, General Wayne 213 

Taylor Hall — Bryn Mawr College 451 

Telescope, Equatorial* 490 

Thomas (Prof.), Allen C, Residence of 612 

Thomson, Charles, Residence of, Harriton 214 

Whitehall, Castner's* 137 

Wootton, Residence of George W. Childs 639 

Wynnewood, Revolutionary Powder Mill, near 159 

Yarnall's, Ellis, Cottage* 295 



CHAPTER I. 
INTRODUCTORY.— ENVIRONMENT. 

Within the land of Penn, 
The sectary yielded to the citizen, 
And peaceful dwelt the many-creeded men. — Whittier. 




PENN BOUNDARY-STONE. 



Before entering on the histor}' proper, which it is the 
immediate purpose of these pages to narrate, it may not be 
unprofitable to revert to the surroundings of the institution 
to which they refer, and form some conception of the ante- 
natal influences that bear upon our history, as well as, by 
comparison, of the contrast between the state of things over 
half a century ago and in the Year of Grace 1890, when this 
narrative is made. 

The Commonwealth of Penn, the scene of his " holy ex- 
periment," and the city of Penn, named by him Philadelphia 
Brotherly Love, in witness of the same experiment, were most 
potent factors in the evolution of the America of the Nine- 
2 (17) 



18 HISTOKV OF HAVKRFORD COLLEGE. 

teeiitli Century. Indeed, they may be said to be, if not the 
corner-stone, at least one of the chief corner-stones of that 
Temple of Liberty. " The Edinboro' of America," founded 
early in the seventeenth century on Massachusetts Bay, has 
frequently been credited with most that is fundamental, in- 
tellectually, in this country; and that she holds a prominent 
place in literary, if not in all intellectual things, cannot be 
denied. But there was too much that was combative and 
destructive in the early composition of that heroic little 
colony, too much that was stern and unbending in politics, 
too much that was selfish, bigoted and persecuting in re- 
ligion, to make the best material for the highest type of a 
free Republic. Democratic liberty must not be libert}^ to 
a class or to a sect, and subservience of all other classes, 
sects and opinions, but liberty to all alike. It must even 
include Quakers and aborigines. This was hard to the 
Massachusetts mind. She hung the Quaker, and Avas at 
constant warfare with the Indian until he was exterminated 
from her borders. The peaceable teaching of Christ, in 
her opinion, did not apply to heretics and heathen. It was 
otherwise with the followers of Penn, who, even in the 
seventeenth century, announced those views of civil and 
religious liberty, which, in the nineteenth, the descendants 
of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock are fain to accept. 

C. F. Richardson, in his book on American Literature, 
devoted many pages to the early history of the Puritan 
colony and its paramount influence on the life of the nation, 
literary, political and religious, while he gives scant credit 
to the colony of Penn. He says briefly of it : " When the 
Friends fell into a minority they were still potent, but their 
range of ambition was more limited than that of the Mas- 
sachusetts Puritans ;" while, in the course of his dissertation 



INTRODUCTORY. — ENVIRONMENT. 19 

on the latter, he makes this remarkable assertion : " Personal 
liberty, in politics and religion, was, of course, not generally 
secured in the American colonies at first." It was, however, 
secured in the province of Pennsylvania at the first, before 
the end of the seventeenth century ; and " to the everlasting 
honor of the Quakers be it recorded, the first of her laws was 
' concerning liberty of conscience.' " " To the resolution and 
strong will of the Quakers," a writer has said, " we owe one 
of the greatest of our rights, freedom of conscience, without 
which civil liberty is a name." The underlying idea of 
Quakerism is " a spiritual democracy ;" and there is little 
reason to doubt that " the Constitution of Pennsylvania 
served largely as a model for that of the great Republic, 
which was built and launched in its metropolis, then the 
largest city on the continent." Haverford College was 
within ten miles of this metropolis. It was on the edge of 
the celebrated Welsh tract, and that portion of it, the trans- 
ference of which to Delaware (then Chester) County was 
regarded by our Cymric ancestors with such famous indig- 
nation. 

These worthy people had emigrated to the New World 
with the desire to live quietly apart from the people around 
them. Governor Penn, the Proprietary, had given them 
reason to expect their wishes would be gratified. In a letter 
of instructions to the Surveyor-General, he directed that the 
Welsh tract should be laid out in accordance with the 
understanding with him — i.e., contiguously as one barony, 
the intention of the Welsh settlers being to conduct their 
own affairs separately from the rest of the colony, and in 
own language, as a county palatine. Tempted by the 
prospect of peace and quietness in the new land, the settlers 
swarmed over from Haverford West and Bryn Mawr, from 



20 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Pembroke, Monmouth, Glamorgan, Montgomery, Radnor 
and Merioneth shires, and for a while dwelt in peace. During 
the sad days of financial distress which darkened Penn's 
declining years, however, he wrote to his agents to be 
vigorous in the collection of quit-rents; whereupon, in their 
zeal, the rents were assessed upon the whole forty thousand 
acres, heretofore exempt; and, in spite of the original as- 
surance of the Proprietary himself, a line was run between 
Philadelphia and Chester counties, which divided the 
Welsh tract in two parts. A pathetic appeal was made 
from wdiat they, at least, regarded as a grave act of injustice. 
" Being descended," says this appeal, " of the antient Britons, 
who always in the land of our Nativity, under the Crown of 
England, have enjoyed that liberty and priviledge as to have 
our bounds and limits by ourselves, wdthin which all 
Causes, Quarrels, crimes and tithes were tryed and wholly 
determined by Officers, Magistrates and Juries of our own 
language." Their spirited claim did not avail, and the 
reservation was thrown open for settlement by others. 
Doubtless it seemed to them an act of glaring wrong, and 
seriously marred their pleasant pictures ; but it is a striking 
commentary on the obliterations wrought b}' time that 
these ancient Britons are now completely merged, and all 
lines between them and their English-speaking neighbors 
have vanished, no distinction remaining save the old 
Welsh names. The early dissensions probably account for 
the quiet obscurity of the annals of this part of the colony, 
of which we hear little, and the Welsh settlers were not, 
perhaps, much in accord with William Penn. 

They were a generous people. " If a newly arrived emi- 
grant," says Dr. Smith in his history of Delaware County, 
" or a poor Friend stood in need of a house, it was built for 



INTRODUCTORY. — ENVIRONMENT. 



21 



him; of a plough or a cow, he was provided with one." 
Haverford Monthly Meeting contributed £60 14s. lid. in 
1697 to relieve the distress of the people of New England, 
caused by the inroads of Indians. Not only the religious, 
but also secular affairs of the townships appear to have 
been conducted, in those primitive times, by the Meeting. 
One of their minutes, in 1693, ordered that the inhabitants 
of the townships of Haverford and Radnor "should pay 




LLEWELLYN'S HOUSE (CAbTLE BR'TH). 

one shilling towards ye taking of wolves." The old mile- 
stones, the Merion Meeting House and the Llewellyn farm- 
house, were standing in recent years — the latter, an object of 
admiration for its quaint appearance and its small, heavily 
leaded window-panes, being where William Penn was seen 
in prayer, the Llewellyn Castle Br'th. A rock is also 
shown where the great proprietor is said to have dined; 



22 HISTORY OF IIAVERFOKD COLLEGE. 

but few distinguishable traces now remain of those earlier 
days of the colony. 

American history is thick in the vicinity. The revolu- 
tionar}^ battle-fields of Brandywine and Germantown, the 
scene of the Paoli massacre, and the famous winter en- 
campment at Valley Forge, during the dark days of tlie 
Revolution, arc all near at hand. The independence of the 
mother country was declared and proclaimed from the 
State House steps in Philadelphia on the Fourth of July, 
1776. In Philadelphia, also, the Continental Congress sat 
and "imbibed the great principles of toleration from the 
atmosphere of William Penn." 

The influences that surrounded the cradle of the Repub- 
lic are those that surround Haverford College. The birth- 
place of Benjamin West, President of the Royal Academy — 
so pronounced a Re]3ublican that he declined the honor of 
knighthood proffered by the king — has been a favorite 
resort of the students, being in the same county and 
easily reached in an afternoon walk. Had the college 
existed in his boyhood, some of his letters, preserved in the 
collection at Independence Hall, would, perhaps, have been 
more grammatical. In the adjoining county at Stenton, the 
country seat of James Logan, Penn's Secretary of State, after- 
ward Governor of the Province, it is believed the sextant, 
commonly called Hadley's sextant, so important to navi- 
gators, was invented b}'^ a man named Godfrey. Logan was 
a Friend, and founder of the Loganian Library, now a 
branch of the Philadelphia Librar3^ The Haverford Lo- 
ganian Society was named in honor of him. In another 
adjoining county (Lancaster) Robert Fulton, tlie perfecter 
of steam navigation, was born. liere also lived John 
Fitch, who laid claim to the invention of the steamboat. 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 23 

and who sailed one on the Delaware before Fulton's more 
successful experiment on the Hudson. In Philadelphia 
also was founded in colonial times, by Benjamin Franklin 
and others, the American Philosophical Society, still prom- 
inent among learned bodies ; and here, in later days, the 
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences was also founded. 
Franklin here " drew lightning from the skies" and made 
his other discoveries in science. Here has been long the 
seat of the great medical schools of the country, the loca- 
tion of the United States Mint, the centre of multiplied 
manufacturing industries, the depot of the mines of nickel, 
zinc, iron and coal, the only beds of true anthracite being 
found in the eastern counties of Pennsylvania. The val- 
leys of the Schuylkill and Lehigh rivers abound with 
furnaces, and the former swarms with mills and resounds 
with the roar of myriads of spindles and the rattle of 
looms. The Flora Cestrica of Dr. Darlington reveals the 
abundance of botanical resources in the county, including 
many plants important to medical science. Important dis- 
coveries in palseontology have been made in the adjoining 
county of Chester, in a basin near Phoenixville, and others 
near York ; and two of the rarer monsters of the prime — 
Hadrosaurus Foulkii and Laelaps Aquilunguis — were dis- 
covered near the Delaware River, on the New Jersey side, 
and the latter named by Professor Cope of this college. 
The whole State abounds in materials for extended object- 
instruction ; and the nearness of Philadelphia, with its 
libraries, and the collections of the Pennsylvania Histor- 
ical Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of coins at the Mint, of relics 
at Independence Hall, etc., has been of value to the nascent 
college, its professors and students. It is in some respects 



24 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

also a model city, for its hundreds of benevolent institutions 
of every kind, for its unexampled development of the idea 
of a home for working people, not in tenement houses, but 
nearly every mechanic and laborer occupying a home of 
his own ; for its rectangular streets and numerous parks or 
city squares ; also for the clearness of its air and cleanli- 
ness of its house-fronts, due to the almost entire absence of 
bituminous coal. At the time of the origin of our school 
the predominance of the Quaker element in the population 
had long ceased, and it constituted probably less than one- 
tenth of the whole, yet its influence survived in a certain 
sobriety, an absence of ambition and pretence, and a con- 
tempt for the purel}'' aesthetic, which have caused the city 
to be described, very unjustly, as " The Paradise of Medi- 
ocrity." 

The sixty years of the existence of Haverford as a school 
and college have probabl}'' witnessed a greater development 
in the intellectual life of the civilized world than any like 
period preceding it. It has been a half-century filled with 
instances of amazing progress in science, art, literature, 
commerce and invention. So abundant are these instances, 
that to enumerate them would require volumes, instead of 
the few pages in Avliich w^e may here briefly advert 
to them, and specialists would be a necessity to recite the 
achievements of every department of thought and indus- 
try. To recall the state of things in 1830 is a difficult 
feat, even to the venerable survivors of that era. For a 
youth of the present day to picture it in his fanc}'^ would 
imply a brilliancy of imagination very rare. One can 
scarcely realize the possibility of getting on at all with the 
means and materials available at that period for everyday 
])urposes. To study by the faint glimmer of a tallow dip 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 25 

or the whale-oil lamp, which was then the highest expres- 
sion of art for purposes of illumination, would tax the op- 
ties of the present day beyond the consent of oculists. But 
it was only about the time of Haverford's origin that light- 
ing-gas came into use, the first successful application of gas 
to this purpose having been made in this country in 1821. 
Petroleum with its various refinements was unknown — for 
the oil fever following the finding of oil in Western Penn- 
sylvania was an undiscovered disease — and the improved 
Argand and other burners, which gave to headlight oil 
a brilliancy in the student lamp, rivalling that of gas, and 
a softness and steadiness which excelled it, had not been 
invented. So great was the doubt as to the feasibility of 
safely distributing gas and lighting it that a most dis- 
tinguished citizen, a Philadelphia lawyer, no less a person, 
in fact, than the great Horace Binney, denounced its use as 
criminal in that it would lead to endless conflagrations and 
explosions. It will appear, notwithstanding, from the fol- 
lowing history that it was afterward introduced at Haver- 
ford, and has there had its day. The splendors of elec- 
tricity as a common illuminator were then not dreamt of. 
Now there are over 500 towns and cities lit by gas, wath a 
capital of fifty millions or more invested in the plant, and 
no inconsiderable amount is already expended upon elec- 
trical appliances for the same purpose. 

Systems of transportation have been revolutionized more 
than most other things, and their change affects more than 
many others the experience of youths going to and from 
school or college. The origin of our institution saw the 
days of Conestoga wagons — those great lumbering wains 
which were then the principal means of conveying merchan- 
dise between the " East " and the " West." It is true the rail- 



26 iriSTORY OF HAVERFOIJD COLLEGE. 

road, with all its wonderful possibilities and results, was then 
springing into existence. But it was in its earliest days, 
and bore little resemblance, in point of speed, machinery or 
roadbed, to the magnificent iron highway of half a century 
later, which binds the Atlantic to the Pacific, and has been 
perhaps the principal means of developing the young and 
plucky nation of the first quarter of the nineteenth century 
into one of the wealthiest and most powerful people on the 
face of the globe. The greatest of these artificial highways 
in the world ran by the doors of Haverford School, and its 
construction was begun about the time of Founders' Hall. 
For many years its western terminus was on the eastern 
bank of the Susquehanna River, which was then pretty far 
west, and it was only the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. 
Many of the older students can remember the red covered 
bridge, known familiarly as " the Columbia Railroad bridge," 
which spanned the Schuylkill near Tom Moore's cottage, a 
short distance below the present Belmont, and the inclined 
plane up which the cars were drawn by means of a station- 
ary engine at the top — in those days regarded as a necessary 
piece of engineering. A student still living remembers a 
train being precipitated down the plane, and one car 
plunged into the Schuylkill, with fatal results to its occu- 
pants. The rails were laid on iron chairs, which were set 
in cubical stone sills; and the tradition is that the road 
was made to wind about, so as to stop at the various farms 
on the road; the serpentine course of the road was more 
likely due to an insufiicient knowledge of the value of a 
straight line for high speed, and of the heavy wear and tear 
of curves, and to an effort to cheapen the cost of construc- 
tion by rounding hills and valleys. At first, the cars on 
this railroad were drawn by horse-power. 



INTRODUCTORY. — ENVIRONMENT. 27 

In point of fact, the establishment of Haverford Scliool 
was contemporaneous with the dawn of railroading. 
J. L. Ringwalt, in his " Transportation Systems of the 
United States," says that " While the period between 1825 
and 1830 was peculiarly important in movements which 
laid the groundwork for preparations for railway construc- 
tion, it can scarcely be said that any railway intended for 
miscellaneous traffic was completed and in successful opera- 
tion in the United States before 1830. That is, therefore, 
the year from which the growth of the American railway 
system is generally dated." The Switchback at Mauch 
Chunk and in Panther Creek Valley was in use in 1820, 
but was a gravity road, with stationary engines for the 
inclined planes, as it continues to be, indeed, seventy years 
later. The Darlington Railway in England was opened in 
1820 for local traffic, and the Liverpool and Manchester in 
1829. Our Friend, Josiah White, who was at one time a 
manager of Haverford, was the leading engineer of the 
Lehigh region at that period ; and Professor Silliman said in 
1830 that Josiah White wrote in a public document that he 
did not think it economical to run railway cars faster than 
six miles an hour, on account of wear and tear. That was 
one mile faster than Fulton ran his first steamboat on the 
Hudson. It was not until 1828, the year after the Friends' 
separation to which is ascribed the origin of our college, 
that the Pennsylvania Legislature passed an act providing 
for the construction of a railway, by the State, from Phila- 
delphia through Lancaster to Columbia, and thence to York. 
This was the nucleus of the first of the great trunk lines, 
the Pennsylvania Railroad, whose route, at first, and for forty 
years, lay between Founders' Hall and Haverford Meeting 
House, and past the very door of what half a century later 



28 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

is the cottage oceupiecl by Ellis Yarnall. It was only in 
1829 that the first genuine locomotive was run in America, 
on the railway connecting the coal mines of Northeastern 
Pennsylvania with the Delaware and Hudson Canal. The 
engine was imported from England and weighed about 
seven tons. The first steamship, the "Savannah," had 
crossed the Atlantic ten years earlier, in 1819, and the most 
rapid development of steamboat construction, for river 
navigation, hud taken place in the thirteen years preceding 
1830. 

Anthracite had not long supplanted hickory for fuel. 
John Biddle, of Philadelphia, a youth in 1830, tried burn- 
ing it himself, and found it was merely stone and would not 
burn. He was afterward President of the Locust Mountain 
Coal Company, one of the large ininers of anthracite. In 
1825, the entire quantity sent to the Philadelphia market 
was 750,000 bushels, not over 10,000 tons. 

Land in the vicinity of the college was probably worth 
from one-tenth to one-twentieth of its present value. A 
fortune of $100,000 was what a million would now be. The 
population of Philadelphia was 169,000. That of New York 
was about the same, but she was beginning to outstrip the 
rival city, which had, until some ten years earlier, been the 
recognized metropolis, in the race for commercial supremacy. 
Of course, the whole face of the country was rural and 
pastoral, nor was it then, nor for many years after, dotted 
with handsome villas, now so numerous not only thereaway, 
but for many miles to the west of Haverford. The ideas of 
Friends were much simpler, and their standards of life 
more modest; and plainness in dress and manners, and the 
peculiar garb, were rated much higher. 

The natural sciences were comparatively little developed. 



INTRODUCTORY. — ENVIRONMENT. 



29 



especially the knowledge of chemical facts, which, in their 
application to the industries, have had so large a part in the 
development of the country's wealth. The manufactures of 
the United States, which required such long fostering care 
on the part of the general government to bring into being, 
in competition with the established facilities of the Old 
World, were yet in their infancy. Not only were the hun- 




OLD MERION MEETING HOUSE. 

dreds of manufacturing industries with which New York 
and Philadelphia are crowded, and which represent every 
variety of product, then unborn, but the numerous cities 
which originated in some particular manufacture, such as 
Lawrence, Lowell, Fall River, Pullman, Elgin, Waltham, 
etc., had not then sprung into being. 

The West was bounded by the Mississippi River ; that was 



30 PIISTORY OP HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the very far West. It was bardl}^ expected that the country 
would ever extend farther than the alluvium of that vast 
waterway. Ohio was " out west," and the young giant cities 
which now threaten to overshadow the eastern metropolis 
had scarcely shown their heads. The El Dorado of the 
Pacific and the Rocky Mountains were myths of the future. 
The railway, the reaper and mower, the sewing machine, 
have rendered settlement, growth and existence possible in 
these virgin lands of the Occident. It was not till twenty 
years later that America became the principal source of 
supply of the precious metals for the world, and an Amer- 
ican watch was a rarer commodity than an American book. 
And how mucli is implied in electricity, of electro-plating, 
and electro-lighting, and telegraphing, and telephoning, and 
a hundred things besides ! It was then a schoolboy's curi- 
osity, and little more, and the friction electrical machine 
was its illustration ; no dynamos, Voltaic piles nor Ruhm- 
korf coils had been devised. But even the capacities of 
the telescope in exploring toward the periphery of the uni- 
verse, and the microscope toward its centre, had not been 
greath^ evolved, still less those of the spectroscope^ with its 
marvel of records from across the ocean of space. 

We have touched lightly upon the comparatively infantile 
state of things sixty years ago, and upon some of the sur- 
face changes in the land we live in ; but it would be unpar- 
donable to omit mention of the stupendous political event 
to which our national politics pointed at that period, which 
was consummated half-way between then and now, but 
which was then inconceivable, for we were in the fulfilment 
of only the earlier portions of Joseph Hoag's vision^ — an 



^ Those wlio have not read tliis remarkable vision, before the War of the 
Rebellion, can liardly appreciate the uncanny impression its successive fulfil- 
ments have created. 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 31 

event which involved a social, political and moral revolution 
in this country, and which was one of the great events in 
the history of the world — that " irrepressible conflict " which 
cost a million lives and thousands of millions in money, 
which reft a continent in twain for four years, and set five 
million slaves free from their chains. 

In 1830, so deeply was the United States Constitution 
founded in the affection and confidence of the living gener- 
ation that any attempt at its overthrow, or menace to the 
existence of the Union, seemed impossible. The anti- 
slavery discussion had begun, but had not attained national 
dimensions, nor caused much alarm even to the volcanic 
slaveholders. So tremendous have been the results, upon 
the national character, of the embittered political con- 
troversy, and, still more, of the continental war that in 
one great convulsion terminated the controversy, that the 
state of things sixty years ago can scarcely be conceived a 
quarter of a century after the war. A civil war, of the 
magnitude of this one, does not involve a country for four 
years, without a tremendous stimulation of the nation's 
activities. It rouses the whole nation from its lethargies, 
energizes it, and especially broadens and enlarges its enter- 
prises. A million of the young men of a nation cannot be 
taken from the quiet fields of commerce and literature and 
agriculture, and plunged into the negation of all law and of 
all moral restraint, but the law and the restraint of military 
superiors, without a great enfranchisement of thought, a 
great removal of limitations, and a livel}^ flow of that 
nation's blood into new channels, following in the reaction. 
Such a war leads to an immense crop of murders and rob- 
beries and arsons, but also to a vigorous crop of new ideas, 
of inventions, of discoveries and magnificent undertakings. 
In 1830 the nation was still in its state of lethargy. 



32 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Another event which had not happened at that time was 
the gold fever wliich followed the discoveries of the precious 
ores in California in '49. Planting, as it did, the American 
standard and an American population on the Pacific Coast, 
it proved the forerunner of a new civilization and of mar- 
vellous expansion of the nation's growth clear across the 
continent, 3,000 miles, from the Atlantic Coast to the Pa- 
cific. With what rapid steps thereupon followed the 
awakening of Japan, the steam navigation of the Pacific, 
the contact of the Anglo-Saxon with the Spaniard and the 
succumbing of the Spanish conquest to the Anglo-Amer- 
ican, the girding of the continent with zones of iron, the 
irrigation of the deserts, the vanishing of bisons and red 
men before the advancing horde of conquering Caucasians, 
with its inevitable vanguard of border ruffians ! And these, 
following each other with dizzy speed, were things un- 
dreamt of at the era of which we write. 

What has resulted ? It is difficult to define the limits of 
the influence of these unprecedented events upon human 
development. Upon this nation it was immense. Not 
only were fortunes built up " beyond the wildest dreams of 
avarice," but the paralyzed half of this continent, where 
the barrenness of nature seemed to be in collusion with the 
indolence of man to render prosperity impossible, has been 
awakened from its slumber of centuries. The desert has 
been literally made to " blossom as the rose," and drear}^ 
and hopeless marshes and sand-dunes have become in- 
stinct with life, and thronged with busy hives of industry. 
The dull Mexican, a compromise between Spaniard and 
Indian, still lingers dazed in his one-story adobes, while 
the bewildering blaze of the new American civilization 
flashes past him, surrounds him and consumes him. Mag- 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 33 

nificent land-locked harbors, never before utilized, have 
become busy with steam propellers and white with sails of 
commerce. Glorious mountains and valleys, cascades and 
lakes, unvisited save by the foot of the savage or the Aztec 
and that of wild atiimals, have been converted into crowded 
resorts of wealthy seekers for health and pleasure, vying 
with the Alps of Switzerland. And, more remarkable than 
all, lands thought capable of yielding only the prickly 
cactus, or equally worthless vegetation, by the simple pro- 
cess of irrigation have been transformed into productive plan- 
tations, and are supplanting Italy and Spain in their rich 
harvests of the orange, the olive and the vine. And thus, 
within forty years, there has arisen, upon the Western slopes 
of this continent, upon shores thitherto almost as mythical 
as the classical shores of the Golden Fleece, a civilization 
as advanced as that upon the Atlantic Coast, a Pacific 
metropolis more populous, and busier, and more prosperous, 
than any found along the Atlantic forty years before the 
discovery of gold, a new intercourse with the great nations 
of Eastern Asia, that is coloring with new light the thought 
of both hemispheres, fresh paths for commerce over the 
Pacific seas, and all this carrying the centre of population 
and influence far toward the setting sun. 

Nor, turning our eyes to Europe, was Italy unified, nor 
the thirty States of Germany consolidated under the 
Hohenzollerns into the powerful German Empire; and 
France, our ancient ally, remained a monarchy. The rev- 
olutionary agitation of 1848 had not occurred. 

These historic conditions — the emancipation of millions 
of slaves, the consolidation of European empires, the peo- 
pling of the American Continent, the magnetic attraction 
of the Oriental and Occidental civilizations, and the amaz- 
3 



3-1 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ing progress of art, science, discovery and invention — must 
needs exert a powerful impulse upon the youthful minds 
born and bred in the midst of them. 

And allliougli Ilaverford, after the manner of the quiet 
sect to which it belonged, has modestly pursued its course 
through it all, we believe it has kept well abreast of the 
progress of its generation, and wielded an influence which. 




ST. DAVID'S CHURCH, JRADNOK. 

albeit not great in itself, is disproportionately great for its 
size. 

Education in the United States was in a very different 
stage of advancement at the time when Haverford School 
was established from that which it has attained since. In 
Pennsylvania, especially, general education was in a deplor- 
ablv backward condition. An old edition of the"Encvclo- 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 



35 



paedia Americana" says that little had been done in Pennsyl- 
vania for common school education in 1830. In the report 
of the Society for the Promotion of Public {Schools, dated 
April, 1831, it is stated that during the preceding year the 
number of children between the ages of five and fifteen was 
400,000, of which there were not 150,000 in all the schools 
of the State. There was no legislative provision for the sup- 
port of schools. 

In the adjoining States of Delaware and Maryland 
somewhat more progress seems to have been made. In 
Delaware there was a school fund, the income of which w^as 
distributed to such towns as would raise a sum equal to that 
which was received, and in Maryland some attempts had been 
made to establish a general system of primary education. 

A free school, known as the Walnut Street Charity School, 
had been started in Philadelphia in 1799; and, as has been 
seen by the existence of a Society for the Promotion of 
Public Schools, efforts had not been wanting to provide for 
the establishment of a system of free public schools ; but, 
with the deliberation characteristic of the State, nothing 
had as yet resulted. 

It was otherwise in the New England States, whose systems 
of free schools had been carried to a considerable degree of 
perfection. More was frequently done there by the towns 
in their separate capacity than the law of the State required. 
In the city of Boston, for instance, with a population num- 
bering at that time less than 62,000 inhabitants, eighty 
schools were supported with 7,430 pupils ; and there were 
155 private schools in the city giving instruction to 4,018 
pupils; making a total of 11,448 pupils, or nearly one-fifth 
of the entire population, and which may therefore be sup- 
posed to include nearly every child of suitable age to attend 



36 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

school. The State of Connecticut had a fund, derived from 
the sale of lands, of $1,882,261, the income of which was 
appropriated to the support of common free schools, founded 
on the oreat principle that elementary education should be 
so free as to exclude none, and the schools so numerous as 
to be within the reach of all. In the whole of New England, 
with a population of less than 2,000,000 at that time, there 
were upward of 10,000 public schools, besides great numbers 
of private schools, boarding-schools and academies, and 
eleven colleges. 

New Jersey had a small school fund, which, together with 
a tax on the capital stock of banks in the Commonwealth, 
was distributed in small sums to assist schools, very much 
as in the State of Delaware. 

The provision in the State of New York was fairly liberal, 
although slender in comparison with recent years. Of 
9,062 school districts, into which the State was then divided, 
and which were provided with school-houses, furniture and 
fuel at the cost of the district, 8,630 made returns, and 
499,424 scholars were taught, partly b}^ the aid of funds 
from the State treasury, and partly by a town tax. 

In March, 1831, the New England system of free schools 
was introduced in Ohio; but little had been done for educa- 
tion in the Western States, and still less in the Southern, over 
which, indeed, slavery cast its withering shadow for thirty 
years more, if it has not, lengthening as its sun set, dark- 
ened their intellectual horizon even down to the present day. 

How much has been developed since, not only in the 
wider recognition of the broad principle laid down early in 
Connecticut, so essential in a republic, that none should be 
excluded from the advantages of a free education, but also 
in the appreciation of technical and art education, kinder- 



INTRODUCTORY. ENVIRONMENT. 37 

gartens, and the relative position of primary schools; in the 
multiplication of colleges and true universities for higher 
and specialized training, and in the exhaustive discussion 
of the whole subject ! Haverford, even as a school, was 
really quite well advanced in the scale in its early days, and 
has shared in the common evolution of the science since. 

Other changes have happened in the last sixty years, not 
less impressive or significant than those which we have 
thus hastily sketched, although, as we have intimated, 
largely resulting from the changes of thought and changes 
in the drifts and currents of thought, but notably a much 
greater freedom and independence of — shall we say the 
superstitions of mediseval days? — yes — but, moreover, of all 
trammels save the sincere and earnest quest for truth. 
That great social movement, which is equallizing and level- 
ling all classes and conditions of men, and recognizing the 
equality of less favored races, which, although enforced as 
a doctrine in the Christian Testament, began to be enforced 
as a fact by the Black Death and Magna Charta, has made 
great strides in this era, and the consequent strife between 
wealth and labor, which seems rapidly approaching a crisis. 

We refer to these things in order to aid our readers in 
realizing what conditions were absent in 1830, and making 
due allowances for what Haverford was at first, as well as to 
give due credit to those pioneers of the higher education in 
the Society of Friends who, through manifold obstacles and 
discouragements, succeeded, under Providence, in establish- 
ing this foundation. 

We shall now endeavor to show what education was 
within the Society prior to the foundation, and then the 
steps which led immediately to the founding of the school. 



CHAPTER 11. 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS 

BEFORE THE FOUNDING OF 

HAVERFORD. 

To those heroes be all honor, 

They beiiekl the far-ofl'goal — 
Brick and stone, with these they built not, 

But they shaped the human soul. — Edward Brown. 



Fkom the time of its rise, the Society of Friends has taken 
a deep interest in education. Among those associated 
^- with its founder "were 

graduates of the Uni- 
versities of Oxford and 
Cambridge, and a num- 
ber who had enjoyed 
the advantages of the 
liigher continental seats 
of learning. George 
Fox valued very fully 
the importance of in- 
strumental agency in 
the Divine economy, 
and especially in the 
work of education. 
In 1()67, according to 
liis journal, he had recommended the establishment of 
a boarding-school for boys, and another for girls, for 







I>l:. JOHN FOTHERGUX, 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 39 

the purpose of instructing them " in all things civil and 
useful in the creation." The latter was forthwith estab- 
lished at Shackelwell, and the former at Waltham, with 
Christopher Taylor, a man of learning and talents, as head- 
master. He had been an eminent minister in the Estab- 
lished Church, and held in very high esteem. Among his 
works are two school-books. He subsequently held office in 
the infant colony of Pennsylvania, where he died in 1686. 
Another of the teachers at Waltham was a graduate of a 
German university, who had also become a convert to the 
new doctrines. All the arrangements were worthy of the 
large and enlightened mind of the founder of the Society. 

By 1671 Friends had fifteen boarding-schools, and, doubt- 
less, many others for day scholars. They declared : " M^e 
deny nothing for children's learning that may be honest 
and useful for them to know, whether relating to Divine 
principles, or that may be serviceable for them to learn 
in regard to the outward creation." The ordinary English 
branches and Latin, with arithmetic and occasionally 
higher mathematics, were taught. An elementary book 
for teaching the Latin language was prepared and pub- 
lished b}^ Friends, so as to avoid what they called the 
" heathenish books " generall}'' used. 

With the same object George Fox assisted in preparing 
a primer, which went through several editions. The one 
issued in 1706 was entitled, " Instructions for Right Spell- 
ing and Plain Directions for Reading and Writing True 
English, etc., with several delightful Things very useful 
and necessary for young and old to Read and Learn." 
George Fox, John Stubs and Benjamin Furley also issued a 
book entitled, "A Battle-Door for Teachers and Professors 
to learn Singular and Plural," etc., etc. 



40 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Robert Barclay, who favored classical schools, wrote, 
"And, therefore, to answer the just desires of those who de- 
sire to read them, and for other very good reasons, as 
maintaining a commerce and understanding among divers 
nations by these common languages, and others of that 
kind, we judge it necessary and commendable that there be 
public schools for the teaching and instructing of such 
youth as are inclinable thereunto, in the languages." 

Thomas EUwood speaks in his journal of having made 
some progress in learning when a boy, and lost it, adding, 
"Nor was I rightly sensible of my loss therein, till I came 
amongst the Quakers. But then I saw my loss, and 
lamented it, and applied myself with the utmost diligence, 
at all leisure times, to recover it. So false I found that 
charge to be which, in those times, was cast upon the 
Quakers, that they despised and decried all human learn- 
ing, because they denied it to be essentially necessary to a 
gospel ministry, which was one of the controversies of 
those times." 

An incident recorded, relative to Wadsworth School, shows 
that the French language was taught there, and also that 
the Scriptures were regularly and publicly read. A charge 
was made in print that the Bible was never read to the 
scholars. A direct negative was immediately given to this 
assertion "by the French teacher;" and a certificate from 
several of the neighbors, not Friends, who were well ac- 
quainted with the school, asserts that " some portion of the 
Old or New Testament was daily read in the school, so that 
the whole Scriptures were read in order." Such a course of 
training must be considered very liberal for a time when 
literary education was not general, and when women rarely 
shared in anv advantages of the kind. 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 41 

In the light of recent events one of the most remarkable 
publications of the early Friends was a tract by John 
Bellers, a member of London Quarterly Meeting, issued in 
1695, and republished in 1696, entitled, "Proposals for Rais- 
ing a Colledge of Industry of all useful Trades and Hus- 
bandry, with Profit for the Rich, a Plentiful Living for the 
Poor, and a Good Education for Youth," etc. After quoting- 
Sir Matthew Hale, that "a sound, prudent method for 
industrial education for the poor will give a better remedy 
against these corruptions than all the gibbets and whip- 
ping-posts in the kingdom," he appeals to Parliament to 
encourage the enterprise, and to the thinking and public- 
spirited to contribute money, which E. Skeat and H. 
Springet will receive. Many of his arguments are very 
familiar in our day, and " to answer all objections," in his 
language, "would be to empty the sea." 

In 1697 Boilers' co-operative plan was recommended by 
the morning Meeting and Meeting for Sufferings. The 
Quarterly Meeting of London and Middlesex advised 
Monthly Meetings to encourage schools for the education 
of poor children, that they may be fit for employment, and 
it was suggested that the rooms at meeting houses be 
allowed to be used free, when convenient. About 1702 a 
house appears to have been obtained at Clerkenwell, in the 
suburbs of London, and fitted up as a school and work- 
house. In 1790 the minutes of the committee state that 
very little advantage in point of gain has arisen from the 
labor. In 1811 the school was remodelled, and labor ceased 
to form a part of systematic instruction. There had evi- 
dently been too much desire for profit. 

In 1697 the question of "breeding up schoolmasters" 
had been considered, and in 1715 the Yearly Meeting ac- 



42 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



knowledged " that tlic want of proper persons amongst 
Friends, qualified for schoolmasters, has been a great 
damage to the Society in many places." Meetings were 
recommended "to take care that some weighty, suitable 
Friends go and inspect schools and families of Friends in 
the several counties; and to see that the advice of Friends 
be duly answered in this great concern." Care w^as also to 
be taken that "poor Friends' children might freely partake 
of the benefits so fur as would be useful to them." In 1711 
" the Friends that are schoolmasters signifying that they 
desire to have a meeting among themselves on second-day 
in the afternoon at the third hour, in the next Yearly 
Meeting week to advise with each other concerning the 
education of youth," the Meeting approved of it. 

The subject of increased facilities for education claimed 

the earnest attention of 
almost ever}'- Yearly 
Meeting, from 1700 to 
1740, and minutes upon 
the subject were regularly 
sent down to the subordi- 
nate Meetings. The great 
burden of these was for 
"godly care for the good 
education of children in 
the fear, nurture and ad- 
monition of the Lord." 
The General Epistle of 
1700 said: "It is the 
earnest desire of this 
Meeting, for the Lord's 
sake, the honor of liis name and truth, and the good of 
posterity, that a godly care be taken by you for the due 




LINDLKY ]N[URR.\Y. 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 43 

education of Friends' children." Thus the subject was 
constantly pressed upon the attention of Friends. This 
fact proves the existence of a good degree of education 
anaong the members, for otherwise they would have rested 
quietly in ignorance of its value. At one time the Yearly 
Meeting sent a large committee to visit all the meetings 
within its compass to secure increased attention to the 
subject; at another (1760) their advanced idea of education 
is shown by the lament that " the number of scholars of 
reputation for learning is very inconsiderable." A great 
step was taken by the establishment, in 1779, of Ackworth 
School under liberal endowment. It was founded largely 
through the efforts of Dr. John Fothergill, the eminent 
physician and philanthropist. Not long after, Lindley 
Murray, a Friend, reared in Pennsylvania, settled in that 
part of England. Few men of his day exerted them- 
selves so much for education. Ackworth was a school for 
the whole Yearly Meeting, but soon there was a demand 
for increased facilities, and more local schools were required. 
Thus, Sidcot was established, in 1809; Wigton in 1815; 
Croydon in 1823 ; Tottenham in 1828 ; York Boys' School 
in 1829, and that for girls in 1831 ; and, subsequently, those 
at Rowden, Penketh, Ay ton and Saffron- Walden. It is 
noticeable that four of these dates are nearly contemporary 
with the founding of Haverford. For nearly a century the 
subject of education had been under the especial care of the 
Meeting for Sufferings, and had received very earnest atten- 
tion. In 1837 the Friends' Educational Society was formed, 
and, by holding frequent conferences, and through other 
means, steadily advanced the cause among the membership. 
As early as 1675 the question of education appears on the 
records in Ireland. Among the schools kept by Friends 



44 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

there was one at Ballitore, opened about 1725 by Abraham 
Shackleton, and conducted by his family for more than 
seventy years. Here Edmund Burke, whose warm friend- 
ship for Richard Shackleton was terminated only by death, 
was prepared for Trinity College, Dublin. 

When Friends crossed the Atlantic to settle in America, 
they brought with them a high appreciation of the impor- 
tance of mental culture and discipline, but the circumstances 
surrounding them in their new homes were not the most 
favorable for the establishment of schools for their youth. 
Families were often remote from each other, and the 
ph3'sical demands upon them required all their energies. 
Nevertheless, we find b}'' their records that they very soon 
gave intelligent attention to the education of their children. 
Almost everywhere Preparative or Monthly Meeting schools 
were established, and Friends were eager to take advantage 
of every educational opportunity that was offered, where 
their children would not be exposed to injurious influences. 

New England Yearly Meeting in 1695 advised " that 
schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, who are faithful 
Friends and well qualified, be encouraged in all places 
where there may be need, and that care be taken that poor 
Friends' children may freely partake of such education as 
may tend to their benefit and advantage." In succeeding 
years the Yearly Meeting gave urgent advice in reference 
to the establishment of schools in the various subordinate 
meetings, and in 1737 " Friends of ability were desired to 
give their children opportunity to learn the French, German 
and Danish languages." 

In several of the Monthly Meetings throughout New 
England there were schools of considerable reputation, and 
those upon the island of Nantucket, at New Bedford and in 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 



45 



Rhode Island were widely known. But Friends desired 
facilities for a broader training than those schools afforded, 
and in 1780 the Yearly Meeting directed that a fund be 
raised by subscription for the establishment of a boarding- 
school, to be under the direction and care of the Meeting 
for Sufferings. It was recorded, however, that " the circum- 
stances of Friends with regard to property were generally 
very limited at this time, and the sums subscribed were 
mostly small." Moses Brown, who had kept the subject 
before the Society, contributed $575, and the school was 
opened in 1784 at Portsmouth, R. I., with Isaac Lawton, an 
eminent and eloquent minister, as teacher. Because of in- 
adequate support, however, it was discontinued in 1788, 
and the remainder of the fund was placed at interest, and 
Friends were encouraged to increase it by donations and 
bequests. Under the care 
of Moses Brown it had 
reached $9,300 in 1814, 
when he gave for the pur- 
pose forty-three acres from 
his farm at Providence. 
With liberal subscriptions 
from many others the 
school was opened in an 
unfinished and unfur- 
nished building, 1st month 
1st, 1819. Moses Brown, 
who was then over 80 
years of age, could neither 
wait for sufficient means 
nor for teachers trained^for the profession, so that wealthy 
and cultivated Friends offered their services without pay. 




MOSES BROWN. 



46 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Among them was Dorcas Gardener of Nantucket, subse- 
quently the wife of Dr. Paul Swift of Haverford. 

In 1822 the school received more than $100,000 by the 
will of Obadiah, son of Moses Brown. 

From 1832 to 1835 Dr. John Griscom, one of the founders 
of Haverford, was principal, and the salary of $1,500 per 
annum seemed so large to some that those who were anxious 
to secure his services appear to have offered to contribute 
the excess over $1,000 or $1,200. Dr. Griscom had been 
one of the first to teach and lecture on chemistry, and 
Halleck's famous poem " Fanny " mentions a certain build- 
ing as "sacred to Scudder's shells and Dr. Griscom." 

The subject of the guarded religious education of the 
youth appears to have engaged the attention of Friends in 
New York at an early period, though no definite action is 
found upon the records of their Yearly Meeting until 1779. 
At that time, and at the meetings of the following years, 
the subject was referred to the careful consideration of the 
subordinate meetings, and they were requested to appoint 
committees to have the oversight of all schools that had 
been or that might be established. Steps were taken for 
the creation of funds for educational purposes. Subscrip- 
tions were taken and many donations received, which formed 
what was called a " permanent fund." This was increased 
by a number of legacies. In 1794 Nine Partners Quarterly 
Meeting recommended the establishment of a Yearly Meet- 
ing Boarding-School. In the following year the proposition 
was united with, and ten acres of land with commodious 
buildings were purchased at Nine Partners, in Dutchess 
County, where a school was opened 12 month 20th, 179G. 

The Yearl}^ Meeting gave special attention to the main- 
tenance of its permanent fund, the income of which was 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 47 

used for the education of the children of Friends in limited 
circumstances. In 1799 £476 18s, Od. were collected for this 
purpose, and in another year $3,425. Subsequently legacies 
amounting to $10,000 were received. This permanent edu- 
cational fund is still maintained. 

William Penn had received a liberal education at Oxford, 
and among those who accompanied him to Pennsylvania 
were a number of Friends who were learned scholars, pro- 
ficient in the knowledge of Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and some 
of the modern languages, as well as in mathematics. 

Penn's Frame of Government, written in England early 
in 1682, contains the following : " That the Governor and 
Provincial Council shall erect and order all public schools, 
and encourage and reward the authors of useful sciences 
and laudable inventions in the said Province. . . . That 
all children within this Province of the age of twelve 
years shall be taught some useful trade or skill, to the end 
none may be idle, but the poor may work to live, and the 
rich, if they become poor, may not want." When about to 
sail for America he wrote to his wife about their children, 
" For their learning be liberal. Spare no cost; for by such 
parsimony all is lost that is saved." 

Penn's Frame of Government was accepted without 
material alteration, and soon after his arrival the "Great 
Law" was passed, containing the following provisions: 
" That the Laws of this Province, from time to time, shall 
be published and printed, that every person may have the 
knowledge thereof; and they shall be one of the books 
taught in the schools of this Province and Territories 
thereof. . . . And to the end that poor as well as rich may 
be instructed in good and commendable learning, which is 
to be preferred before wealth, Beit enacted, . . . That all 



48 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

persons in this Province and Territories thereof, having 
children, and all guardians and trustees of orphans, shall 
cause such to be instructed in reading and writing, so that 
the}' may be able to read the Scriptures and to write by the 
time they attain to twelve years of age; and that then they 
be taught some useful trade or skill, that the poor may work 
to live, and the rich if they become poor may not want; of 
which every County Court shall take care. And in case 
such parents, guardians or overseers shall be found deficient 
in this respect, every such parent, guardian or overseer shall 
pay for every such child five pounds, except there should 
appear an incapacity in body or understanding to hinder it." 

" At a Council held at Philadelphia, ye 26th of ye lOtli 
month, 1683. Present: Wm. Penn, Proper, and Govr. ; 
Th. Holmes, Wm. Haigue, Lasse Cock, Wm. Clayton." 

"The Govr. and Provcl. Councill having taken into their 
Serious Consideration the great Necessity there is of a 
School Master for ye instruction and Sober Education of 
youth in the towne of Philadelphia, Sent for Enock flower, 
an inhabitant of the said Towne, who for twenty year past 
hath been exercised in that care and Imployment in 
England, to whom having Communicated their Minds, he 
Embraced it upon the following Terms : to Learne to read 
English 4s by the Quarter, to Learne to read and write 6s 
t>y ye Quarter, to learne to read, Write and Cast accot 8s by 
ye Quarter; for Boarding a Scholar, that is to say, dyet, 
Washing, Lodging, and Scooling, Tenn Pounds for one whole 
year." 

"At a Council 11 month 17th, 1683, it was proposed that 
Care be Taken about the Learning and Instruction of 
Youth, to Witt : a Scool of Arts and Sciences." 

After Penn's return to England he wrote Governor Thomas 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 49 

Lloyd, instructing him to set up a public Grammar School 
in Philadelphia, which he agreed to incorporate. Accord- 
ing to the Memorial, Lloyd " was by birth of them who are 
called gentry." He was a graduate of Oxford and one of 
the ablest and most accomplished of the colonists. His 
early death in 1694 was an incalculable loss to Penn and 
the colony. 

In 1697-8 the school was chartered by Governor Mark- 
ham. In 1701, as Penn was about to return from America 
the second time, he granted a charter under the corporate 
title of " The Overseers of the Public School founded in 
Philadelphia," etc. This charter continued the control by 
the Monthly Meeting. In 1708 Penn granted another 
charter extending the privileges and powers. The preamble 
of this document recites that " Whereas, the prosperity and 
wellfare of any people depends in a great measure upon the 
good Education of Youth and their early instruccon in the 
principles of true religeon and vertue, and qualifying them 
to Serve their Country and themselves, by breeding them to 
reading, writing and learning of languages, usfull arts and 
Sciences, Suitable to their Sex, age and degree, which cannot 
be effected in any manner So well as bye erecting publict 
Schools for the purposes aforesaid," etc. The control of the 
school was vested in fifteen overseers, with perpetual succes- 
sion, under the title of " The Overseers of the Publick 
schoole, founded in the town and County of Philadelphia, 
in Pensilvania," etc. The overseers named in the charter 
were leading men of the infant colony — viz., Samuel Car- 
penter, Edward Shippen, Griffith Owen, Thomas Story, 
Anthony Morris, Richard Hill, Isaac Norris, John Jones, 
William Southeby, Nicholas Wain, James Logan, Caleb 
Pusey, Rowland Ellis, Samuel Preston and James Fox. 
4 



50 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

A third charter was granted by Perm in 1711. Jonathan 
Dickinson, Natlian Stanbury and Thomas Masters take the 
phice of Jones, Southeby and Fox as overseers. A common 
seal with Penn's coat-of-arms and the inscription, " Good 
instruction is better than riches," was included. As vacan- 
cies occur among the overseers they or the major part of 
them are " directed and enjoyned to nominate, elect and 
appoint one or more discreet, religious pson or psons into 
ye room and place, rooms and places, of every Such over- 
seer or overseers So dying, surrendering or being so re- 
moved, within forty days," etc. 

The school has long been known as the William Penn 
Charter School, and among the masters have been Anthony 
Benezet, Robert Proud and Charles Thomson, afterward 
Secretary of the Continental Congress, and Charles and 
Joseph Roberts. 

The Public Schools and Friends' Select Schools were 
eventually found to fill the place the Charter Schools had 
been intended to occupy. After continuing in operation 
nearly 200 years the Charter Schools were closed and a new 
system inaugurated, largely through the efforts of Charles 
Yarnall, one of the overseers. This resulted in the opening 
of a school of the highest grade for boys in 1875. It was 
placed under the care of a Haverford graduate, Richard 
]\I. Jones, as head-master, and started with sixteen jDupils 
on the property adjoining Friends' Twelfth Street Meeting 
House. Under his judicious management it has steadily 
increased, and has now (1890) 300 pupils. 

The renowned Francis Daniel Pastorius, who probably 
possessed, according to Judge Pennypacker, more literary 
attainments and produced more literary work than any 
other of the early emigrants to this province, was one of 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 



51 



the Friends who taught in Pennsylvania about the year 
1700. 

A number of schools were established and maintained by 
Monthly and Quarterly Meetings, some of which were known 
as "Select Schools." They did good work, but there was a 
feeling that greater good might be accomplished by having 
a large institution where advanced studies might be pursued. 

In 1790 Owen Biddle issued a tract entitled, "A Plan for 
a School on an Establishment Similar to That at Ack worth, 
in Yorkshire, Great Britain, varied to suit the Circum- 
stances of the Youth within the Limits of the Yearly 
Meeting for Pennsylvania and New Jersey: Introduced 
with the Sense of Friends in New England, on the sub- 
ject of Education; And an Account of some Schools in 
Great Britain, to which 
is added Observations 
and Remarks, Intended 
for the Consideration of 
Friends." The subject 
received much consider- 
ation, and, finally, a com- 
mittee of the Yearly 
Meeting purchased for 
£6,083 6s. 8d. ($10,222.22) 
a farm of over 600 acres, 
at Westtown, in Chester 
County, and erected large 
and substantial buildings 
thereon, where the since 
celebrated boarding-school was opened on the 6th of 5th 
month, 1799, with Richard and Catherine Ilartshorne as 
superintendent and matron. 




JOHN GRISCOM. 



52 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

By 1802 the total cost of the premises had reached 
$;46,020.19. This liad been the largest and most important 
school conducted by any Yearl}^ Meeting of Friends on 
either side of the Atlantic. 

From "The Life and Times of John Dickinson," by 
Charles J. Stille, LL.D., a valuable work just published, 
it appears that Governor Dickinson had much to do with 
the establishment of Westtown. In 1782 he made a 
liberal donation to the College of New Jersey. In 1783 
Dickinson College at Carlisle was incorporated, and was so 
named by charter "in memory of the great and important 
services rendered to his countr}^ by his Excellency John 
Dickinson, Esq., President of the Supreme Executive Coun- 
cil, and in commemoration of his very liberal donation to 
the institution." In 1786 Governor Dickinson and his 
wife gave to Wilmington Monthly Meeting of Friends £200 
to facilitate education of poor children and the children of 
those not in affluent circumstances, without any distinction 
of religious profession. But, to quote Dr. Stille, "The be- 
nevolent enterprise which at that time Mr. Dickinson and 
his wife had most at heart seems to have been the establish- 
ment of a free boarding-school under the care of Friends. 
In 1789 he offered to the Yearly Meeting of Friends in 
Philadelphia a considerable sum toward the endowment of 
a school under their care, in which the pupils should be 
instructed in the most advantageous branches of literature 
and in certain practical subjects. The Meeting for a long 
time hesitated to assume the trust. . . . His proposition 
led to a long correspondence. ... In 1794 the Yearly 
Meeting agreed to establish the school at Westtown, and 
the benefaction of Mr. Dickinson and his wife was trans- 
ferred to that body toward its support." When Haverford 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 53 

came to be founded, about forty years later, Governor 
Dickinson's daughter was among the largest subscribers to 
the stock. 

Friends of Baltimore Yearly Meeting felt a like interest 
with Friends elsewhere in the education of their children, but 
no definite action appears to have been taken by the Yearly 
Meeting until 1815, when a committee was appointed to 
take subscriptions for the establishment of a boarding- 
school. By the following year $25,000 had been subscribed, 
and in 1817 a farm of 358 acres near Sandy Spring Meeting 
House in Montgomery County, Md., was purchased, and 
work was at once begun to fit it for the object intended. 
In 1819 the school, known as Fair Hill Boarding-School, 
was opened with fourteen scholars. The number was in- 
creased in the following year to sixty. Samuel Thomas 
and wife were the first superintendents, and at one time 
Benjamin Hallowell, who subsequently prepared General 
Robert E. Lee in mathematics for West Point, was among 
the teachers. 

The school appears never to have been prosperous, and it 
was suspended in the year 1826 for the want of sufficient 
support. The property was subsequently rented to private 
parties for school purposes, and finally was sold and the 
proceeds devoted to the education of Friends' children. 

A committee of North Carolina Yearly Meeting reported 
in 1830 : " There is not a school in the limits of the Yearly 
Meeting that is under the care of a committee either of 
a Monthly or a Preparative Meeting. The teachers of 
Friends' children are mostly not members of our Society, 
and all the schools are in a mixed state ;" " which brought 
the meetings under exercise for a better plan of education." 
A committee was then appointed to prepare an address to 



54 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the subordinate meetings on the subject, and the result was 
the establishment of a few excellent Monthly Meeting 
Schools, and finally of a Yearly Meeting Boarding-School 
at New Garden, now Guilford College, in 1836-7. 

Friends west of the Alleghanies had not time to do much 
in the way of establishing schools before Haverford was 
founded. Ohio Yearly Meeting, however, had taken action 
by directing subscriptions to be taken for a Yearly Meeting 
Boarding-School, which resulted in the establishment of 
that at Mount Pleasant in 1836. 

Subordinate meetings had sustained a number of suc- 
cessful schools before that time. 

In addition to Dr. Fothergill and Lindley Murray, al- 
ready alluded to, Joseph Lancaster, with all his faults, had 
done much to promote education, and so had William 
Allen. The Society of Friends, moreover, had produced 
many men of distinction in various branches of science 
and letters; among whom were John and Peter Bartram, 
Peter Collinson, John Dalton, Dr. Thomas Young, Benjamin 
Robins, Richard and William Phillips, William Curtis, Dr. 
Lettsom, Luke Howard, William Darlington, Enoch Lewis, 
Bernard Barton, Thomas Say, the naturalist; Benjamin 
West, President of the Royal Academy; Amelia Opie, 
William and Mary Howitt, Anthony Purver, whose trans- 
lation of the Bible we value; John Woolman, whose pure 
writings have been used as a model of style at Harvard; 
and Goold Brown, the grammarian. Such a list, moreover, 
affords evidence in itself of the appreciation of education 
in the Society. 

The efforts of Friends to promote education, of which 
this brief narrative has been made, were largely directed 
toward fitting tlieir children "for business" and "for the 



EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 55 

ordinary duties of life." They resulted in little more than 
laying a good foundation for a more generous culture, into 
which comparatively few had opportunities for entering. A 
desire was gradually developed for better facilities for 
higher education than had yet been enjoyed. A need was 
felt for a culture of that broad, generous kind which 
develops the whole powers of a rational being, and qualifies 
him, so far as circumstances will allow of it, to act not in 
one sphere only, but wherever his talents and his situation 
in life may lead him. Friends saw that a good education 
must be broad, so that a man may carry with him some 
breadth into his subsequent career, and thus have a steady- 
ing, conserving, enlightening influence upon the com- 
munity around him. They saw that it should be the aim 
of such an education not so much to impart knowledge as 
to develop the power of acquiring it, to train the youth so 
as to enable him easily to grasp whatever special knowledge 
his future position in life might demand, and to teach him 
to observe, to think and to act. 

It is the object of this volume to record one of the 
important results of these desires. 



CHAPTER III. 
GENESIS, 18^0-33. 

O faithful worthies, resting far beliind 

In your dark ages, — since ye fell asleep 
Much has been done for truth and humankind.— Whittier. 

There seems to be no documentary evidence that the 
founding of Friends' Central School, afterward Haverford 
School, and Haverford College, was due to the great schism 
which, in 1827, rent asunder the Society of Friends in Amer- 
ica. It is rather a matter of rumor and circumstantial 
indication. But the coincidence of time points to that sup- 
position; and the discussions of the day in the Orthodox 
branch of the Society, which was agitated for some years 
after the separation, by a search for the causes of such a 
widespread and unexpected prevalence of Arianism within 
the body, give color to the same inference. Among the 
causes assigned was a lack of education, especially of a 
higher education, among Friends. The Bible Association 
of Friends took its rise about the same time, under a belief 
that sufficient attention had not been given to the reading 
of the sacred writings. Another product of the times was 
Tlie Friend, a Religious and Literary Journal, begun in 1827, 
published weekly, and at that time the only organ of Friends 
in America. The columns of The Friend, known in latter 
times, by double entendre, as the " Square Friend," reflected 
tlie thought of that wing of the original body which founded 
Haverford, and which was the wing recognized as the true or 

(56) 



GENESIS. 57 

parent body by the courts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 
In the columns of that journal during the years 1830 and 
1831 appeared a number of articles, evidently from able 
pens, on the subject of education, and about the same time a 
Friends' Academ}'^ on South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, 
under the care of the Overseers of Public Schools (repre- 
sented fifty years later by the Penn Charter School, adjoining 
Twelfth Street Meeting House), and a Friends' Select School 
on Orange Street in the same city, were advertised. At the 
Yearly Meeting of Friends, held in Philadelphia in the 4th 
month, 1830, a committee was appointed, consisting of five 
Friends from each Quarterly Meeting, to " enter fully into a 
consideration, in all its parts, of the deeply interesting subject 
of the right education of our youth." This committee made a 
report before the close of the meeting, signed on its behalf 
by Hinchman Haines and John Forsythe, which, aside from 
recommending that " the price for the board and tuition of 
children, members of our own Yearly Meeting, at the board- 
ing-school at West Town be reduced to sixty dollars per 
annum," dealt chiefly in generalities. It laid stress on the 
" great and discouraging difficulties on every hand," and 
stated that the " first and most important step toward the 
accomplishment of the great object " was that Friends should 
" dwell under a sense of its magnitude, and of their own re- 
sponsibility." There was therefore very little direct practi- 
cal result from this movement, and it merely goes to show, 
with the other indications, a general anxiety on the subject 
of education. The first of a series of earnest and ably- writ- 
ten papers on education, signed "Ascham,"had appeared 
in The Friend about a month before the Yearly Meeting. 
In the course of this, the writer said, " I wish to enable my 
readers to consider the state of education amongst us in 



58 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

connection with the sentiments of writers whose authority 
is now ahnost universally received. I do not hesitate to ex- 
press my conviction, that when the plans of instruction 
which now obtain among Friends are submitted to this test, 
and their results compared with the progress of society, the 
achievements of science, and the increased influence of let- 
ters, we shall be found to have made no advance in any 
wise commensurate with the advantages we have enjoyed, 
or with the responsibility which our standing in the com- 
munity imposes upon us." It is interesting to note tliat 
this writer states it as " an undeniable fact, that the progress 
which has been made during the last half century (preceding 
1830) in the different branches of knowledge has very far 
exceeded that of any other period of equal duration." 
Ascham's articles are outspoken in favor of a classical edu- 
cation, which another writer opposes as unchristian; tlie 
former comes boldly out for " enlarged and liberal systems 
of instruction in the Society of Friends," and says, " We must 
first make our youth perfect masters of the languages of an- 
tiquity, if we would have them to be familiar with the wis- 
dom of her authors." The last of "Ascham's Essays," five in 
number, appeared in The Friend of 5th month 22, 1830, and 
they appear to have struck a kej^-note, for in the following 
number but one of that journal was the subjoined notice, viz.: 
" Those Friends belonging to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
who are favorable to the establishment of a seminary for 
teaching Friends' children the higher branches of learning, 
are invited to attend a meeting, to be held at the committee- 
room in Mulberry Street Meeting House, on 6tli day, the 18th 
inst., at 3 o'clock in the afternoon." The communications 
to The Friend, from different pens, on the subject of educa- 
tion, continued to appear, evincing the warm interest that 



GENESIS. 59 

had been thoroughly aroused. In one of these, published 
on the 10th of 7th month, signed "H. G.," were the following 
telling passages : " Many of the early ministers in the So- 
ciety, whom we consider as the brightest ornaments of our 
church, were men that had received a liberal education ; 
and there is no doubt that, under the sanctifying power of 
Divine Grace, it contributed to enlarge the sphere of their 
usefulness, in religious as well as civil society. Barclay, 
Loe, Penn, Fisher, Penington, Claridge, Caton, El wood, 
Parnell, Camm and Burrough were all men of liberal edu- 
cation ; and the first four were bred at college. ... At 
no subsequent period has the Society been able to enroll 
amongst its ministers so large a number of men of liberal 
education and highly cultivated minds, as those who 
adorned its early days ; and I apprehend it will readily be 
admitted by all who are familiar with its history that, if 
we are to judge from the effects produced, the ministry has 
never been more pure, powerful and convincing, nor its tes- 
timonies and principles more faithfully maintained, than 
during that period of persecution and suffering." In the 
9th month appeared another paper, entitled " Schools," over 
the signature " E. G.," in which the writer " urges the fact 
on the calm and serious consideration of every unprejudiced 
mind, that the wants of our religious Society do imperiously 
require the establishment of a school for teaching young 
men and boys the higher branches of learning," adding, 
further on, " It is a fact which, though painful, ought to be 
known to our members, that many children of Friends are 
placed at the colleges of other religious societies, such as 
Yale, Princeton, Muhlenberg's on Long Island, and at the 
Roman Catholic College in Maryland. The latter has fre- 
quently had as many as six or eight at once." 



60 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Meanwhile, the ball had been set rolling, for the meeting 
called in Mulberry Street Meeting House had been duly 
held, and, through what agency does not appear, one had 
also been held in Henry Street Meeting House, New York, 
nearly a month earlier, and only two days after the notice 
of the Philadelphia meeting appeared in The Friend. The 
object of these conferences was identical, viz.: "To take 
into consideration the propriety of establishing a central 
school for the instruction of the children of Friends in the 
advanced branches of learning." There is every probabil- 
ity that the coincidence was not accidental, but that New 
York and Philadelphia Friends had prearranged this con- 
cert of action. The minute adopted at the Henry Street 
Meeting, which was held 5 mo. 24th, during the week of 
the New York Yearly Meeting, Samuel Parsons presiding 
as clerk, is interesting as elucidating the motives and ideas 
of Friends of that day with reference to the projected semi- 
nary. We, therefore, give it entire : 

"The important object, on account of which Friends have 
met, engaged the serious deliberation of the Meeting, 
which led to Friends imparting their views and feelings 
thereon; and it was the united sense of the meeting that, 
in order to preserve our youth from the contaminating in- 
fluences of the world, its spirit and its maxims, whilst 
receiving their education — and to keep this interesting class 
of the Society, its hope and promise, attached to the princi- 
ples and testimonies of Friends — a school be established in 
some central position, and to an extent adequate to the 
wants of Friends on this continent, in which a course of 
instruction ma}^ be given as extensive as in any literary 
institution in the country, plainness and simplicity of dress 
and de})ortment be strictly maintained and enforced, and 



GENESIS. 61 

the minds of the pupils be at the same time imbued with 
the principles of the Christian religion, as always main- 
tained by the Society of Friends, that they may be thus 
prepared under the Divine blessing to become religious 
men and useful citizens. It appeared to be the opinion of 
the Meeting that such an institution would be most useful 
under the supervision and management of the contribu- 
tors." 

They then appointed a committee, consisting of John 
Griscom, Thomas Cock, Samuel Parsons, William F. Mott, 
Mahlon Day, William Birdsall, Humphrey Howland and 
Asa B. Smith, "to meet with and compare with Friends of 
other parts of the United States on the subject, and to call 
a meeting in this city to report the result of their pro- 
ceedings." On the 18th of the following month the first 
meeting convened in Philadelphia, and appointed Thomas 
Kimber clerk. After noting the conclusion of the meeting 
in the sister city, Thomas Evans, Daniel B. Smith, Edward 
Bettle, Thomas Kimber, Isaac Collins, George Stewardson, 
Samuel R. Gummere, Isaiah Hacker, Uriah Hunt, Henry 
Cope, William Hodgson, Jr., and John Gummere, a com- 
mittee of rare ability and distinguished attainments, were 
named to unite with the New York committee and report 
to a future meeting. The scheme developed rapidly. A 
second meeting was held on the 7th of 7th month, and 
the committee came prepared with a draft of a constitution, 
which had already been submitted to the New York 
Friends and received their qualified, though not condi- 
tional, approval, a number of modifications being modestly 
proposed by them, which were rather summarily disposed 
of at the Philadelphia Meeting by the minute, "The alter- 
ations therein suggested, not being deemed suitable at the 



62 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

present time, are not adopted." Samuel Parsons, in trans- 
mitting these, had said, " We wish it to be clearly under- 
stood that these are merely suggestions, which are not to 
embarrass your proceedings, but to be passed over, unless 
any of them meet your views." They related to the mini- 
mum age of students, a minimum charge for board and 
tuition, a qualification of the preambular provision that 
the teachers were to be members of the Society of Friends, 
and one or two minor matters. The report and constitu- 
tion "were adopted, and recommended to the attention of 
Friends," and the whole subject referred back to the com- 
mittee for the purpose of taking measures — in conjunction 
with the Committee of Friends in New York — for procur- 
ing the contributions and support of Friends throughout 
the different Yearly Meetings. The report of the commit- 
tee to which we append their proposed draft of a constitu- 
tion was as follows, viz. : 

"To the committee appointed on behalf of Friends of 
Philadelphia Yearl}^ Meeting to digest and arrange a plan 
of a central school for the education of Friends' children 
in the higher branches of learning. 

"The sub-committee appointed at the meeting held on 
the 18th, report that they have met and examined the 
subject committed to them, and having had the company 
of Samuel Parsons, one of the committee appointed by the 
meeting of Friends in New York, have agreed to submit 
the following outline of a plan for accomplishing the very 
desirable objects in view. In proposing the sum of $40,000 
for the capital stock of the Association, the committee have 
supposed that fifty acres of land in the vicinity of Phila- 
delphia could be purchased for $8,000, and that the requisite 
building could be erected and furnished for $24,000, and 




DANIEL B. SN1ITH. 



GENESIS. 63 

they have allowed |8,000 for apparatus and library. Sup- 
posing that fifty scholars be obtained, their board and 
tuition will yield $10,000. The boarding of fifty boys is 
estimated to cost $90 each per annum, making $4,500; 
salary of Principal, $1,500 ; salary of two teachers, $2,000 ; 
amounting to $8,000, and leaving a profit of $2,000, which 
will be an interest of 5 per cent, on the capital invested. 
Whatever may be thought of these estimates the committee 
hope that the attention of Friends may not be diverted from 
the attainment of the principal objects in view by a differ- 
ence of sentiment respecting them. 

{Signed) — Daniel B. Smith, Edward Bettle, 
John Gummere, Samuel Gummere, 
Thomas Evans, Thomas Kimber. 

Philadelphia, 6 mo. 28, 1830." 

Friends of a later day, who have the light of subsequent 
events to turn a red light on these figures, may be forgiven 
a smile at their sanguine calculation ; but our predecessors, 
it is to be remembered, had a subscription paper to hand 
around as the sequel to their report, and must be pardoned 
the tempting form in which they were obliged to present 
an opportunity for investment. They were simply business 
men. Here followed the " Outlines of a Plan :" 

"Whereas, the members of the Society of Friends have 
hitherto laboured under very great disadvantages in obtain- 
ing for their children a guarded education in the higher 
branches of learning, combining the requisite literary in- 
struction with a religious care over the m^orals and manners 
of the scholars, enforcing plainness and simplicity of dress 
and deportment, training up the children in a knowledge 
of the testimonies of our Religious Society, and carefully 



64 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

preserving thein from the influence of corrupt principles 
and evil communications ; 

"It is therefore proposed that an institution be established 
in which the children of Friends shall receive a liberal 
education in ancient and modern literature and the mathe- 
matical and natural sciences, under the care of competent 
instructors of our own Society, so as not to endanger their 
religious principles or alienate them from their early at- 
tachments. 

" In order to carry the foregoing views into effect, the fol- 
lowing outlines of a plan are submitted, of which it is pro- 
posed that the third and fourth articles be the fundamental 
articles of association : 

" Article I. The Association shall be called ' The Contribu- 
tors to Friends' Central School.' 

" Art. II. The stock of the company shall consist of 400 
shares of one hundred dollars each, the contributors being 
at liberty to increase the stock by new subscriptions, if at 
any future period they shall deem it expedient. 

" Art. III. The contributors shall be members of the Re- 
ligious Society of Friends ; and certificates of stock shall be 
transferable to members of that Society only. 

"Art. IV. A person holding one share and less than three 
shares shall be entitled to one vote at the meetings of the 
contributors ; a person holding three shares and less than 
five shares shall be entitled to two votes; a person holding 
five shares and less than ten shares shall be entitled to three 
votes ; a person holding ten shares and less than twenty 
shares shall be entitled to four votes ; and a person holding 
twenty shares and upwards shall be entitled to five votes ; 
{)rovided, always, that no person shall be entitled to attend 
the meetings of the contributors, to vote by proxy, or other- 
wise to partake in the management or direction of the insti- 



GENESIS. 65 

tution unless he be at the time a member of the Religious 
Society of Friends. The votes may be given in person or 
by proxy. 

"Art. V. The contributors shall meet annually on the 

day of month, at which time a Clerk, Treasurer and 

Board of Managers shall be elected by ballot. 

"Art. VI. The affairs of the contributors shall be con- 
ducted by a Board of twenty-four Managers, in addition to 
the Clerk and Treasurer. 

"Art. VII. The institution shall be situated at a con- 
venient distance from Philadelphia. 

"Art. VIII. The full course of instruction in the school 
shall include English literature, mathematics, natural, in- 
tellectual and moral philosophy, the Greek and Latin lan- 
guages, ancient literature and natural history. Opportunity 
also to be afforded for instruction in the French, German, 
Spanish and other modern languages. 

"Art. IX. The course of instruction shall be conducted 
under the direction of the Managers, by a Principal and a 
sufficient number of teachers. 

" Art. X. No scholar shall be admitted to the school under 
the age of twelve years, nor without the approbation of the 
Managers, and having passed a satisfactory examination 
before the Principal and teachers as to his proficiency in 
the requisite preparatory studies. 

"Art. XI, Examinations for the admission of scholars 
shall be held twice in each year, and scholars shall not be 
admitted at intermediate times, nor for less than one year. 

"Art. XII. The full course of instruction shall consist of 
not less than four years. 

"Art. XIII. The price of boarding, washing and tuition, 
exclusive of modern languages, shall be $200 per annum.. 
5 



66 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

"Art. XIV. The domestic economy of the house shall be 
under the management of a steward and matron. 

"Art. XV. The scholars shall be Friends and the children 
of Friends. The children of contributors and those recom- 
mended by contributors shall have the preference when 
the school is full. 

"Art. XVI. The net profit of the school shall be divided 
among the contributors, provided it does not exceed five 
per cent, per annum on the capital stock. The surplus 
over this amount shall form a contingent fund, to be 
applied under the direction of the Managers, for the general 
benefit of the institution." 

It would, perhaps, be superfluous to say that the hope of 
profit on the stock was not realized, but that, on the con- 
trary, there was seldom a time in the history of the first sixty 
years when the school or college was not a severe drain 
on the private coff'ers of its friends to supply deficits and 
pay off debts. Very probably, however, the possibility of 
dividends implied in the sixteenth article of the plan facili- 
tated obtaining subscriptions to the stock. 

Clearly there was no intention at this time of making the 
institution a college. Not that the idea was excluded by 
the outline of a curriculum, for this was generic enough in 
its terms, and comprehensive enough, to render a college 
course possible within the limit of their meaning. But the 
minimum age of students was twelve years, and the Faculty 
to consist of a principal and two teachers at very moderate 
salaries, as stated in the committee's report, though not in 
the plan intended for publication. Teachers, moreover, as 
well as contributors, managers and pupils, were all to be 
members of the Society of Friends, and undoubtedly when 
the bitter controversy of 1827, with its animosities and 



GENESIS. 67 

prejudices, was still rankling in the minds of Friends of one 
branch of the Society, it was much more difficult than now, 
more impossible, if there are degrees of possibility, than 
now, even to find within the Society a supply of professors 
to keep the ranks of a Faculty full. Nothing more was the 
aim of its founders than a school of very high standing, 
and so it was called. 

The joint committee of members of New York and Phila- 
delphia Yearly Meetings, as soon as the summer heats were 
over, issued a circular, addressed to individual Friends, 
reciting the concern which la}'' at the root of the movement, 
sketching the proposed plan, and concluding with these 
words: "Although it is evident that, in order to raise so 
large a sum, a strong and united effort must be made by 
Friends favorable to education throughout the Society, we 
do not doubt of accomplishing a good of so great a magni- 
tude. We believe that if the present favorable opportunity 
be allowed to pass unimproved, many years will elapse 
before another effort can be successfully made for the pur- 
pose. We therefore solicit thy co-operation in promoting 
these views by thy own personal subscription, and thy 
influence among thy friends and acquaintance." 

Among the signatures to this circular appears the name 
of Goold Brown, the grammarian, apparently substituted 
for that of Mahlon Day, a much-esteemed Friend, whose 
sad fate, many years later, in 1854, as one of the lost on the 
steamship "Arctic," has attached a melancholy celebrity to 
his name. It is to be presumed that he declined to serve 
on the committee. Appended to the circular was a supple- 
ment, signed by nineteen other names of Friends in various 
parts of the Union, commending the movement as " highly 
deserving the favour and support of Friends." 



68 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

The appeal met with unexpected success. It was dated 
10th month, 1830, and so prompt was the response that 
when the first meeting of contributors was held on the 18th 
of the 11th month, the committee reported that more than 
the whole $40,000 had been subscribed. The names of 120 
Friends had been obtained, agreeing to take 435 shares, or 
$43,500 in amounts varying from one sha-re to twenty. 
Four Friends, viz. : Thomas P. Cope, Sally Norris Dickinson 
(daughter of Governor John Dickinson, author of the 
" Farmer's Letters "), and Elizabeth and Anna Guest, sub- 
scribed to twent}' shares each. It is a commentary on 
the current views at that day as to female education, that 
although three out of four of these largest contributors 
were women, there is no evidence that a thought entered 
any one's head tliat justice and expediency alike would 
have dictated the policy of according to girls, equally with 
boys, the benefit of the new foundation ; for it would prob- 
ably have doubled the number of students and saved the 
institution from its premature financial embarrassment. 
Of the remaining shareholders, six subscribed ten shares 
each, thirty-six five shares each, and the rest smaller 
amounts. The subscription was certainly very liberal and 
most encouraging to those who had assumed the burden 
of the new enterprise, and gave undeniable evidence of 
the deep hold which the subject had taken on the hearts 
of Friends. As was apparently expected, judging from the 
naming of a site convenient to Philadelphia, before an 
effort was made to obtain contributions, a large part of the 
money, about three-fourths of it, in point of fact, was sub- 
scribed by Philadelphia Friends, who, at that time, far 
exceeded their brethren of other Yearly Meetings, both in 
numbers and in worldly estate. So animated were the 



GENESIS. 69 

committee by the result of their labors that they recom- 
mended the contributors to increase the sum to be raised 
to $60,000; which was unanimously agreed to, more than 
forty of the contributors being present, and a committee was 
appointed to solicit further subscriptions. One of the com- 
mittee was Wm. Hodgson, Jr., afterward a leader in the 
secession from the Yearly Meeting of a small body known 
as the Olive Street Friends. 

Before the contributors adjourned at this time, they 
named two other committees, one consisting of Thomas C. 
James, Philip Garrett, Thomas Shipley, Henry Cope, Daniel 
B. Smith, Thomas Evans, Thomas Kimber, Samuel Settle, 
George Stewardson, Edward Bettle, Benjamin Jones, Isaac 
Collins, Bartholomew Wistar, Samuel B. Morris, John 
Gummere, Charles Yarnall, Thomas Cock, Joseph King, 
Jr., William F. Mott and Daniel Cobb, " to draft a constitu- 
tion for the government of the company ;" a rather cumber- 
some committee, and one would think a smaller one would 
be more useful; but it is interesting, because there is hardly 
a man of them whose name is not represented in connection 
with the college in succeeding generations. The other com- 
mittee was " to look out for a suitable situation for the> loca- 
tion of the school," and this proved no easy matter. It was 
composed of Isaac Davis, Lindzey Nicholson, Thomas C. 
James, Samuel Bettle, Israel Cope, Thomas P. Cope and 
George Williams. 

The meeting then adjourned to assemble again on the 
ninth of the next month, at seven in the evening, at the 
committee room in Mulberry Street Meeting House ; at 
which time forty-eight contributors attended, evincing the 
continued interest felt in the enterprise by the little sect 
for whose good it was originated. On this occasion a draft 



70 HISTORY OF PIAYEEFORD COLLEGE. 

of a constitution was produced, amended and adopted; and 
a committee, consisting of Tiiomas C. James, Thomas P. 
Cope, Isaac Collins, Philip Garrett and Thomas Shipley, 
was appointed to " apply to the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania, at such time as they may think expedient, for an act 
of incorporation for this Association, predicated on the Con- 
stitution which has now been adopted." 

As the two committees have undertaken tasks that will 
consume much time — more than might have been antici- 
pated, indeed — let us here digress a little, and revert to the 
somewhat questionable plan adopted by the committee, of 
holding out the inducement of a dividend for the purpose 
of obtaining subscriptions to the stock of the Association. 
No business man, certainly, would make an investment on 
the basis of their estimate, expecting a dividend on a bare 
five per cent, margin of gross profit without an allowance of 
one dollar for required improvements, depreciation in 
values, unexpected contingencies, or even ordinary repairs. 
It is hardly conceivable that the committee expected it 
themselves. Yet there is scarcely a doubt that money was 
subscribed by people little able to spare it as a donation, in 
the vague hope of dividends. The case is fairly stated by 
President Samuel J. Gum mere in an address before the 
Haverford Loganian Society, delivered 10th mo. 6, 1865. He 
says, " The want of such an establishment was not felt with 
sufficient force by that class whose interests in regard to the 
education of their sons it was designed to serve, to make it 
an easy matter to procure at once the requisite amount of 
funds. Indeed, it was deemed necessary to present tlie project 
in the light of a profitable adventure, and to solicit subscrip- 
tions not merely as contributions to the cause of learning 
and moralit}-, but as investments in a safe and dividend- 



GENESIS. 71 

paying stock. The fact, however, soon became evident that 
so far from being a source of profit to the stockholders, the 
institution would not even be self-sustaining; and as it was 
idle to look for legacies or donations while the dividend- 
paying feature was retained, an effort was soon made, which 
in most cases was successful, to induce the holders of stock 
to sign away all claim to any surplus that might accrue, in 
order that such surplus should always be devoted to the 
procuring of additional facilities for imparting sound and 
liberal instruction. In a few instances, I think, those un- 
willing thus to bind themselves found purchasers for their 
stock at its par value, though I know of at least one original 
subscriber who is still in the habit of inquiring ' what the 
prospect is for a dividend f ' " Little came from the effort to in- 
crease the capital stock from $40,000 to $60,000 until about 
four years later, when financial distress drove the Managers 
to a resolute effort to accomplish the increase. 

Those who subscribed from philanthropic motives, no 
doubt, felt that the success of the project was assured, while 
those whose sanguine temperament led them to flatter them- 
selves that they were making a dividend-paying investment 
soon began to realize their mistake, and closed their porte- 
monnaies. We consequently learn little more of any further 
additions to the stock subscription at this time, and, indeed, 
the history of the next three years throws scarcely a ray of 
light on the subject. In their annual report for 1834, the 
Managers stated that their expenditures amounted to $62,000, 
while their total resources did not exceed $45,000, or very 
little more than was reported one month after the issue of 
the first circular. This was a crisis " of peculiar anxiety on 
the part of the Managers," thus " deeply involved in debt," 
and they set to work to retrieve their fortunes by obtaining 



72 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the additional subscription to the capital stock, for some 
3^ears contemplated ; and such was the liberality again 
manifested that in 1836 they were able to report that the 
whole amount of stock subscribed was -$64,300. 

Meanwhile, the committee which had been appointed to 
select a site for the new institution were busily at work and 
found it no easy matter. It was not until about eighteen 
months after the first meeting, and a year after the success 
of the appeal was assured, that a property was actually 
bought. There are indications of divergent sentiment as to 
where the school should be placed, which increased the 
delay. We cannot better describe the situation than by 
transcribing a letter from Thomas P. Cope to Samuel Par- 
sons, in the midst of the controversy. 

In the interval between the last meeting, which we have 
recorded and the writing of this letter, occurred, on the 30th 
of 12th mo., 1830, another meeting of the corporation, and 
one of much importance; for the first organization was 
then formed for the management of the institution, and it 
is the same in form which has been followed ever since. 
This organization consisted of a Secretary, who was more 
properly clerk or presiding officer (after the manner of 
Friends in those days, even at business meetings); a Treas- 
urer, and twenty-four Managers, to wit: Secretary, Henry 
Cope; Treasurer, Benjamin H. Warder; Managers, Samuel 
Bettle, Thomas P. Cope, Thomas C. James, John Paul, 
Isaac Davis, Abraham L. Pennock, John G. Hoskins, 
Thomas Evans, Daniel B. Smith, Thomas Kimber, Charles 
Yarnall, George Stewardson, Isaac Collins, Samuel B.Morris, 
Bartholomew Wistar, John Gummere, Thomas Cock, Sam- 
uel Parsons, Lindley Murray, Samuel F. Mott, John Griscom, 
Gerard T. Hopkins, Joseph King, Jr., and Benjamin W. 
Ladd. 



GENESIS. 73 

The new Managers were authorized to select a site and 
purchase the ground for the school, thus superseding the 
committee of the corporation, which, until then, had been 
under appointment for that purpose; they were also em- 
powered to contract for and superintend the erection of the 
necessary buildings. It was six months later that Thomas 
P. Cope, who appears to have been prominent on both com- 
mittees, wrote the letter to Samuel Parsons, of New York, 
to which we have alluded. He writes, under date of 6 mo. 
29th, 1831 : 

" Dear Friend — Thy acceptable favor of the 24th reached 
me next day, and would have received an immediate ac- 
knowledgment, but as the Board was to convene that 
evening, I hoped by waiting a few hours to have it in my 
power to communicate something more decisive on the 
subject of an election. There was a bare quorum present, 
owing, in part, to the absence of several from the city ; and 
the assembled members concluded to adjourn until Third 
day evening, and to cause notices to be served on those 
who were not present, that the Board would then consider 
the subject of a site. 

" I much regret what has taken place, and more especially 
do I lament that differences on this matter have arisen among 
us. Whether there is, as thou hast heard, a majority for 
Burlington, and only five or six opposed to it, will be mani- 
fested by the result. I have not scanned opinions, nor 
electioneered to carry a favorite measure, and I cannot, 
consequently, say whether a majority may or may not 
have committed themselves; but, be that as it may, I am 
persuaded the school cannot be fixed there, in that unity 
which ought to govern in the case, and which, in my appre- 
hension, is essential to the success of the undertaking. I 
have always supposed that we want, in the first place, a 
healthy situation — not one which may be so occasionally, 
but which has acquired a long-established reputation for 



74 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

salubrity — and even the neighborhood free of malaria — may 
I add, both moral and physical ; that it should be, secondly, 
near enough to the city to admit of easy and daily access ; 
and, thirdly, that it must be in the immediate vicinity of a 
Meeting for worship, and a respectable body of Friends. 
These I have supposed essential to any location, to which 
should be added enough land to constitute a respectable 
farm, so that whenever Friends are prepared for it the Fel- 
lenberg system may be tried and an extensive botanical 
garden be established. 

"If these ends can be attained I shall be content; and I 
have made up my mind that I will cheerfully yield my 
own predilections to the settled judgment of the body 
"wherever fairly expressed. I also, at the same time, am 
free to say that I know of no situation within our com- 
mand which combines so many of these advantages as that 
owned by Thomas Thomas, in Upper Darby. It was not 
my original choice; but when it was suggested on all hands, 
as a sine quel non, that the school must be near a Friends' 
Meeting, it decided me, after much reflection, in its favor. 
It may not be all that we desire, yet I am induced to think 
favorably of it, because I know of no other equal to it — 
no other within a reasonable distance of it, near to which 
there is so respectable a body of Friends, unless in some 
village, and to all such villages objections are urged. Be- 
sides, the neighborhood is considered to be exemplary for 
its moralit}''. The situation is high and healthy, and the 
soil productive. No running stream passes through it, but 
it is abundantly supplied with springs of excellent water. 

" The farm called ' Willing's,' one of those we visited 
when thou wast here, is said to be surrounded by a popula- 
tion not remarkable for sobriety ; and the nearest bod}^ of 
Friends are those of Darby Meeting. To have a meeting of 
Friends there, would, in the present state of things, be im- 
practicable. The place known as ' Capt. Kiley's ' which, 
thou mayest recollect, we also visited, is badl}' watered, and 
in poor condition. Part of it is also flat and swampy, and 



GENESIS. 75 

there is but little wood on it. After saying so much I may 
be permitted to add, that if rumors have reached you so 
have rumors reached us ; and among them, that Dr. Cock, 
S. F. Mott and thyself disapprove T. Thomas's place. If 
that be true, why I shall have only shown my folly in tell- 
ing thee of my preference for it. Having written thus 
much, I have concluded to wait the decision of Third day 
evening before I finally close. 

" 29th. — We have had our meeting, our consultation and 
debate, but have made no choice of a seat for the school. 
Burlington was not named ; Willing's farm had one, perhaps 
two advocates ; T. Thomas's had a large majority in its favor; 
but, as three or four Friends opposed that location, its 
advocates would not press it; and after adding three 
persons to the committee, previously consisting of five, we 
adjourned. 

" We must now do as James Coburn used often to tell us 
in his preaching, ' exercise our situation.' May we be 
favored to dwell in everlasting patience, and perhaps all 
may yet end right. 

Very truly and affectionately thine, 

Thomas P. Cope." 

Little more has reached the historian as to this difficult 
quest, until, as appears from a second letter, which, haply, 
and happily for this history, as in the case of the one above, 
fate has rescued from the flames, the search was crowned 
with a happy result in the unanimous choice of the ground 
upon which the college stands. This letter was addressed 
by Daniel B. Smith to Richard Mott, on the 24th of the 
11th month, 1831, about six months, therefore, after the 
above. The first part of the letter treated of another sub- 
ject. He thus continues : 

" I am thy debtor for a long and interesting letter, 
received from thee in the early part of the present year, 



76 HISTORY OF HAVEEFORD COLLEGE, 

on the subject of the Central School. The difficulties of 
finding a site that pleased all parties have at length 
been overcome, and a farm purchased which even I, 
who was so bent upon going to Burlington, think an ad- 
mirable location. Samuel Parsons can give thee a much 
better description of it than I am able to, and I shall, there- 
fore, refer thee to him for the particulars. We shall pro- 
ceed at once with the preparations for the building, and I 
hope to see the institution opened in a year from this time. 
The views expressed in thy letter will, I trust, govern, or, at 
least, influence the managers; and in order to carry them 
into effect, a principal means must be the proper kind of 
head for the institution. A man not occupied with the 
drudgery of teaching or farming, having the charge of the 
boys in the intervals of study, and representing the institu- 
tion to visitors, should be procured. He must be a gentle- 
man in his manners, endued with habits of order and 
method, affable and companionable, religious, grave, yet 
cheerful. If such a man, of high standing among his 
friends, should feel it to be his religious duty to the opening 
of an institution so important in its consequences to our 
Society, would it not be almost a guarantee of its success ? 
If thou shouldst know of such a one, whisper in his ear a 
message from me, that the monitions of the 

" Stern daughter of the voice of God " 

are never to be disregarded with safety. 

Thy affectionate friend, 

Daniel B. Smith." 

" Further deponent saith not ;" as to differences, love 
seems to have prevailed in the midst of and over them all, 
and they were completely healed. The first annual report 
of the Managers to the contributors was made on the 19th 
of the 12th month, 1831, and refers to this subject as 
follows: " Immediately after their appointment a committee 
was charged with the care of procuring a suitable farm for 



GENESIS. 77 

locating the school. This committee diligentl}^ attended 
to their duty, and examined every place offered for sale 
within ten miles of the city, that was at all likely to 
answer the purpose. The difficulties in the way of our 
being suited were, however, great, and seemed for many 
months insuperable. . . . The only farm which united 
the suffrages of the whole Board, is a farm which has 
recently been offered to us, and which we have since pur- 
chased for the sum of $17,865. It is an oblong tract of 
198| acres, lying on both sides of the Haverford Road, near 
the ten-mile stone, and extending from that road to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, being nearly south of the eight-mile 
stone on the Lancaster Turnpike. There are about twenty 
acres of woodland, distributed in small groves, well adapted 
for ornamental cultivation. The soil is a light sandy loam, 
easily cultivated, and a part is in very good condition. It 
is well watered. A narrow strip of land, nearly the whole 
breadth of the farm, lies on the southwest side of the Haver- 
ford Road. Mill Brook, a branch of Cobb's Creek, runs 
through this part of the tract, being the boundary line 
along a part of it, and, passing through our land the 
remainder of the distance, in which there is a fall of 
seven feet nine inches. A small branch of Cobb's Creek 
passes through the eastern section of the land, and is an 
unfailing stream with a fall of thirteen feet. There is 
water power on either of these streams, it is thought, suf- 
ficient to raise water to the highest spot on the farm. 
There are, in addition, two fine springs of water. There is 
also a quarry of good building-stone. The grounds have a 
slope to the south and southeast, and leave little to be 
desired on the score of beautiful scenery, or eligibility for 
building. The Pennsylvania Railroad passes along the 



78 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

northern boundary of the pl&ce, and cuts off a small portion 
of it. Haverford Meeting is held on an adjoining farm, 
and is a branch of Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting." The 
Managers then apologize for making a larger purchase 
than had been intended ; state that " they have authorized 
contracts to be made for quarrying stone and cutting 
timber for the building, which it is intended to commence 
with the first opening of spring;" promise " a wise liberality " 
in the plan for the building, and reiterate as " the great 
and fundamental principle of our Association — an educa- 
tion in strict conformity with the doctrines and testimonies 
of our Religious Society ;" and, lastly, appeal once more for 
the increase of the capital stock to $60,000. 

We shall have occasion to refer again to the continual 
stress laid by the early Managers upon compliance with the 
doctrines and testimonies of the Society of Friends, which 
seem to have been construed in a remarkably rigid sense. 

It will be observed that the farm actually purchased was 
not that of Thos. Thomas, in Upper Darby, upon which a 
large majority of the Board had united their votes at their 
meeting in the 6th mo. previous, but that, in deference to the 
minority, that property was abandoned in favor of one owned 
by Rees Thomas in Haverford township. The records of the 
Board are innocent of any reference to differences of opinion, 
and merely refer in the barest way to the final conclusion of a 
desirable purchase. We are left entirely in the dark as to 
the grounds of this variation of opinion, but the outcome 
of it all was good ; for the Managers did not overstate the 
beauty or the advantages of the new location, and very 
probably these surpassed those of any of the competing 
" plantations," as they are called in the old title-deeds. In 
the midst of a pastoral country, smiling with abundance, 



GENESIS. 



79 



and on a ridge commanding distant glimpses from the tree- 
tops and house-tops, the land on the one hand descends in 
deep and shadowy ravines to the beautiful valley of the 
Schuylkill ; while, on the other, the Delaware winds like a 
white silken thread, doubled and twisted in the emerald 
woof around it. Few dells are more charming than the 
bosky dell of Mill Creek, and few landscapes more pleasing 




SCENE ON MILL CREEK. 



to the eye than the broad and diversified view from Pros- 
pect Hill, bounded by the blue mountains of the Pennsyl- 
vania Berks. The farm was well selected for increase of 
value, for the Pennsylvania Railroad ran past its gates, 
and the first half century enhanced its worth two thousand 
per cent. Historically it was interesting, being a part of 
the Welsh tract of 40,000 acres ceded by William Penn to 



80 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

certain ancient Britons, and near the venerable Merion 
Meeting House where our Welsh ancestors worshipped. A 
cop3^ of the original deed, by which the proprietor conveyed 
the tract of which this is a part to Richard Davies, is pre- 
served among the archives of the corporation, and may 
be interesting to our readers, in spite of its legal verbiage. 
It is as follows : 

" This indenture, made the 17th day of June, one thou- 
sand six hundred and eighty and two, and in the CCCiiii 
year of the reign of King Charles the Second, over England, 
etc., between William Penn of Worminghurst in the County 
of Sussex, Esquire, of the one part, and Richard Davies of 
Welchpooler, in the County of Montgomery, Gent, of the 
other part. Whereas, King Charles the Second, by his 
letters patent, under the great seal of England, bearing date 
the fourth day of March, in three and thirtieth year of his 
reign, for the consideration therein mentioned, hath given 
and created to the said William Penn his heirs and assigns, 
all that tract or parcel of land in America, with the islands 
therein contained and thereunto belonging as the same is 
bounded on the East by Delaware River, from twelve miles 
distant North of Newcastle town to the three and fortieth 
degree of Northern Latitude, and extendeth Westward five 
degrees in Longitude, and is bounded South by a circle 
drawn at twelve miles distance from Newcastle aforesaid 
Northwards and Westwards to the beginning of the fortieth 
degree of Northern Latitude, and then by a straight line 
Westward to the limit of Longitude above mentioned, to- 
gether with divers great powers, pre-eminences, authorities, 
royalties, franchises and immunities, and hath created the 
said tract of land into a province or signiory by the name 
of Pennsilvania, in order to the establishment of a colony 



GENESIS. 81 

and plantacon in the same, and hath thereby alsoe further 
granted to the said William Penn his heirs and assigns 
from time to time power and licence to assign, aline, grant, 
demise or enfeoff such parts and parcels of the said province 
or tract of land as hee or they shall think fitt to such per- 
son or persons as shall be willing to purchase the same 
in fee simple fee tayle or for term of life or years to be 
holden of the said William Penn his heirs and assigns as of 
the signiory of Windsor, by such services, customs, and 
rents as shall seem fitt to the said William Penn, his heirs 
and assigns, and not immediately of the said King, his 
heirs and successors, notwithstanding the statute of Quia 
Emptores terrarum, made in the reign of King Edward the 
First. Now this indenture witnesseth that the said William 
Penn as well for and in consideration of the sum of twenty- 
five pounds sterling money to him in hand paid by the said 
Richard Davies, the receipt whereof he the said William 
Penn doth hereby acknowledge, and thereof and for every 
part thereof doth acquit and discharge the said Richard 
Davies his Executors and Administrators as of the rents 
and services hereinafter reserved, hath alined, granted, 
bargained, sold, released and confirmed, and by these pres- 
ents doth alien, grant, bargain, sell, release and confirm 
unto the said Richard Davies in his actual possession (now 
being by virtue of a bargain and sale to him thereof made 
for one whole year by indenture bearing date the day next 
before the date of these presents, and by force of the statute 
for transferring of uses into possession) and to his heirs and 
assigns the full and just proporcon and quantity of one 
thousand two hundred and fifty acres of land (every 
acre to be admeasured and computed according to the 
dimencons of acres menconed and appointed in and by 
6 



82 HISTORY OF HAVEEFOED COLLEGE. 

the statute made in the three and thirtieth year of the reign 
of King Edward the first) scituate, lying and being within 
the said tract of land, or province of Pennsylvania, the 
1,250 acres to be alloted and sett out in such places or parts 
of ye said tract or province and in such manner and at such 
time or times, as by certain concessions or constitucons 
bearing date the 11th day of July last past, and signed, 
sealed and executed by and between the said William Penn 
on the one part, and the said Richard Davis and other pur- 
chasers of land within the said tract or province, of the 
other part, as agreed, limited and appointed, or hereafter to 
be signed, sealed and executed by and between the said 
parties, shall be agreed, limited and appointed. And also, 
all the estate, right, title and interest of him, the said Wil- 
liam Penn, of, in and to the said 1,250 acres. To have and 
to hold the said 1,250 acres and every part and parcel of the 
same to him the said Richard Davis, his heirs and assigns 
forever to be liolden in free and common socage of him the 
said William Penn, his heirs and assigns as of the said 
signory of Windsor, yielding and paying therefore unto the 
said William Penn, his heirs and assigns the chiefe or quit 
rent of one shilling for every hundred acres of the said 
1,250 acres att or upon the first day of March forever in lieu 
and stead of all services and demands whatsoever, and the 
said William Penn for himself, his heirs and assigns, doth 
covenant and agree to and with the said Richard Davis, his 
heirs and assigns in manner and folloAving, that is to sa}', 
that he, the said William Penn, his heirs and assigns shall 
and will, by and before such time or times as for that pur- 
pose are limited and appointed in and by such constitution 
or concessions made or hereafter to be made as aforesaid, 
clear, aquit and discharge the said 1,250 acres soe to be sett 



GENESIS. 83 

out as shall be therein appointed, and every part of the 
same of and from all manner of tytles and claymes of any 
Indian or native of the said tract or province, and also that 
he, the said Richard Davis, his heirs and assigns, shall and 
may quietly and peaceably have, hold and enjoy the said 
1,250 acres and every part thereof according to the true in- 
tent and meaning of these presents, without the least dis- 
turbance or interruption of him, the said William Penn, his 
heirs or assigns, or any other person or persons whatsoever, 
claiming or to claim from by or under him or any of them,, 
and further that he, the said William Penn, his heirs or 
assigns, shall and will, from time to time, make, do and 
execute all such further and other act and acts, thing and 
things, conveyances and assurances whatsoever, as by or in 
pursuance of, or according to the true intent or meaning of 
such concessions or constitutions so made or to be made as 
aforesaid, shall be agreed and appointed for the better con- 
veying and assuring of the said 1,250 acres to him, the said 
Richard Davis, and his heirs, to the use of him and his 
heirs. And lastly, it is the true intent and meaning of all 
the parties to these presents for the better preserving and 
securing the title of the said 1,250 acres, and the said 
Richard Davis doth, for himself, his heirs and assigns, 
covenant, promise and agree to and with the said William 
Penn, his heirs and assigns that he, the said Richard Davis, 
his heirs and assigns, within six months after such time as 
a Public Register shall be appointed and settled within the 
said tract or province, shall and will cause and procure 
these presents or sufficient memorandums of the same to be 
entered and inroUed in the said Register in such manner 
and sort as shall be for that purpose ordained and appointed. 
In witness whereof the said parties to these presents have to 



84 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

these present indentures interchangeably sett their hands 

and seals dated the day and year first above written. 

Wm. Penn. 

Sealed and delivered in 

the presence of 

Benj. Griffith, 

Tho. Coxe. 

Recorded ye 30th 5^°., 1684." 

Then follows William Penn's receipt for £25, " being for 
the purchase of 1,250 acres of land in Pennsylvania," dated 
the 17th day of June, A.D. 1682, " annoque P. P. Car. Sed. 
Anglia, &c., CCCIIIL" 

This indenture is curious and interesting for several 
reasons ; the singularity of its phraseology and orthog- 
raphy, intermingled with phrases and expressions, ver- 
biage, perhaps, it may be called, the use of which has 
reached the present day unaltered ; the light it throws upon 
the character of William Penn's tenure of Pennsylvania, in 
its relation to the Crown, as a seigniory, and the nature of 
his transfers, subject to payment of a yearly quit-rent of one 
shilling per 100 acres forever, " in lieu of all services and 
demands ; " the reference to the definition of an acre by 
statute of King Edward I ; its guarantee against all Indian 
" claymes and tytles ; " and lastly, the provision, thus early, 
for that invaluable registry of deeds to real estate, which 
has so facilitated transfers of real property in the province 
to this day. 

Changes of ownership occurred rapidly. We find next 
that on the 19th of August, " in the second year of the 
reign of our Sovereign Lord, James 2d, the King of Eng- 
land, and in the year of our Lord God one thousand six 
hundred and eighty six," Richard Davis, of Welchpool, 



GENESIS. 85 

deeded 410 acres of this land to Thos. Ellis, yeoman ; 
Francis Howell, yeoman ; Morgan David, husbandman ; 
Francis Lloyd, shoemaker; and James Thomas, yeoman. 
The consideration paid to William Penn in 1682 was about 
ten cents of our money per acre, and one shilling sterling 
per annum. This sale was made for £32 15s. lawful money 
of England, or about 40 cents per acre, subject presumably 
to the same ground-rent. The next deed which appears is 
dated the 25th day of the Twelfth Month (the numeral 
name of the month being here used for the first time), 1703. 
"Ellis Ellis, of the township of Haverford, in the county of 
Chester, yeoman, son and heir of Thomas Ellis, of the town- 
ship and county aforesaid, yeoman, deceased, to all people 
to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting. 
Know ye that the said Ellis Ellis, as well for and in con- 
sideration of the Naturall love which he hath and Beareth 
unto Robert Wharton of the township aforesaid, cordwainer, 
and Rachel, his wife, being the natural daughter of the said 
Thomas Ellis, as for the consideration of the sum of fifty 
shillings current silver money of Pennsylvania, Hath given, 
granted, etc.," 255 acres of Thomas Ellis' land, in accord- 
ance with his last Will and Testament. 

But it is not needful for us to trace the ownership through 
the various hands into and out of which it has successively 
passed. No metes and bounds are given in any of the 
deeds hitherto cited. But there is a "patent" to Thomas 
Ellis and Company (presumably the same Thomas Ellis as 
above), for 791 acres, which recites a most elaborate and 
devious boundary, and this recital has, no doubt, been an 
important contribution to the identification of the links in 
the chain of title. It is true the marks were almost all of a 
variable or perishable kind — " a corner tree," " the courses of 



86 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



Mill Creek," "a lyne of trees," etc.; but one or two names are 
given of the owners of neighboring land, and these furnish 
a valuable clue to the location of the tract described in the 
patent. Few traces remain, two centuries later, of the out- 
ward landmarks of that day. The " temporal " things, 
which "are seen," have passed away. The "things which 
are not seen," the names of people and places, remain to re- 
call the past; Merion, Radnor, Haverford, Llewellyn, Morris, 
Owen, Reese, and a host of other names bear record to the 
origin of this settlement in the ancient principality from 
which the heir to the throne of Britain derives his title. A 
few of the old milestones have outlived the wrecks of Time, 
bearing the legendary three balls which characterized 
William Penn's coat-of-arms, when the weather had worn 
away all details of its inscription. The old Merion Meeting 

House, in spite of resto- 
rations and renovations, 
survives to remind us of 
the reign of our Sover- 
eign Lord, King Charles. 
A few small leaded win- 
dow-panes, the genuine 
product of the sixteen 
hundreds, and not mere 
imitations thereof, tell 
the simple tale of two 
centuries; but aside from 
these, little, as we have 
said, remains but ghostly 
names. But the beauti- 
ful contour of the hills is there yet. The blue of distance 
is the same as then. The streams may be less brimming 




TMOJIAS p. COPE. 



GENESIS. .87 

and less mossy, but are charming still ; and if the shade of 
Rees Thomas or Ellis Ellis were to revisit the ancient 
scene, it may be that his acres would be as recognizable 
as the wheat-field at Gettysburg is to-day to the veteran 
who survived the terrors of that bloody field, and more so 
than Bellamy's Boston of A.D. 2000 will be to the Adamses 
and Quincys of 1890. 

But we must resume our narrative. Lovely as the 
environment was, it was only, for our purposes, a fair 
body without the soul, until it became the home of in- 
tellect, and was vitalized by an active organization, filled 
with the lofty purpose of evoking the mental powers of our 
youth, and at the same time sweetening a life of mental 
activity in the outward world with goodness and the 
gracious influences of a pure religion. 

As yet the organization was not completed by an act of 
incorporation, and this was to be the preliminary to any 
inception of the actual work of education. 

We have seen that, on the last day but one of 1830, the 
first Board of Managers was chosen, and that they appointed 
two committees, one of which was charged with procuring a 
charter. Let us now turn to this effort in the course of 
which, as in the procuring of a site, unexpected obstacles 
appeared. In this, as in the other matter, the same inde- 
fatigable manager is our principal chronicler. On the 15th 
day of the 1st month, 1831, or about a fortnight after the 
first Board was elected, Thos. P. Cope wrote as follows to 
Wm. Boyd, a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania: 

" I forwarded, by the mail of yesterday, to Jesse R. Burden, of 
the Senate, a memorial, signed by myself and others, on be- 
half of the ' Friends' Central School Association,' soliciting a 
charter. The religious Society, of which I am a member. 



88 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

have long and deepl}^ felt the necessity of a school in which 
their youth might receive a liberal education. With the view 
of accomplishing this object, a number of us have associated, 
and voluntarily subscribed a considerable sum, intending 
to purchase a farm in the vicinity of this city, and to 
erect thereon suitable buildings for teachers, pupils, etc. 
We have no ambitious views, and confine ourselves to a 
capital of |60,000, of which between $40,000 and $50,000 
have already been contributed. We wish our boys not 
merely to acquire a lettered education, but to be taught 
husbandry and other useful branches of domestic industry. 
Some debts must, of course, be contracted, and responsi- 
bilities incurred. Hence the utility of a charter, that each 
subscriber may know, and estimate the extent of his 
liabilities, and that all who enter into contracts with the 
Association may have a speedy remedy for the recovery of 
their dues. 

" Now, should this scheme meet thy approbation (and I 
cannot doubt that it will), I claim thy good services in pro- 
moting the speedy passage of a law in our favor. Charles 
J. IngersoU will present our memorial to the House of Rep- 
resentatives, and he is furnished with a bill prepared for us 
by Charles Chauncey, Esq. 

" Believe me to be, as ever, th}^ friend, 

"Thomas P. Cope. 

" To William Boyd, Esq" 

Ten days later he again writes to the same Assembly- 
man : " To-day I have a letter from C. J. IngersoU, of the 
House of Representatives, containing the unwelcome intel- 
ligence that the Committee on Charters had agreed to report 
against our application. ... I am convinced that our 
views and motives are not well understood, or that other 
reasons than such as have been assigned occasion mistrust 
towards us. It is alleged against us, for instance, that the 
confinement of our views to one religious denomination is 



GENESIS. 89 

repugnant to the feelings which prevail in the Legisla- 
ture. But why should it be? Is not every charter granted 
to a religious congregation obnoxious to the same excep- 
tion ? We support our own poor, and educate our own 
children, at our own expense. Why not, then, give us a 
charter to protect us from the interference of others in our 
exclusive concerns ? We interfere with nobody, and volun- 
tarily and readily join our fellow-citizens in raising funds 
for the support and instruction of the common dependents 
on public bounty. We ask no aid from any other denomi- 
nation, and ask none from the public purse. Now what 
possible burden or injury can a charter, granted to us, 
inflict on any one else ? " 

A letter which he addressed on the same day to Jesse 
R. Burden, of the Senate, reveals the fact that stress was 
then laid on a feature of the institution that has since 
been abandoned — that is, the limitation of students to the 
sons of Friends. He writes: "The feature in our bill, 
which confines the operations of the Association to members 
of the religious Society of Friends, should, I think, be con- 
clusive evidence that we have no desire to make proselytes, 
or to interfere in the education of children belonging to 
other sects," and he refers later, obscurely, to some dispute 
in which Senator Burden appears to have feared the 
passage of this act might embroil the Legislature. " Nor 
can it," he says, " by any necessary consequence, involve 
the Legislature in the unhappy dispute alluded to. It 
would seem to me, that to connect the pending question 
with that controversy would be to travel quite out of the 
record." On the 4th day of the 2d month, T. P. Cope 
renews the argument with Senator Burden thus : " It has 
been objected to the Roman Catholics, that Protestant 



90 HISTORY OF HAVERFOKD COLLEGE. 

children, admitted into their seminaries, have, in conse- 
quence of the course of instruction pursued in them, and 
the influence of the priests on their tender and undis- 
ciplined minds, been converted to the Catholic faith. The 
Presbyterians have been accused of similar practices, am- 
bitiously striving, by their plans of school instruction, to 
bring over to their peculiar doctrines the offspring of 
other Christian professors. I do not allege these accusa- 
tions, nor vouch for their correctness, but I may be excused 
for asserting that we, at least, meditate no such con- 
trivances, and have, in our bill, effectually cut ourselves off 
from the exercise of them, in expressly excluding the 
children of other denominations from an entrance into 
our institution." 

It soon became evident that insidious efforts were on foot 
to defeat the school bill. The Legislature blew hot and 
cold. C. J. Ingersoll wrote: "The objection to the Sunday 
School Union was that it contemplated proselytes. The 
objection to the school you projDose seems to be that you 
disclaim proselytes, and will have none but your own 
followers." The bill was attacked, first on one ground and 
then on the other. The correspondence between Thos. P. 
Cope and the members of the Legislature continued for 
many weeks, they, on the one hand, keeping him advised 
of the arguments adduced against granting the charter, 
and he, on his part, perseveringly refuting them. At last 
the title of the bill was assailed, and the source of the 
attacks was revealed in the dissident Friends who had 
separated in 1827, and who now objected to the use of the 
word " Friends " in the title of " Friends' Central School." 
This objection was promptly met by dropping the word, and 
" Haverford School Association " was substituted. The 



GENESIS. 91 

puerile objection was then raised, that Friends had not been 
accustomed to avail themselves of charters, an allegation as 
false as it was weak, the chairman of the committee 
reminding the legislators that Wm. Penn himself received 
a charter from Charles II, and that New England Yearly- 
Meeting had been incorporated. At last Isaac Collins 
repaired to Harrisburg, to remain there for a time and urge 
the passage of the bill, and the perseverance of our Friends 
was shortly after rewarded with triumph, and we will close 
our rather lengthy allusion to this subject with a reference 
to two other letters of the chairman, addressed to Isaac 
Collins, in the first of which, adverting to the repeated con- 
cessions made by the committee, he writes on the 2d of 2d 
month, 1833, " It cannot be doubted that, hereafter, when 
the excitement, which at present prevails, shall have given 
place to calmer feelings, we shall be able to obtain any 
reasonable addition, to our charter. Dr. Gibbon tells me, 
after quoting the new provision, that it appears to be satis- 
factory to all parties." The second letter, penned three days 
later, says : " It is extremely gratifying to find that our bill 
received the unanimous vote of the Senate ; it argues well 
for its passage in the Lower House." And it passed. 

The charter secured, new matters of pressing importance 
confronted the management. To procure a superintendent 
and instructors of such character as to assure success in 
building up the school, to erect suitable buildings, and yet 
" keep within the bounds of their circumstances, and be 
just in the payment of their debts," to lay out and plant 
the beautiful park, for which Nature had already done so 
much, and to make a satisfactory arrangement for the profit- 
able cultivation of the farm, all claimed early attention. 
A library was to be built up ; collections to be accumulated 



92 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

illustrative of natural history, archaeology, etc.; astronom- 
ical and physical apparatus to be acquired, and all of these 
must, as 3^et, have a beginning. The Managers also had, 
as we have seen, horticultural, agricultural and mechanical 
designs on the students ; but these probably never material- 
ized to the extent of their expectations. 

To the meeting of contributors, held in the 5th month, 
1832, the Managers had reported a plan for building, which 
resulted in the erection of Founders' Hall, and stated that 
they had " not been inattentive to the duty of providing 
competent teachers," although no arrangements to that end 
were matured. It had been agreed " to erect a stone build- 
ing, 3 stories high, 110 feet long by 28 feet in depth, for 
the accommodation of the pupils. The kitchen and dining- 
room are in the basement story, a large collecting-room 
and two schoolrooms are on the ground floor, and the 
second and third stories are divided into 64 chambers, 
9 feet by 5|, for the accommodation of a single pupil in 
each. At each end of this building, and at right angles 
to it, is a building 50 feet by 28 feet for the accommoda- 
tion of the families of the principal and one of the 
teachers. The office of the Managers and the infirmary 
will be in one of these wings, and the library and an 
additional schoolroom in the other." At the following 
annual meeting, in 1833, the Board were able to report 
that the building had been erected and was under roof, 
" nearly according to the plan agreed upon. It is 
expected the house will be finished in the course of the 
coming autumn." They further reported that commit- 
tees had been "intrusted with the duties of providing 
furniture, books and apparatus, and of maturing a plan 
of instruction ; in all which progress has been made, and 



GENESIS. 93 

partial reports have been given in to the Board." An 
orchard had at this time been planted with apple and peach 
trees, but very little had been done in the way of planting 
ornamental trees or shrubbery. A great transformation in 
the appearance of the ground took place in one year, and 
in about two years, through private contributions, and the 
employment of William Carvill, a competent English 
gardener, to superintend operations, the rough and un- 
sightly surface of the ground was transmuted into regu- 
larity and beauty. At the time of the opening, which 
occurred in the autumn of 1833, the building stood sur- 
rounded in wet weather by yellow mud. " The soil was 
poor," one reminiscent writes ; " the surface of the ground 
was rugged, broken and rain-washed ; the yellowest mud 
adhered in heavy masses to the boots. . . . The only 
access to the place was by the rough lane from the Haver- 
ford Road, the ground through which the avenue passes 
to the turnpike not having formed part of the original 
purchase." 

A plan of the orchard above referred to is extant, with 
marginal memoranda, giving the names of nearly sixty 
different varieties of apples planted, besides 100 assorted 
peach trees, 24 assorted plum trees, 20 Seckel pears, 10 St. 
Germain pears and 18 assorted winter pears. A marginal 
note states that " of the original planting of 495 trees, 146 
died, chiefly during the hard winter of 1835-6; when the 
snow disappeared, it was found that the rabbits and mice 
had barked most of the trees beneath the snow. In 1844, 
these trees of the first planting were most healthy and 
vigorous, had begun bearing, and some of them measured 
38 inches girth at the ground. 

A lease of the farm had been made on the 21st of the 



94 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

1st month, 1832, to Davis Sill for one year from the 
first of 4th month, for the sum of $500, reserving "the 
field on which the schoolhouse is to be erected," and 
reserving also free access to the stone-quarry and wood- 
lands for building materials ; the tenant to pay for grass- 
seed, and to pay " all taxes of the said farm." This lease 
was renewed to the 1st of 4th month, 1834; but for 
some unexplained reason, a new lease was entered into on 
the day after Christmas with Stephen M. Trimble to farm 
the place on shares. This elaborate document is interesting 
in sundry particulars, but is too long to transcribe. It 
reserved " to the said Association the exclusive benefit and 
controul of the piece of woodland north of the schoolhouse, 
the garden and lawn adjoining, the stone-quarry, a piece of 
ground for a botanical garden not exceeding four acres, 
sufficient room for a bathing place, and ground on which to 
erect a meeting house, should it be wanted, to be hereafter 
selected by the Managers, with ingress and egress to and 
from the same and the woods." Another provision was 
that, " In case the Managers shall determine to have an inn 
kept on the premises, it shall be according to their direc- 
tions," etc., "the price for accommodations at the inn to be 
twenty-five cents per meal, and the same sum for a horse 
at hay per night." Farming a dairy must have been not 
much more profitable in those days than inn-keeping, for 
the farmer was bound by his lease to furnish new milk to 
the college at 3 cts. and skimmed milk at 2 cts. per quart 
during half the year, with a slight advance in the winter 
months, and butter at 17 cts. per pound. His swine were 
to be allowed the privilege of fattening in the orchard. If 
building was to be done, he was to board the hands at 10 
cts. per meal, including lodging, and to pasture horses kept 



GENESIS. 



95 



for the use of the school at 50 cts. per week. We think 
it must be admitted that if the Association did not earn 
money enough to pay one dividend, it was not for want of 
a good bargain witli the farmer, or else that a wonderful 
improvement has taken place in the value of farm produce 
since that era. The Friends' Meeting was then held in a 
frame dwelling, afterward the property of Haydock Garri- 
gues, west of his residence, " where, on Monthly and Pre- 
parative Meeting days, the men were accommodated in 
the parlor, and the women in the kitchen." The addition 
of the school to the number in attendance rendered these 
modest quarters quite inadequate, and led to the move- 
ment, to which reference is made in Stephen Trimble's 
lease, for the erection of a new meeting house, and the 
present Haverford Meeting House is the result. 

But the most impor- 
tant of the concerns that 
weighed heavily on the 
founders was the selec- 
tion of a head for the in- 
stitution and of a com- 
petent corps of instruc- 
tors, for a college is not a 
collection of stones, but 
of men. And this duty 
they discharged, with 
signal success, in pro- 
portion as they did it 
prayerfully and under 
Divine guidance. Their 
choice for a Superintendent fell upon Samuel Hilles, of 
Wilmington, Delaware, whose venerable appearance in after- 




SAMUEL HILLES. 



96 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

years, as assistant clerk in Philadelphia Yearl}^ Meeting, will 
be remembered by many of our readers. He was, perhaps, 
the last to represent the liberal section of that body in any 
prominent official position, and was a man of singular 
urbanity, gentleness and sweetness of Christian life. The 
three instructors who were selected as his associates in the 
faculty, or council, as it was then called, were all men of 
unusual distinction intellectually. One of them, Dr. Joseph 
Thomas, the distinguished author of Thomas's Biographical 
Dictionary and Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer of the 
World — both books involving great learning and an im- 
mense amount of research — still survives, more than half 
a century later, a monument to, the ability with which 
this intellectual edifice was constructed. Dr. Thomas was 
the teacher of Latin and Greek, the objections to acquiring 
those heathen languages having been overbalanced by the 
arguments of old Roger Ascham. He was born in Cayuga 
County, New York, in 1811, and passed his childhood in 
the country. A passionate love of chemistry led him in a 
singular way to the study of the classic languages ; for 
reading that Sir Humphrey Davy had discovered a new gas, 
and named it chlorine, from the Greek word X\o)p6<;, green, 
he conceived that he must study Greek in order to under- 
stand chemistry. He therefore acquired a love for the 
classics. In 1830 he went to the Polytechnic School at 
Troy, for one year, and graduated there, and in the Fall of 
1832 he entered at Yale ; but his health failing, he went 
home before receiving his degree, and the baccalaureate 
was sent after him. It was then that he went to Haverford ; 
but most of his colleagues being older and married, much 
of the care of the boys devolved on him, and he found it 
too great a strain, and only remained a short time, returning, 



GENESIS. 97 

however, to teach at Haverford many years later. In the 
spring of 1837 he graduated in medicine at the University 
of Pennsylvania, and practised a good while, but with no 
great success, and returned to teaching. His great life- 
work, however, was the writing of two works, which should 
have immortalized his name. The Doctor says his friend 
Josiah Leeds once said to him, he "wished he would write a 
book which would tell how to pronounce geographical 
names." Upon this challenge, he set to work and produced 
the Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, a work requiring 
immense labor and research, which he performed with great 
fidelity. In the pursuit of this he travelled much, visiting 
Egypt, Arabia and India, at much expense and risk, having 
been besieged in Delhi during the Sepoy rebellion. The 
work was so well received that he undertook another of 
great value, a Dictionary of Biography. Unfortunately, he 
derived little, either of remuneration or fame, from these 
great works, his publishers applying their names to them, 
and driving a hard bargain with him for compensation. 

John Gummere was instructor in mathematics, and a 
noble man, if he had a little of the eccentricity of genius. 
Of him we shall hear later. 

But it was Daniel B. Smith who, by common consent, 
was recognized as giving Haverford its tone, and building 
up the young school into a really worthy educational insti- 
tution, "who was for Haverford," says Lloyd P. Smith, the 
late learned librarian of the Philadelphia Library, and who 
was no mean authority, "what Dr. Arnold was for Rugby — 
the great teacher who made Haverford what it was — a man, 
if ever there was one, of genuine culture. His influence 
was in the direction of liberal studies, of a wide range of 
thought, of an enlarged view of science." Another student, 
7 



98 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

a professional man of eminence, says: "I do but speak the 
sentiments of my class when I say that Daniel B. Smith was 
the animating spirit of the place. It was he who moulded 
the character, shaped the destiny, influenced the future of 
its students." While he combined much dignity of manner 
with an agreeable suavity in his ordinary intercourse with 
men, he was a man with whom no student would dare to 
trifle, his character being formed in a sterner mould than 
that of his leading associates. He was professionally re- 
spected by his scholars, and, as a foil to whatever there was 
of sternness in his composition, the delightful cheeriness of 
a nature always sunny shone forth conspicuously in the 
happy temperament of his wife, who was much beloved by 
the students for many acts of kindness and generosity. 
We might enlarge upon the virtues of these truly noble 
personages, but here is not the place for any ample biog- 
raphy. Enough has perhaps been said to show what was 
the stuff with which a foundation was laid, which was 
destined to have an enduring influence upon the culture of 
American Quakerism. Such, then, were the four massive 
yet comely corner-stones, upon which the superstructure 
was to be reared. These were the true founders — men whose 
personal traits and whose work entitle them to monuments 
in perennial brass. And such was the simple but strong 
organization, characteristic of our fathers, with which they 
began this higher educational system. No obelisk or costly 
sarcophagus marks the resting-place of its founders. Let it 
be for us to preserve them in undying memor}^ ! 

Before closing this chapter, we must not forget to revert 
to the one principle which, to the founders, was a ruling 
motive in organizing the school. They kept constantly in 
view the importance of enforcing upon the students an ad- 



GENESIS. 99 

lierence to the " doctrines and testimonies" of the Society of 
Friends. The two went together; but the stress, at least in 
published ordinances, was laid on what were familiarly 
known as "the testimonies," and which had reference to the 
Friends' form of dress, the use of the singular pronouns thou 
and thee, and the numeral names of the days and months; 
and abstinence from complimentary titles. Our worthy 
forefathers attached what seems now an unnecessary weight 
to these testimonies as bearing upon a religious life, but 
they were very sincere in their conviction that these were 
essentials to true Christianity, and a protection, a sort of 
amulet, against the assaults of the unwearied adversary. 

Soon after the opening of the school, therefore, the 
Managers issued a code of printed rules, from which we 
quote the following, to show how circumstantially they 
sought to guide the youth under their care into the "strait 
and narrow way : " 

" As the object of this school is to aflbrd an education 
to the youth of our religious Society consistent with its 
principles, the Superintendent and teachers should have 
this important concern mainly in view, and, by example 
and precept, encourage the students to plainness in dress 
and address, and endeavor to instil into their minds a 
love and esteem for our doctrines and testimonies. The 
students are required to dress consistently with the sim- 
plicity of our profession ; and, as deviations in this respect 
have been apparent, either from misapprehension or other 
cause, it seems necessary to be more explicit; it will, 
therefore, be expected hereafter, of any student admitted 
into this institution, that his body-coat, round jacket and 
waistcoat shall be single-breasted and without lapels or 
falling collars, and where any of these are figured, they 



100 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

shall be of patterns consistent with the plainness required 
in the other parts of the dress — the students to wear 
hats, caps being excluded,"^ It is notable that there was 
no specification of Christian doctrine in this rule. 

Another regulation requires that "no periodical publica- 
tions except The Friend (meaning the Philadelphia Friend) 
are to be brought to the school for the use of the stu- 
dents, nor any books excepting school books, which shall 
be subject to the approval of the Council. The Council 
shall also have charge of the library, and regulate the 
distribution of books to the students." Some of these 
rules have a slight flavor of the monastery, and we fear, 
from sad instances of flagrant deviation from rectitude in 
after-life, that under this regime they were no more ef- 
fectual than would have been a more liberal system in 
preventing such deviations. As might be inferred, the 
other requirements corresponded in severity with those to 
which we have alluded. One of these stipulated: "The 
students will be expected at all times to keep within the 
enclosures around the school building, except when they 
may have express liberty from the Superintendent to 
pass beyond them ; " and another provides that " when a 
student obtains liberty to extend his walk beyond the 
prescribed limits, it is to be distinctly understood that he 
is not to enter or even to go to any house whatever, un- 
less he shall have at the same time obtained permission 
from the Superintendent for that purpose." Other re- 
quirements were " that no student shall pass into any 



^The soft hat ;ind round-crowned Derby hat of felt had not then come into 
use, and boys commonly wore a cap something like a Navy cap, so that the 
above requirement meant, even for young boys, a stiff hat of low crown some- 
what like that worn by men, but usually with the characteristics of a Friend's 
hat. 



GENESIS, 101 

other chamber than his own, and that at all times, 
whether in the day or in the night, when the students 
are in their chambers or in the adjacent passage, they 
shall avoid all unnecessary conversation with each other." 
They were to " conform in all their deportment to strict 
decorum, to use the plain language, to avoid cutting their 
names or otherwise defacing or wasting either their own 
property or that of each other or of the institution, and 
in general to abstain from any act which in their judg- 
ment would not be likely to be sanctioned by those under 
whose care they are placed." The practice of smoking 
and chewing tobacco was to be altogether avoided. 

It was reasonable to expect that so rigid and specific a 
code would fail of its object. But those were the days 
when in primary schools the dunce-cap and rattan reigned 
supreme, and it was many years before the management 
of Haverford School discovered that the most effective 
way of insuring the observance of the rules of morality 
and decorum by students is to throw them on their 
manly honor. 

The regulation as to a peculiar dress is referred to, 
however, especially to emphasize the fact, which has been 
apparent throughout, that Haverford was regarded at its 
origin simply as a Friends' Select Boarding-School. Such, 
indeed, the members of the Legislature, who were asked 
for their votes, were assured was its object; such the original 
Articles of Association made it; and such the two funda- 
mental or unalterable Articles indicated it was to be kept, 
inalienably. Without anticipating the history, we may 
only say here that the stress of circumstances forced the 
Managers to the wise conviction, a few years later, that 
the only safety lay in a relaxation of the terms of the bond. 



102 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

To this necessity, so often the mother of wisdom, while we 
must recognize it as also the daughter of Providence, we 
owe it that the school ultimately opened its doors to others 
who were willing that their sons should be educated under 
the fostering care of Friends, and that it afterwhile blos- 
somed out into a college of highly respectable standing. 
To this we owe it that the munificent bequest, which 
has excelled all other gifts and bequests many-fold, came 
from one who was not a member of that religious body, 
although bound to it by many ties of kinship and affec- 
tion, but whose well-beloved and lamented son was edu- 
cated within Haverford's walls. And, on man}^ accounts, 
we cannot regret that misfortune resulted in an abandon- 
ment of the severe and iron-bound regulations which ill 
became that benignant liberality of thought and charity 
of opinion that so grace the halls of learning. 




JOHN GUI^^IVIERE. 



CHAPTER IV. 
EARLY DAYS— 1833-^9. 

Have you no traditions — none 

Of the court of Solomon? — Mary Howitt. 

A MULTITUDE of UGW duties pressed upon the attention 
of the Managers after the organization was effected. The 
school was not to be opened until the 28th of 10th month, 
1833. But a system of instruction was yet to be devised ; 
and this was difficult, for a great deal was to be taught by 
a very small Faculty. It was decided that the teacher of 
mathematics would " undertake the department of natu- 
ral philosophy, and perhaps also of chemistry, at least 
for the present ; and botany will very properly fall within 
the province of the Superintendent, in case horticultural 
labor be adopted as a regular portion of every day's occu- 
pation for the pupils." No provision had yet been made 
for " natural history, English composition (including 
rhetoric and logic), civil history, modern literature and 
moral philosophy " up to the 7th month of that year ; " in 
all of which," says a report from the Committee on Teach- 
ers, " according to the principles adopted by the Managers, 
instruction must be given to the pupils." Furniture was 
to be bought — the building was not entirely completed — 
provision must be made for a supply of water. A prepara- 
tory class was resolved upon, to which boys might be ad- 
mitted " who have acquired a knowledge of reading, writ- 

(103) 



104 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ing and arithmetic." These might be under twelve years 
of age, tlie minimum limit fixed for entrance into the 
Third Junior Class. In reporting upon the appointment 
of teacher of mental and moral philosophy and English 
literature, the committee entered into a disquisition on 
the serious importance of that department, and the exalted 
character of the person who should fill the position of its 
teacher, and stated that their colleague, Daniel R. Smith, 
had consented to accept it, concluding by recommending 
his appointment. 

Another perplexity presented itself to the minds of the 
Managers. The Friends' Central School Association had 
adopted a constitution, certain articles of which were un- 
alterable. Gould its incorporated successor, the Haverford 
School Association, legally re-enact the 3d, 4th and 6th 
Articles and render them unalterable, according to the 10th 
Article? And if the corporation could not, could they in 
any way put it out of the power of a mere majority to alter 
them? Two of the most eminent lawyers of the time, 
Charles Chauncey and Horace Binney, were consulted on 
this and other points of less importance, and gave it as 
their opinion that the new corporation had the power de- 
sired, to re-enact and make unalterable the said articles. 
The Managers little imagined then that, in twelve years 
from that time, the}^ would themselves seek from the same 
eminent counsel a means of escape from the " fundamental 
and unalterable " provisions. 

Matters went forward steadily. The two leading teachers 
were to receive $1,500 each, and a residence was to be pro- 
vided for each of them. The farmhouse was modified to 
accommodate Daniel B. Smith's family, and a piazza built 
across the north front. The government was managerial. 



EARLY DAYS. 105 

" Samuel B. Morris and George Stewardson were appointed 
to assist the Superintendent in the purchase of provisions 
for the family." The Council submitted to them an elabo- 
rate plan of study and arrangement of hours: the latter 
may be interesting to our readers, because it shows the sim- 
plicity and rule of those early days. The Managers con- 
cluded to adopt the report "for the present," as follows: 

" The students to rise in summer at half-past five, in 
spring and autumn at six, and in winter at half-past six. A 
bell to be rung at this time, and half an hour to be allowed, 
at the end of which all the students are to make their ap- 
pearance, dressed and washed, in their several school- 
rooms, to answer at roll-call, and hear the reading of a 
suitable portion of Scripture. The remaining time till 
breakfast to be passed here in private study and prepara- 
tion for the lessons of the day, under the charge of the 
Superintendent. 

" Breakfast to be ready in summer at seven, half-past 
seven in spring and autumn, and eight in winter. One 
hour to be allowed for breakfast and recreation. The time 
from the expiration of this hour till school time to be 
passed in winter (being half an hour) in gymnastics or 
other suitable employment, at the discretion of the Super- 
intendent, and in spring and autumn in horticultural labor 
or otherwise, under the same direction. School to com- 
mence at half-past nine and continue till half-past twelve, 
except on meeting day, when it is to continue but one 
hour. The roll to be called at the opening of the school. 
Dinner at one o'clock. The time from half past twelve to 
two to be allowed for dinner and recreation. School to 
commence with roll-call at two, and continue in winter 
until half-past four, and in spring, summer and autumn 



lOG HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

till five o'clock, except on Seventh Day afternoon, when 
there is to be no school. From the close of the school till 
six o'clock to be appropriated to active exercise, under the 
direction of the Superintendent. During the proper sea- 
son, it is supposed horticultural labor will be most suitable. 
Supper at six o'clock. From six to seven to be appropri- 
ated to supper and recreation. From seven to eight to be 
passed in the lecture-room. From eight to nine to be 
passed in the general school-room in private study and 
preparation for lessons, under charge of the Superintend- 
ent. The roll to be called at eight o'clock. The evening 
to be closed with suitable serious reading by the Superin- 
tendent. The students to go to bed at nine o'clock. The 
evening of Seventh Day to be appropriated to washing, etc." 
The plan then proceeds, with similar circumstantiality, to 
prescribe the routine for First Day, and the disposition of 
classes for study. 

Active efforts were set on foot to obtain contributions to 
a cabinet of natural history, which were crowned with con- 
siderable success, especially in the mineralogical branch ; 
and simultaneously a movement was begun to accumulate 
a " Scientific and Classical Library." One matter that 
caused the Managers concern was the providing of a con- 
venient place for worship after the manner of Friends, and 
as it was understood that Radnor Monthly Meeting of 
Friends were desirous of erecting a meeting house in the 
neighborhood, it was decided to grant an acre of ground 
for the purpose and an appropriation of $400, provided the 
house was solidly built of good material and the plan ap- 
proved b}^ the Board. This concern was the ground of 
much negotiation between a neighbor named Samuel Gar- 
rigues and the Board, the former desiring to sell the As- 



EARLY DAYS. 107 

sociation four acres of his land for the purpose, coupled 
with conditions of his own. This proposition was declined ; 
but the Monthly Meeting having refused their offer of an 
acre, and proceeded to enlarge the house they were occupy- 
ing, the Board ultimately found it best to buy two acres of 
Samuel Garrigues, which they proceeded to deed to trustees 
appointed by Radnor Monthly Meeting for the purpose 
desired. These two acres were situated on Buck Lane, 
where the meeting house was erected and connected by a 
board-walk with the school, the Canal Commissioners con- 
senting to the construction of a bridge over the railroad, 
which was built by the school at an expense of several 
hundred dollars more. A high palisade fence w^as also 
made, extending from the gate near the station along the 
railroad and around the woods to the kitchen garden. 

The next step in the line of school organization was the 
appointment of William Gummere and John Collins as 
teachers of the Introductory School, and benches were 
placed at the west end of the large school-room for the use 
of their pupils when assembled. It was also determined to 
appoint an assistant to the Superintendent, " with powers 
and duties somewhat similar to those exercised by the 
Governor, as he is called, at Westtown." A bathing-pond 
was made, presumably the one which was in the edge of 
the woods formerly, near Llewellyn's, and some gymnastic 
"fixtures" were erected for the use of the students. In a 
gush of enterprise, the Managers expended some $500 on 
two railroad sidings, one in the city at Thirteenth and 
Willow Streets, and one at the school, and bought a freight 
car, which they believed would economize freights on coal, 
gravel, manure, etc., " permission being granted by the 
Canal Commissioners." How long this economizer con- 



108 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

tinued in use is not apparent ; all trace of it seems to have 
vanished now. Other im2:)rovements, as pavements, a wash- 
house, wagon and slaughter-house, spring-house, etc., had 
to be made. A water-supply for family use was at first 
obtained by a pump from a well sunk in the area around 
the house. But a more permanent and abundant supply was 
had bj'^ constructing a dam, race, water-wheel, pump and 
other machinery to deliver the water from "a never-failing 
spring " at the school, using for its propulsion the waters 
of Cobb's Creek. The cost of this entire plant was about 
$2,500, and the pumping capacity of the works was 20,000 
gallons daily. But we are anticipating, for the last improve- 
ment was not in operation till some time after the school 
was opened. 

This momentous event occurred at the time anticipated, 
twenty-one students being present at the opening. These 
were B. Wyatt Wistar, Henry H. Collins, Alfred M. Collins, 
Owen Jones, John S. Haines, J. Liddon Pennock, Dillwyn 
Smith, William Yarnall, D. Offley Sharpless, Samuel B. 
Parsons, Charles L. Sharpless, William Gummere, James A. 
Morgan, William S. Hilles, Benjamin R. Smith, Clarkson 
Sheppard, Joseph Walton, Francis T. King, Robert Canby, 
Edward Tatnall, and J. Dickinson Logan. 

Shortly after the opening of the school this minute of 
the Managers was sent out for the guidance of parents and 
guardians, together with the rules referred to in the last 
chapter: "The supplies to the students being ample, it is 
believed that neither the comfort nor the reputation of the 
institution will be promoted by placing money in their 
hands, and it is earnestly recommended to parents and 
others who send students to the school, to place such sums 
as they may think expedient to furnish them with for 



EARLY DAYS. 109 

clothing, etc., in the hands of the Superintendent, to be dis- 
pensed to them at his discretion." 

In 1834 Samuel Hilles resigned the position of Superin- 
tendent, and the Council or Faculty was reconstructed as 
follows : 

John Gummere, Superintendent and Teacher of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy. 
Samuel J. Gummere, Assistant Teacher of Mathematics and 

Natural Philosophy. 
Daniel B. Smith, Teacher of Moral Philosophy, English 

Literature, etc. 
William Dennis, Teacher of the Latin Languages and 

Ancient Literature. 
William Gummere, Assistant Teacher of the Latin Lan- 
guages and Ancient Literature. 
Benjamin H. Deacon, Teacher of the Introductory School. 
Benjamin F. Hardy, Assistant Superintendent. 

In the summer term of 1836, the number of students was 
seventy-six. Most of these were from Philadelphia; but 
several came from New York, and a few from New Jersey, 
Maryland and North Carolina. 

By this time many improvements had been made in the 
equipments of the institution. The water- works were com- 
pleted; still later William Carvill, a skilful English gar- 
dener, was engaged in planting the clumps of trees which 
have ever since adorned the lawn, making the "Academic 
shades " of Haverford ; and the students found a pleasant 
recreation in tending their flower-beds, which lay not far 
from the site on which the greenhouse was afterward 
erected. 

The first commencement of the institution took place in 
1836, Thomas F. Cock and Joseph Walton composing the 



110 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

sraduatine: class. Both of them survived to attend the 
semi-centennial celebration of the opening of the college in 
1883, and both still survive in 1890. 

Sevent3'-nine students were named in the catalogue of the 
school in 1837. This was the largest number present in 
any year before the erection of Barclay Hall. 

The second graduating class, in 1837, consisted of nine 
members. The third commencement witnessed the com- 
pletion of the course of study by but two; the fourth, in 
1839, was composed of six graduates. 

In the latter year a further change had been made in the 
Faculty, which then consisted of the following officers and 
teachers : 

Isaac Davis, Superintendent. 
JoHX GuMMERE, Tcaclier of Mathematics. 
Daniel B. Smith, Teacher of Moral Philosoph}', English 

Literature, etc. 
William Dennis, Teacher of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
guages and Ancient Literature. 
Samuel J. Gummere, Teacher of Mathematics and Natural 

Philosophy. 
Benjamin V. Marsh, Assistant Superintendent. 

Besides the foregoing almost statistical account of the 
period from 1833 to 1837, more familiar reminiscences are 
here in place. For some of these, going back to the very 
birthday of the school, we may borrow material from the 
record of the semi-centennial celebration, embracing re- 
membrances contributed by one of the first year's group of 
students, John Collins. He writes in part as follows: 

" Let us look out on the scene that met the eyes of the 
first students of Haverford School in the late Fall of 1833. 
Standing on the long piazza, on the south side of Founders' 



EARLY DAYS. 



Ill 



Hall, there was nothing to indicate what the lawn was to be 
in after-years. Fields divided by post and rail fences, the 
corn or wheat stubble standing here and there amid orchards 
whose gnarled trees showed signs of age and decay, or a 
clump of brushwood varied the landscape. In the middle 
ground lay the long, low farmhouse, where for many years 
visitors to the school could find more congenial accom- 




BUCK TAVERN. 



modation than at the Buck Tavern, to the north of the 
institution. The whole view was hemmed in by the long 
reach of gray woods in the distance. On the other side of 
the building, the grove of trees, in all the wildness of nature, 
shut in the prospect, but it was to us an attractive spot when 
summer heats came on. Many a lesson was learned and 
rehearsed in those shady walks, and there the youthful 
botanist or entomologist began his scientific researches. 



112 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The latter class was so indefatigable that it was said 
every old stump was uprooted, and not a single bug or 
beetle could be found within a mile of Haverford. 

" Our path to the old meeting house led us through 
these woods, over the West Chester Railroad, on a narrow 
plank bridge. Many a silent sitting did we patiently at- 
tend, and though to some the unbroken stillness may 
have been irksome, yet, doubtless, to not a few they were 
seasons of communion with Him who 'must be worshipped 
in spirit and in truth.' 

" As usual with boys, savage or civilized, we had and 
we enjoyed our out-of-door athletic sports. Jumping, leap- 
frog, running, and even sawing and splitting wood were 
eagerly practised. Few were our indoor amusements when 
rain made the paths around the house almost impassable, 
save on narrow boards laid down on the soft and slippery 
micaceous soil. In those early times all music was under 
ban, and most games of chance and skill were prohibited. 
Yet it happened that the simple Jews-harp would find its 
way to the school despite all the precaution of the com- 
mittee. If an offender was detected, the harp was at once 
taken from him and a rebuke administered. Yet more 
and more instruments secretly came until (as report would 
have it) a barrel had been filled with the tongueless harps. 

" The room at the southwest corner of the building was 
at first a sitting-room and library, while the corresponding 
one at the other end of the house was used as a parlor. 
Between the main entrance and the east end was the 
lecture-room, from which, in the Fall of 1834, a part was 
partitioned off to serve for an introductory class-room. A 
water-color sketch by one of the teachers, taken during 
recess, represents its appearance at the time. At one end 



EARLY DAYS. 113 

was a collection of curiosities, prepared specimens of birds, 
coins, varieties of wood, etc. These formed the nucleus of 
the museum now in the second story. In the picture just 
mentioned is seen, through the window, a ball-alley at the 
side of the wood. This, too, may have been the germ of 
the excellent gymnasium now adjoining the main building. 

"There were bounds, beyond which we were not allowed 
to pass without special permission. The distance around 
was a mile, and one of the then students delighted to make 
the run every day before breakfast, the state of the weather 
permitting. Others attempted the feat, but none could equal 
the pace of our swift runner, whose race was ended long ago. 

"Not long after the opening of Haverford it was judged 
best to engage some one as attendant and care-taker of the 
boys, both in and out of the house. Whether we of those 
times were worse than the present generation we would not 
decide, but some considered such an individual a useless 
appendage to the management of the school, and sought 
every means to avoid his espionage." 

It is related of this " care-taker " that on one occasion he 
traced two students to the famous White Hall, where there 
was a bar. Upon his entrance, the suspects concealed them- 
selves behind the counter, when this official, first assuring 
himself that there were no witnesses, asked for a drink; 
whereupon the unblushing youths popped up and " turned 
the tables." Probably the story is exaggerated ; lie may 
have ordered lemonade ; but this and other similar stories 
show the inexpedience of such a system, which is peculiarly 
distasteful to young men of " spunk." The name of this 
official has, in consequence, been handed down to posterity 
(we presume unjustly) surrounded by odium that will never 
be effaced. 

8 



114 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



" The office was abolished on finding that the result was 
not satisfactory. 

" Part of the second floor was divided into very narrow 
apartments, suggestive of solitary confinement. Some of 




STUDENT'S BEDROOM IN FOUNDERS' HALL. 

the larger boys could readily reach to either side with out- 
stretched arms, and the meagre furniture consisted of a 
very narrow bedstead, a small cherry wardrobe with two 
drawers, a smaller table, a chair, and a minute looking- 
glass in the plainest possible frame. The outlook was from 



EARLY DAYS. 115 

half a window. A correct drawing of one of these dormi- 
tories is to be seen in Alumni Hall. Other accommoda- 
tions were much in the same style, yet, withal, we were 
content. It was the wise policy of the founders of Hav- 
erford to maintain, as far as possible, rigid simplicity 
throughout. Believing that strict economy was necessary 
at the outset, there was no wasteful expenditure." The 
students performed their daily ablutions in the open area 
around Founders' Hall, whether the temperature was at 
90° Fahr. or 20° below zero ; it is doubtful whether this 
contributed to vigor of constitution. The bathing-rooms, 
which were fitted out with five or six bath-tubs, were in the 
east end of the basement, now used for the meetings of the 
Y. M. C. A. 

" Few in number, our interests, our sports, and even our 
studies brought us nearer to one another than otherwise 
would have been the case. Our teachers, too, had greater 
opportunities to note our individual characters. An almost 
parental tie existed between them and some of the boys, 
rendering the restraints of discipline almost unnecessary. 
They loved to watch our sports upon the play-ground, and 
would enjoy a hearty laugh with us when occasion would 
prompt it. 

" Uniformly kind in manner, Samuel Hilles won the re- 
spect of every one, yet could, when need was, administer 
a scathing rebuke with the friendliest feeling toward the 
offender. With equal sympathy did his amiable wife at- 
tend to our personal wants in health or sickness, or, in 
the parlor, lead in lively talk, encouraging each bashful boy 
to join therein. Dear in our memory to this day is the fos- 
tering care of these beloved ones, now laid to rest. 

"A passing tribute is justly due to the venerable teacher 



116 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of moral and intellectual philosophy — Daniel B. Smith. 
Well do some of the highest class recollect our first lesson 
in Abercrombie, when he began to teach us to think. 
Making some commonplace remark, he asked us, in a 
minute or two, to recall and tell him the succession of 
thoughts suggested by what he had said. It was an amus- 
ing as well as a useful exercise — a fit introduction to mental 
training and consecutive reasoning unfamiliar to us all. 
So, too, we learned, as, perhaps, we had never learned be- 
fore, the art of studying. From this naturally followed the 
expression of ideas — first, vocally, then in writing. By 
him we were taught to think, to speak, to write. His in- 
structions were also peculiarly valuable in the study of 
classic or of foreign languages — giving us a facility, a force, 
and accuracy of rendering not otherwise attainable. He 
it was that foresaw that something apart from our daily 
lessons was needful for our mental improvement, and the 
practical development of the knowledge we gained by pri- 
vate stud}'' or in the class-room. Hence the organization of 
the Loganian Society — the discipline of the mind, the 
knowledge of parliamentary rules, and the training of the 
diffident tyro in public speaking which it has conferred, 
can be known only by those who, since its formation, have 
taken an active part in its various exercises. 

" Nor must we forget the venerated name of John Gum- 
mere, whose rare mathematical ability, evinced by his 
published works, was appreciated by all who came under 
his instruction." 

This dear friend's virtues will be commemorated in an- 
other chapter. The students remember him with the 
respect due to his exalted character, albeit they did not 
hesitate to play their pranks in that day with Friend (ium- 



EARLY DAYS. 117 

mere's profound abstraction during study. The signal for 
these fits of abstraction was a peculiarity which he had of 
turning down one of his thumbs when lost in thought. 
This he frequently did during the gathering of the stu- 
dents in the collecting-room, and no sooner was the thumb 
turned than study on their part was at an end. They 
talked, they read what they pleased, they even left the 
room and cut all sorts of capers, and so long as the thumb 
was down they were sure of escape from observation. A 
timely signal from one of the students when the brown 
study was at an end, and instantly every boy was in his 
place. 

It was on the 21st of 1st month, 1834,^ that a number of 
the students of the school assembled to form an association 
for mutual improvement in literature and science. Joseph 
Walton, Jr., John Collins and Bartholomew Wyatt Wistar, 
as committee, prepared a constitution. 

The name of Haverford Loganian Society was given, in 
recollection of Logan, the intimate friend of William Penn. 

Its objects were stated to be improvement in composition 
and elocution, the investigation of various scientific and 
literary subjects, and the formation of a museum and cabinet 
of natural history, and of a library. 

The President was in all cases to be an officer of the insti- 
tution; the Vice-President to be chosen from the Senior 
Class each year; the Secretary from the Junior Class. The 
other officers were a Treasurer, Curator, and Librarian, and 
standing committees on different departments of scientific 
observation were to be appointed. 

^ The ensuing pages are partly reproduced from "Haverford Revived," an 
address by Dr. Henry Hartshorne, commemorating the revival of the school 
after its temporary suspension in 1845. 



118 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

It was thus designed to place the teachers and students 
on a footing of equality, making the Society an institution 
democratic in its nature. On its floor no ipse dixit was in- 
fallible ; the learned professor of mathematics could there 
assert no problem without proof; and even the authority of 
our leader in Virgil and Medea could be disputed. 

The connection of graduates and others leaving the school 
was maintained by the establishment of an honorary mem- 
bership, to which they became entitled. 

On the 26th of 2d month, 1834, the Society was resolved 
into five committees : one on general literature, one on mathe- 
matics and natural philosophy, one on botany and miner- 
alogy, and one on zoology; each to furnish a report at least 
once in two months. 

Provision was also made for the delivery of essays and 
recitations. 

About two months later, the President reported that the 
Managers had granted to the Society, for a botanical garden, 
the piece of ground now occupied by the garden and green- 
house, and extending below them toward the farmhouse 
lane. A gardener was soon obtained, and subscriptions 
were set on foot for furnishing plants and other materials. 
There were difficulties in the way of this horticulture, for 
we find on minute, three weeks later, " Resolved, That the 
Society finish the extermination of the daisies in our garden 
to-morrow afternoon, at 20 minutes past 5." 

Some commencement of a greenhouse must have been 
already made, as it is alluded to, although not distinctly 
stated. The cabinet of minerals and of dried plants, and 
the library, were also from time to time added to by the 
members and their friends ; and barrels were sunk in the 
ground, under the direction of the Zoological Committee, 



EARLY DAYS. 119 

for observations on the descent of the larvse of the seven- 
teen-year locust. 

A plan for the erection of a greenhouse, at a cost of six 
hundred dollars, was reported by the President, 8th month 
27th, 1834. It was to be forty feet front on the south, a 
part to be occupied as a carpenter shop. 

The officers elected for the next year were : Daniel B. 
Smith, President; Clarkson Sheppard, Vice-President; 
Jonathan Fell, Secretary ; John Hunn, Treasurer; Francis 
T. King, Librarian ; Joseph Walton, Jr., Curator. 

In the 11th month, a circular was referred to the Com- 
mittee on Meteorology from the American Philosophical 
Society and Franklin Institute, conferring as to the best 
means of promoting the advancement of meteorology. It 
was useful in facilitating and encouraging regular and ac- 
curate observations upon that subject, which were inaugu- 
rated and are supposed to have been kept up for forty years. 

Two hundred and fifty species of plants were presented 
by David Thomas, of New York. The greenhouse was 
completed in the 12th month. 

In their literary performances great activity and punctu- 
ality now characterized the members. Essays, recitations 
and debates followed each other in lively order. In dis- 
cussion, their united wisdom decided the classic studies to 
be useful; the French Revolution a useless pestilence; the 
future condition of the Indians, if moved west of the 
Mississippi, was prudently left undecided. There were no 
prophets among them, for it was determined that unlimited 
immigration would be beneficial to this country ; but a very 
judicious veto was issued against capital punishment. 

In 2d month, 1836, four prizes were awarded, after com- 
petition, for the best essays by members. Burke's Works, in 



120 HISTOKY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

three volumes, was the first, Aikin's British Poets the 
second. 

The fruit, consisting of strawberries, raspberries and 
cherries, belonging to the Society, was this summer so con- 
siderable as to require the special care of a committee. The 
duty of assisting them, however, in disposing of it, was 
cheerfully and effectually performed. The first fruits, as 
strawberries, oranges, etc., were usually given to tlie Super- 
intendent or teachers and their families. 

A handsome collection of hyacinths and tulips was ob- 
tained for the garden, whose rich colors and fragrance are 
strongly impressed upon some of our memories. 

The carpenter shop was at this time, as afterward, a 
flourishing and highly useful institution. 

In 12th month, 1836, a communication w^as read from 
Thomas P. Cope, Isaac ColHns and Bartholomew Wistar, of 
Philadelphia, from which it appeared that they had erected, 
at their own expense, and presented to the Loganian Society, 
the spacious and elegant arbor for grape-vines at the east 
end of the greenhouse, together with the vines with which 
it was stocked. The members of the Society, sensible of the 
liberality which prompted the expenditure, and of the con- 
fidence in them which was implied by the gift, thereupon 
pledged themselves, by resolution, to take every needful 
care of the same, and to appropriate the fruit to the general 
use of the students and of the family of the institution. 
They reciprocated the wish expressed by the donors, not only 
that no unwholesome grapes might ever be borne on the 
spacious bower, but that the nobler vine, which had been 
planted by the public spirit and fostered by the wise liber- 
ality of the Haverford School Association, beneath whose 
ample shades they were now gathering the fruits of litera- 



EARLY DAYS. 121 

ture and science, might never disappoint its earl 3^ promise, 
but might continue, for ages to come, to rejoice, with its 
plenteous harvests, the hearts of those to whom it might 
fall as an inheritance. It was, therefore, unanimously re- 
solved, that the thanks of the Society be presented to 
Thomas P. Cope, Isaac Collins and Bartholomew Wistar, 
for their liberal donation. 

The arbor was placed under the special charge of a com- 
mittee. 

Three prizes were again awarded for the best essays on 
the 1st of 3d month, 1837. The first, this time, was a hand- 
some copy of the works of Dugald Stewart. 

An address was read at the last meeting of that session 
by Lindley Murray. He had been preceded, on similar 
occasions, by Clarkson Sheppard and Thomas F. Cock. 

The practice of appointing members to read sometimes, 
instead of original essays, a form of lecture or compiled 
" information " upon chosen subjects, was adopted early in 
the next session and proved useful. Greater care was 
.secured in the composition of essays by the appointment of 
a Committee of Criticism. 

The garden and greenhouse were now under charge of 
twelve elected managers, and the carpenter shop under 
directors, which latter cultivated their financial talents by 
shaving the members unmercifully in sale of boards. 

On 6th month 21st, 1837, the greatest number of active 
members was present that had occurred during the ex- 
istence of the Society. It was fifty-eight. Its prosperity, 
and perhaps that of the school, which then numbered over 
seventy pupils, had been during this year at a maximum. 
Thoughts were entertained of building additions to the 
schoolhouse for the admission of a larger number ; exten- 



122 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

sive improvements were proposed and begun; everything 
was flourishing and promising. 

Many of the old scholars will remember the interest of 
some of the debates at this time, particularly of one on the 
immediate Abolition of Slavery, and one on the comparative 
utility of Poetry and Philosophy, in which the eloquence 
and ability of our teachers, Daniel B. Smith, William 
Dennis and Samuel J. Gummere, were mingled with the 
equally ardent efforts of the members of the Senior and 
Junior classes. 

Fell, Fisher, Serrill, Pennock, Murray and Sharpless 
made the constellation which then shone brightest in our 
firmament. 

At a special meeting held 9th month 8th, 1837, a report 
was offered on the propriety of the publication by the 
Society of a printed monthly paper. The plan embraced 
the appointment of six editors, four resident at Haverford, 
two in Philadelphia. The contributors were to be active 
and honorary members of the Loganian Society, A com- 
mittee was appointed to obtain subscriptions, and agents 
were selected from the members in Philadelphia, New York, 
Baltimore, Cincinnati, New Bedford, Providence and other 
places. The name of this monthly was to be the Literary 
Gymnasium. 

What a beautiful project ! With the President at its 
head, and all the growing talent of the members, past, 
present and future, to sustain it, this offspring of the press 
might have had a noble influence, the wisdom of age 
leading on the burning phalanx of youthful enterprise and 
genius in the warfare of truth against the world ! But at 
the very first meeting of the next term it was deemed 
proper tliat the publication of the paper be suspended. 



EARLY DAYS. 123 

From this time literature began to lose its lustre. Natu- 
ral history, however, flourished — as we find from the dona- 
tions of shells, birds' eggs, bugs, beetles and butterflies 
made to the Museum. Rules were required to restrain the 
catching of moths and bugs on plants in the botanical 
garden — so high was that enthusiasm. 

In 1838 the Society and the school received handsome 
contributions from Nathan Dunn ; and it was from his 
offers that the suggestion of the building of a new and 
enlarged greenhouse originated. A committee to obtain 
subscriptions for this purpose was soon after appointed, and 
the aid of the Committee of Managers on the Lawn was 
solicited. With their help, the sum of between $2,000 and 
$3,000 was collected — and the conservatory was the result. 
The carpenter shop, seen from the west end of the school- 
house, was also erected by the aid of the same funds. 
There is no doubt that these, and the garden, mostly kept 
in beautiful order, and rich in valuable plants, were highly 
important portions of the moral and intellectual economy 
of the school. They were a part of that large and liberal 
plan for the education and development of mind and heart 
in young men, which raised Haverford so far above ordi- 
nary schools, and even colleges, and which, it is hoped, 
may in time generally supersede all narrower and less effi- 
cient schemes. It may be true that prosperity sometimes 
leads to too fearless an expenditure of the means of the 
Association ; but it was, at that time, no less certain, in our 
minds, that any plan which would needlessly cut away or 
crush these and similar aids to mental and moral cultiva- 
tion in the students, would deprive Haverford of all its 
superiority, and reduce it to the level of other analogous 
institutions. 



124 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The Loganian Societ}^ itself is an instance of the advan- 
tage of leading 3'oung minds to self-culture, and of the 
interest they take in, and profit they reap from, all that pro- 
ceeds from themselves. A still stronger proof is found in 
the fact, that even more ardent and constant efforts were 
made, and often with more success, to sustain those lesser 
societies, remembered by us as the Historical, the Franklin, 
the Rhetorical, the Penn Literary, etc., which originated 
and were confined entirely amongst the students them- 
selves. It is the experience of all colleges, and indeed 
of all education, that self-culture is, at last, the highest 
culture. 

At this time, when literary action in the Loganian was 
on the decline, the lesser societies were in full vigor. But 
the state of the larger body, and the final result in the 
others too, may in part be accounted for. In the first 
place, a certain degree of restraint was caused by the pres- 
ence of teachers, unless the}'' actively participated in the 
proceedings ; and the number of older members was now 
lessened. The admission of the youngest also, who took no 
part, diminished the enthusiasm of the rest. 

But a spirit was now creeping in, which made inroads 
upon the enthusiasm, and paralyzed ever}^ effort toward 
progress and perfection. It was a spirit of satire and sar- 
casm, which made the students look constantly for matter 
of ridicule in all that was said, done or seen around them, 
at any place or time. Thus at odds, every one with the 
rest, each was afraid to put forth his powers, and a deadly 
stagnation was the consequence. Essays were not written, 
recitations not prepared, debates indefinitely postponed, or, 
for want of arguments, left undecided. It was long before 
the evil was exorcised, even by the noble efforts of the 
President. 



EARLY DAYS. 125 

A paper, styled Tlie Collegian (begun in 1836), was 
conducted in 1838 in the Society. An excellent mode of 
written discussion, or theses, by two members appointed, on 
given subjects, was also brought into practice. 

And a great interest was excited by an impeachment and 
mock-trial of the directors of the carpenter shop. D. B. 




THE CARPENTER SHOP. 



Smith w^as judge, Nathan Hill, sheriff; Barker Gummere, 
Benjamin Collins, Richard Lawrence and Justus Adams, 
jury. The directory was accused of high crimes and mis- 
demeanors in their administration. The trial was opened 
by Charles W. Fisher, prosecuting attorney for the Society, 
and William D. Arnold, counsel for the defendants. The 
examination of witnesses required two sittings ; on the third 



126 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the jury retired and brought in a verdict of guilty, on five 
counts, of neglect, partiality and extortion. The sentence 
is not recorded, but it is believed that they survived it. 

At the end of this session an address was delivered by 
Charles Taber, of the Senior Class ; and in the Fall of the 
same year a valedictory, in verse, by Henry Hartshorne, of 
that class, then graduated. An orator was, after this, ap- 
pointed for the close of each session. 

Besides the Loganian,two other students' societies were 
formed, not long after its beginning — the Historical and 
the Franklin Literary Societies. The first-named took most 
of its members from the two upper classes, the other was 
chiefly formed by the younger students. They had weekly 
meetings in the evening, in one or other of the class-rooms, 
with essays, declamations and debates, sometimes readings 
from favorite authors ; among them, Charles Dickens. In- 
tense interest was taken, by some members at least, in these 
meetings. The writer believes, from his recollection of this 
inspiring intellectual influence, that students' societies con- 
stitute an important part of the means of culture in every 
college. 

Out-of-door activities were by no means neglected. Gym- 
nasium we had none, but a ball-alley stood near the edge 
of the woods back of Founders' Hall, along with several 
parallel and leaping-bars, which were a good deal used. 

Our games were town-ball (much like baseball), football, 
happily not the savage modern game, though rough enough 
for the most robust; shinny, an active game with a small 
ball and sticks crooked at the end ; and, first in 1838-9, 
cricket. The writer remembers taking part in a number of 
games of cricket. They were lively enough, quite exciting 
enough, among ourselves, without the hyper-stimulus which 



EARLY DAYS. 127 

nowadays is so craved in the intercollegiate matches. Long 
walks also, on Seventh Day afternoons, and, with some, 
botanical or entomological excursions, gave us abundant 
enjoyment of the open air and of the beautiful country 
all around us. 

A few lines of verse may be permissible here. They 
are taken from an Alumni Association address delivered 
at the college in 1880 : 

Beneath these shades, and near yon Founders' Hall, 

A long, fair gallery opens to my call, 

Hung round with pictures of my boyish days. 

Are there none here to echo my faint praise ? 

Comrades, now scattered," were we young again. 

Would we drink more of joy, bear less of pain ? 

June forest walks, October tinted groves, 

Where friendships ripened, sweet as later loves ; 

Winter's unspotted ermine on the lawn, 

The skater's circles o'er the ice-pond drawn; 

The flying football and the cricket run, 

The games, all glorious, whether lost or won ; 

Full moons more bright than we e'er since have seen ; 

More brilliant sunsets than have elsewhere been. 

These were our joys ; but these were far from all, 

Tn those old days we passed at Founders' Hall. 

Comrades and rivals both in College lore, 

Loving not learning less, though Nature more: 

Toward Truth and Beauty were our glances turned. 

With high ambition every bosom burned. 

Not then we knew, what now we sigh to know, 

How little man can ever learn below ; 

Nor, yet, the grander truth, in starlight writ, 

Our souls' growth upward may be infinite. 

Less are ive now, as greater seems the All ; 

Love grows, with worship, as pride's figments fall. 

Little remains to the chronicler to record of this flourish- 
ing epoch. So confident of the future were the Managers 
that they ventured to raise the price of board and tuition, 
in 1837, to $220 per annum, from $200 ; and actually ap- 
pointed a committee to propose a plan for an " additional 



128 HISTOKY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

edifice " and an estimate of its cost. Alas ! for the vanity 
of human expectations. Soon after came the deluge ; and 
Barclay Hall was not erected till forty years later! The 
Association authorized the Board to proceed as soon as 
they could without resorting to borrowed money; and, as 
the number of students declined from that time, the pro- 
ject died a natural death. 

On 9th month 27, 1837, the Committee on Finance and 
Economy were requested to inquire " Whether advantage 
would result from the introduction of coal for cooking," 
from which it appears that wood had still been used as fuel 
at that date, and, most likely, was yet in general use. 

Another proposition, of a very different character, was 
under consideration about the same time. This was, " The 
propriety of adopting a uniform dress to be worn by the 
students. After consideration at two meetings, it was re- 
ferred to the Committee on Instruction" to inquire into 
the experience of other institutions in this respect ; and, if 
they deem it expedient, to report the form and materials of 
such dress, together with the probable cost. It must have 
been deemed inexpedient, for the proposal was '"'pigeon- 
holed in committee," and does not again appear. 

An interesting fact in 1838 was the passage of an act by 
the Legislature, releasing the "schoolhouse and grounds 
thereto annexed " of Haverford School from taxation. On 
the 7th of 6th month, a tract of land containing 11 acres, 
77 perches, adjoining the eastern boundary of the farm, 
and extending to the Lancaster Turnpike — the voluntary 
gift of a number of Friends — was conveyed to the Associa- 
tion in fee. 

The following extract from a letter written by Jos. John 
Gurney to Amelia Opie, after his return to England in 



EARLY DAYS. 129 

1841, will be interesting in connection with this period. 
The visit to Haverford was made about 1838. 

" A drive of fifteen miles from Westtown, across a ' roll- 
ing' country of much picturesque beauty, brought us to 
Haverford, where there has been latel}^ established an 
academy, or rather college, for the education of an older and 
more opulent class of lads. Repeatedly, and always with 
great pleasure, did I visit this institution. At this time 
there were seventy boys and young men accommodated in 
the house, which was built for the purpose, pursuing a 
course of classical and scientific study under well-qualified 
teachers. Each of them is provided with a neat little chamber 
to himself, in which may be found his Bible, a few other 
books of his own selection, and the requisite articles of 
furniture. This separate lodging I hold to be a most im- 
portant provision for the moral and religious welfare of the 
young people, as well as for their comfort. There was an 
appearance of order and sobriety to be observed in these 
young persons, accompanied by an obvious infusion of 
American independence, which pleased me greatly. A 
highly talented Friend on the spot, to whom they are 
greatly attached, devotes his time and mind to their moral 
and religious culture. In many of the young people whom 
I saw in different parts of the Union, after they had left 
this school, I was able clearly to trace the effects of that 
Christian care under which they had been placed at Haver- 
ford. The beauties of nature are not neglected here. The 
house, which stands on an eminence, is in the midst of a 
pleasure-ground, pleasantly laid out after the English fash- 
ion. The boys had just been raising among themselves and 
their friends, a purse of $2,000, which has since been ex- 
pended on an excellent conservatory. I look back on my 
9 



130 HISTORY OF PIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

visits to both of these seminaries with peculiar gratification. 
Long may they flourish for the intellectual and spiritual 
benefit of our young people." 

At the first meeting in 1839, it was concluded to erect " a 
small frame building, fitted up to answer the purpose of an 
Astronomical Observatory," provided the whole expense 
could be defrayed out of the sum received from the State, 
under a law granting annuities to colleges and academies. 
At the same meeting, the Committee on Property, in re- 
porting the completion of the new greenhouse and work- 
shop, reported that " they were greatly aided by the experi- 
ence, skill and industry of William Carvill, the gardener." 

The decade closes with an apparent loss of interest on 
the part of Managers, and under the shadow of impending 
debt. At five of the Board meetings, in 1839, there was 
no quorum. The polic}^ of liberal table supplies and low 
charges, which raised the number of students to seventy- 
nine in 1837, was abandoned. A long retrenchment report 
recommended rigid economy and reduced diet. In the 
spring of 1840, however, the price of board and tuition was 
again reduced to $200, without avail in averting disaster, 
as we shall see in the next chapter. 



CHAPTER V. 

A STORM APPROACHES— 183Q-46. 

See Freedom's bulwarks in tliy SDns arise, 

And Hampden, Russell, Sydney, in their eyes. — Ebenezer Elliott. 




OLDEST PAPER MILL IN PENNSYLVANIA (NEAPv HAVERFOPvDj. 

The autumn session of 1840 opened with forty-seven 
students. In accordance with the plan of organization 
recently adopted, John Gummere again acted as Superin- 
tendent and Teacher of Mathematics; Daniel B. Smith, 
Teacher of Moral Philosophy, English Literature, etc. ; 

(131) 



132 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Samuel J. Gummere, Teacher of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
guages, Ancient Literature, Mathematics and Natural Phi- 
losophy ; Benjamin V. Marsh, Assistant Superintendent. 

It was a time of great excitement in the political Avorld. 
Rarely, indeed, had part}'' feeling been so strong as it was 
in the canvass of this year. Even at this early period 
might be noticed some faint smouldering of that fire which, 
twenty years later, burst into full blaze, and, in our civil 
war, swept over the country. In it, too, was noticeable the 
beginning of that power in our national affairs which then, 
having little more than infantile strength, has of later years 
assumed an almost gigantic force, and made the great West 
largely the arbiter of the destinies of the nation. 

For, until this time, the controlling power was found, not 
in the East or in the West, but in the representatives from 
the Southern States of the Union. These men, courtly in 
their manner, genial in their disposition, and yet, reared as 
they had been in the atmosphere of slavery, born to com- 
mand, had, in one way or another, gained such influ- 
ence in the House of Representatives, the Senate, the Cabi- 
net, even in the Executive Mansion itself, that their will 
had become practically the law of the land. 

As a result of this, eff'orts were made to prevent in the 
Free States discussion of anti-slavery principles, and so po- 
tent was the Southern influence that, even in the cities of 
Philadelphia and New York, men and women quietly meet- 
ing peacefully to discuss the subject of slavery were ruth- 
lessly mobbed. In 1838 Pennsylvania Hall, a large build- 
ing devoted to freedom, was burned to the ground by a 
mob whom the authorities were powerless or indifferent to 
restrain. Even assassination was resorted to, and Elijah P. 
Lovejoy, a clergyman, the editor of an anti-slavery paper. 



A STORM APPROACHES. 133 

was murdered at Alton, 111. (1837), by a mob who twice 
before had destroyed his printing-press. All these occur- 
rences were quietly but surely telling on the heart of the 
free North, and although they were not recognized as such 
until long after, there can be no doubt that they had much 
to do in developing the enthusiasm with which the nomi- 
nation for the Presidency of William Henry Harrison, a 
man born in Virginia, but identified with the free State of 
Ohio, was received. 

Processions and parades, which are now so familiar to us, 
were then but little known as a feature in the political cam- 
paign, but in this they took a most effective part. It hav- 
ing been sneeringly said that General Harrison was unfit 
for the high office of President because he had lived in a log 
cabin and drunk hard cider, this became an electioneering 
cry, and log cabins, " with the latch-string out," and barrels 
of hard cider appeared at almost every meeting held in his 
favor. This excitement reached even the academic groves 
of Haverford, and in the earliest number of The Collegian, 
issued at this time, is quite a long essay on " The Present 
Political Situation." 

The Collegian, which deserves more than a passing no- 
tice, was a manuscript journal started in 1836 by the 
Loganian Society. Blank sheets of a uniform size were 
furnished to the members, and they were expected to write 
their contributions on these slips, which were stitched to- 
gether and the number for the month issued. After each 
essay came a criticism, generally a favorable, always sup- 
posed to be a kindly, one. Read now, in later years, these 
criticisms, some of them, at least, seem more worthy of criti- 
cism than the essays themselves — certainly they do not add 
much to the dignity of The Collegian. Although these 



134 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

papers were generally written by the students, yet every 
member of the Loganian Society was expected to do his 
part, and many of the best essays came, as might be ex- 
pected, from members of the Faculty, who were also mem- 
bers of this Society. Among the most frequent with these 
contributions was Daniel B. Smith, President of tlie Logan- 
ian Society. A paper of his on " The Lenape Indians " may 
still be read with interest. Several very pretty poems came 
from the same pen. Among the students, Richard H. Law- 
rence, of New York, was, by general consent, acknowledged 
as the first poet, though there were others whose verses did 
them much credit. A poem by Lawrence, which was espe- 
cially admired, was entitled "The Consumptive." By a sad 
coincidence the author, a few years later, died, of the disease 
he had so graphically portrayed. 

The poet Cowper, in his famous "Task,' uses these words: 

" Posterity will ask 
If e'er posterity see verse of mine, 
What was a monitor in George's day ?" 

And so posterity may ask — and " posterity " liere may 
mean the generation of this day — what was a Haverford boy 
in the early days? And hence, perhaps at the risk of seem- 
ing flippant or trifling, we shall attempt to sketch him. The 
average Haverford scholar of 1840-42 was much younger 
than the Haverford student of 1889-90. In the graduation 
class of 1842, the largest class in numbers in the first twenty- 
four years, there was perhaps, with a single exception, not 
one more than seventeen years old. Young as they were, 
the Seniors of 1840-41 assumed to themselves the airs of 
older " men," and, as to wear the Oxford gown would at 
that time have been heresy, they disported themselves in- 
doors and outdoors in what was known as "the toga,'^ a gar- 



A STORM APPROACHES. 135 

ment to which it bore no resemblance whatever, being a 
simple striped or otherwise figured dressing-gown, such as 
is now often worn in the sick-chamber or the study. The 
fancied resemblance to the ancient Roman ^Hoga virilis" 
gave it its chief charm. Its absurdity happily soon led to 
its disuse, and it died out with the session of 1841. In 
athletics, the Haverford boys of 1841-42 had a less extended 
field of action than now, but what was done in this direc- 
tion was well done, and would do no discredit to 1890. 
Cricket was practically unknown ; the ball-alley, for hand- 
ball, which was at first near the main building, and was 
blown down, and replaced by a larger one in the woods, was 
a favorite resort, and showed most skilful balling. "Town- 
ball " was a favorite, while football, played, as its name 
would essentially seem to indicate it should be, with the 
foot and the ball, was immensely popular. The football- 
ground was originally in the rear of the school building, 
but the laundresses having complained that the linen hung 
out to dry invariably came back to them with the marks of 
the football on it, a large plot of ground near the entrance 
to "the lane" was selected, and proved very satisfactory. 
There were no games with outsiders, but matches were 
made up promiscuously from among the students — each 
leader selecting his own supporters by alternate choice, the 
first choice being the result of a "toss-up" — and hugely 
enjoyed. 

In the winter of 1841-2 a match between the Junior and 
Senior classes was hotly contested. The captain of the 
Juniors was, perhaps, the best athlete in the school, and 
had drilled his men well. Victory seemed likely, however, 
to be with the Seniors, when an unlucky kick by one of 
their own number gave their opponents an advantage which 



136 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

they were quick to take hold of, and the victory was with 
the Juniors. As, by a rule of the school, " caps " were not 
to be worn, and as there is a practical incompatibility 
between " top hats " and playing football, the boys of 
1841-42 wore on their heads woollen " comforters," as the}^ 
were called. As these were twisted into various shapes, and 
were of various colors, the effect was rather striking, if not 
picturesque. With that strange inconsistency which, while 
nobly grasping great things for the school failed signally in 
very little ones, this parti-color effect caused uneasiness in 
the minds of some of the older Friends, and an edict went 
forth that for the future these comforters should be of a 
uniform white ! During these years there prevailed among 
the students a craze for collecting moths, butterflies, beetles 
and the like. A good-sized " Luna " was considered a prize 
of the first magnitude, and just as twilight fell these young 
entomologists were seen dotted over the lawn, skirting the 
outlying edges of the woods and other places, armed with 
gauze nets attached to long poles, eager to catch the un- 
wary moth as he left the shelter he had sought during the 
heat of the morning. On the afternoon of Seventh Day, 
armed with hatchet, bottle of alcohol and boxes, they ex- 
plored the neighboring woods and fields in search of cur- 
culios and the like. Viewed from an anti-vivisection stand- 
point, the number of unfortunate creatures thus impaled in 
the interest of science was appalling, while, as has lately 
been suggested by one of these boys, " Haverford con- 
ferred a real benefit on the farmers of the neighborhood 
by the great slaughter of the curculios and other destructive 
insects." 

These and other sports on the lawn and its vicinity were 
one day suddenl}^ interrupted. A messenger from Athens 



A STORM APPROACHES. 137 

(later Athensville, now Ardmore) was seen riding in great 
haste with the alarming intelligence that a mad dog had 
passed through their village, and was coming directly 
toward the school-grounds. The excitement produced by 
this intelligence was intense. Scouts were sent abroad to 
note the approach and act as guards against the enemy. 
The smaller boys — the light infantry, as they were irrever- 
ently called — were summoned to quarters, and every means 
taken for defence. In a little time a tall mongrel yellow 
and white dog was seen making a direct line for the woods 
in the rear of the school. He trotted slowly along, with 
his head and tail down, looking neither to the right nor 
the left, and, showing no disposition for an attack, took 
refuge in a quarry, where he was killed by a young Irish- 
man in the employ of the school named Thomas Weldon. 
The Haverford boy loved a joke, and it was, therefore, with 
intense satisfaction that he read, two days later, in the 
North American, the only daily paper taken at the school, 
the following paragraph : 

" Well-done. — The quiet grounds of Haverford School 
were yesterday the scene of an unusual excitement by the 
appearance in their midst of a dog apparently in the ad- 
vanced stage of madness. He was pursued, overtaken and 
killed by a young man named Wel-don. The courage and 
intrepidity displayed on this occasion are worthy of the 
highest commendation." 

The hete noir of the Faculty in '40-42 was " White Hall," 
better known as " Castner's," an old-fashioned inn on the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, less than a mile from the school. 
There was a bar here, with its display of drinks ; but, ex- 
cept perhaps an occasional indulgence in cider, the boys 
did not drink, or as one of them on his way from " Cast- 



138 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ner's," suddenly confronted by the Superintendent witli 
the question, "Did thou drink anything there?" nervously 
replied, " Nothing but water, and very little of that!" But 
the tempting display of mince-pies was less easily resisted, 
and formed the chief inducement for these surreptitious 
visits. The boys of 1840-42 believe that the die in which 
these pies were cast was broken soon after this date, for 
from that day to this they have eaten none like them. 

The only other place near by, and yet out of bounds, was 
" Purdy's," a little white farmhouse by the turnpike. The 
wildest dissipation ever known here was the rather ex- 
travagant indulgence in oysters on the half-shell. The 
truth is, the restraints of the bounds and of visiting were 
carried to a very absurd extent. One of these laws was 
that, except in case of sickness, no student should visit 
Philadelphia during the college term. It is true that such 
a visit was a much more serious matter than it now is. 
There were but few local trains, and the absence from col- 
lege involved a greater interruption to study than it now 
does. The rule was, as has been said, strictly enforced, and 
it was rare for any of the students, after he had left his 
home in the autumn, to see it again before the spring-time. 
A marked exception to this was made in favor of those 
students whose teeth needed the dentist's care. A local 
doctor having, unfortunately, pulled the wrong tooth, a 
sound one, the outcry was so great that it was determined, 
for the future, to send those needing such treatment to the 
city. It was hardl}^ to be supposed that the charms of the 
dental chair would be sufhcient to lead many to town on 
this pretext; but as truthful historians we are compelled to 
state that an epidemic of diseased teeth soon after prevailed 
to such an extent as to render it necessary to change the 



A STORM APPROACHES. 139 

course of treatment. Parents were now enjoined to see to it 
that their sons' teeth were attended to during the vacation, 
and many imaginary sufferers were obliged to remain at 
the school until the close of the term, in spite of their teeth. 

But, it will be said, what of the studies of these Seniors 
of sixteen and seventeen, in the years 1840-42? The classes 
were then graded as Third Junior, Second Junior, Jun- 
ior and Senior. The Seniors occupied a room adjoining 
the large collecting-room, and, excepting during the recita- 
tion hour, were without the presence of a teacher. Such 
sunsets as the western windows of this room afforded have 
never been seen elsewhere; so, at least, it seemed to them. 

To the Senior Class the Professor of English Literature 
gave a large share of his time and care. Dugald Stewart's 
Philosophy was carefully read aloud to them by him, and 
in such an intelligent manner that it could not fail to in- 
terest ; while his extraordinary course of ethical lectures 
left on their minds impressions of truth which can never 
be effaced. To them, under the Divine blessing, more than 
one of his pupils owed their clearest perceptions of the 
great doctrine of Christ as a Deliverer and Saviour. 

It would be impossible in this sketch to attempt even a 
brief synopsis of these lectures ; this must be left to others \ 
but it would be a serious loss were they, with the death of 
their author, to pass out of notice. Each lecture in full 
was read to the members of the class, and then the heads of 
of it were furnished to them, which they were to copy and 
commit to memory. How well these lessons were learned, 
and how deep the impression made by them, is shown by 
the fact that, although so many years have elapsed since 
they were learned, there is scarcely one of the boys of that 
day who cannot, even now, repeat large portions of them. 



140 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Upham's Mental, and Vethake's Political, Philosophy, 
and Storj on the Constitution of the United States, entered 
into the studies of the Senior year. In mathematics, Gum- 
mere's Astronomy, the Differential and Integral Calculus, 
and Olmsted's Optics were studied by the Seniors. Allusion 
has been made in another chapter to John Gummere, who 
occupied this chair. He then held high rank, if not the 
hishest rank, as a mathematician in the United States. 
Wonderfully learned in these subjects, he was as innocent 
and as free from suspicion as a child. This was shown, 
among other instances, in the manner in which the exam- 
inations on optics were given by him, and which will never 
be forgotten by the boys of that era. Preceding each 
didactic paragraph was the enunciation of the proposition 
to be discussed. John Gummere's practice was to give, say, 
one-half of this announcement interrogatively, then to name 
the pupil, who was expected to reply, and to continue the 
proposition. This led to results greatly enjoyed by his 
pupils, being sometimes very droll, but which never seemed 
to appear so to him. Boys are good judges of character; 
and though the eccentricities of genius often amused them, 
they had a profound admiration for the talents, and a sin- 
cere respect for the genuine worth, of John Gummere. 
Among the Haverford boys of his time he was always 
familiarly known as "Agathos" (the good). 

In ancient languages, were read during the Senior year 
" Longinus de Suhlimitate,'^ the Medea of Euripides and 
Tacitus. The teacher of these studies was Samuel J. Gum- 
mere, one of those rare men who are equally at home with 
mathematics and the languages. He was a good, gentle 
man, who, having but a little time before met with a great 
domestic sorrow, had a sad, kindly face which won at once 



A STORM APPROACHES. 141 

the love and obedience of his pupils. Never harsh, he 
rarely smiled, but even he could not but laugh outright 
with his class when one of their number, rapidly reading 
from Tacitus, translated " reservatum majoribus " " preserved 
for his ancestors ! " 

The park, which is now so beautiful in the luxuriant 
growth of its old trees, was then rich in their vigorous 
youthful growth. Selected and planted with great care, 
there were then many rare trees, some of which have since 
disappeared. Three avenues ran parallel with each other 
in front of the main building, in which handsome shrub- 
bery and choice plants grew luxuriantly ; and the entire 
path from the college to the farmhouse was carefully culti- 
vated on either side. 

The large arbor, to which allusion has already been made, 
in summer covered with grape vines, led to the greenhouse. 
This greenhouse, in winter-time, was filled with choice 
plants. A magnificent Banksia rose, reaching to the roof, 
with hundreds of clusters of its delicate straw-colored blos- 
soms, first met the eye ; while the Triumph of Luxembourg 
and other rare roses were scattered among white and red 
japonicas and smaller flowers. 

All the trees and shrubbery were under the immediate 
care of the gardener, an Englishman by birth, a nursery- 
man by education, who, whatever were his peculiarities of 
disposition, was certainly an expert in his profession. To 
Isaac Collins, among the early Managers, and to William 
Carvill, the gardener, the Haverford of the present day 
owes much of its beauty and attractiveness. 

So far as the moral and intellectual success of the school 
was concerned, it had quite come up to the expectations of 
its founders. As is said in one of their reports, " The disci- 



142 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

pline of the school is peculiarly satisfactory. A firm, mild, 
conciliatory demeanor on the part of the teachers has been 
almost uniformly -met by a prompt compliance with the 
regulations." But to men like the Managers, who from 
their childhood had been taught that to "live within the 
bounds of their circumstances " was a religious duty, the 
steady increase of expenses beyond the receipts became a 
matter of the gravest solicitude. It is touching to read in 
the minutes of the Board what earnest, unwearied efforts 
were put forth by the Managers to remedy this condition of 
affairs, and to avert what, if not arrested, must bring dis- 
aster, if not ruin, on what might almost be called their 
life-work. In common with the greater number of the 
stockholders, they had already, by written agreement, re- 
linquished to the Association all dividends arising out of 
the profits of the institution (5 mo. 6, 1841). Contributions 
came from their own purses, from their friends, and, as 
might almost be said "of their penury," from the teachers 
themselves — for, viewed from our present standpoint, the 
salaries of these teachers seem very meagre. And yet, at a 
meeting of the Board of Managers, held 10th month 28th, 
1840, it is stated that there had been offered to the Associa- 
tion donations from the teachers toward the expenses of the 
school— $300 from one, $200 from another, and $100 from 
a third — the teacher offering this last consenting to give up 
his own house and remove with his little children to the 
school building, at the same time relinquishing annually 
from his salary the sum of $300 ! But at last contributions 
became less and less frequent. For this was a time of unusual 
depression in the business world : it is on record that within 
two years after the 4tli of March, 1837, the mercantile fail- 
ures in the city of New York alone amounted to $100,000^- 
000 — an aggregate, for that day, simply immense. 



A STORM APPROACHES. 143 

Whatever remote possibilities of " dividends " to the stock- 
holders of the Association might have early been indulged 
in, it had never been really contemplated from the start 
that Haverford should be a money-making school — that it 
should be supplied with cheap material, whether this ap- 
plied to its course of instruction, to its internal management 
or to the character of its teachers. As has already been 
shown, the original estimate of the requisite outlay fell short 
of that actually required ; the farm buildings, water-works, 
cistern and various other necessary expenses increased 
the deficit, so that the early years of the Association were 
encumbered with loans, the interest on which, annually 
paid, increased the yearly expenses of the institution beyond 
its receipts, and at the termination of the year 1838, the 
debt of the Association was $17,400. In consequence of 
some necessary additions, this debt was increased during 
the following year to $19,500. Interest was accruing on 
this, and on a further sum of $2,000, during the joint lives 
of a Friend and his wife. Hence it was a pleasing surprise 
when, at a special meeting, held 12th month 24th, 1840, 
Thomas P. Cope read to the Board the following letter from 
Nathan Dunn, a citizen of Philadelphia, who had been for 
many years successfully engaged in business in China and 
the East : 

To the. Managers of Haverford School : 

Dear Friends: I have at all times felt a deep interest 
in the success of your institution, particularly as it is the 
only one in the United States in which the youthful mem- 
bers of the Society of Friends can receive a liberal educa- 
tion under the instruction of professors, members of that 
religious body. 

The success of such an institution cannot but be a matter 



144 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of paramount interest to parents and members, who believe 
the improvement of the mind by a Uberal education to be 
an auxiliary to its religious duties. 

Such, then, being the nature of your institution, I cannot 
but hope it may prove eminently successful; and this sen- 
timent I wish to confirm by a donation to assist to remove 
one of the obstacles to so desirable an end, to wit, its pecu- 
niary embarrassments, by handing to Thomas P. Cope and 
Isaac Collins, Esquires, a draft drawn by Joseph Archer 
on Charles Taylor, dated 12th month 5th, 1840, payable at 
four months, for twenty thousand five hundred and seventy- 
five dollars ($20,575), subject to a condition guaranteed by 
your Thomas P. Cope and Isaac Collins for the return to 
me of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) on a certain contin- 
gency. Believe me, very sincerely, 

[Signed] Nathan Dunn. 

December 24, 1840. 

The following minute was thereupon adopted by the 
Managers : "The munificent donation of our friend, Nathan 
Dunn, of the sum of $20,575 (twenty thousand five hundred 
and seventy-five dollars) having impressed the Board with 
a deep sense of his liberality and a feeling of its obligation 
so to manage the trust committed to it as to promote the en- 
lightened views of the generous donor, Thomas P. Cope and 
Isaac Collins, in conjunction with the Secretary, are directed 
to convey to him the grateful acknowledgments of the 
Managers, and, at the same time, their hearty concurrence 
in his communication addressed to the Board, which has 
been directed to be entered at large upon its minutes." 

But the Managers were not so elated by this happ}^ 
change in their condition as to hold out any delusive hopes 
for the future. On the contrary, they distinctly stated in 
their report the importance of an adequate patronage to 
meet the expenses unavoidably incurred in carrying on 



A STORM APPROACHES. 145 

such a concern, and that without this it must inevitably 
again be involved in debt and perplexities similar to those 
now so happily surmounted. They urged the importance 
of an endowment sufficiently ample to secure the defray- 
ment of its expenditures even when the number of its 
pupils might be reduced to its probable minimum. 

Had this design of the Managers been then accom- 
plished, the subsequent difficulties of the school might 
have been averted. The same pecuniary troubles, which 
rendered it hard to obtain additional subscriptions, dimin- 
ished the number of its pupils, which was now reduced to 
forty-six. 

In the gloom which seemed to be slowly but steadily 
gathering there came a little further light with the follow- 
ing letter from the venerable Thomas P. Cope, which was 
read at a special meeting of the Managers, held 6th month 
29th, 1842 : 

To the Managers of Haverford School : 

Philada., 6th month 22d, 1842. 
Dear Friends : You will receive herewith a certificate 
for 60 shares of stock in the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
Company, issued in the name of Benj. H. Warder, Treasurer, 
the dividends or income whereof are to be appropriated to 
the education of young men at Haverford School, to qualify 
them to become teachers, but who are not of ability to pay 
for their own schooling. These 60 shares cost me, 30th of 
11th month, 1837, $5,065^^0-. The stock is now greatly de- 
pressed, but I trust it will eventually become effectual in 
accomplishing my object in this donation. If Haverford 
School Association should cease to exist, an event which I 
am unwilling to think can happen, my desire is that the 
fund should be applied to the education of young men, of 
the description pointed out by the donor, at any other 
10 



146 HISTORY OF HAVERFOKD COLLEGE. 

school under the direction of Friends. The mode and 
manner of effecting this end I leave to the Association. 

Your friend, 

Thomas P. Cope. 

At an adjourned meeting, held 7th month 1st, 1842, 
present nine Managers, it was agreed to accept the liberal 
donation of sixty shares of stock in the Lehigh Coal and 
Navigation Company, made to the Association by Thomas 
P. Cope, on the terms and for the uses mentioned in his 
letter to the Managers, dated 22d ultimo, and copied at 
large upon the minutes of the last meeting, but upon which 
no further action was then taken for want of a quorum to 
transact business ; and the Secretary was directed to record 
an expression of gratification on the part of the Managers 
with the evidence thus furnished of the warm interest felt 
by the donor in the welfare of the institution, and also that 
a fund has thus been commenced for the very useful pur- 
pose to which the income of this donation is to be applied. 

This generous gift continues in active use. How many 
have been helped by the fund thus started, how great have 
been the benefits conferred by it, how wide-reaching their 
effects, can onlj'^ be fully known to the Searcher of hearts. 
To Thomas P. Cope the Haverford of the early day as of the 
later owes a debt of gratitude which must never be for- 
gotten, though it can never be fully repaid. A successful 
merchant who made the name of Philadelphia known and 
honored in foreign ports, a public-spirited citizen, a valued 
Friend, he was from the very beginning one of the most in- 
terested in the founding of Haverford, and, as has already 
been shown in another chapter, one of the most energetic in 
choosing the site of the school and in obtaining its charter, 
and so long as his strength permitted he continued its 



A STORM APPROACHES. 147 

active friend and a prompt and generous contributor in 
time of need. 

A legacy of $500 from Abraham Hillyard, an early mem- 
ber of the Association, and $2,000 received from the sale of 
a lot on Thirteenth Street to the association known as the 
"Shelter for Colored Orphans," came in usefully to the 
general fund. A special gift from George Howland, of 
New Bedford, for baths with hot and cold water, added 
greatly to the comfort of the students; on the other hand, 
with a view to economize, the Treasurer was requested to 
discontinue the London Quarterly, Edinburgh, The Foreign 
Quarterly a.nd the New York reviews, which had been taken 
for the Faculty and the students. 

The years from 1842 to 1846 were uneventful years, save 
that the coils of debt were slowly but surely tightening on 
the school. The Managers were busied with measures of 
economy, perhaps wise, but at least unavoidable. A Com- 
mittee on Retrenchment was under appointment, who 
"instituted an inquiry into the various items of the cur- 
rent expenses of the school, with a view of ascertaining 
how far they would admit of being reduced without in- 
jury to the institution, and having convinced themselves 
that greater economy might be advantageously practised in 
several particulars, they called the attention of the Super- 
intendent to the subject, and suggested to him some meas- 
ures which seemed to them calculated to aid in promoting 
the object in view." Another committee (on warming the 
house) believed that, " With ordinary attention on the part of 
the Superintendent, the consumption of fuel will be greatly 
lessened, and the economy of the house otherwise promoted 
by lessening the amount of hired help." Toward the close 
of 1843 " a communication from the Council was read, in 



148 HISTORY OF TIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

which it was suggested that as so many of the students are 
too young and too unequally and imperfectly prepared for 
admission into the regular classes, the Second and Third 
Junior Classes be abolished, and that the students compos- 
ing them be instructed on the plan pursued in ordinary 
schools." It was proposed at the same time that the studies 
of the whole school should be under the supervision of a 
single head, to be assisted b}^ two teachers, one of mathe- 
matics and the other of ancient languages," and that a stew- 
ard should be appointed to manage the domestic affairs. 
These propositions were approved by the Board, and, so far 
as appears, were carried into effect. Among other affairs, 
the management of the farm claimed a good deal of atten- 
tion, and it may be entertaining to our readers to peruse 
the subjoined extract from the report of the Property Com- 
mittee for this year. They report that the proceeds of the 
farm are as follows (we give them in part only): 

1,4642 gallons new milk, at 12^ and 15 cents per gallon $195 93 

1,468} " skimmed milk, at 10 and 12 cents per gallon... 160 01 

152 quarts cream, at 20 cents per qnart 30 40 

2,413 pounds butter, at 18 cents per pound 434 34 

1,412 " veal, ate " " 84 72 

1,642 " beef, at 5 " " 82 10 

900 bushels potatoes, at 30 cents per bushel 270 00 

100 " corn, at 45 " " 45 00 

420 " wheat, at 80 " " 336 00 

After giving the receipts and expenditures in detail, the 
committee add that "they have endeavored to avoid all 
unnecessary expenditures of money, and have confined 
themselves to those repairs which were absolutely required 
to preserve the property of the Association ; the farmer has 
for some time back been desirous of having an ice-house 
constructed, but in the present state of our funds the com- 
mittee do not deem it desirable to incur the expense." The 



A STORM APPROACHES. 149 

only reference to the important resignations of John Gum- 
inere and his family is found on the record of the same day, 
as follows : " The steward is directed to receive from the 
late Superintendent the sum of $1,000 deposited in his 
hands, etc." It may be inferred that the resignation fol- 
lowed the proposed changes. 

John Gummere and his wife had long and faithfully de- 
voted themselves to the interests of Haverford. Elizabeth 
Gummere was not only a helpmeet to her husband, but 
watched with tender, motherly care over the younger lads 
and those that were ill, so much so, indeed, that there was 
often the temptation to prolong the illness, to continue under 
her kind care. Benjamin V. Marsh also resigned the assist- 
ant superintendency, and Samuel J. Gummere his chair; 
aud Henry D. Gregory, who was afterward teacher of a 
successful private school in Philadelphia, and is now Vice- 
President of Girard College, succeeded the latter as Teacher 
of the Latin and Greek Languages and Ancient Literature. 
This appointment was made in the 9th month, 1843, and in 
the same month Joseph W. Aldrich was appointed Teacher 
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Daniel B. 
Smith was made Principal, the " single head " provided in 
the plan. 

In the 11th month following, it was decided to notify 
Jonathan Barton, the farmer, to give the Managers posses- 
sion of the farm at the expiration of his lease, and " the com- 
mittee was authorized to make an arrangement with the 
steward to take charge of the farm in addition to his present 
duties." The salary of the steward and his wife was, in 
consequence, "raised to $500 per annum." This, surely, 
was the day of small things ; but, then, Jonathan Richards 
could buy milk at 3 cents a quart, beef at 5 cents a pound 



150 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

and potatoes at 30 cents a bushel. The committee ventured 
to spend $150 for a new spring-house contiguous to the 
water-wheel, enabling the dairyman to churn butter with- 
out a horse. One year later, the efficient services of Will- 
iam Carvill, the gardener, were dispensed with. 

In the 6th month, 1845, a committee was appointed to 
consider the financial condition of the school, and in the 
8th month the following communication was received from 
Daniel B. Smith : 

To the Managers of Haverford School: 

Respected Friends : I feel that the situation of my 
family and the duties I owe it require me to relinquish my 
present engagement at Haverford. Not wishing to embar- 
rass the Managers either by abruptly leaving the school or 
by being in the way of other arrangements, I can only add 
that the earliest period at which I can be released will be 
most acceptable. I cannot close this communication with- 
out returning my hearty thanks to the Managers for the 
uniform kindness and indulgence with which they have 
treated me, and expressing the hope that the institution 
over which I have presided may, under happier auspices 
and in abler hands, realize the expectations of its founders. 

[Signed], Daniel B, Smith. 

It was at an adjournment of the same meeting at which 
this resignation was read that a committee reported that " it 
was their united judgment that it would not be consistent 
with the duty which the Board owes to the Association to 
continue the school after the close of the present term, with 
the certain prospect of a large accumulation of debt." The 
teachers were immediately notified that their services were 
no longer needed, and the school was suspended. 

At the stated meeting of the Board, which was held on 
the 28th of 11th month, the record throws valuable light 



A STORM APPROACHES. 151 

on two somewhat controverted points. This record states 
that "the Secretary was directed to communicate to our 
friend, Daniel B. Smith, the sense which this Board enter- 
tains of the great value of his services, and their regret that 
any circumstances should have rendered them no longer 
available for the benefit of the institution. The Committee 
on Instruction were authorized to dispense with their stated 
meetings during the suspension of the school. The Committee 
on Library and Apparatus were directed to discontinue such 
periodicals as they may deem unnecessary ivhile the school 
remains suspended." An address was prepared and sent 
"to the friends of the institution, in relation to its suspen- 
sion, and the means by which it may be permanently sup- 
ported." These records show conclusively that only a short 
temporary suspension was contemplated, and if further 
evidence were needed it is found in the fact that before the 
end of 1845 a movement was on foot to seek from the 
Legislature authority to admit into the institution " the 
children of professors with Friends who may desire them 
to be educated in conformity with our religious principles 
and testimonies." And this would seem to be a fitting 
time to insert memorials of the two notable men who had 
so much to do with launching this ship and safely guiding 
her into the deeper waters; for both of them left a per- 
manent impress upon the whole subsequent course of school 
and college. They were both Friends of the old-fashioned 
type ; both wore the ancient, Friendly garb, and clung 
lovingly to the testimonies. They would both have wished 
it to be only a Friends' School ; and however much it may 
have changed from its original character in these later 
days, much yet remains to characterize it as a Quaker in- 
stitution, and distinguish it from other colleges, which we 



152 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

owe in great part to the uncompromising faithfulness to 
their convictions of these friends of our early days. 

The following sketch of John Gummere's life is adapted 
from a memorial of him by the late William J. Allinson, writ- 
ten soon after his death in 1845. Of this memorial, S. Austin 
Allibone says, in his "Dictionary of Authors:" "It is a 
well-merited tribute to the learning and virtues of a ripe 
scholar and an excellent man. ... It may be truly 
said — we speak from our own experience — that the former 
disciples of John Gummere never approached their old 
master without sentiments of affection and esteem." 

His family came from Flanders, Johann Goemere, the 
ancestor who emigrated to America having died in German- 
town, Pa., in 1738. John Gummere was born near Willow 
Grove, Pennsylvania, in the year 1784, with none of those 
external advantages which give a pledge of distinction. His 
parents were pious, industrious, but poor. He had no other 
opportunities of education than those afforded by the 
most common country schools, at a time when those schools 
were far below their present standard — a standard which, we 
may safely say, he has materially aided in elevating. Rarely 
was anything more attempted in them than the acquire- 
ment of reading, writing and arithmetic, and in these 
branches only he received instruction till the age of nineteen. 
Yet at quite an early age he had fully mastered arithmetic ; 
and it should be here noted that his father, who was at one 
time postmaster of Stroudsburgh, Pa., and was a recorded 
minister of Friends, was a very remarkable arithmetician, 
and could solve any problem which could be solved by 
mere arithmetic, beyond which he had never gone. At an 
early age (perhaps 13 years) John commenced, by himself, 
the study of mathematics, and, without any other aid 



A STOEM APPROACHES. 153 

than that of books, made himself m. aster of algebra, men- 
suration, geometry, trigonometry, surveying and practical 
astronomy. It is said of him that he studied, book in hand, 
while guiding the plough. When 19 years old he com- 
menced his lifetime career in the important vocation of a 
teacher, by accepting the care of a country school at 
Horsham, Pa. After teaching six or nine months he went 
as pupil to the Friends' Boarding-School at Westtown, 
and was six months under the tuition of Enoch Lewis, for 
whom he always cherished sentiments of respect and af- 
fection. He then went to Rancocas, in Burlington County, 
N. J., and taught a school about six years, during which 
time he married. In the year 1811 he went to West- 
town as a teacher, where the many excellent traits of his 
character were usefully developed, and where, during his 
tarriance of three years, his services were highly appreci- 
ated. In the spring of 1814 he opened his Boarding-School 
in Burlington. A teacher, of the right stamp, ranks high 
as a philanthropist, and pursues his important calling from 
other than mercenary motives. In the carrying on of this 
establishment he was utterly regardless of pains or expense, 
when the benefit of those placed under his care was to be 
promoted ; and the writer has known of instances of pupils 
whom he has schooled, lodged and clothed for years after 
he had found that there was no prospect of remuneration. 
... No better institution was to be found in the country, 
and it was patronized by parents in most of the United 
States and in a number of the West India islands. . . . 
His school was remarkably well drilled, and kept in order 
without any severity. His power over his pupils was ab- 
solute, because he ruled alike the judgment and the affec- 
tions. So strong was the sentiment of affection (which we 



154 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

have already described as amounting almost to a passion) 
that he was repeatedly known to quell disaffection by the 
moral power of a grieved look. 

Before he reached the age of 25 years his reputation as a 
scholar was well established, and he enjoyed the correspond- 
ence of Robert Adrain, Nathaniel Bowditch, and others of 
the most prominent mathematicians of the day. He con- 
tinued rapidly increasing his stock of mathematical knowl- 
edge up to the age of 40 or 45 years, by which time he confess- 
edly ranked among the most prominent mathematicians of 
America. . . . He also became well versed in natural 
philosophy and physical science generally, and his attain- 
ments in general literature were respectable. He was for 
thirty-one years a member of the American Philosophical 
Society, and some valuable papers on astronomical subjects, 
contributed by him, are preserved in its "Transactions." 
He was at one time solicited to accept the chair of mathe- 
matics in the University of Pennsylvania; but this honor, 
though accompanied by the offer of a liberal compensation, 
he decided, after mature deliberation, to decline. In the 
year 1825 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him 
by the College of New Jersey at Princeton. His well-known 
treatise on Surveying was first published in 1814, and has 
run through twenty-two editions. His treatise on Theoreti- 
cal and Practical Astronomy is also a work of high merit. 
It has passed through three editions, and is employed as 
the text-book of the Military Academy at West Point and 
others of the best scientific institutions in this country. 

He was a man of sound, discriminating judgment, of 
peculiar sensibility, and amiable to an unusual degree, com- 
bining a rational economy with great liberality of feeling 
and action. Those traits were beautifully though un- 



A STORM APPROACHES. 155 

obtrusively manifested in his domestic and social inter- 
course. He was a good and useful citizen, never opposing 
private interest against public benefit. . . . It is testi- 
fied of him, by those who knew him most intimately through 
life, that they never heard him, throughout his manhood, 
speak evil or slightingly of any one. And such was his 
tenderness of the reputation of others, that he rarely heard 
an individual spoken harshly of without putting in some 
caveat, mentioning some good trait, if the person alluded 
to was known to him. . . . His life was spent in the 
observance of daily devotion, and a daily settlement of 
his soul's accounts with " the God of the spirits of all 
flesh." He died on the 31st of the 5th month, 1845, in the 
sixty-first year of his age. His family have contributed a 
remarkable number of preceptors to Haverford; his two 
sons, William and Samuel J.; the latter. President of the 
college; his two sons-in-law, William Dennis and Benjamin 
V. Marsh, and his grandson. Dr. Francis Barton Gummere, 
have all added, several of them conspicuously, to the stand- 
ing of the institution; but none of them have shown a 
more illustrious combination of intellectual and spiritual 
qualities than this admirable ancestor, who was one of the 
intramural founders. 

Daniel B. Smith was born 7th month 14th, 1792, and must, 
therefore, have been about eight years younger than his 
principal colleague. He received his literary education in 
the school of John Griscom, at Burlington, N. .J., at that 
day a somewhat famous seminary. After leaving school, 
he studied pharmacy with John Biddle, in Philadelphia. 
Upon acquiring a knowledge of chemistry and practical 
pharmacy, he was for a while the partner of his preceptor, and 
after his decease, which occurred soon after Daniel B. Smith 
became of age, entered into partnership with William 



156 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Hodgson, a man of considerable erudition, afterward an 
author of some repute, and, like himself and his late part- 
ner, much interested in education. Smith & Hodgson 
conducted a large and successful wholesale drug-house in 
Philadelphia for many years. 

Our friend, Daniel B. Smith, was one of the founders of 
the College of Pharmacy, and for twenty-five years its Presi- 
dent. This college has taken a leading position in the 
scientific instruction in pharmacy, students coming to it 
from every part of the United States, and from Canada, 
Cuba, and European countries. The Journal of Pharmacy, 
and the famous '•' U. S. Dispensatory " of Drs. Wood and 
Bache, both emanated from this school. Our friend was one 
of three citizens who originated the Apprentices' Library 
of Philadelphia, in 1820, a most beneficent institution for 
the free distribution of books by loan to the apprentice class. 
The apprentice system is now long out of date, but the 
library still flourishes and does good to thousands of youth 
in limited circumstances. Among the corporators of the 
" Old Philadelphia Saving Fund," now a great institution, 
with about 32 millions of dollars on deposit, was the 
name of Daniel B. Smith. He was present at the first meet- 
ing, presided over by Chief Justice Tilghman, at which the 
initial steps were taken to found the House of Refuge for 
Juvenile Delinquents, Philadelphia's great Reform School, 
and was one of its incorporators. He was a sincere and 
devoted lover of science, and a member of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and 
the Franklin Institute. He was one of the very earliest 
members of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and, as 
we have seen, prominent among the founders of Haverford 
College. Here, as instructor and guide to the growing 
minds of youth, he distinguished himself greatly, "primus 



A STORM APPROACHES. 157 

inter pares,'' especially by his ethical lectures and addresses, 
one of which, his " Opinions Respecting a Moral Sense," 
survives in print to bear witness to his literary ability. 
After leaving the college he withdrew to private life, and 
delighted in his favorite studies of botany and conchology, 
and in his well-stored library in Cottage Row, German town, 
passed many congenial days among books, at one time un- 
dertaking, and writing as far as the end of the Colonial 
Period, a " History of the United States," for the Text-book 
Association, of which he was an active member. Old age 
overtook him in the midst of this work, and it never saw 
the light. He died, 3d month 29th, 1883, at the ripe age 
of nearly 91 years, revered by his cotemporaries, but especi- 
ally by those who had once been his scholars. Seldom do 
men of such marked personality escape opposition, and 
Daniel B. Smith was no exception, and yet few head-masters 
have inspired their pupils with a greater reverence for their 
memory, or stamped a deeper impress on the pupils' character. 

It is not for us to criticise the action of the Managers in 
closing the school. At the distance of forty-five years from 
the scene, it looks precipitate and too heroic a remedy for 
the disease. But it is not easy, so long afterward, to see all 
the causes that conspired to bring them to this desperate 
conclusion, and we must rest in their known good judgment. 

In a pamphlet issued at the time, the reasons are set forth 
mainly in the following paragraph : 

" At the close of the last term a debt had been incurred 
of about $4,000, and the continuance of the school would, 
in all probability, have greatly increased the amount. Al- 
though the valuable real estate of the Association is free 
from incumbrance, to have continued the school under these 
circumstances must sooner or later have involved it in great 
embarrassment. Painful as was the alternative, the Mana- 



158 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

gers believed it was their duty to prevent the waste of the 
property intrusted to them, by closing for a time the doors 
of the institution, and to make another appeal to its friends 
for such aid as would effectually prevent the recurrence of 
so mortifying a event." 

They again state that they believe an endowment of 
$50,000 requisite for the prosperous maintenance of the 
school. They adduce the example of the boarding-school 
at Westtown, the schools of England and elsewhere, as pro- 
tected by endowment, or powerfully supported against the 
contingencies to which such institutions are liable. 

It would thus appear that the suspension of the school 
was expected to be a temporary, not a permanent one, and 
in the wisdom of the step, painful as it was, every friend of 
Haverford acquiesced. 

And yet, with what intensity of disappointment and sor- 
row this announcement was made we may faintly imagine, 
though we can never fully measure it. In the Board of 
1845 were men who had been there since the first concep- 
tion of "The Friends' Central School." They gave to it 
the vigor of their early manhood and the mature wisdom 
of their riper years. The sacrifice of their time, the sacri- 
fice of their money, they counted as but dust in the balance 
when weighed against the good they hoped to accomplish 
for the young men of the Society of Friends. 

They had entered on their solemn engagement, not un- 
advisedly or lightly, but soberly, discreetly, and, it may be 
reverently added, in the fear of God. They were too wise 
not to know that uncertainties might attend them, reverses 
come to them, perhaps even disaster overwhelm them ; but, 
as if she had been a bride, they pledged themselves to 
Haverford — for better, for worse ; for richer for poorer ; in 



A STORM APPROACHES. 



159 



sickness and in health, till death should overtake them — 
and they kept the troth they had thus plighted. 

Death came to some of them, and their places knew them 
no more. Here and there the many worries alienated others ; 
but in the Board of Managers of 1845 were men who, during 
all the chances and changes of years, never lost their love, 
weakened in their devotion or failed in their duty to Haver- 
ford. Ever to be gratefully remembered by the friends of 
Haverford are the names of Thomas P. Cope, Charles Yar- 
nall, Isaac Collins, Thomas Kimber, Henry Cope, Edward 
Yarnall and George Stewardson, of Philadelphia; Joseph 
King, Jr., of Baltimore; Samuel Parsons and William F. 
Mott, of New York; and George Howland, of New Bedford. 

This was, indeed, the darkest, saddest day in the history 
of Haverford. How out of that darkness came light, and 
out of that sorrow came jo}^ will be told in another chapter. 




REVOLUTIONARY POWDER MILL, NEAR WYNNEWOOD. 



CHAPTER VI. 
OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER— 184(3-48. 

Who's now on top, ere long may feel 

The circliDsr motion of the wheel. — Thomas Ellwood. 




ONE 01'^ THE SHADY HAUNTS OF THE STUDENTS. 

The Managers, as has been said, closed the school at the 
end of the summer term of 1845. No note of an intention 
to do so appeared in their report to the Association in the 
spring of that year. They had then dwelt with emphasis 
upon the good organization of the school and the progress 
of tlie students. Of these they had reported the average 

(KiO) 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 161 

number during the year to have been about thirty-nine. 
During the previous year it had been thirty-six. As far 
back as 1837 the average had been about seventy-four, the 
number at one time reaching seventy-nine, and serious 
thoughts had been entertained of enlarging the school 
buildings to accommodate 100. Various causes, with which 
the widespread financial troubles of the country had proba- 
bly something to do, had reduced the average thus greatly. 
The slight increase from thirty-six to thirty-nine had given 
the Managers hope, and made them hesitate to break up 
the school and disband the excellent corps of officers. 
But, toward the close of the term, they discovered that 
only twenty-five students wished to enter for the coming 
year. A school of this size would add several thousand 
dollars per annum to the debt; but notwithstanding this 
drain, the school might have been continued for several 
years by mortgaging its real estate, which had cost $80,000, 
and was unencumbered. 

But the Managers had, perhaps, rightly judged that this 
fund had not been committed to their care to be frittered 
away in the education of so few, and as good trustees they 
had closed the school and determined to report the facts to 
the Association. This they did on 9th month 22d, 1845, to 
a special meeting. This meeting appointed a committee to 
consider what was best to be done, and authorized it to con- 
sult counsel. 

This meeting adopted also the following minute, reiterat- 
ing the sentiment of the Managers: 

" Our friend, Daniel B. Smith, having resigned his situa- 
tion as Principal of the school, the Association deems it 
proper to record upon its minutes the sense which it enter- 
tains of his devotion to the interests of the institution, the 
11 



162 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

great value of his services, and the- deep regret that any 
circumstances should deprive it of the advantage of his 
talents, experience and literar}^ attainments." 

The committee' called a few friends together for consulta- 
tion, and early in the following month unanimously reported 
at an adjourned meeting that it was necessary to secure not 
less than $50,000 for a permanent fund, the income of which 
should be devoted to the general purposes of the school, 
and aid in educating young men for teachers. 

They were able to say the subscription to the fund had 
been liberally begun, and that several friends had made 
verbal promises of further aid. The progress of the sub- 
scription had been arrested, however, by a matter upon 
which the judgment of the Association was required. The 
Articles of Association, which had been adopted at the 
meeting in 1833, provided that no pupil should be ad- 
mitted w^io was not a member, or the son of a member, of the 
Society of Friends. They seemed to be fundamental and 
unalterable. 

In the belief of the committee this restriction had been 
one cause of failure ; and the school would not have been 
forced to suspend, could it have received the children of 
professors or of descendants of Friends desirous of being 
educated as Friends; nor could it, even if supplied with 
$50,000 additional capital, be properly supported under the 
existing restriction, and this restriction, although funda- 
mental, was not unalterable. 

The discipline of the Society of Friends recognizes that 
trusts, when they cannot be administered in precise accord- 



^ Tlie committee was Daniel B. Smith, Charles Yarnall, George Howland, 
Josiah Tatum, George Stewardson, Abram I^. Pennock, Thomas Kimber, 
Isaiah Hacker and Townsend Sharpless. 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 163 

ance with the terms of their creation, may be administered 
as nearly to those terms as possible. This is the legal doc- 
trine of si pres. 

We have faithfully adhered to our trust. We have ad- 
mitted none but Friends, and the school has gone down. 
Is it not wiser, is it not our duty, to admit those who, if not 
Friends, wish to be like Friends, rather than to disappoint 
all the expectations of those who founded Haverford ? 

So reasoned the committee, and they proposed that the 
subject be submitted to a special meeting of the Association 
for decision. The meeting hesitated to adopt this proposi- 
tion, and instructed the committee to report the opinion of 
counsel to another adjournment of the meeting a week later. 
To this adjournment the committee reported that they had 
made a statement of the case to counsel, and received an 
opinion. It is as follows : 

Opinion. 

" I have considered this case, and am of opinion that the 
fundamental rules of the Constitution of the Haverford 
School Association cannot be altered in the manner pro- 
posed without the consent of all the contributors and an 
alteration of the charter by the Legislature. The Constitu- 
tion of the Association as it existed at the time of the incor- 
poration is referred to and embraced in the Act, as the basis 
of the application of the rents, issues and profits, income 
and interest of the corporate estate, and whatever was fun- 
damental and unalterable by that Constitution, is so under 
the charter of incorporation. 

" Horace Binney. 

"Philadelphia, October 8, 1845." 

This distinguished personage, in his day the foremost 
lawyer in the Commonwealth; perhaps in the country, thus 



164 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

showed that by the payment of money under an agreement 
as to the appHcation of its income, the Constitution of the 
Association of Haverford School had been so interwoven 
into the law of the State that nothing save the touch of that 
sovereign law, and the assent of those who had bound them- 
selves together, could dissolve the compact. 

Acting in accordance with this opinion, the meeting in- 
structed the Managers to seek legislation permitting the 
proposed change in the rules of the Association, and ap- 
pointed a committee to secure the written consent of the 
stockholders. It also instructed the Managers to issue an 
address to Friends upon the condition of the school. To 
memorialize the Legislature, Thomas P. Cope and Charles 
Yarnall were appointed, and to prepare the address to 
Friends a committee of nineteen, of which Thomas P. Cope 
was chairman. 

A memorial was presented to the Legislature, stating that 
restricting students to the Society of Friends had been 
found to be " inconvenient and injurious." The committee 
also presented the draft of a bill to enable the members of 
the Association, or a majority of them, to amend the act 
which incorporated it, on condition that no regulation be 
made contrary to the act itself, or to the laws and Constitu- 
tion of the Commonwealth. 

The memorial and bill were drawn by the same distin- 
guished lawyer who had given the opinion. For all these 
services, to his honor be it said, he charged a fee of only $20. 

The bill passed the Legislature, was aj)proved by the Gov- 
ernor, and became a law, 1st month 22d, 1847. 

The supplement to the charter was unanimously accepted 
by a special meeting of the Association, the written con- 
sent of nearly every member was obtained to the proposed 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 165 

changes regulating admission of students, and upon 2d 
month 27th, 1847, the Managers unanimously resolved 
upon a cautious widening of Rule III, so as to admit the 
children of professors with Friends to an education "in con- 
formity with the principles and testimonies of our religious 
Society." 

Thus circumspectly did those who concerned themselves 
with the welfare of Haverford avoid whatever might disturb 
the foundations on which the institution rested, or under- 
mine the education it seeks to give in accordance with the 
principles of the religious Society of Friends. 

In their report to the Association, made oth month 14th, 
1849, after the revival of the school, the Managers express 
the hope that the coming summer term will open with as 
many as forty-seven students, which number, they state, is 
so nearly sufficient for the support of the school as to create 
an assurance that admissions may soon again be restricted 
to members of our religious Society, and to those who shall 
have been carefully educated in our religious profession. 

Does not this sentiment give rise to reflection? Why 
should Haverford exist? Only for the few who, being in 
membership with Friends, are technically Quakers, and for 
the few who have been reared by Quakers, or for the many 
who are in sympathy with them ? Is the former motive too 
narrow, and the latter too broad? Is not this the correct 
rule of action — that Haverford shall teach Christianity as 
believed and practised by Friends, and that all who will 
may listen ? Who can tell how large this audience may 
become ? 

The historian Bancroft, writing of George Fox, says : 
" On his death-bed, the venerable apostle of equality was 
lifted above the fear of dying, and, esteeming the change 



166 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

hardly deserving of mention, his thoughts turned to the 
New World. Pennsylvania and Delaware and West New 
Jersey and now Rhode Island and, in some measure, North 
Carolina were Quaker States; as his spirit, awakening from 
its converse with shadows, escaped from the exile of fallen 
humanity, nearh'^ his last words were, 'Mind poor Friends 
in America.' His works praise him. Neither time nor 
place can dissolve fellowship with his spirit." The dying 
hero had taught truths contained in the religion neither of 
the Cavalier nor of the Puritan, deeper than the creeds of 
either Bishop or Presbyter. 

When we reflect how many were his disciples, and, look- 
ing around us to-day, see how many not members of the 
Society he founded yet bear the impress of his teachings, 
may we not believe it is " fellowship with his spirit " that is 
opening wider the doors of Haverford ? 

Report was made to the Board of Managers on 1st month 
30th, 1846, that the law permitting the amendment to the 
charter had been passed, and also that "The Address to 
Friends " had been issued. 

This address recounted the usefulness and the needs of 
Haverford, dwelt upon the benefits of the proposed endow- 
ment, indicated that the income would defray the expenses 
of fifteen students, and thus open the way for educating 
teachers and promoting the cause of sound learning, and 
closed with some noble paragraphs : 

"There are few modes, we are persuaded, in which the 
abundance which has rewarded the labor of many of our 
Friends, and has descended to others from their ancestors, 
can be made more widely and permanently useful than in 
contributing to endow a seminary such as has been founded 
at Plaverford. The wealth which is thus made to contribute 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 167 

to that ' good instruction ' which, in the language of William 
Penn, ' is better than riches,' is truly ennobled by the appli- 
cation ; and it is more likely to return to the family of the 
donor, through its benefits to his remote descendants, than 
when expended in any other charity, or than when left to 
his natural heirs themselves. 

"In no country in the world, perhaps, are riches more 
fugitive than in ours ; and hence the greater necessity of a 
provident wisdom in endowing and rendering permanent 
institutions of learning, to instruct, to adorn, and to bless 
future generations, and thus to place the means of good in- 
struction and religious education beyond the reach, so far 
as we may, of the changes of the world. 

" When we reflect upon the earnestness with which 
William Penn and his associates undertook the founding 
of a public school, upon a very broad basis, for instruction 
' in the languages, arts and sciences,' while they were yet 
but a feeble band of emigrants, hardly seated in their new 
homes, and upon the contributions which were ixiade under 
such circumstances to promote a liberal course of instruc- 
tion, we cannot persuade ourselves that an institution 
founded with the same object, seeking to perpetuate an 
attachment to the same religious principles, and in the 
midst of a community surrounded by the accumulated re- 
sources of many generations, will be suffered to fall for 
want of an adequate endowment.^ 

" Twelfth month, 1845." 

These measures prepared the wa}'' for the work of the 
Committee on Subscriptions to the Fund. 

^ The Address was signed by the following Friends: Thos. P. Cope, John 
Farnuna, W. E. Hacker, Edward Yarnall, John Elliott, Charles Yarnall, 
Josiah Tatiim, Thomas Kimber, Alfred Cope, Charles Ellis, Elihu Pickering, 
Henry Cope, Isaiah Hacker, David Scull, Paul W. Newhall, Samuel Hilles, 
Josepli King, Jr., Townsend Sharpless and Samuel Rhoads. 



168 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

This committee was able to report on 5tli month 11th, 
1846, to the annual meeting of the Association that it had 
secured $25,000, conditional upon the complete sum of 
$50,000 being subscribed by the next annual meeting. 

The sixt}'' shares of Lehigh Navigation Company stock, 
which had been given by Thomas P. Cope; the gift by 
Joseph Ely of a reversionary interest in a house near 
Eighth and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, and certain other 
sums, seemed to the committee to be applicable to the 
endowment.^ They thought $17,000 more to be needed; 
and though impressed with the injury being done to the 
Society of Friends by the suspension of the school, and 
hopeful of some future reopening of it, they did not ex- 
pect an early success, and appear to have been discouraged. 

The committee, which consisted of fourteen, was dis- 
charged. To continue the labor a new committee was 
chosen, six of whom had been on the former committee. 

Meanwhile, the debt of $4,000 had increased to $5,000; 
and the income of the farm, which had been leased to 
Jonathan Richards for a net yearly rental of about $500, 
was being absorbed in the maintenance of the general 
property. The Association requested the Managers to en- 
deavor to pay the debt by voluntary subscriptions, and, if 
this could not be done, authorized them to mortgage the 
farm for $6,000. The Managers did their best. But the 
summer and Fall passed away, and the debt remained 
unpaid. 

Late in the 11th month, despairing of further subscrip- 
tions, either toward the debt or Endowment Fund, they 

^Besides stock, scholarsliiiis of $4,000 each were offered. These entitled 
holders to forever maintain one student at Haverford for each certificate. 
One certificate is known to have done duty in educating six active men of 
one familv, and to have tiien been released IVoni siiili liabiliiv. 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 169 

authorized the Committee on Property to sell the farm-stock 
and utensils, greenhouse, plants, household and school 
furniture and philosophical instruments, and to lease the 
farm and the school buildings, either separately or together, 
for one year or a term of years, and to place the libraries 
and minerals in safe keeping. Acting on this authority the 
committee sold enough farming stock and utensils to re- 
duce the debt to $3,000, and on 12th month 19th, 1846, the 
school buildings, lawn and farm were offered for lease for 
a term of years by public advertisement in The Friend. It 
did not break the force of this sad announcement that 
liberal terms were proposed to any Friend who would, at 
his personal risk, undertake the task in which the Mana- 
gers had failed, nor that they proffered their personal assist- 
ance to such an one. But these melancholy proceedings 
and this sad result had not been unwatched. Upon the 
very day of the advertisement a call was issued for a general 
meeting of the Haverford students at the school. The call 
was made by a self-constituted committee — Charles L. 
Sharpless, Francis R. Cope, Charles Foster, Joseph Howell, 
Jr., Henry G. Sharpless, R. Lindley Murray, Thomas Kim- 
ber, Jr., and Dr. Henry Hartshorne. A day's sport in old 
scenes was the alleged motive of the call. A meeting of the 
Loganian Society, an old-fashioned game of football and a 
meal in the old dining-room were proposed. 

Bat there was something more than this. '' The students 
of Haverford had not been indifferent to the noble efforts 
of its older friends," and behind the call to a day of sport 
there lurked the hope that something might be done to aid 
them to avert disaster from the school. 

" The scheme," to quote the words of an historical account 
of it prepared some years later for the Alumni Society — 



170 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" the scheme was a bold and novel one, and no marvel that 
our worthy elder Friends doubted at first the propriety of 
such a promiscuous gathering as was likely to take place. 
No wonder that none of the Managers and but one of the 
older preceptors of the institution sanctioned the occasion 
by their presence." 

But the wife of a former Superintendent, the "kind and 
courageous Mary W. Davis, personally superintended the 
entertainment, which was plenteous and well ordered, and 
by her co-operation and presence "eminently contributed 
to the dignity and interest of that festal day." 

It was, indeed, a gala day of the ex-students. 

" A rare scene awaited those who came late. The lawn, 
which had been bare and silent for a year or two, or ten- 
anted only by cornstalks and cattle, w^as now alive with the 
spirit of boyish sport, animating the bodies of those mostly 
grown up to sober manhood. 

" The football flew vigorously, as of yore ; married and 
unmarried, farmers and men of merchandise, busy men 
and idlers, all showing that what the cares of life had taken 
from their youth, was revived in breathing the air of their 
old haunts. 

" Many weary limbs, and some bruised ones, were among 
those which, after this and a game of corner-ball, bore those 
gathered to partake of their welcome dinner. The tables 
were arranged as nearly as possible in the order of years 
ago, and gave, besides a good repast, a most natural and 
delightful fund of recollections." 

At the meeting of the Loganian Society, Samuel J. Gum- 
mere was made chairman, and Henry Hartshorne secre- 
tary. About ninety members answered the roll-call, several 
of whom came in honor of the occasion from Baltimore and 
New York. 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 171 

Resolutions were adopted by the meeting creating the 
Managers of the Haverford School Association trustees of 
the Loganian Society ; thanking the late trustees ; declar- 
ing with what lively interest its members revert to the 
pleasures and advantages the Society has afforded them ; 
announcing affectionate remembrance of former teachers, 
and, with increasing experience, more full appreciation of 
their value; and also the sincere grief of the members at 
the loss which they have sustained by the death of their 
worthy and esteemed friend, John Gummere. 

Upon the motion of Lindley Fisher, one of the most influ- 
ential of the old students, it was 

"Resolved, That this meeting views with sincere regret the 
continued suspension of Haverford School ; that its mem- 
bers pledge themselves individually to use their best efforts 
for the advancement of the interests of the institution ; and 
that, in order to promote these, they will endeavor to raise 
the sum of at least fifty dollars each by subscription." 

" Daniel B. Smith, Lindley Fisher, Robert B. Parsons, 
Thomas Kimber, Jr., and James J. Levick were appointed 
a committee to carry this motion into effect, and were 
authorized to call a meeting of the Society at such time as 
they may think proper." 

The enthusiasm which had taken such a practical form 
was heightened by an address, entitled " Haverford Re- 
visited," by Isaac S. Serrill, a graduate of the school. It is 
not easy to condense the delicate witchery of this beauti- 
ful speech. Delivered to strong, active and outreaching 
men, drawn from the haunts of their business to those 
of their boyhood, thronging halls and grounds erstwhile 
vacant, now resounding with the glad greetings of unfor- 
gotten school-fellows, or echoing from old familiar places 
their footsteps and their shouts, it spoke not only of the 



172 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

scenes and doings of the scliool-boy time, the class-room, the 
library or the town-ball ground ; not only of youth's fancies 
or aspirations — those intimations of immortality, the dreams 
that come with birth and light our childhood — but, with 
the true instinct begotten by an experience of later life, 
the speaker told his fellows of how " other influences have 
been busy with us and have moulded us anew, though, 
like the sleeper in the Arabian tale, who lay down in the 
bloom of beauty and youth in the fairy garden and awoke 
in age and decrepitude, we have been unconscious of the 
change. 

"The excitements ever arising in the manly struggles into 
which life's duties lead us have driven to their hiding- 
places in the heart all the crowd of boyhood's early-treas- 
ured thoughts and impressions, and we had almost forgotten 
they ever existed. But the wand of the mighty enchanter. 
Association, has this day touched them, and they start 
again into light and life, and are as sensible to feeling as 
yon spreading lawn and distant wood and radiant sky are 
to our sight ; and there is magic in the web they weave, for 
we are carried away captive without any wish or power to 
break the spell. 

" The spirit of this day's sport seems a portion of the 
very fun that chased the ball ten years ago. The sight of 
the rural seat or favorite walk, where the heart beat quick 
then, over the dream of poetry or eloquence, again renews 
the feeling; and we watch yon sky grow dim and gray in 
the twilight now, with the same gleams of earnest thought, 
with which we have many a time marked its radiance fade 
away. We resume, for a moment, with indescribable pleas- 
ure, the departed state of our minds, and look with vivid 
interest on those former feelings, when we remember that 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 173 

' in them we began to be that conscious existence we are to 
be throughout infinite duration.' 

" We curiously ask, what has become of this peculiar 
taste, or that mental trait, whose germ here first budded and 
bloomed? and we go back to mark with strange interest 
the very spot in our course where they lie, like wayside 
flowers, withered and dead. Yet the very feeling of that 
hour, in its original freshness and force, will not entirely 
return ; though ever near us, it still eludes our grasp. As 
we go from room to room, and yield to the illusion, an airy 
spectre, the shade of our former self, seems at our side. It 
leads us to the old library, and reads again with us the very 
volumes whose pages taught us that the True is the only 
Beautiful, long ago. It beckons us to the door of our old 
rooms and bids us listen, and we hear the long-drawn 
breathing of our own light slumbers of old. It steals to 
our side in the silent wood, and we gaze together on the 
same sunset clouds that made earth lovely then, and as 
its airy sigh echoes our own we turn to clasp it — and are 
alone with the old trees. 

' There's no such thing — 
'Tis the very coinage of the brain — 
A bodiless creation.' 

" But it comes to bid us adieu when we depart, but 
leaves not the ancient bounds. Let us hear thy airy call, 
thou Wandering Voice, as often as we return ! With thy 
mute sign and silent footfall lead us to the old library, and 
breathe into our dull ear the lofty moral the world made 
us forget. Bid us look at twilight on the rosy west — that 
the love of the beautiful die not within us, and the spirit of 
earth's loveliness be to us a real presence, and not a phantom 
as thou art. 



174 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" The heart, which never ought to grow old, never can, 
amid such associations and influences as we, this day, seek 
to revive and cherish. Its sensibility is the growth of a 
healthy and vigorous soil. 

" It looks well that the invitations for this day have met 
with such a heart}^ response. I think better of the man 
who kicked that football fifty feet in the air to-day, though 
he limp on 'Change to-morrow; I am sure the old leaven 
has worked powerfully. The subjection to the old feeling 
and the old spirit has been complete. Could a stranger 
have entered that library this afternoon and noted the as- 
tonishment of the spiders, whose webs, irreverently woven 
around the old volumes, were rudely torn away, and the 
well-remembered authors greeted as old friends by the eager 
group, or shared the delectable game of ' town-ball,' so- 
called, because the unfortunates therein are treated with a 
gentleness and civility truly metropolitan ! Could he have 
entered the lawn, and mingled with the crowd, after that 
football, he surely would have said, ' I am at that beneficent 
institution, erected by Friends, at Frankford. These are 
the young Friends who have lost their wits ! This is a part 
of that admirable discipline by which insanity is ameli- 
orated by cheerful exercise ! What a good-humored set of 
lunatics ! Mild and harmless and fleet of foot, as if they 
ran with 

Dian's step, 
As she with sandals, newly laced, would rise, 
To chase the fawn o'er fields of Thessaly.' 

" Be it so ! Give me this insanity until the sun goes down 
to-day, and I am content to be thenceforth as utterly and 
respectably sane as the times will admit of, and happy, if 
my words have half the virtue of the flower gifts of poor 
Ophelia, emblems of thought and remembrance fitted — a 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 175 

document in madness — the rue, perhaps, for me, but the 

rosemary and the pansies for you. 

" I am content and very happy to regain, as I do now, 

some portion of the freshness of early feeling, though it 

leave me again to-morrow ; happier to find the same feeling 

so alive in the hearts of so many around me, to whom the 

voice of the past sounds like remembered music, and who 

feel that if the sight or thought of familiar things may, for 

an instant, 

' Make some eyes 
Eun over with a glad surprise ; ' 

they are tears it is not unmanly to shed ; and happier still 
in the thought that in coming time, when, as we indulge 
the hope, this spot will be no longer a solitude, we may 
here, with many others, again and again, as at an altar, 
kindle into a flame the embers of a love, which, under the 
weight of distant and urgent duties, may lie mouldering 
cold and low. And when the well-spring of feeling, which 
in every heart this day runs pure and fresh as the very dew 
of life's morning, shall no longer flow, the heart itself may 
then cease to beat, I shall not mourn that the pitcher be 
broken at the fountain, when the fountain itself is no more, 
nor care how soon life's fitful fever ends, 

' When nothing can bring back the hour 
Of splendor in the grass, of glory in the flower.' " 

The most emphatic thanks of the Society were presented 
to the orator. The address and the minutes of the meeting 
were directed to be printed, and a copy sent to each member. 

This meeting and speech stimulated the reopening of 
Haverford in a degree unlooked for. The committee to raise 
funds proved diligent. Of one of them, Thomas Kimber, 
Jr., this should be pointedly recorded. 

To this Friend there is due, by those who love Haverford, 



176 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

more than a passing tribute. His love had more than once 
or twice been manifested by acts of great generosity, un- 
prompted by the implied obligation of official position. 

His activity in arousing Friends in Philadelphia and 
New England to reopen the school, his labor and dona- 
tions toward establishing the observatory, and his own gift 
of the library building, proved his hearty affection and care 
for the home of his college days. 

When in his later years, in hours softened by religious 
thought, he looked back over a somewhat checkered life, his 
must have been the pleasing knowledge that kind and noble 
deeds had marked his course. 

The first act of the Committee on Endowment was to call 
the Loganians togetlier in Philadelphia at an early day. 
They enlarged the committee,^ and instructed it to raise 
$10,000, upon condition that $50,000 be secured. 

^ Tlie committee, as enbirged, consisted as follows: 

Lindley Fisher, 101 South Front Street, Philadelphia. 

Kobert B. Parsons, Flushing, Long Island. 

Lindley Murray, Jr., New York. 

Jonathan Fell, M.D., Arcli below Tenth Street, Philadelpiiia. 

Isaac S. Serrill, 10 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 

Francis R. Cope, 1 Walnut Street, Piiiladelphia. 

Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Pennsylvania Hospital. 

Thos. P. Cope, Jr., 1 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

John S. Haines, Germantown. 

Chas. L. Sliarpless, Philadelphia. 

George Randolph, 491 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

Anthony M. Kimber, 39 Market Street, Philadelphia. 

Henry H. G. Sharpless, 32 South Second Street, Philadelphia. 

Robert L. Murray, Hussey & Murray, New York. 

Benj. R. Smith, Smitii & Hodgson, Philadelphia. 

Tiiomas Kimber, Jr., 32 Cliestnut Street, Philadelpiiia. 

James J. Levick, E. Levick & Co., Philadelphia. 

Robert P. Smith, Philadelpiiia. 

Wm. D. Stroud, M.D., Philadelphia. 

Samuel Morris, Philadel[)hia. 

Morris Hacker, Philadelphia. 

Ambrose Hunt, W. H. Brown & Co., Philadelpiiia. 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 



177 



Daniel B. Smith, chairman of the committee and Presi- 
dent of the Loganian Society, prepared a clear and moving 
address " To the Students of Haverford School," who num- 
bered about 250, urging them all to join in rescuing the 
school. Active solicitation of funds became the order of the 
day, and a sub-committee, with Thomas Kimber, Jr., at the 




GEORGE HOWLAND. 

head, was despatched to awaken the interest of New Eng- 
land Friends, among whom stood pre-eminently, as the 
friend of Haverford, George Howland, of New Bedford.^ To 
him the committee promptly repaired. 

^For the portrait of George Howland, we are indebted to his kinsman 
Franklyn Howland, the author of a history of the Howland family. 
12 



178 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" He heard their story, and, without expressing much 
beyond a cordial welcome, invited them to a large family 
gathering, held that very day in honor of an aged relative. 
After the hospitalities of the occasion were over, he intro- 
duced to the company the object of the visit of these 
Haverford students, and requested them to read the narra- 
tive of the meeting at the school, and the address of Isaac 
Serrill delivered at the school. It was read with all the 
emphasis the committee could impart; and its fervor and 
freshness captivated old and young." 

When the reading was over, George Howland put a vote 
to the company whether this effort of the students should 
be allowed to fail ; whereupon $3,000 were at once pledged 
for its benefit, and the committee felt sure of ultimate suc- 
cess. Before they left New Bedford this generous man 
volunteered his assurance that if the old scholars achieved 
their $10,000 he would guarantee whatever was needful to 
complete the Endowment Fund. Thus made confident, 
the committee returned, and in a second circular, dated 3d 
month 10th, 1847, made their success known, and urged 
redoubled efforts. Within three months from the time of 
the appointment, by unremitting exertions in Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, New England and New York, the students' com- 
mittee had gathered over $12,000. This left $10,000 still 
needed. Encouraged by the success, and animated by the 
enthusiasm of the students, certain Friends, who had al- 
ready contributed to the EndoAvment Fund, seem to have 
increased their several subscriptions. A few new subscrip- 
tions brought the completed fund to a little over $50,000. 

And thus "Haverford was at once placed on a durable 
and flourishing foundation — esto perpetua." 

The subscription, as nearly as is now known, appears to 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 



179 



have been as follows (by a memorandum made at the ti 


still in existence) : 


George Rowland, $10,000 


Josiah White, . 






4,000 


Richard D. Wood, . 






4,000 


Thomas P. Cope, 






2,000 


John Farnum, . 






2,000 


A. Haines, 






1,000 


George Williamson, 






1,000 


Jeremiah Hacker, . 






1,000 


David S. Brown, 






1,000 


Isaiah Hacker, 






500 


Townsend Sharpless, 






500 


Paul W. Newhall, . 






500 


W. H. Bacon, . 






500 


Alfred Cope, 






500 


Moses Brown, . 






200 


Students' Committee, 






12,385 


New York Friends, . 






1,500 


Thomas Kimber, 






550 


David Scull, 






500 


J. G, . . . 






500 


S. Adams, 






300 


ADDITIONAL. 


George Howland, . . . . . 3,500 


David S. Brown, 






500 


Paul W. Newhall, . 






500 


Townsend Sharpless, 






500 


Edward Yarnall, 






500 


Moses Brown, . 






100 



$50,335 



180 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

A letter from Dr. Richard H. Thomas to Thomas Kim- 
ber, Jr., dated 5th month 7th, 1847, reports Baltimore as 
follows: Miles White, 1500; Jos. King, Jr., F. T. King, 
Isaac Tyson Jr.'s Sons and Richard H. Thomas, $100 each ; 
Thomas R. Matthews and Jas. Carey, $50 each. 

The amount of the Endowment Fund was secured. 
There was, however, a debt (now risen to $4,000) to be paid, 
if the school were to start with clean hands. A letter from 
George Howland to Thomas Kimber, Jr., is extant, calling 
attention to this, and offering to subscribe $500 toward 
paying the debt. The letter concludes with these words : 
" Continue to labor faithfully ; it is the best of causes." 

Thou true and noble man, may these words of thine be, 
to all who work for Haverford, the incentive and the motto ! 
No finer deed was ever done than that of thine, thou 
princely owner of whale-ships, when, in rescue of Haver- 
ford, thou leddest the old men to the fore, then turned to 
beckon on the boys ! Among the subscribers to the en- 
dowment were men of note, leaders of thought and action, 
who strongly influenced the communities around them, and 
whose names are written in their annals. But none among 
them so aided Haverford in this crisis of her history as 
did George Howland, and none so much as he merits from 
the annalist of the crisis a lasting memorial. To him, there- 
fore, must be given more than a passing notice. 

Howland was the surname of an English family, numer- 
ous at Newport and Wicken, in Essex, but not elsewhere to 
be found. It gave a bishop to the See of Peterborough, 
and a wife to the second Duke of Bedford, who obtained the 
title of Baron Howland because of the vast estates acquired 
by this marriage — a title the family still holds. 



Note. — The details of tlie students' subscriptions are not now known. 



OVERWHELMED BY DISASTER. 181 

Three members of the Plymouth colony, Arthur, John 
and Henry, were the ancestors of the American Rowlands. 
It is upon good reason believed that all three were brothers. 
Arthur and Henry are known to have been. John was one 
of the 102 who came in the first voyage of the "Mayflower" 
in 1620. The others followed him. For three years the 
colonists, like the early Christians, held all things in com- 
mon. They gradually relapsed from this condition of 
society, which nothing less than deep religious feeling and 
the self-denying virtues begotten by it can long sustain. 

In a division of land, four acres on what is now Watson's 
Hill were allotted to John Howland. He always remained 
in the sturdy faith of the Puritan. His brothers embraced 
the gentler yet more sturdy faith of the Quakers, and, in a 
firm resolve to pay neither tax for the soldier nor tithe for 
the priest, abandoned the Plymouth colony, and united 
themselves with those who sought liberty of conscience in 
old Dartmouth, in which is now comprised the city of New 
Bedford and adjacent towns. Here the family has exhibited 
the same gregarious qualities which seem to have marked 
it in the ancient seat in Essex, and has so multiplied as to 
have become a notable percentage of the population of the 
locality, which for this reason has been named " the Mecca 
of the Howlands." Here George Howland, of the seventh 
generation from Henry the colonist, was born in 1781. 
Brought up on his father's farm, at the age of sixteen he 
entered the office of William Rotch, Jr., a large shipping- 
agent of New Bedford, of whom he afterward became the 
prosperous rival. He grew to be a great shipowner, and 
his name was known in every whaling port in the world. 
At thirty-five he was chosen President of the Bedford Com- 
mercial Bank, and so continued during his life. 



182 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

With an insight that discerned the coming commercial 
empire of the AVest, he made large investments in land on 
Cayuga Lake, N. Y. By this step he hardly reached the 
portals of the Western temple of fortune ; but, after a liberal 
life, he left a fortune of $1,000,000. 

He was twice married. His second wife was an earnest 
minister in the Society of Friends, who preached the Gospel 
in many lands, and in such service travelled several years 
in Europe. He was an elder in the Society, and his house 
gave hospitable entertainment to many who travelled in 
the ministry. 

George Howland died in 1852 ; by a large legacy he 
founded a seminary for girls at Union Springs, N. Y. Our 
history has just recounted one of his gifts to Haverford. 

Let no one, in these days of large subscriptions and great 
foundations, wonder that so great and so long an effort was 
needed to gather $50,000 among a society which is reputed 
to be rich. The epithet rich, commonly applied to a Qua- 
ker, is often misleading. Industrious and frugal he is, and 
generally beyond want, but his inclinations are adverse to 
ambitious speculative ventures, and his religious discipline 
enjoins him to preserve "moderation in his trade or busi- 
ness," and, in this particular. Friends have a kindly care 
over one another. The date of this effort, too, found the 
country slowl}^ recovering from the series of financial crises 
which wrecked the United States Bank. Happily, the war 
of the rebellion had not yet occurred ; and one good result, 
an education to great benevolence through sympathy with 
great suffering, had not then come about. 

The aggregate wealth of the country then and now makes 
a striking contrast. Then it was $7,000,000,000, now it is 
over $60,000,000,000 ; then $350 per capita in a population 



ovp:rwhelmed by disaster. 183 

of 20,000,000/ now $1,000 per capita in 62,500,000. In the 
first third of this century the great estate of Philadelphia 
was that of Stephen Girard. Its inventory of personal prop- 
erty, filed with the Register of Wills, was $2,187,866.85. 
There were so filed in 1889 two estates, one over three times, 
and one nearly five times, as large; and, in 1881, one nearly 
seven times as large. There were so filed in 1882, 1883 and 
1884, three hundred and sixty estates, each having a per- 
sonal property of $40,000 or over, but in 1843, 1844 and 
1845 only forty-five such. Of the former, twenty-one be- 
longed to members of the Society of Friends; of the latter, 
five. 

These considerations and figures show why it was so 
much harder to collect a large sum by subscription forty 
years ago than now. 

But these figures also seem to show that two per cent, of 
the people of Philadelphia who, to use an ordinary expres- 
sion, are comfortably off", are members of the Society of 
Friends. The average personalty of such of their estates as 
were registered in the two periods referred to was $130,000. 
At no time within these periods should it have been diffi- 
cult for the Society to have maintained near Philadelphia 
a college of the modest pretensions of Haverford. The en- 
thusiasm of her students, led by the generosity of George 
Howland, and nothing more, should have sufficed to rescue 
her from trouble and re-establish her finances. Neverthe- 
less, her small debt of $4,000 was not entirely paid off by 

1 The census of 1840 was 17,069,483; of 1850, 23,191,876 ; and the popula- 
tion, therefore, in 1845 may be fairly estimated at 20,000,000. 

The census of 1850 computed the wealth of the United States at $7,135,780,- 
225, or $306 per capita, and of Pennsylvania at $722,486,120, or $313 per capita. 
The assessed valuation of this State, reported by the Secretary of Internal 
Affairs in 1888, was $2,570,190,680, probably 25 per cent, too low. 



184 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



subscription, and it remained for the fund of $50,000 to be 
burdened by a slight interest charge. 

The generosity and enthusiasm, however, were appropri- 
ately acknowledged by resolutions of the Association and 
Board of Managers, the action of the students being noted 
as the most gratifying evidence possible of the value of the 
school. 







RUINED ARCH OF THE OLD GREENHOUSE. 




^^^ 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE FLOOD SUBSIDES —HAVERFORD RE- 
OPENED, 1848-52. 

Yet think not that the seed is dead 

Which in the lonely place is spread ; 

It lives, it lives — the spring is nigh, 

And soon its life shall testify. — Bernard Barton. 

Upon 7th month 30th, 1847, the Association requested 
the Managers to look for a Superintendent, and two months 
later the search for teachers began. 

In the 10th month the Board appointed John Farnum, 
Charles Yarnall and David Scull to confer with the Loga- 
nian Society touching the cost of maintaining the green- 
house, and authorized the lease of the farm to Alexander 
Scott, for a term of years, at $650 a year. 

The Committee on the Reorganization of the School 
were Thomas Kimber, P. W. Newhall and John Farnum. 
This committee called a special meeting of the Board 
2d month 15th, 1848, and recommended Lindley Murray 
Moore for Principal and Teacher of English Literature ; 
Hugh D. Vail, Teacher of Mathematics and Natural Phi- 
losophy; Joseph W. Aldrich, Teacher of Latin and Greek 
and Ancient Literature ; Elizabeth B. Hopkins, Matron. 
The recommendation was adopted, and Haverford School, 
after a suspension of two years and eight months, was re- 
opened 5th month 11th, 1848, under the charge of these 
officers. Lindley Murray Moore was then at the close of 

(185) 



186 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

his sixtieth year. He was a portly man of commanding 
height and mien, of benevolent countenance and expressive 
features. His birthplace was Nova Scotia, whither his 
father, Thomas Moore, at the close of the war of the 
Revolution, had emigrated from New Jersey, being one of 
those whose property had been confiscated by the United 
States Government because of their loyalty to England, and 
to whom England had, for this reason, given homesteads. 
His surviving daughter, Ann M. Haines, says of him : 
" He was a Friend by birth and conviction, a great lover of 
the Bible, and very familiar with it. He rarely failed to 
give chapter and verse to any one who asked where to find 
Scripture passages ; he was, nevertheless, untinged by sec- 
tarianism, and always took a strong interest in ever3^thing 
that would advance the cause of Christ in every denomina- 
tion." He had married Abigail L. Mott (the niece of Richard 
Mott, the well-known Friend and minister), 8th month 19th, 
1813, and after a married life of thirty-five years had been 
parted from her by death about eighteen months before 
taking charge of Haverford. 

Lindley Murray Moore's experience as an educator had 
been wide and varied. At seventeen an accident confined 
him for some months to the house. During this enforced 
quiet he developed a strong love for study, and was sent to 
school at Sandwich, Mass. By teaching he here helped 
himself to pay for further study for a few years. He after- 
ward taught at Nine Partners Boarding-School, of New 
York Yearly Meeting. He next kept his own private 
school in Rahway, N. J., for three j^ears. From thence he 
went to New York to take charge of the Friends' Monthly 
Meeting School, on the grounds of the Meeting House, in 
Pearl Street, below Oak, from 1815 to 1821. His salary. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVERFORD REOPENED. 187 

which at first was $1,200, as times grew harder and harder 
was made, successively, $1,000 and $800. Induced to quit 
the city by bad health, and perchance by failing income, 
he opened, in the spring of 1821, a private boarding-school 
for boys at Flushing, L. I., which he moved to the village 
of Westchester, N. Y., in the autumn of 1827, and con- 
tinued until 1830. This undertaking having been pros- 
perous, he abandoned teaching, and established himself as 
a farmer in easy circumstances, on a fine farm of 170 acres, 
now in the city of Rochester. In the flush times of 1836 
he was induced to sell his farm, and soon after lost all his 
property. He then became a teacher in a public school at 
Rochester. Death and marriage scattered his family, and 
the death of his wife in 1846 having broken up his home, 
he went to Providence to teach in Friends' Boarding- 
School, and then to Haverford, as we have seen. He after- 
ward made his home in Rochester with his son, Dr. E. M. 
Moore, and died 8th month 14th, 1871. 

Those who have known will lovingly remember this 
genial gentleman. His scholars will not soon forget his 
kindly ways, nor his friendship for Horace Greeley and the 
principles of the Free Soil Party, nor the sonorous tones 
with which he repeated the verses of Milton and other 
English poets, although an amused smile may suffuse their 
faces when they recollect how he discouraged their eff'orts at 
smoking tobacco, while hiding his own, or when they revert 
to some of his eccentric methods, more appropriate to the 
boarding-school than to the college. He had a way of 
affixing to each offence a letter which designated it, as " n," 
for " negligent," etc., and at the morning collection would 
read out the names of offenders, each with his appropriate 
letter. One morning he determined to make an impression 



188 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

on a boy notorious for his laziness, and called out " John 

t.," which was an unfamiliar letter in this vocabulary. All 
eyes were, of course, turned upon John, wondering what 
heinous crime he had been guilty of, when Friend Moore 
announced in stentorian tones that "t" stood for " tardy," 
making it the text for a lecture to the offender which he 
did not soon forget. The fact that it was the custom of 
" Super," as the boys irreverently called him, to wander 
about the corridors of Founders' Hall after bedtime, in 
slippered feet, did not deter the students from many a 
roguish escapade, visiting each other's rooms, tying toes to 
bedposts, and flitting like sheeted ghosts from place to place 
between his rounds. On one occasion, he had sentenced a 
boy to incarceration, during study hours, in one of the 
class-rooms on the first floor, from which there was a descent 
of, perhaps, ten feet to the area below. During the morn- 
ing Friend Moore was walking around the house, and 
caught his prisoner in the act of climbing down and 
attempting to escape. Confronting the delinquent, he re- 
peated the lines from Virgil — 

" Facilis descensus Averno, 
Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere ad auras, 
Hoc opus, hie labor est " — 

and required him to perform the more difficult feat of 
climbing back into the window. But these incidents only 
gave spice to Haverford life. And it perhaps was well that 
Haverford reopened under the attractive influence of this 
fine old man. 

Hugh D. Vail had just entered his forty-first year when 
he came to Haverford. By birthright a Friend, the blood 
of several generations of Quakers flowed in his veins. His 
motlier's ancestors are believed to have come from Scotland 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVERFORD REOPENED. 189 

with John Barclay and other Scottish proprietors. She, 
her father, her grandfather, and probably her great-grand- 
father, were all born on the same spot in Plainfield, N. J. 
He himself was born there on 4th month 12th, 1818. It 
was then a small village of less than two hundred inhabi- 
tants, mostly farmers, and in large proportion Friends, 
whose ancestors had settled in that vicinity soon after the 
purchase of East Jersey by Penn and his associates, and the 
appointment of Robert Barclay as Governor. 

Brought up to the light work of the farm, before agricul- 
tural machinery was invented, when even the " cultivator " 
was unknown and corn had yet to be hoed, he had been 
sent to small family schools, taught by the wife of one 
neighbor, or the daughter of another, until his fifteenth 
year, when he became a pupil at Westtown. 

This was in the primitive days of that famous seminary, 
and it may be interesting to digress, for a moment, to 
describe the state of things as they then were in that quaint 
institution. It was the time when its pupils entered or left 
at all seasons, at the convenience of those who sent them; 
when school years, and their division, were there unknown; 
before terms and sessions had been invented, and its task 
of teaching and learning, like an endless chain, went on 
perpetually; when its domestic arrangements equalled in 
simplicity those of the plainest country bumpkins ; when 
its viands were served from pewter or rusty tin plates 
placed on unclothed tables ; when pewter porringers served 
for milk and coffee, and a single mug did duty for half-a- 
dozen mouths ; when the morning ablutions were performed 
in an open shed, in basins resting on its earthen floor and 
filled from a log pump with a heavy iron handle, from 
which pump, one cold winter morning, an incipient en- 



190 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

gineer among the boys caused to flow such floods as made 
a skating rink of half the shed and all the ball-alley — an 
incipient engineer who has since been president of one of 
America's greatest railways.' 

Having remained steadily at Westtown, in the study of 
mathematics, for almost two years without vacation, Hugh 
entered the wholesale dry-goods store of Parsons, Lawrence 
& Co., New York. While busied about dry goods he found 
access to the books and lectures of the Mercantile Library, 
and remembers discourses on Geology — then a new science 
— by Professor Silliman, assisted by his son, Benjamin, the 
late Professor, at that time a stout boy of 18 or 19 years of 
age. The panic of 1837 caused him to return home to work 
again on his father's farm. 

The teacher of mathematics at Westtown, the well- 
remembered Enoch Lewis,^ being about to resign, H. D. 
Vail, in the spring of 1838, was chosen to succeed him, but 
was temporarily appointed a reading teacher in order that, 
through the aid of Enoch Lewis, he might refresh his mathe- 
matics. His appointment was made by Thomas Kite and 
Thomas Kimber, who, on behalf of Westtown, had especially 
requested him to come to Philadelphia for an interview. At 
the interview he wore the ordinary dress at that day — a 
tight-fitting double-breasted frock coat, with a high rolling 
collar. Of this no notice was taken until the arrangement 
had been made, and he was about leaving, when Thomas 
Kite, laying his hand on the coat, said pleasantly, " I 
suppose thou'lt leave this Babylonish garment behind ? " 
It were well to note that the bargain was made before 



1 Charles Smith, of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. 
^ Enoch Lewis was a prominent member of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 
and author of Lewis' Algebra and Trigonometry, etc. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVERFORD REOPENED. 191 

the remark. The man was chosen. Nor were his clothes 
too closely scanned, though of a cut not prevalent at West- 
town, where garments of old and young are in conventional 
Quaker form and color. 

Quakerism has not become an order. Its dress, so far as 
it is peculiar, is not a sacerdotal costume. It is in the form 
common at the time the Society of Friends arose, stripped 
of superfluous ornament, and gradually modified by its 
wearers. No longer does the waistcoat reach to the hips, 
or the pantaloons stop at the knees ; and the three-cornered 
hat is displaced by more convenient headgear ; but sim- 
plicity, not fashion, has been the keynote of the changes 
which the good sense of this quiet but forcefuP Society has 
permitted to be made at the suggestions of convenience and 
comfort ; and the dress has become distinctive. Nothing 
in this is unnatural or out of conformity with the general 
tenor of life. Expression comes naturally when it comes 
from within. When not thus prompted, to assume it as an 
outward thing is to do violence to nature. To impose an 
outward expression of Quakerism upon the young mind, 
which has not absorbed its spirit, is to do that mind a 
wrong. Yet the authority of a parent or school may be 
used to train the religious thought of a youth; how, and how 
far, each parent and school must decide. But as to the 



^To the cardinal doctrines held by evangelical Christians the Quakers hav- 
ing added a belief (and on this belief having sought to base their worship and 
religious polity) in God's direct and immediate revelation of His will to every 
man desirous to obey it, have thereby been led to recognize more promptly 
than other religious bodies the rightfulness of religious toleration, the equality 
of men, the wrongfulness of slavery and war. In a recent conversation regard- 
ing the prospects of effecting among American nations an arrangement pre- 
ventive of international wars, Secretary of State James G. Blaine remarked to 
the writer that " there is no doubt the Quakers have been our exemplars in all 
things civil and religious." 



192 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

principles which underlie such action, the Quaker Schools, 
Westtown and Haverford, agree. Probably without man}'- 
reflections, and simply because it was the custom of West- 
town so to do, young Vail put off the "Babylonish garment" 
and donned the Quaker coat. 

After a few weeks spent in taking lessons in elocution of 
a celebrated professor (probably Dr. Anthony Comstock, 
who taught near Arch and Fifth Streets, Philadelphia), he 
was installed in his new profession by Samuel Hilles, then 
Superintendent of Westtown. Here the business methods 
and acumen acquired in New York enabled him to perceive 
and prove that burning fluid in suspended lamps was more 
luminous and cheap than home-made tallow candles, which, 
in old iron candlesticks, were wont to darkly light the even- 
ing schools and collections, and that the old goose-quill 
should give place to the newly-invented steel pen. 

Other changes were introduced by H. D. Vail. Students 
in mathematics were classified, demonstrations on black- 
boards introduced, and, if rules in the text-books were used 
to solve problems in trigonometry and surveying, they were 
required to be proved. 

Natural science was a study much loved by the teachers 
at Westtown. An occasion is on record when H. D. Vail 
and Davis Reece ("Old Davy," the boys' governor at West- 
town, upon whom many a generation of youths looked with 
an affectionate awe), travelling in upper New Jersey in 
search of plants, minerals and birds, were met by a gentle- 
man who told them he had botanized with Muhlenberg 
when Darlington was a boy, and who, taking them to his 
house to show his collections, pressed them to dine and put 
the modest Davis Reece to blush by drinking his health. 
The gentleman was Mahlon Dickerson, a Governor of New 
Jersey, and member of President Jackson's Cabinet. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVEEFOKD REOPENED. 193 

Nine years almost continuously spent in such services 
furnished Hugh with that admirable equipment of knowl- 
edge and practical experience which he brought to Haver- 
ford as a Teacher of Mathematics and Natural History. 

From John Gummere to Isaac Sharpless and Frank 
Morley, a long line of eminent instructors have gained a 
reputation for Haverford as a school of mathematics. 

In this line Hugh D. Vail held a most honorable place. 
He came there in the prime of his faculties. Slender, active, 
agile, quick of observation, clear of judgment, he possessed 
a remarkable ability for precise explanation and ready 
illustration. Few teachers have been better fitted to im- 
part habits of observation and precision. None better 
than he could make a student clearly understand a dem- 
onstration in geometry, or grasp the steps which led to 
a formula of the calculus; and none more delighted to 
point out the stars and constellations, to detect the plu- 
mage and note of birds, or to mark the characteristics of 
the trees and landscape. In the study or in the recita- 
tion-room, before the blackboard or afoot in the field or the 
forest, alert and lucid, Master Hugh awakened the senses 
and aroused the energies ; and to him will the Haverford 
boy of his day attribute a large share of whatever there was 
of the practical in the education he has received. 

He was offered the position of Principal of Haverford 
when Lindley Murray Moore resigned in 1850, and declined 
it. And in the spring of 1854 he resigned his own posi- 
tion, which, upon his recommendation, was filled by Joseph 
G. Harlan, who had been his pupil, assistant and successor 
at Westtown, and thus ended his work as a teacher, save 
that after Joseph G. Harlan's death in 1857 he taught the 
Junior and Senior Classes for a few months until the vacancy 
could be filled. 

13 



194 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The elements in his character Avhich inclined him to busi- 
ness pursuits finally prevailed, and, no longer a teacher, he 
became an iron manufacturer and a man of affairs. 

And yet again his scholarly habits have reasserted them- 
selves, for, passing his declining years on the coast of South- 
ern California, he is one of the most highly respected and 
influential citizens of beautiful Santa Barbara, and, devot- 
ing his time and his means to intellectual pursuits, he has 
had a leading part in forming the Free Public Library and 
Museum of Natural History, and in promoting the general 
culture of this place. 

If circumstances and ability, more than inclination, made 
Hugh D. Vail a teacher, such was not the case with Joseph 
•W. Aldrich, who was one by nature and predisposition. He 
came now to Haverford as classical teacher. He had been 
there before as a Teacher of Mathematics. He was born, 1st 
month 18th, 1821, in Blackstone, Mass. His early fond- 
ness was for Mathematics. Entering Friends' School at 
Providence as a student in 1834, while Dr. John Griscom 
was at its head, he remained there several years. For two 
or three seasons he tried his newly fledged powers by teach- 
ing district schools in Massachusetts. From the spring of 
1841 to that of 1843, he taught in Providence at the Friends' 
School, and then went to Haverford to perfect his Mathe- 
matics under John Gummore, and seems to have distin- 
guished himself. John Gummere was then revising his 
Astronomy, and requested Joseph to aid him to detect the 
slight errors which might have crept into it. These, with 
much painstaking, he cleared up to the satisfaction and 
amusement of his preceptor, and when John Gummere re- 
signed, Joseph was made Teacher of Mathematics. 

The Managers' report of 5th month, 1844, expresses the 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVEflFORD REOPENED. 195 

conviction that at no time has the instruction been more 
thorough, or the students more patiently or more intelli- 
gently guided, even to the more abstruse investigations of 
the higher mathematics, than by him. 

Haverford having closed, he taught at Samuel Alsop's 
school in Wilmington, Del., during the winter of 1847-48, 
and, when Haverford reopened, returned to it, as we have 
seen, as a Teacher of Classics. 

He may have been led to change the subject of his atten- 
tion by such views of the effect upon character produced 
by Mathematics and Classics as he expressed to a graduat- 
ing class some years afterward : "That the study of Mathe- 
matics, even in their most rigid development, is peculiarly 
adapted to expand and strengthen the reasoning powers, 
and to induce habits of concentration of thought, will be 
admitted by every one who has had experience, either in 
studying or teaching them, and they constitute an invalu- 
able part of a well-appointed system of education. But 
prosecute them exclusively, and there not infrequently 
results a habit of dreamy abstraction, which scarcely 
allows the student to take cognizance of the living world 
around ; the judgment referring all things to the exact 
standard of calculation fails in its estimate of character 
and motives, and in all decisions, where relative and not 
abstract ideas are involved, the whole intellectual char- 
acter is thus liable to become one-sided and dwarfed in the 
development of many of its noblest faculties." To develoj^ 
his "noblest faculties" was the aim of Joseph's life. 

In person Joseph was small in stature and of a square 
figure. A pair of bright gray eyes shone through the rims 
of his heavy gold spectacles, and his short nether limbs, 
which were slightly curved, giving rise to his nickname of 



196 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" Bowsie," often did good service at football, but rarely 
carried him on tramps through the fields with the boys, or 
sent him with them on ringing skates skimming over 
Morris' pond or Kelly's mill dam. He was not an uncom- 
panionable man — not at all. He was, however, the in- 
structor rather than the companion of the boys. 

In 1853 he resigned from Haverford, and soon after 
received its degree of A.M. honoris causa. He shortly after 
became Principal of Friends' Select School, Philadelphia, 
and so continued for about nine years. His subsequent 
existence was a struggle for life. He made two trips for his 
health to the bracing climate of Lake Superior — one of 
them lasting ten months — including a winter which he em- 
ployed in publishing descriptions of the mineral resources 
of that region, and after a long illness, bravely borne, died 
4th month 12th, 1865, full of the Christian's blessed hope. 

The matron selected was Elizabeth B. Hopkins, and a 
true matron this lady was. The whole household felt the 
touch of her inspiring hand. The tidy kitchen, the well- 
supplied table, the clean bedrooms, the well-kept lawn, no 
less than the cheerful parlor, bespoke her watchful care. 
Six years saw her at work at Haverford, the next two at 
Friends' Asylum, Frankford, and the following three at 
Earlham College. Thoughts of a quiet life passed in 
private cares and pleasures were then beginning to form 
themselves in her mind. But from these she was awakened 
by a call to "fix uj)" the household at Haverford. She 
came, not expecting her stay would be long, but remained 
six years a second time. Then she settled in her own 
cottage home at Richmond, Ind. Now, in her eighty- 
seventh year, too blind to read, she employs her lengthened 
activity and finds "plenty of work" with the Home for 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVERFORD REOPENED. 197 

Friendless WomeD, and visiting the needy. Her modest 
testimony of herself in old age is, "I have tried to do what 
my hands found to do, and now I am laid aside, feeling I 
have done but little." Not so has she printed herself in 
the memory of those she is pleased to call her children of 
Haverford. They remember the bright glance, the quick 
cheerful look, the kindly smile, and the pleasant greeting 
to such of them as chose to visit her square parlor with its 
deep window-sills, adorned with ferns and blooming plants, 
its mantels and walls gay with the hues of autumn leaves. 

Such was the equipment of officers with which Haverford 
reopened. Nothing beyond their due has been said of 
them. They were worthy successors of those who presided 
over her when first established, whose praise is in ever};' 
mouth ; to either corps belong affection and honor. 

The school reopened with twenty students, one less than 
it liad opened with in 1833, but having the support of the 
Fund and of a reawakened interest. Its position was unique; 
it was then the only collegiate institution of the Society of 
Friends. It stood for that which the Society stands for. It 
was religious but non-theological. Its education was liberal 
but guarded ; its moral teaching strict but charitable. It 
taught what no other such institution taught, that under all 
circumstances and everywhere a man's yea should be yea, 
and his nay, nay; that the message of "peace and good- 
will to men " is real, and covers every contingency of indi- 
vidual and national life, and that any one (male or female) 
may be called to be at the same time a layman and a min- 
ister of the Gospel. 

Let us take our general bearings in this spring of 1848. 
It will help to throw into relief the instruction of Haverford 
and the Haverford life. 



198 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



On the Continent, three months had not passed since 
Louis Philippe, a Bourbon, had fled from the Tuileries ; 
Germany was still divided into numerous jealous States ; 
the Pope was yet a temporal ruler; the Austrians were in 
A'^enice, Bomba in Naples. In England, penny postage, with 
all it meant for the people, had been established but nine 
years; Punch onl}^ five; the first World's Fair was uncon- 




ui.n HiuDGK ()\ j;k jhk kaili:()AD. 



ceived; Macaulay's History and "In Memoriam" unpub- 
lished. At home, men were alive who had fought in the 
Revolution, a quarter of a century and more was to elapse 
before the Centennial; beyond a line less than twent}^ miles 
south of Haverford slave dealers were trafficking in souls 
clothed in skins darker than their own; divines were dark- 
ening truth to prove the traffic righteous, and politicians 
proclaiming that the line should cross the territories. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVERFORD REOPENED. 199 

Nearer Haverford, the inclined plane by which the old 
State Railroad surmounted the Schuylkill Hill at Belmont 
had just been abandoned by the engineers of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad; the cubical stone blocks of the old road 
alternated with wooden ties in the tracks that skirted the 
Haverford lawn, and Bryn Mawr was yet undreamed of. 
Its acres, risen from the ten cents paid by their Welsh set- 
tlers to Penn, were held at a good round figure for farming 
land, but were far below the thousands upon thousands of 
dollars per acre which is now their price. The handsome 
villas covering them did not then exist even as a specula- 
tor's shadowy castles; and these historical reminiscences 
may be closed by the recollections of a Haverford boy who 
was warned by a farming woman with a big dog, not to 
gather chestnuts in a field now the grounds of one of the 
stateliest of these mansions. 

The Haverford lawn of forty acres, planted in 1833, had 
each year grown lovelier and lovelier. In its northwest 
corner were still preserved its five or six acres of original 
forest. Bounding these on the south (in part) were the cou- 
ple of acres or so of a vegetable garden, with long rows of 
gooseberries and currants, and great beds of rhubarb and 
asparagus. Again to the south, skirting this garden, ran a 
long gravel walk, about sixteen feet wide, overarched by 
the lofty arbor of grape vines, which had been the gift, in 
1836, of three generous Friends among the founders, one of 
whom, Thomas P. Cope, was famous as a distributer of mer- 
chandise to the interior, as owner of the Philadelphia and 
Liverpool Packet Line, as an executor of Stephen Girard's 
vast estate, and as a director of the United States Bank. 
West of the arbor, and terminating it, still stood the spa- 



200 HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

cious greenhouse, erected, in 1838, largely through the con- 
tributions of Nathan Dunn, who had made a fortune in 
China, and is remembered as the owner of the great Chinese 
Museum at Ninth and Sansom Streets, Philadelphia, burned 
7th month 5th, 1854. At tlie foot of a terrace on the south 
side of the arbor three rows of rectangular flower-beds, each 
bed fifty feet b}^ four, covered an acre. These were the 
boys' gardens. Below these, a wooden house — a little box, 
some fifteen feet square and as many high, holding a two- 
foot transit — was then the nucleus of the best appointed 
observatory in Pennsylvania. Two noble terraces of grass 
crossed the lawn ; spacious gravel roads permeated it in 
ever}' direction ; noble trees, the choice of American and 
foreign forests, singly, or set in rows, or gathered into groups, 
everywhere shaded it ; lilacs, hawthorns, magnolias, many 
species of flowering shrubs, and bushes in endless variety 
adorned it in every part. 

In the midst of all this loveliness rose Founders' Hall, 
called so only since the dormitory in the manner of the 
Elizabethan Gothic has been built and named after Barclay, 
the Apologist, This hall is a three-storied, stuccoed stone 
structure, standing on a high basement of gray mica- 
ceous stones. From its noble cupola a wide prospect could 
be seen. In the foreground, toward the south, lay the 
orchard of the college farm (the delight of man}'- a tres- 
passer), the old farmhouse with its great barn, and the little 
pond at the edge of a wood where the boys were accustomed 
to bathe at the close of school on summer afternoons. Far 
off" on the horizon many miles away, between the forests of 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in certain states of the atmos- 
phere and sun, gleamed tlie waters of the Delaware. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — 'HAVERFORD REOPENED. 201 

Such were the beautiful premises now to be restored to 
their wonted use ! 

The hall could contain seventy-five students and the fam- 
ilies of their instructors and care-takers. 

The school year was divided into two terms — a winter of 
six and a summer of four months, with four weeks' vacation 
each spring and Fall. 

Tuition and board were still $200 a year ; the total sala- 
ries, now $29,000, were then but $2,900 a year. As the 
school grew, these increased by the engagement of a book- 
keeper at $300 or $400, and of advanced undergraduates to 
give half time to study and half to instruction, receiv- 
ing therefor board and tuition, and $100 or $200 a year 
more. The careers of certain of these show how much 
talent was thus secured, and how much service was ren- 
dered from devotion to duty rather than for reward. This 
low scale of receipts and expenditures was maintained for 
several years. Such small annual deficits as resulted were 
taken care of by the income of the Fund, by which, also, 
education was given to needy young Friends preparing 
themselves for teachers. 

Appropriations of $1,000 each for gratuitous instruction 
were made 2d month 23d, 1849, and 1st month 25th, 1850, 
and on 6th month 27th, 1851, one of $1,200. At the end 
of the school year closing 4th month 8th, 1850, $600 had 
been expended on such education and $1,500 on deficit. 

The Fund, the source of so much good, was cherished as 
the apple of the eye ; its accounts were kept separately ; its 
condition was reported each 4th month, and its current 
interest balance nearly every month. There was a stand- 
ing committee to invest it (on which Paul W. Newhall, 
John Farnum and Marmaduke C, Cope served), with orders 



202 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

to buy real estate securities only, unless with the previous 
approbation of the Board. This buying had been well 
done, and the value of the securities was reported on 5th 
month 10th, 1850, to be 152,459.07. Much of the work of 
Haverford was carefully and lovingly wrought out by com- 
mittees of its Managers. Such a committee gave its pres- 
ence at the reopening. 

It was a well-contented score of lads who met on that 
10th day of 5th month, 1848, to assault the heights of 
learning under Quaker colors. No other undergraduate 
class of their like was elsewhere to be found. They were 
the advance guard of their generation. They knew hard 
work and strict discipline were to be theirs, but the}'' had 
not been bred in self-indulgence; they knew the w^iite- 
washed fence that bounded the lawn would be their 
" bounds," which, except by leave, the}^ could not cross, or 
go into any house beyond it, save on permission. They 
knew no money would be in their pockets but the scant 
sums furnished through the school authorities; they knew 
these authorities would inspect their books and withhold all 
fiction, would select their newspapers and lock them up on 
First days; would require them to rise early and be at 
breakfast at tap of bell, to avoid at all hours each other's 
rooms, and each his own in the hours of forenoon. They 
knew their dress must be simple and plain; that "plain" 
meant likeness to forms worn by Friends, avoidance of 
which was held as an indisposition to avow the beliefs of 
the Society. They knew that to jackets and coats one row 
of buttons only would be allowed, and that the collars of 
their frock coats must be straight like those of Washington. 
Such frock coats the cadets of West Point wore who are in 
training to be leaders of material forces; to do the same — 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVERFORD REOPENED. 203 

should this be felt a hardship by those in training to be 
leaders in the nobler vocation of maintaining order through 
the force of persuasion and peace? 

These twenty lads probably thought nothing about all 
this, were even unconscious of it; they came to Haverford 
to obey rules and to work — 

"To scorn delights and live laborious days" — 

and in such scorning found their delight. Not that boyish 
nature was never to break out, and every rule be always 
inviolate; not that Mother Purdy, the colored w^oman on 
the Old Lancaster Road, was never to be called upon for an 
oyster stew, or White Hall for mince turnovers and cider; 
not that the summer moon would never shine at midnight 
upon young forms which had climbed through chamber 
windows to the roof of the porch, nor the transom over a 
chamber door be never darkened after bedtime, to conceal a 
group engaged in the rapid displacement of rectangular pieces 
of pasteboard bearing spots in shapes non-geometrical and 
figures the faces whereof were not portraits of the ancient 
Friends ; nor that behind the stage in the greenhouse, the 
boscage of japonica, azalea and rose-tree leaf should never 
serve a like end on a half holiday after Monthly Meeting. 

Yet such infractions were to be but occasional. Good 
order, decorum and, above all, good feeling were to prevail, 
and no rule finds more general or easy observance than 
this: "Students will be expected to be affable and courteous 
in their intercourse with each other and with all those with 
whom they have connexion." In the remembrance of one 
who passed nearly four years in intimate intercourse with 
them, no blow but one within that time was struck in anger 
by a Haverford student, and he, poor fellow, had been 



204 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

reared in the surroundings of the charcoal pig iron business, 
and to souls tried in that furnace of affliction much is to be 
forgiven. 

The education these young fellows were to receive closel}^ 
resembled the four years' course of the best colleges. Its 
mathematics ended in Differential and Integral Calculus, 
Optics and Astronomy; its Latin in Juvenal and Tacitus; its 
Greek in Euripides or Sophocles and Longinus; its English 
in Moral and Mental Philosophy, Political Economy, Story's 
Commentaries, Arnold's Lectures on Modern History, and 
in Butler's Analogy. "Its aim," in the words of the Mana- 
gers' report of 1850, was "the dae cultivation of all the facul- 
ties, and its tendency to check those excesses into which the 
overstrained exercise of some of the powers of the mind 
often leads partially educated men. It is an error to object 
to such a course, that it is not practical. It is eminently so 
in the highest sense. Nor shall it be forgotten that that is 
not a course of Christian training, which aims at the acqui- 
sition of property only, without due regard to the efficient 
discharge of the social obligations." For those to whom 
want of time and means denies such a course, Haverford 
now provides teaching in acquirements of instant pecuniary 
value. But to do this is not its tone. 

The book which most distinguished its course from others 
was Dymond's Moral Philosophy. Other philosophies have 
not fully embraced the teaching of this splendid treatise, 
based as it is on close attachment to the doctrines of the 
Sermon on the Mount and humble reliance on their Author. 
The right rule of action it teaches to be truth, which is 
never to be swerved from because of apparent expediency, 
and it holds that to be untrue which is intended to deceive. 

The direct religious teaching of the school for the most 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. HAVERFOKD REOPENED. 205 

part consisted in Bible readings at breakfast table and at 
collection for bed, in attendance on First day and Fifth 
day morning meetings for worship, and in lessons in the 
Greek Testament on First day afternoons. 

Meetings for worship were often held in silence. But at 
times the voices of Thomas Evans and Samuel Bettle and 
other ministers of the Gospel, and once that of Benjamin 
Seebohm, seemed to throw on this world a light given them 
in a better. There was no resident minister at that time. 

Upon examining the students, not more than six proved 
fully prepared for the Third Junior Class, and the rest were 
remanded to studies in varying degrees preliminary. 

Studying at Haverford, before the building of Barclay 
Hall, was not done in chambers, but in the large room west 
of the stairway in Founders' Hall, where each student had 
his desk, and where at certain hours of the day, and in 
winter of the evenings, study hours were kept, and an officer 
sat to preserve order and help the learner over puzzling 
points. Recitations were made in class-rooms. 

Study was prosecuted amid the pleasantest surroundings. 
Officers and students lived together as in an agreeable home. 
Their mutual dispositions and their small numbers fostered 
this. All were welcome to the matron's parlor, and also to 
the general sitting-room, known as the boys' parlor. 

In the former were kept The Friend, The Friends' Review 
and Friends' Library ; in the other the daily papers. To 
deck either parlor from greenhouse or lawn or gardens was 
a pleasure; to plant and tend the gardens, a delight. Nor 
was it a small satisfaction to wander among the gooseberry 
bushes in the vegetable garden and cram one's pocket with 
fruit to munch in the study or the class-rooms. 

After tea, or on Seventh day afternoons, permission to 



206 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ramble out of bounds was easily had, or to visit Charlie 
Arthur's ice-cream saloon. Sometimes an officer would 
walk with the school to see the fine view of the Schuylkill 
Valley from Prospect Hill, or take it along Mill Creek to 
bathe in Flat Rock Dam. 

Within "bounds," the universal game of " shinney" and 
the old-fashioned sort of football were the sources of exercise 
— the football being a blown bladder in a thick leather case. 

Bi-monthly, a Committee of Managers, when inspecting 
the school, would dine or sup at the college table, and some- 
times ask the matron, at its head, whether the sugar was 
" free" — i.e., bought at George W. Taylor's free labor store, 
whose sugars and cottons were supposed never to have 
been contaminated by the touch of slavery. 

The summer brought Managers and others from the city 
to board near the school. Between their families and the 
students there often arose courteous relations, out of which 
sprang at least one serious attachment that ripened into 
marriage. 

The winter term of 1848-49 found thirty-six students at 
the school. Among those who then entered were the twin 
brothers, Alfred H. and Albert K. Smiley, who in person 
and countenance bore a closer resemblance than do the let- 
ters of their names ; indeed, none but their familiars could 
tell them apart. They were alike, too, in their dispositions, 
and have been alike in their careers. It is premature to at- 
tempt their biography. Their connection with Haverford as 
instructors was brief, but, like so many others of her teachers, 
they afterward lived careers of distinction and usefulness. 
Teaching for a while in Germantown, they spent some years 
in the West, and were then called to assume the guidance 
of Friends' Boarding-School at Providence. This they con- 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVERFORD REOPENED. 207 

ducted with consummate skill, and won laurels, placing 
the school on a basis of assured financial success, in the 
reward of which they shared. Leaving Providence in pur- 
suit of health, they built up the popular twin summer resorts 
of Lakes Mohonk and Minnewaska. Beautiful, unique and 
most picturesque as they are, these are still more remarkable 
for the singular atmosphere of piety, purity and philan- 
thropy with which their proprietors have succeeded in in- 
vesting them. The fame of those sister conferences at Lake 
Mohonk on Indian affairs and on behalf of the negro has 
gone abroad, and they have created a widespread and power- 
ful influence on public opinion and the course of govern 
ment on those vexed questions. Albert K. Smiley has for 
many years occupied with distinguished honor and ability 
the position of one of the President's Board of Indian Com- 
missioners, created by General Grant, and he is also one of 
the trustees of Bryn Mawr College, under the will of the 
founder. 

The records of the Managers show that a written report 
for the preceding term was made b}'- the Principal and each 
teacher, concerning his department, to the Committee on In- 
struction. This custom was continued. It was a part of 
the then prevailing system of management by the direct 
oversight of committees of the Board. This system secured 
the attention and interest of Managers, but was sometimes 
carried a little too far, as when, for example, a Committee 
of the Board, rather than the steward, was directed to pur- 
chase chairs for the schoolroom. To employ Nasmyth 
steam-hammers to crack shellbarks is a waste of force ! 

The summer term of 1849 opened with forty-five students, 
a gain of 125 per cent, in a year ! The brothers Smiley 
were engaged to assist in teaching English and Mathematics 
while studying to get their own diplomas. 



208 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

At the end of the term the Council of Teachers reported 
to the Managers that these candidates had passed the re- 
quired examinations, and were of good moral character. 
The diploma of Haverford is not given unless both of 
these conditions are fulfilled. The two brothers were the 
graduating class of this year. 

In the evenings of this summer many students amused 
themselves by gathering together in the parlor to read aloud 
Macaulay's History. Its first two volumes had been pub- 
lished the winter before. Its author's graphic descriptions 
of society, his vivid delineations of character, his command- 
ing style, his vast information, and, above all, his fervent 
love of the progress of English liberty, secured their admira- 
tion. That one of the great apostles of English liberty was 
by him defamed, in the person of William Penn, caused a 
peculiar regret to the students, who revered that noble man 
for his goodness. It pleased them, however, that William 
Forster's son was he who first and quickly showed Macaulay 
to have overlooked or disregarded papers and dates easily 
at his hands, and to have ventured upon a groundless attack 
on a great reputation, won by life-long proofs, both of purity 
and strength of character. William Edward Forster's " Penn 
and Macaulay " was a noble earnest of the coming states- 
man. When confronted by the proofs of his mistake, 
Macaulay refused to pay the homage due to Truth, and 
this is said to have troubled the last moments of the great 
historian. 

The winter term of 1849-50 brought again an increase of 
students. They numbered fifty-seven. It brought also a 
picturesque and fine character in Joseph Cartland, who 
came as steward. A genial man he was — tall, wiry, with 
dark, bright eye and aquiline nose. Next Fall he became 
Superintendent. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. PIAVERFORD REOPENED. 209 

Early in the eighteenth century his father's ancestor 
came from Scotland to a part of Dover, N. H., named Lee, 
from Lee on the Cart, a river called by Walter Scott the 
home of the Cartlands. Joseph's mother and the mother 
of John G. Whittier were first cousins. He was born in 
1810. A Friends' Meeting House stood on his father's 
farm. Attendance had become small, and in winter the 
meeting was held in his father's house. 

Joseph remembers William Forster, Isaac Stevenson, 
David Sands, John Comly, and in 1835 William Evans 
being at this house while travelling in the ministry. The 
Philadelphia Friend came there weekly and was regularly 
read. One essay in this came home to him with special 
force, and is looked back upon with gratitude as a warning 
at a critical time. Such influences formed his character and 
established his beliefs as a Friend and convinced him of 
their truth. Of boyish companionships with Friends he 
had but few. None were to be had within three miles of 
his home, and Monthly Meeting was many more miles 
away. 

His relationship with Whittier was an interesting factor 
at Haverford. The poet was not then as famous as now. 
He had not written '' Snow-Bound, " or given to the nation 
" The Centennial Hymn." But his " Palestine " and 
" Barclay of Ury " had been written, and " The Yankee 
Girl " and most of his anti-slavery poems ; and in response 
to Webster's speech and vote on the Fugitive Slave Bill he 
had just sent " Ichabod " rolling through the land. The 
students were proud of our Quaker poet; often talked of him, 
and sympathized in his characterization of the fall of the 
great statesman from his moral height of defender of the 
Constitution. 
14 



210 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



. . . from those great eyes 

The soul is fled ; 
Wiien faith is lost, when honor dies, 

The man is dead ! 

Then pay the reverence of old days 

To his dead fame ; 
Walk backward with averted gaze, 

And hide the shame ! 

Josei3h Cartland remained in charge of the discipline and 
business of Haverford until 1853. In 1855 he married 
Gertrude E. Whittier, Principal of the Female Department 
of Friends' Boarding-School at Providence, R. I., and a 
relative of his own and of the poet. They afterward con- 
ducted that school together on their own account, and in- 
troduced a systematic course of teaching, suggested by that 
of Haverford, which is still largely maintained there, and 
has been followed by other Friends' boarding-schools. 

After five prosperous years they retired from labor, and 
now at Newburyport in his eighty-first year, his eye un- 
dimmed, his hand steady as at forty, surrounded by friends 
and relations, Joseph Cartland lives, a contented and grate- 
ful man. Would there were more lives like his to model 
after, as void of self-seeking and as pure ! 

The summer term of 1850 opened with sixty-two stu- 
dents — another increase. The total that had now been 
enrolled was eighty, viz.: 

From Pennsylvania, . . . . .46 
Massachusetts, 
Maryland, 



New Jersey, 
New York, 
Ohio, . 
Maine, . 
Indiana, 
New Hampsl 
Delaware, 



ire, 



6 
3 
3 
2 
2 
1 

J. 

80 



TPIE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVERFORD REOPENED. 211 

The distiDguishing event of this term was the delivery 
of a short course of lectures on entomology by Henry 
Goadby. Both the subject and the lecturer fell in well with 
the humor of the students. Sixty dollars were paid for this 
service, but that it gave a scientific turn to insect-catching 
at Haverford is not clear. 

The winter term of 1850-51 found the students increased 
to sixty-five. Lindley Murray Moore had resigned his posi- 
tion of Principal, and the duties of that office had been 
divided by making Joseph Cartland Superintendent as to 
discipline, and by appointing A. H. and A. K. Smiley 
teachers of English Literature. It also found Dougan Clark 
assistant teacher. Before the close of the session a like 
position was filled by Zaccheus Test, and George W. Holmes 
(to whom so many a Philadelphia boy owes primary les- 
sons in the limner's art) had been engaged as teacher of 
drawing. 

Another notability, John Lord, author of a number of 
historical works, and until recent years Lecturer on History, 
rose on the horizon of Haverford. He came, engaged to 
deliver six lectures for $60, or a dozen for $100; and how he 
flourished his cambric handkerchief about and reduced it 
to shreds by the end of each lecture, and how, with nasal 
emphasis, he did reiteratingly declare, "Ideas can never 
die," were highly amusing performances. And yet he stim- 
ulated a taste for history, and made us still more eager 
than we were for an early reading of each outcoming vol- 
ume of Abbott's Series of Historical Sketches, published in 
crimson covers, and written with views as highly colored 
as their bindings. 

The student who lives in an isolated college, apart from 
tlie diversions of a great town or city, easily forms a habit 



212 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of reading after his daily hours of study and recreation are 
over. Excellent libraries of standard and current literature 
fostered this habit at Haverford, and her graduates have 
been said to excel in general information. The professors 
of the two oldest universities of America have remarked 
that. The close of the term brought the graduation of 
Thomas .J. Levick. Of the twenty students with whom the 
school reorganized, he was the first to complete the course 
of study. 

The summer term of 1851 opened with sixty-six students, 
still an increase in number, though slight. The most curi- 
ous affair about the term was its close, which was accident- 
ally and unintentionally postponed for a week by the 
Council of Teachers, and that, oh marvellous thing, without 
notice to or remonstrance by the students! 

The annual picnic was held in the leafy month of June, 
record does not say where ; presumably it w^as as usual on 
the steep side of the Schuylkill hill, at the mouth of Mill 
Creek. Once at a picnic there a great stone was carelessl}'' 
rolled down the hill by some students, and struck a tree 
against which was sitting the wife of one of America's most 
distinguished surgeons.^ Luckily it glanced aside, and 
did no damage. 

At the commencement, held 9th month 15th, 1851, the 
diploma of the school was given to 



Joseph L. Baily, 
Philip C. Garrett, . 
Franklin E. Paige, . 
Zaccheus Test, 
James Carey Thomas, 
Richard Wood, 



Berks County, Pa. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Weare, N. H. 
Richmond, Ind. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



1 Dr. Joseph Pancoast, all of wliose sons were Haverford students. 



THE FLOOD SUBSIDES. — HAVERFORD REOPENED, 



213 



Little remains of a general nature for us to record as to 
this period. It is to be regretted that for economic reasons 
it was determined to abandon the greenhouse, which had 
been the centre of many refining influences. On the morn- 
ing of 12th month 16th, 1851, there was ice on Kelly's pond, 
and a forenoon holiday was given the school to enjoy the 
skating. No incident occurred before the close of the year 
which the historian of the period then ending can with 
more pleasure perpetuate. 

But before proceeding with the general narrative, we will 
devote one chapter to illustrating the literary life within 
the college. 




THE GENKKAL WAYNE TAVERN. 



CHAPTER VIIT. 

THE LOGANIAN— FROM THE REOPENING 
TO i8si. 

We grappled witli every topic, 

So the great world could come to no harm ; 
Sometimes oiir discussions were tropic, 

They never were other than warm. 
While the statesmen were still undecided, 

Were doubtful, and dumb, and perplexed, 
You settled the question, or I did, 

And trckled the next. — Jos. Parrish. 




llAUKlTUiN 
(The Residence of Chailes Thomson, Seerctarj' of the Coutiuental Congress). 

(214) 



THE LOGANIAN. 215 

Among the attractions offered to visitors were the weekly 
meetiDgs of the Loganian Society, held on Second day 
evenings, and open to all lookers-on. 

The Society had been suspended at the celebrated meet- 
ing of 12tli month 19th, 1846, and its property turned over 
to trustees; less than twenty days after the reopening of the 
school it was reorganized, and the property of the old 
society formally turned over to the renewed one. 

Lindley Murray Moore was elected President; Richard 
Wood, Vice-President; James C. Thomas, Secretary; Ed- 
ward R. Parry, Treasurer. 

There were chosen a curator, librarian, six managers 
each, of the garden and carpenter shop, three of the lathe; 
a committee of four on fruit, of three on the swing, and of 
five each on Botany, Ornithology and Entomology. 

The members numbered twenty-three — the twenty stu- 
dents and three male officers; the matron was made an 
honorary member the next term. If in this term the Society 
was small, it was also a very active little body. All its 
members frequently, and never less than twenty-one, at- 
tended its meetings. Seventeen were officers or committee- 
men ; more than one held six places. Its first debate as to 
"Which is the more powerful — Love or Revenge?" had been 
gallantly decided for Love. Its exercises were recitations, 
essays, addresses, orations, etc. Two addresses by L. M. 
Moore on the Postal System, and an essay " On the Present 
Events in France " by Jos. W. Aldrich, called forth the 
thanks of the Society. SupjDlying material to the carpenter 
shop, and tools to the garden, and labelling the plants and 
trees of the lawn, busied the appropriate committees. The 
Ornithological Committee, or some other influence, set many 
students to collecting birds' eggs. To protect the birds on 



216 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the lawn this collecting was finally strictly prohibited by 
the Managers. No such protection awaited the unhappy 
butterflies and beetles. Upon these the full, wonted ento- 
mological rage of the Haverford collector was let forth un- 
trammelled. To secure from the rotten stump the largest 
Calosoma, with its lustrous coat of mail ; to net a glorious 
moth poised over a rose in the garden ; to drown these in 
alcohol, to pin them en masse in glass-covered boxes, with 
little regard to classification or nomenclature — these were 
the prizes and this the pride that delighted the Haverford 
insect-catcher! It was the mania of the collector rather 
than the love of the scientist. So far did this mania go, 
such havoc was wrought b}'^ it all about, that at last a noble 
Coleopteron — the sole survivor of his race — by some tele- 
phonic process as yet occult, hummed into the pages of 
The Collegian (of which journal more anon) — 

THE LAMENT OF THE BEETLE TO THE BUGGER. 

[iJe hears his companions. 1 
Hark ! hark ! the buzz and hum 

As of muffled drum, 
And the stirr and the whirr 

As tlie beetles come. 

[His lament. '\ 
Does my horny coat so bright appear 

In your eager eyes, 
That you seek me out and pin me here 

As your lawful prize ? 
Why take me from my native air 

Or woody cell, 
Where ne'er was heard the voice of care, 

AVith you to dwell ? 

Do you never think of the grief 

That I must feel? 
Your eyes are dull, your ears are deaf. 

Your heart of steel. 
Why plunge me in your liorrid bath 

Of liquid fire ? 
Wliat liave 1 done to court your wrath 

Or raise your ire ? 



THE LOGANIAN. 217 

Why tear me from my parents dear, 

And tender wife ? 
Why cause me thus to end in fear 

My wretched life ? 
Oh ! in the old stump, as it lies 

'Neath yonder tree, 
My children now with eager eyes 

Look out for me. 

Oh ! pin me not in that dreadful place, 

Well painted red. 
Where thousands of my guiltless race 

Lie cold and dead. 
Oh ! let me go to my own dear home. 

Deep in the shade. 
Where the beetles wild in freedom roam 

O'er all the glade. 

Then pray, kind bugger, let me go 

To my anxious wife, 
To my children dear and parents, who 

Once gave me life. 
Oh ! then thy name with sweetest song 

We'll gladly hum 
In shade by day, and all night long 

Where'er we come. 

l_He escapes.'] 
'Tis over and done, 

And on sounding wings 

The beetle springs. 
And is gone. — Coleoptera. 

That the woods within a mile of Haverford still bear 
some scions of this noble race may be due to this fortunate 
escape, as Noah luckily repeopled the earth by his survival 
of the flood. 

At the meeting of the Society held 8th month 7th, 1848, 
no one of the active members appearing to be perfectly 
fitted to fill the place of orator, it was resolved to invite 
Dr. Henry Hartshorne, an honorary member, to deliver at 
the close of the term, in lieu of the oration, an address em- 
bracing a sketch of the history of the Society from its 
foundation. 



218 HISTORY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 

The acceptance of this invitation was carried into effect by 
the delivery of the graceful historical and poetical address 
that has passed into literature as " Haverford Revived." 

One of its gems is its tribute to Daniel B. Smith, eloquent 
with the love of his old pupils and their honor for him as 
the first President of the Society. 

" Not in vain did he hope, to use his own humble 
language, to have here spent twelve years in the service of 
Truth and Virtue. Denying himself many comforts, es- 
tranging his time from the pursuit of wealth, or the enjoy- 
ment of leisure, every talent of his able and cultivated 
mind was exerted actively, patiently, anxiously, to advance 
the cause of education on this spot. We must ever regard 
his good influence as having been the most important ele-* 
ment in the development of our minds and the formation 
of our characters." 

The address closed with lines which touch a responsive 
chord in a wide experience, and reflections which are of 
lasting value : 

" Ghostlike, the beings and events of other days come up 
before us; and I cannot but speak to them. They are 
answered by the contrast of things now present in our 
outer and inner world. 

O prime of life ! thy fairy hour has fled ! 

Gone with the dews that declc the mead at morn ! 
We gathered flowers with thee, but they ai'e dead, 

Tlie stems that bore them withered lie forlorn. 

We wander in the fields, but find no more — 
We miss their fragrance in the opening spring; 

We list for music where the winds once bore 
p]den-like strains ; those birds no longer sing ! 

Yet myriad flowei's still carpet the fair earth, 
And thousand songsters charm the summer air. 

Why o'er our hearts will fall such woful dearth 
That blights all beauty, fragrance, music there '.' 



THE LOGANIAN. 219 

It is the cloud, O man ! of thine eclipse ; 

It is the shadow of thy mortal woe ; 
Youth offers Hope's sweet chalice to our lips, 

But ere Youth flees, Truth bids that hope forego. 

We knew not then, though taught, how Sin could reign. 
Could blind the eye of Day, and unstar Night ; 

Could poison pleasure, lend new darts lo pain. 

And forestall Death ere Death had claimed his right. 

We know it now ; nay more, the spell hath wrought 
In us, and therefore hath our sky grown dull ; 

And therefore have our day-dreams come to naught. 
And naught, as once it seemed, is beautiful. 

Yet fear me not ; no, Heaven forbid that fear. 

That life's young glory was a dream alone; 
He who hath seen the sun shine strong and clear, 

Shall he despair, though storms now gird its zone? 

We have a " more sure word of prophecy ;" 

We mark the day-beam through the opening heaven ; 

From shining mountain-tops deep waters fly. 

The rainbow stands — our certain promise given ! 

"It is as one of the former students of Haverford and an 
ex-member of the Loganian Society that I am among you, 
and I am thus thrown into reflection on their history since 
leaving the institution. Many of them are scattered far 
and wide; some are no more. Upon this theme I maybe 
allowed a few moments yet to moralize. 

" We look back upon our dwelling at Haverford as upon 
a kind of Happy Valley; more wisely planned, indeed, 
than that of Rasselas, in which all that was pleasantest, 
innocent and projfitable was gathered for our use, while 
many of the evils of the world were removed or hidden or 
only known to the glare of distant conflagration, and the 
tidings of far-off strife. 

" Yet the sphere of our life widens with our years ; feel- 
ings, affections and interests deepen, the light of enjoyment 
becomes more intense and vivid, the shadow of suffering 



220 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

deeper and more terrible. We can now more easily con- 
ceive the immortality of our nature, from the development 
of our capacities for happiness or despair. 

" We have known the trial around us, if not within us, of 
those principles which we are taught here earnestly, as the 
words of immutable truth ; and we have proved them by 
another and more painful rule, the experience of every 
other plan of life. Here is a sad, dark chapter in our recol- 
lections. 

"Ten years have not been idly spent with closed eyes 
and ears and moveless feet in a world like this, by some 
whose very nature is a foe to sleep. But why need the les- 
son be repeated which they have learned ? Did ever man 
gain by the experience of another ? Is there anything new 
under the sun ? Yet the message must be given. 

" We have seen tried infidelity, indifference and the will- 
ing choice of evil. A fearful thing is the reckless unbelief 
of the ardent, even when sincere. Although assured that 
the world's pageant is all a mockery, they yet long to go 
near, and for themselves strip the mask from each angel- 
faced demon, the wand from each Circe, and the instrument 
of her music from every Siren that lures them to destruc- 
tion. They would see, hear, feel, all that can be seen, 
heard, felt, by man. Did not Eve so, and Adam so, and 
was it not thus they fell ? 

" Would that the voice of some of those might be heard, 
who, from the very gates of ruin, have come back, singed 
and scathed in spirit, if not in body, to tell of the terrible 
evils, the fearful lies, which stroll like painted actors to and 
fro on the stage of this world ; to cry aloud of the deep and 
bitter falsehood there is in all enjoyment sought for its 
own sake, in the wa3^s of evil, and that the only life 



THE LOGANIAN. 221 

which man can find to satisfy the craving of his soul is 
that eternal life which is in the Truth and the love of God. 

" I repeat : these are the principles which we were taught 
on this spot ; we have seen them tried and proved by 
every test ; and the more we learn of man, of nature and 
of human life, the deeper must be our respect and grati- 
tude toward those who here gave us, as students of Hav- 
erford and members of the Loganian Society, the only true 
philosophy of life, and death, and immortality ! " 

The first term of the reopened school closed with this 
oration on Haverford Revived. 

The winter term of 1849-50 saw the activity of the Lo- 
ganian Society unabated. In this term a new exercise was 
devised, viz., " Reading for Information " on subjects, and 
by members chosen by the Council. " Talking for Infor- 
mation" and "Answering Questions," under like condi- 
tions, were afterward developed. It was decided, too, that 
some " critic " should silently and unknown watch the 
proceedings of each meeting, and anonymously comment 
on them at the next. At the end of the term the Vice- 
President's address was delivered by Richard Wood. 

The winter term of 1849-50 brought the revival of 

The Collegian. 

This was the literary journal of Haverford, prepared by 
the Loganian Society, and read in manuscript once a month 
in a meeting of the Society. 

It was not, as college papers largely are, a purveyor of 
college news, but was, in truth, a literary paper. It was 
written on white sheets, letter-size, with a narrow border- 
line an inch or so from the edge of the sheets. It was bound 
up with fine engravings of landscapes (relating, when pos- 



222 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



sible, to its papers) in handsome volumes of dark-green 
morocco. Its excellence fluctuated from time to time with 
the ability of those who wrote for it. 

It was now to enter one of its most interesting periods. 
In two years its articles numbered 222, and its pages 1,159. 
These may be classified as follows : 



Editorial, . 

Didactic, . 

Humorous, 

Travels, . 

Miscellaneous, 

Biography, 

Poetical, . 

Historical, 

Linguistic, 

Loganian Society Affairs, 

Natural History, 

Political, . 

Mathematical (A Puzzle), 



Articles. 


Page.s 


20 


54 1 


01 


308 


37 


219 


14 


136f 


23 


124i 


18 


1221 


30 


891 


8 


621 


2 


131 


4 


12 


3 


10 


1 


5 


1 


1 



222 1,1581 



Ninety articles were produced by nine regular writers; 
the rest were the work of occasional contributors, among 
them, perchance, the wife of a professor, or a neighbor of the 
School, or a Manager. Charles Yarnall, perhaps the most 
scholarly man who ever sat on the Haverford Board, con- 
tributed " An Essay on Dr. Thomas Arnold," and a noble 
article on " England's Greatest Statesman," Sir Robert Peel. 

Even the brute creation made its voice heard. Honest 
farmer Scott's " Gander" cackled a criticism on the ancient 
poems of Mother Goose ; and the great " Toad under the 



THE LOGANIAN. 223 

Terrace Steps " lamented the destruction of garden flowers 
by rose-lice, and made known how the frogs, his cousins, 
told him our boys unmercifully ducked each other as they 
bathed in the pond. 

An article in its first number, by one Dr. Langdon, gave 
directions for making a paper. Into the retort of ambition, 
the doctor advises there be cast sound judgment, good taste, 
a vein of humor, scintillations of wit, and a few poetical mus- 
ings. These being in proper proportions, and thoroughly 
mixed with common sense, and occasionally treated with a 
little perseverance and energy, will, under the constant 
application of the fire of enthusiasm, volatilize into those 
various ideas of which a good paper consists. 

" Very good ! " says Tyro Lingo in an article in the next 
number, " I serve notice on the public that I will try the 
experiment." 

In performance of this. Tyro relates that he had fash- 
ioned a retort, thrown in as many of the ingredients as he 
could, had applied the fire and awaited distillation. In the 
fumes there seemed to be pictured an author at work in his 
study. At first the outline was clear, the words of delinea- 
tion short and distinct. These became hazier and longer 
as vaporization continued, till, looming through the mist, 
the author appeared as one who strove " verbosely to in- 
comprehensificate an already insignificantly incommuni- 
cative and inconceivably non-understandable communica- 
tion. 

" At the moment, when deep amazement at the increasing 
length of the words was suggesting" to the experimenter 
" the propriety of procuring a telescope to find the end of 
them," an explosion was heard, the retort burst, and wildly 
scattered all around its muddy matter. 



224 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Tyro Lingo aghast, but reflective, remembered that, like 
many another aspirant for popular attention, he had used 
too little good judgment and common sense. He deter- 
mined, therefore, to abandon the retort of ambition and its 
productions, and to apply the few grains of perseverance 
left him to the mechanical forces of the screw and lever, 
and grind out machine poetry. 

The next number finds Tyro 

" Eager to hope but not less firm to bear ; 
Acquainted with all feelings save despair." 

" At Philosopher's Hall, Cynictown, Nonnomen Avenue, 
three doors above Nowhere," he had procured a poetical 
machine, constructed on the improved mechanical princi- 
ples of Olmstead's Natural Philosophy, and had attempted 
to turn it to sweet Lydian measures. Words had flowed : 

' Our States enjoy communion, 

Are free from strife and vexation ; 
The men are whole-souled for the Union, 

And the women for Annexation. 
Hail Columbia ! happy land ! 
The home of this sagacious band, 
Where postage is more than a letter's worth, 
And where are valentines enough to drive bachelors from the earth ! ' " 

The mechanism being clearly at fault, and allowing too 
many syllables to slip into the last line. Tyro adjusted a 
screw and again turned the crank : 

" Our spelling is so very nice, 

Possessing great variety ; 
In a word, choose the letters you like, 

And you'll spell wiih equal propriety. 
Great men we liave to rule o'er us, 
Who wisely leave us to our own course 
And pocket their money — Horse." 

"Wo worth such luck again !" exclaimed Tyro, as the last 
word, all astray, dropped from the broken " poetry mill." 



THE LOGANIAN. 225 

Thus the fun went on from number to number, and is 
thought to have reached a climax in an essay on "The 
Sublime," a burlesque of the "De Sublimitate" of Longinus. 

This Grecian defines the essence of sublimity to be ele- 
vation. 

"That's something pretty high," cries our literary rol- 
licker. "That's like 

The old woman tossed up in a blanket, 
Seventy times as high as the moon." 

Or like some men to whom it has been given to greatly 
soar above mankind and from their high standing to have 
" thrown glory on their generation as a man would empty 
a faather bed from an attic window." 

Along with this merriment (and it was often wise merri- 
ment) there came from other pens essays in great variety. 

Among them were biographical sketches of Voltaire, 
Tycho Brahe, Archimedes and Charles XII; reflections, on 
the Worship of Genius, on Superstition, on the Practical 
and Useful, Forest Music, Imagination, and on the Irish- 
man ; analyses of character, in Socrates, Madame Roland, 
William Allen, and Luther before the Diet of Worms; 
pretty bits of miscellaneous work, such as Fancies and 
Thoughts in a Snow-Storm, a short critique of In Memo- 
riam, a Letter from Theoros, and a Sermon on Jacob Kissed 
Rachel; humorous bits, in Jack and Jill Analyzed, in a 
Dissertation on Shaking Hands, a,nd in the Doctor and his 
Patient, by Job Seldon ; mythological and historical arti- 
cles, of which the Expedition of the Argonauts and the 
Aztec and Peruvian Empires are good examples; and a 
long and careful study of English Spelling in two articles 
on Phonography and Phonotypy. 

The Ode to Hannibal Dying, and the Lines to the Inte- 
15 



226 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

gral Calculus (the latter a curious blending of the exact, the 
fanciful and the witty) are by one possessed of true poetic 
feeling and faculty. 

Notes of a Residence in Nova Scotia and My First Voyage 
at Sea (both by Rambler) are graphic descriptions worthy 
of De Foe. 

Something of the character and mental habit of the 
writers is indicated by the subjects they treat of. A wide 
range has been taken by the authors of The Collegian. 
Youth does range widely. The world is new to it. Life 
is before it. The allotted seventy years seem to stretch out 
beyond it to an horizon that hardly knows of bounds. Its 
thoughts are long thoughts. It seems to itself to have 
space for its forth-puttings, room for its energies, ambitions 
and careers. This is good, but it is not the whole of good. 
Later years, life's shortening voyage draws into growing 
clearness the headlands of the coming world. These head- 
lands must dominate the close of any life that ends in suc- 
cess. Their influence should permeate life's course. What 
are these headlands? Are they not love, joy, peace, long- 
suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance? 

Judged, then, by these standards — the standards youth 
sets up for itself, and those experience teaches it to adopt — 
how do the authors of The Collegian appear in the subjects 
they have chosen to treat of? 

The subjects already cited indicate these authors to have 
been intelligent, others that they were manly, and others 
again show them to have been reflective and serious. 

Among the former are found the Ideal, Hope, Applica- 
tion, Perseverance, Earnestness, Industry, Progress of the 
Human Mind, Independence of Thought, The Force of Ex- 
ample and Labor Omnia Vincit : among the latter, Child- 



THE LOGANIAN. 227 

hood, Friendship, Immortality, the Power of Good, Truth 
and What is Truth ? 

As one who, finding an indication of ore on the surface 
of the ground, drives a diamond drill into the rocks, and 
extracts of their substance a core that reveals the riches 
they may hold, so is it possible to go below the titles of the 
articles in The Collegian and expose for consideration brief 
passages of its contents. The following are representative, 
and have been taken as the eye fell through the pages : 

. . . " It is a blessing to live in an age and amongst a 
people when sound, evangelical views of religion prevail, 
and a curse to abide with those whose ideas are of a con- 
trary description." . , . (Voltaire — Vol. 1, No. 1 — 
Rutland.) 



. . . " Let us, then, admire and value as the gifts of 
our Heavenly Benefactor the intellectual power which en- 
ables men to accomplish so much, and which, under the 
guidance of Him who gave it, lifts them to heights of dig- 
nity of which Antiquity furnishes no example, and had no 
conception ; but let us not forget that apart from that guid- 
ance, its tendencies are to evil, and that Genius separated 
from the regenerating influence of Christianity becomes the 
abhorred instrument of eternal ruin." . . . (Worship 
OF Genius — Vol. 1, No. 2 — A. Proser.) 



. . . " He firmly believed the Earth to be an enor- 
mous living animal, affected by the configurations of the 
stars in the same way as a man is with music. Sometimes, 
however, he noticed that the Earth's emotions, which was 
the name that he gave to earthquakes, battles, storms, 
tumults, etc., did not always follow instantly the configura- 
tions. To explain this, he says, * The Earth sometimes 



228 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

appears lazy and obstinate, and at other times (after long 
configurations) she becomes exasperated and gives way to 
her passions. For, in fact, the Earth is not an animal like 
a dog, ready at every nod, but more like a bull or an ele- 
phant, slow to become angry and so much the more furious 
when incensed.' "... (Kepler— Vol. 1, No. 2— Lang- 
don.) 

. " I urge not the discussion of political questions 
connected with slavery, but I would that there should be 
instilled into the mind of every Haverford student a warm 
feeling in behalf of the slave, and an utter abhorrence of 
the wicked system of Slavery." . . . (Slavery— Vol. 1, 
No. 3— Tyro.) 

. . . " Useful is a dangerous term to be used. If it be 
applied exclusively to horses, lands, food, drink and cloth- 
ing, and if we are trained up in the belief that everything 
useful is desirable, then we shall be missing the loftier aims 
of life. We shall be placing the gratification of the ai)pe- 
tites before the cultivation of the intellect and the improve- 
ment of the heart. "... 

. " One of the strongest and most dangerous ten- 
dencies of the mind is that of dwelling almost exclusively 
upon the present time and the present place." . . . 

(PjtACTlCAL AND USEFUL Vol. 1, No. 5.) 



. " Was not this condition a gross violation of the 
dearest rights of American citizens? If the mob have the 
right to stop free discussion on the subject of slavery, have 
they not the same right on any other subject?" . . . 
(Disturbances by Captain Rynders at the American 
Anti-Slavery Society— Vol. 1, No. 5.) 



THE LOGANIAN. 229 

. . . " According to this, the common word scissors 
could he spelled in one million seven hundred and forty- 
five thousand two hundred and twenty-two different ways, 
and in every case authority could be found in other words 
of the English language to justify the use of each letter and 
combination." . . . (Ppionography and riioNO'jyj'y — 
Vol. 1, No. 0— Cadmus.) 



. . . "I made my way to the best looking lodge; after 
hallooing and shaking the blanket hung at the door, I 
gained admittance. Inside I found nine persons, large 
and small, ranged around a fire in the centre, like the 
spokes of a wheel. A vacant place was soon cleared for me 
by driving out the dog." . . . (Residence in Nova 
Scotia — Vol. 1, No. — Rambler.) 



. . . '* Is it not the best way, after all, thus to escape 
the evils of life by conquering them? Yes, learn to con- 
vert the duties of this work-a-day world into life's brightest 
pleasures, and thou wilt soon be surprised at the numerous 
delights and enjoyments surrounding thee. Lot us not 
hesitate to adopt the conclusion that there are no real pleas- 
ures disconnected from duty." . . . 

. . . "The Greeks were eminently social, and their 
gods partook of their nature. They mingled with men, 
talked with them, went with them to battle. The Greek 
embraced his god, and looked upon him as an object of 
love as well as fear." . . . (Religion of the Greeks 
AND Germans.) 



. . . " Filled with all the pedantic trash that has cost 
those scientific scavengers so much inconceivable vexation, 
and so many years of indefatigable toil — hyperbolic curva- 



230 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

tures, indescribable reactions, astounding electro-magnetic 
phenomena, incomprehensibly magnificent j)erturbations, 
soul-petrifying rhetorical flourishes, unheard-of grammati- 
cal figures, Lepidodendra Sternbergii, subtle distinctions 
between inseparable mental essences, carefully differenti- 
ated, . . . leges triumphales, and all those ' sesqui- 
pedalia verba' (I hate long words) and this nameless trump- 
ery, which ambitious compilers so patiently collected from 
every approachable source to earn for themselves the appel- 
lation of Scholars (' sport to them, but death to us ') — all 
these were left to entertain each other ; and with inexpress- 
ible pleasure did we all rush forth." . . . (Escape to 
THE Picnic — Vol. 2, No. 1 — Tyro Lingo.) 



. . . " 'I neither can nor will retract anything. I stand 
here and can say no more; God help me.' There spoke 
the soul of true courage." . . . 

"Yes, noble champion of truth, thou wast more than con- 
queror. Thy simple but sublime words display a moral 
fearlessness of heart, such as no earthly motive, no animal 
instinct could supply. It could only be inspired by unwa- 
vering faith in Him who walked with the faithful three 
in the midst of the burning, fiery furnace and preserved 
them so that the fire had no power over them." (Luther 

BEFORE THE DiET OF WORMS Yol. 2, No. 2 — Ircuius.) 



"Some persons consider it a requisite of gentlemanliness 
to make use of the cleanl}^ practices of chewing and smok- 
ing tobacco ; but in this elementary discourse, I will not sup- 
pose our friend to have arrived at such a height of perfec- 
tion in the art." . . . (Letter from Theoros — Yol. 2, 
No. 2.) 



THE LOGANIAN. 231 

..." Patriotism is noble ; endurance is noble, noth- 
ing so grand as the life of that man who lives in accord- 
ance with the dictates of Religion and Conscience." . . . 
(Madame Roland — Vol. 2, No. 4 — Rutland.) 



. . . " They are curious to know, for example, * what 
kind of a horse light travels upon.' Also ' concerning how 
the world was peopled, and, in fact, whether it was peopled 
at all.' (No wonder if they judged others by themselves.)" 
(An Apostrophe — Vol. 2, No. 4 — Tyro Lingo.) 



. . . "But different from this, and yet beautiful, is for- 
est music, sweet are bird voices and sweet are rural sounds; 
but there is a peculiar charm in lying on some grassy 
knoll, beyond the reach of human turmoil, and listening to 
the mighty wind resounding through the forest, whose giant 
trunks seem like the chords of some Titan harp and send a 
thrill of the sublime and beautiful through us." . . . 
(Forest Music — Vol. 2, No. 4 — Excelsior.) 



" The deck was still wet and slippery with the rain and 
spray; and as the vessel plunged diagonally from one wave 
to another, it rose and fell and rolled about in such a man- 
ner that, unused to so unstable a footing, I could scarcely keep 
my feet. At one moment I would be bending forward as if 
to ascend a steep hill, at the next, leaning cautiously back 
to descend ; now, perhaps the decks would suddenly retreat 
from beneath my descending foot, sending me some yards 
sideways against the gunwale to regain my balance ; and 
then, as suddenly rising, it would strike violently against 
my foot and send me staggering in the opposite direction. 

" This instability of all things, this utter confusion of up 



232 HISTORY OF HAVERFOKD COLLEGE. 

and down, soon made my brain dizzy, and my stomach was 
not long in sympathizing with it, giving undeniable evi- 
dence of approaching sea-sickness." . . . " Here I found 
things as unsteady as on deck ; everything was in a whirl. 
I tried fixing m}-- eyes upon one corner of my berth, but it 
too rolled and swam, so that I could not bear to look at it. 
I then shut my eyes, hoping to find relief in that way, but 
every time the stern of the vessel fell, it seemed as though 
all things were giving away beneath me, and down, down I 
went, fairly holding my breath in horrible suspense like a 
person who dreams of falling." ..." War, self-defence, 
oaths, etc., were severally debated upon, until the Doctor 
was driven to assert that the Jewish law was still in force, 
and I was unable to follow him any further." . . . (My 
First Voyage at Sea — Vol. 2, No. 5 — Rambler.) 



. . . " Remember that if you live, you will all have 
at one time to fill important places in this mighty world. 
At some time hence, the globe will be peopled, society will 
be composed, governments will be carried on, by the now 
growing youth." . . . (Letter from Theoros — Vol. 2, 
No. 5— L.) 



. . . " People are beginning to examine whether it is 
right to deprive a human being of his life, on account of 
some crime which he has committed." . . . (Does the 
World Improve? — Vol. 2, No. 5 — L.) 



. . . " The most refined nations of antiquity spoke, as 
you know, " Ore rotundo ; " i.e., with words so big that they 
had to roll them up. The Greek name for a great talker or 
babbler is Lalobaryparameloryflimobotes." . . . (Sui5Ject, 
What? — Vol. 2, No. 5 — Tyro Lingo.) 



THE LO.GANIAN. 233 

. . . " It is universally admitted that honesty is the 
best policy, and honesty cannot exist without truthfulness. 
It is pre-eminently the case among boys — it makes a light 
heart and happy days — it gives a new charm to the counte- 
nance, a fresh grace to the mind — it makes its possessor 
respected and beloved ; it holds the head up and shines 
from the very eyes ; in the foundation of character it should 
be the corner-stone." . . . (Vol. 2, No. 6.) 



. . . "No subject is too mean to receive the beauty of 
poetry, and none so lofty to which it will not soar." . , . 
(Imagination — Vol. 2, No. 6 — R.) 



. . . " Then comes the trying hour, then comes the 
test of principle, when fairly embarked upon the sea of busi- 
ness, among its shoals, whirlpools and eddies, to bear aloft, 
nailed to the flag-staff, the widespread banner of strict, un- 
deviating truth, honor, honesty and virtue. He who does 
this, he who lives up in word and in deed to this motto in 
all its beauty and purity, shows himself worthy of the place 
that sent him forth to buffet with the rough storms of 
life." . . . (Hopes and Prospects of Haverford 
Students — Vol. 2, No. 8.) 



. . . *' A mighty genius is that which is equal to its 
thoughts, which is able to embody its own conceptions, 
which, when the soul overflows with strong feeling, suffers 
not that feeling to perish. ... 

. . . "All genius is equal to its circumstances, and 
here is its great beauty and its mighty power." . . . 
(Genius— Vol. 2, No. 8.) 



234 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

. . . " How important, then, it is that we cultivate the 
true spirit of humilit}^ ; tliat we make it a corner-stone of 
character, and one upon which we shall never cease to 
build, let our attainments, our honors or our distinctions be 
what they may." "Humility is the attribute of true no- 
bility, and how beautiful it appears!" . . . (Mental 
Cultivation — Vol. 2, No. 8 — Burritt.) 



. . . " It (Penn's Treaty) was a glorious era in the 
world's dark history." . . . "It shone amid its records 
of blood, beautified and perfect, with the sunshine of 
heaven resting upon it, like some island of clustering fresh- 
ness amid scenes of desolation." . . . (Philadelphia 
—Vol. 2, No. 8.) 

. . . " She said but one thing, and that was that all 
around her should be happy. And this principle, could it 
but guide our actions, whilst it need not interfere with our 
duty, w^ould make us both happy ourselves and beloved by 
others." . . . (Josephine — Vol. 3, No. 2.) 



. . . " Something like the man's nose, you know, 
which was so lonp-, that he could not hear himself 



sneeze." . . . 



. . . "The social advantages of our society, though 
they have been less talked of than the intellectual, are yet, 
we trust, readily perceived. Long after we have left these 
walls where we have so often met, will the associations 
which cluster around this paper and this place dwell in 
our minds and continue to whisper in our souls." . . . 
(Essay on Shooting — Vol. 2, No. 8 — Tyro Lingo.) 



THE LOGANIAN. 235 

HANNIBAL DYING. 

'Tis past — the day of glory's past, 

Stern fate hath sealed my doom, 
The sands of life are falling fast, 

I'm sinking to the tomb. 
And oh ! it chafes my burning heart, 
That I must unavenged depart. 

God ! how changed is fortune's sky ; 
An exile, reft of all. 

Without a friend to close my eye. 

Or mark me when I fall. 
Unwept, dishonored, lost to fame, 

1 die this death of damning shame. 

Ye tyrants ! long the day has flown 

Since on the Cannsean plain 
The fierce Hamilcar's fiercer son 

Eode victor o'er your slain. 
But though the sun of glory's set. 
My hate — my hate expires not yet. 

I curse thee — an undying fire 

My soul with fury fills — 
May fell barbarians light thy pyre. 

Queen of the seven hills. 
May Goths and Vandals revel where 
Thy palaces and temples were. 

On thee be poured all wrathful fate, 

In one devouring flame. 
Thy ruins lie all desolate, 

And blasted be thy name. 
I die lone, friendless, poor, bereft — 
But this, my scathing curse is left. — Benjamin. 



TO THE INTEGEAL CALCULUS. 

Ill-favored son of Science, thou 

Wast born when Science' head was hoary ; 
When wrinkles covered o'er his brow 

And he was shorn of grace and glory. 

More horrid offspring ne'er was seen, 

The ugliest visage in creation ; 
And form — as crooked, lank and lean 

As thy own sign of Integration. 



236 HISTOKY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Thou'rt even now but in thy youth, 

Of evil works a new beginner, 
Yet thou, misshapen and uncouth, 

Dost seem an old and hardened sinner. 

Thou art all knotty, hard and rough. 

There's not a lovely trait about thee ! 
Methinks thy sire, with sons enough. 

Had better far have done without thee. 

Thy hateful picture, who can bear — 

The very plague of " genus homo ? " 
To puzzle students still thy care, 

And cheat them out of a Diploma. 

Thou hast a brother like to thee. 

But far more comely to the viewing. 
And thou, vile wretch, must ever be 

Undoing all that he is doing. 

One of yon is enough, at worst. 

And both are surely not essential. 
For X should be as 'twas at first. 

Or else remain a differential. 

But after he has brought it down 

By simple ratiocination, 
Thou spiteful, sly, malicious clown. 

Just bringest back the first equation. 

And now thou hast been hither brought 

Upon my 'wildered brains to fatten ; 
Oh ! would that Dr. Young had thought 

A little more of Greek and Latin. 

Astronomers may praise thy fame. 

And sometimes seek thy stern assistance. 
But, saith the poet, Utinavi 

That thou wast still a non-existence. — Brantock. 

Whoever reads TJie Collegian will find throughout it some- 
thing entertaining or instructive, expressed in well-written 
sentences. Whatever he may think of its literary excel- 
lence, he will believe it to have been the work of strong- 
heads and sound hearts, preparing to play a good part in 
whatever lay before them. Its manifest religious tone did 
not come from those intending to make sacred things a pro- 



THE LOGANIAN. 237 

fession, or in training for a theological life. It was the ex- 
pression of youths preparing to win their bread as mer- 
chants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, farmers, or in any other 
honest calling, and who were yet conscious that these call- 
ings must be pursued in subordination to the calls to the 
higher life. It may be noted too that at a time of strong 
political excitement, when the Fugitive Slave Law and the 
Repeal of the Missouri Compromise were agitating the 
United States, there was but one political essay in The Col- 
legian. The forefathers of its authors had been the fore- 
most in detecting the moral sin of slavery, and had freed 
themselves and their children from it more than a hundred 
years before; and yet these children, in the midst of a 
great agitation, and almost on the eve of a great war re- 
garding it, were calmly thinking and writing on all other 
subjects except that one — that one and one other, in which 
too their forefathers had been leaders — the subject of Peace. 
There is no essay by them on Peace, nor is it referred to 
except by indirect allusion. If one writes of Sir William 
Wallace he inserts a few words of regret that the talents of 
so admirable a character were exercised in war. A similar 
brief lament closes an article on the character of Tecumseh. 
In an essay on Sir Walter Scott it is noted that "many 
dislike his poems on the ground that their tendency is to 
foster a liking for war in their readers," and no further 
comment is made on this point. Such brief incidental al- 
lusion is all these essays contain upon the two topics which 
are thought to be specialties of the Quakers. That two 
score and more of Quaker youths, intelligent, manly and 
serious, should have poured their inmost thoughts for two 
years into more than eleven score of papers, but one of 
which is directly concerned with Slavery, and none with 



238 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Peace, is an instructive incident. Why was this ? It was 
clearly not indifference. It was not want of conviction. It 
was rather that conviction was strong and clear enough to 
have become a part of unconscious existence, as much a 
portion of being as lungs and brains are of bodies. The 
question of the right or wrong of slavery and war, so far 
as these young Haverford writers were concerned, was 
finished and settled ; did not even exist. They did not dis- 
cuss it in their essays. Neither did they write papers on 
the shape of their bodies, or the color of their eyes. On 
this plane their lives proceeded. And sweet, natural lives 
they were; better, happier, and the more truly based, be- 
cause free from these two belittling influences. If, then, 
such genuine lives, so cheerful, bright and practical, so un- 
touched by prevalent evils, can be attained by any, why 
not by more, why not by all ? Does not " the true philoso- 
phy of life" consist in obedience and love ? Cannot these 
lift existence to any height ? 

At the end of the winter term of 1849-50, James Carey 
Thomas delivered the Vice-President's address. During 
the summer term of 1850 the Loganian Society maintained 
its usual course of activity. Declamations, talks and read- 
ings for information, answers to questions suggested by its 
council, essays, lectures, debates, and The Collegian, occu- 
pied its weekly meetings. One debate, as to "Whether the 
Indians have received more wrong from the whites than 
the negroes," was decided in the negative by a vote of the 
Society. 

One evening its usual proceedings were varied by three 
declamations, one each in French, Italian and Latin — not 
that those making them were specially strong in these lan- 
guages, but that they ventured forth as eaglets do for short 
distances, to try their feeble powers. 



THE LOGANIAN. 239 

Early in the winter term of 1850-51 William W. Cadbury 
made the customary oration as orator of the Society. 

A little later, a debate on the question " Are the influ- 
ences which tend to perpetuate stronger than those which 
tend to dissolve the Union of the United States ?" was de- 
cided in the affirmative by a majority of a jury of three — 
a decision which has been confirmed in the late Civil War 
by the majority of the people of the United States. 

Later still the question was debated " Whether the exclu- 
sion of foreign articles to encourage domestic manufactures 
be conducive to public wealth," and was decided in the neg- 
ative by an almost unanimous vote of the Society. On the 
Tariff question thus overstated the decision of the people 
coincides with that of the Society, but when that question in 
its practical form is voted upon by the people, the colleges 
are usually reversed, as the last national election shows. 

This term the Society seemed disposed to give the same 
exercise to many members at a time, as if it were well to 
hunt instruction in packs. Once twenty-two members each 
read eight lines of their own verse : encouraged by this ef- 
fort, thirty at another meeting read each his own original 
poem. Twenty members once wrote as many essays on "The 
Dog," and again twenty -three each an essay on " Rats." 

Among the various positions, financial, learned and sa- 
cred, afterward held by these writers, is that of the United 
States Collector of a prominent Atlantic seaport, an appoint- 
ment by one of the great political parties continued under 
the administration of the other. Do the United States 
Civil Service rules only apply to authors on the domestic 
animals? 

At the close of the term the Vice-President's oration was 
delivered by Franklin E. Paige. 



240 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



In the summer of 1S51 the literary sportiveiiess shown by 
the Loganian Society in the last term had now a counter- 
part in some serious work. Its President, the classical pro- 
fessor, delivered before it a lecture on the Times and Char- 
acter of Cicero. The question being debated " Is the influ- 
ence of poetry becoming less?" the jur}^ unanimously de- 
cided it was not. The Society by a resolution expressed its 
sense " that emulation as an incentive to action should be 
discouraged," and this, notwithstanding its records show it 
to have been of the opinion that in the debate on the sub- 
ject the weightiest arguments expressed were to the contrary. 

Upon the cjuestion "Whether there were reasons in Nature 
for using the right hand more than the left?" the Society 
voted there were. Would a college of surgeons so decide? 

Toward the close of 1851, Charles Schaeffer presented 
the Society with a handsome map of the lawn showing the 
location and names of its fine collection of trees. 




THE SEEPENTINE. 



CHAPTER IX. 
GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA, 1852-56. 

Yet not the less, when once the vision passed, 

He held the plain and sober maxim fast 

Of the dear Friends with whom his lot was cast. — Whittiee. 

The years from 1852 to 1856 were conspicuous years in 
the history and development of Haverford. During that 
period important changes were made in the corps of instruct- 
ors, and a marked advance was accomplished in the material 
equipment of the institution. It brought Joseph G. Harlan, 
Dr. Paul Swift, William A. Reynolds, and Thomas Chase, 
every one a man of mark, into the list of teachers, and it 
saw the observatory supplied with its most important in- 
struments, the gymnasium established and equipped, and 
the buildings first lighted by gas. Besides these, this pe- 
riod witnessed the first step in the change of school into 
college, and saw the institution well launched upon its sec- 
ond career of progress and usefulness. 

The same years saw the scientific studies developed into 
a new importance and accorded more space. Previous to 
1852, they had held a very secondary place in the curric- 
ulum ; and it may not be inappropriate, in this connec- 
tion, to recur to the frequent evidences of intention to give 
them prominence, manifested in various utterances of the 
school authorities, from time to time, though hitherto but 

16 (241) 



242 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

imperfectl}^ carried into effect. At a meeting held as early 
as 5th month 14th, 1831, it was agreed that of the three 
teachers at the opening of the school, one should be " a 
teacher of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy," and that 
" Chemistry, Natural History, etc.," should "be assigned to 
such of the instructors as should be found best qualified, 
until separate teachers be appointed for each." 

Daniel B. Smith, in an essay read 10th month, 1832, 
which was adopted as an exposition of the sentiments of 
the Managers on the general subject of education, uses the 
following language : " In laying the foundation of a good 
education, those parts of the multifarious mass of liuman 
knowledge must be selected, the study of which is most 
strengthening to the faculties, and the application most use- 
ful in the affairs of life. These have been decided, by the 
experience of the most competent judges, to be the abstract 
and Natural Sciences and Language. . . . The value of 
the Natural Sciences as a means of improving the mind 
consists in the habits of observation, of discrimination, and 
of classification, which they cultivate. They counteract the 
tendency of pure Mathematics to abstract the mind from ex- 
ternal objects. Yet, as they relate only to these, their 
sphere must be admitted to be a subordinate one, for they 
may be successfully pursued without expanding or elevat- 
ing the moral taculties." The Managers' Report for 1834 
states that " instruction in Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, 
and the Natural History of the earth has thus far been im- 
parted wholly by lectures. " The Report of 1835 claims 
that " the institution possesses a numerous collection of ex- 
cellent and well-selected apparatus and works of science, 
including a handsome museum of Natural History." In 
1839 the Managers thus indicate their purpose: They 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 243 

" have long believed that . . . the acquisition of a taste 
for Natural History, and more especially for Botany, is of 
greater importance than those are apt to think who have 
not witnessed its effects in preserving the youthful mind 
from coarse and vicious pleasures, and imparting habits of 
close and accurate observation. They have, therefore, al- 
ways encouraged the cultivation of the flower-garden, in 
which each student has his own separate plot, and have wit- 
nessed with pleasure the interest which most of them take 
in it."' From the suspension of the school, which termi- 
nated in 1848, until 1852, little instruction was given in the 
natural sciences, except Natural Philosophy, which was as- 
sociated with Mathematics, and has probably always been 
well taught. But it will be seen that from the very outset 
their value has been recognized. About this time, how- 
ever, the management appears to have awakened to a. 
lively sense of deficiency : for that year's report laments the- 
defective condition of the chemical laboratory and appa- 
ratus, and, for the supply of this" urgent necessity," appeals 
to the " kind aid of the friends of education. " 

Up to this time the philosophical apparatus had been 
kept in the mathematical class-room and used by the in- 
structor in experiments before the class. The chemical ap- 
paratus was in a small room now used as a pantry, and all 
experiments were performed in that room, and the Natural 
History collections were in the collecting-room, now the 
dining-room. 

As a result of the consciousness of need, we learn from 
tlie Managers' Report for 1854, that " a large and beautiful 
lecture-room, with rooms adjoining for the philosophical 
and chemical apparatus, and a laboratory in the rear, have 
been finished. " Increased attention has been given to 



244 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Natural Science; and the new laboratory has greatly facili- 
tated the study of Chemistry." " Brief but instructive courses 
of lectures on . . . scientific subjects . . . have been 
delivered by the teachers in the respective departments." 

The addition referred to is the one now occupied by the 
Department of Chemistr3^ Since then, the arrangement of 
partitions lias been changed, doubling the size of the Chem- 
ical Laboratory at the expense of one lecture-room, and re- 
modelling the whole interior. But the students having, in 
1855, raised $300 for the erection of gymnastic apparatus in 
a portion of the " Play-House," the whole of the first story 
of the building was soon after substantially floored. The 
wash-room and six bath-tubs w^ere at this time placed under 
the lecture and class-rooms, and remained there until after 
the erection of Barclay Hall. The room previously used for 
a wash-room was fitted up for a class-room, and the whole 
improvement considerably increased the facilities for in- 
struction. These increased facilities and the growth of the 
natural sciences in popular favor made them from this date 
an important part of the course of study. The instruction 
in Chemistry during the early years of the school was by 
general lectures given by one of the teachers to the whole 
body of students, or at least the higher classes. About 
1840 the instruction became more systematic, first under 
Samuel J. Gummere, and then under Daniel B. Smith. 
When the school reopened, or soon after, one of the Smiley 
brothers was made teacher of English Literature and Chem- 
istry. He it was who fitted up a little laboratory in the 
addition north of the old collection-room, now used for a 
pantry. In 1853, as we have seen, the building, the second 
story of which is now used for the Department of Chem- 
istry, was completed. The structure was of stone, 25 by 96 




JOSEF>H O. HARIvAN. 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 245 

feet, two stories high. The interior of the first story was 
not finished until 1855. A room 25 feet square, at the 
north end of the second story, was devoted to the Chemical 
Laboratory, with rooms adjoining for storing chemicals and 
physical apparatus and for class-rooms. The new labora- 
tory and apparatus, and the enthusiasm of Dr. Paul Swift, 
gave new life to the study of Chemistry. To this fact the 
Managers' Report for 1855 refers as follows : " The Labo- 
ratory has furnished the required facilities for the study of 
Chemistry, and partly to this cause, but still more to the 
efficient and judicious instruction of the teacher, must be 
ascribed the interest in that and some other branches of Nat- 
ural Science." Simultaneously with the improvements to 
the gymnasium building, a laundry was attached to the 
ice-house, by extending it and elevating it so as to allow 
space for the processes of washing, drying and ironing, 
forming a structure parallel to the other, near the east end 
of Founders' Hall. 

If it be true that a college is what its faculty make it, 
Ilaverford had a high position guaranteed to it by the men 
who composed the Faculty of this period. 

Hugh D. Vail, who had long been the teacher of Math- 
ematics, was aided by Franklin E. Paige as an assistant 
teacher, from 2d month 4th, to 5th month 21st, 1853, 
when they both resigned and were succeeded by Joseph G. 
Harlan. F. E. Paige, since his graduation, had distinguished 
himself by writing an entirely new version of the Fifth Book 
of Euclid, while teaching at Providence Boarding-School, 
having also taken very " high honors " at Haverford. 

Joseph G. Harlan had been the teacher of higher Mathe- 
matics at Westtown School for several years, and came to 
Haverford well fitted for the duties of his new position. 



246 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

His finely-proportioned head and intellectual features were 
true outward indications of a mind of remarkable clear- 
ness, scope and precision, and it may be said that he had a 
genius for mathematical instruction. He had pursued his 
studies of the higher Mathematics without professional as- 
sistance, and perhaps, on this account, was the better able 
to conduct the students through their difficult problems. 
His bearing was gentle but dignified, his discipline in the 
class-room strict, and his intercourse with his pupils at 
other times was affable and kind. 

When the institution became a college, Joseph G. Harlan 
was made the " Principal." 

Dr. Paul Swift was a man of marked individuality. In 
his character many striking qualities were combined. In 
the memory of those who knew him he stands alone. In 
thought and action he was original and independent, and 
he worked in no groove but his own. To those who were 
earnest and faithful in their work he was always considerate, 
helpful and kind. To the negligent and the offender he 
was crushingly severe, and his quick temper sometimes led 
him to hurl upon them the most scathing epithets. But 
while this temper on rare occasions thus broke forth, it was 
usually kept under such mastery and was sweetened with 
such Christian grace that, as a whole, it gave a rare rich- 
ness to his character. His mind was bright and well fur- 
nished with a wide range of knowledge, his conversation 
was peculiarly interesting, and he was delightful as a com- 
panion. He was an intense lover of Nature, and he took 
keen delight in introducing his pupils to the charms of her 
mysteries. 

Thoroughness was the chief characteristic of his teaching. 
He often quoted to his class, " Little things are little things. 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 247 

but faithfulness in little things is something great." He 
had framed and hung where all could see it the motto in 
Latin from St. Augustine — '' Minimum minimum est, sed in 
minimo Jidelis esse magnum est.'' 

Dr. Swift's erect form, dignified bearing and gray hairs 
made him a conspicuous figure in any company and always 
commanded respect, while his features had a ready play of 
expression that unerringly indicated the humor of his 
mind. He was a native of Cape Cod, and in his early man- 
hood taught a school at Wheeling, Va. He studied medi- 
cine at the University of New York, and secured a large 
practice of his profession in Nantucket, Mass. He re- 
moved to Philadelphia, and, because of his interest in the 
subject of education, was made a member of the Haverford 
Board of Managers. Alfred H, and Albert K. Smiley hav- 
ing resigned their connection with Haverford in the sum- 
mer of 1853, Dr. Swift became teacher in the English de- 
partment in the autumn of that year. 

In his early life he had lived upon a farm, and always 
had a love for the cultivation of plants. While at Haver- 
ford he took a keen interest in the garden, or a portion of a 
field, where in the early morning hours he found health 
and pleasure in working the soil with his own hands. Cu- 
cumber vines were trained about the windows of his room, 
and upon his table a choice apple was kept under a bell- 
glass, so that he might watch its ripening and enjo}^ its 
fragrance. 

The Managers had become convinced, in 1853, that an en- 
tire change in the conduct in the classical department was 
essential to its fuller success, and they therefore endeavored 
to find a thoroughly-equipped teacher to take charge of 
it. Thomas Kimber, Jr., a graduate of the school, who, in 



248 HISTORY OP HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

many ways, had shown his deep interest in its welfare, and 
who fully appreciated the importance of the work in hand, 
at the request of a committee, repaired to Harvard and Yale 
with the hope of finding a person of superior attainments 
for teaching the Classics. Professor Lane, of Harvard, rec- 
ommended Thomas Chase. He pronounced him the finest 
and most thorough classical scholar that had graduated there 
in man}^ years, and he proved himself a most competent in- 
structor while serving as tutor of Latin in that college. 
But he was then studying in Germany, and would not re- 
turn for two years. The Managers decided to look about 
for a competent classical instructor who would serve for the 
intervening period. Thomas Kimber found such a person 
at New Haven, in William Augustus Reynolds, who had 
graduated with distinguished honors at Yale. Professor Rey- 
nolds began his service at Haverford in the autumn of 1853. 
The Secretary of the Board of Managers soon gave a writ- 
ten statement of the marked improvement in the classical 
department and of the pleasure he experienced in attend- 
ing the recitations in Professor Reynolds' class-room. He 
was a thorough instructor, illustrating the subject in hand 
by drawing from a rich acquaintance with classical litera- 
ture. His complete ignorance of the Society of Friends 
and its peculiarities often placed him in very awkward 
positions and caused much amusement to his scholars. 

Dr. Theodore D. Woolsey, then President of Yale Col- 
lege, gave the following testimony to Professor Reynolds' 
attainments : " Wm. A. Reynolds, Jr., held a rank in the class 
of 1852, to which he belonged, next to the highest scholar, 
and excelled in all the departments, mathematical and 
philosophical as well as classical ; " and James Hadle}^, the 
well-known professor of Greek, stated: "At graduation he 



GROWTH OP THE COLLEGE IDEA. 240 

received a place next to the foremost in his class, and very- 
little removed from the foremost. In the examination for 
the Woolsey Scholarship, near the close of the Freshman 
year, he was brought into competition with the best 
scholars of his class and came out first. He gained both 
the Berkeley and the Clark Scholarships in his Senior year. 
He excelled in all departments of study, but more decid- 
edly in the Greek and Latin Classics." 

It was indeed a fortunate beginning of better things when 
Haverford gained so accomplished an instructor as Professor 
Reynolds. He resigned his position in 9th month, 1855, 
and soon after opened a school in Philadelphia. Some 
years later he went to France, where he became a tutor in 
the family of M. Schneider, through whose influence he 
afterward received an appointment in the Government 
Department of Education, and has rapidly risen to dis- 
tinction, retaining his lucrative position through all the 
varied changes of administration. 

A new era dawned upon Haverford with the advent of 
Thomas Chase. It would be superfluous to speak of his 
high scholarship and varied attainments; the experience 
of the many students who have received his instruction, the 
testimony of many learned men, the evidence given by his 
editions of the Classics, and his services upon the Commit- 
tee on the Revision of the New Testament, combine to es- 
tablish these. Ex-President Woolsey, the Chairman of the 
American Committee on Revision, said that there was no 
more useful man connected with the work of that body. 
But Thomas Chase brought to Haverford much besides high 
scholarship and other attainments. He brought the college 
feeling and set up a lofty ideal. He planted a laudable ambi- 
tion for scholarly attainments. He imported a love for litera- 



250 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ture, and he gave to the students an esprit du corps that was 
before unknown. It is quite within bounds to say that very- 
much of Haverford's excellence in succeeding years may be 
traced back to the coming of Thomas Chase. The change 
was not alone in the class-room instruction. He wrote 
much for The Collegian; he lectured upon foreign travel 
and subjects before untouched, and he conversed with the 
students upon college themes and of distinguished men and 
their thoughts and ways, arousing a healthful imagination, 
and stimulating laudable ambitions. 

Besides those already mentioned, there were other addi- 
tions to the corps of teachers during this period. Dr. 
Joseph Thomas, the distinguished scholar, now nearly a 
quarter of a century older than when he first taught at the 
"School," gave instruction in Elocution for a short time; 
J. W. Aldrich continued to teach Mathematics; Professors 
Schell and Kern gave instruction in Drawing, and George 
Stuart became tutor in Classics. 

Nor must we omit to mention another, whose fatherly 
care was equivalent to that of a presiding officer over the 
institution. Charles Yarnall, the accomplished Christian 
gentleman who for many years served as Secretary of the 
Board of Managers, and who felt a keen interest in the wel- 
fare of Haverford and the advancement of its students, was 
a frequent visitor during this period to the class-rooms, 
where his fine scholarship sought to aid the professor in 
imparting the best instruction the subject required. For 
several years he lectured to the students, on First day after- 
noons, upon the Bible and Scripture topics and ancient 
worthies of the Church. 

The Board of Managers, in one of their attacks of 
economy, about this time assailed the dining-table, as 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 251 

the citadel of extravagant expenditure, with an amus- 
ing particularity. The Committee on Retrenchment re- 
ported that " the consumption of milk in the family is very 
great, there being placed on the table in the morning about 
fifteen quarts, and in the evening about twenty-five quarts, 
which is used as a beverage in addition to tea and coffee. 
Believing that the tea and coffee cannot be dispensed with, the 
committee recommend that the milk be omitted, thus mak- 
ing a saving in the expense of about |300 a year. They also 
suggest that one roast-beef dinner per week be dispensed 
with, substituting either corned beef or a round of beef 
stewed. This change would make a difference at present 
prices of about $100 per annum. The expenditures for des- 
sert and for syrup for the use of the table are considerable, and 
one which they think might be reduced." It was a natural 
result that, at a later period, complaints were made that 
the table was not what it ought to be at an institution of 
Haverford's standing; and it is very doubtful whether the 
measures proposed were really economical. Besides, such 
attacks frequently produce the impression that the manage- 
ment doubts the competency or the economy of the officers 
at the school, and lead to unrest and resignations. We do 
not know that there was any such imputation or influence 
at this time; but in the 5th month, 1853, Joseph Cartland 
resigned his position of Superintendent, and Elizabeth B. 
Hopkins that of Matron, in which position she had long 
served the school. They were succeeded by Jonathan and 
Margaret Richards — excellent persons and kindly — who 
again assumed the positions formerly held by them. 

For the material improvement of Haverford an impor- 
tant step was taken in 1853, when the Managers issued an 
address reviewing its past history, restating its aims, and 



252 



HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



mentioning a number of desired additions. The sum of 
$10,000 was subscribed by twenty friends of the school, of 
whom only Marmaduke C. Cope, Wistar Morris and Thomas 
Kimber are now (1800) living. 

With a persistent and unflagging liberality, which has 
always characterized some of Haverford's good friends, two 
of the subscribers to this fund were almost simultaneously 
securing another benefit to the institution, in tlie Astrono- 




THE OBSERVATORIES. 



mical Department. The importance of a near acquaintance 
with the heavenly bodies is sometimes undervalued ; for 
there is no department within the range of human knowl- 
edge more elevating, or which brings the mind nearer the 
infinite, and the infinite object of adoration and praise, 
than astronomy. It is therefore with peculiar pleasure that 
we record this act of generosity which, for one of the donors, 
was almost his final act in a career of great usefulness. 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 253 

In 1852 a movement had been begun for building and 
equipping an observatory. Thomas Kimber, Jr., guaran- 
teed $1,500 for the purchase of a telescope. The obser- 
vatory building was erected, and an equatorial telescope 
of 81 inches aperture and 11 feet focal length, with eye- 
pieces magnifying from 60 to 900 times, was ordered from 
Henry Fitz, of New York. It cost $1,950, and has proved 
itself an excellent instrument. A meridian circle, of the 
German form, made by William J. Young, of Philadelphia, 
was obtained. It has a good telescope of four inches aper- 
ture and five feet focus, with a circle at each end of the axis 
26 inches in diameter, one reading by four verniers to two 
seconds of arc, the other used simply as a finder. For a 
considerable time the telescope was one of the largest in 
this country. 

A very superior Siderial clock, costing $400, was the gift 
of Thomas P. Cope, of Philadelphia ; and Thomas Kimber, 
Jr., supplied Bonds' spring governor, necessary for recording 
the time of observations. 

Thus furnished, the observatory has done excellent ser- 
vice in the line for which it was intended, which was to 
give the advanced classes every facility for the understand- 
ing and use of astronomical instruments. Besides this, 
much excellent professional work has been done. Of gen- 
eral interest was the determination of the longitude of the 
observatory as 5 h. 1 m. 12.75 southwest of Greenwich, and the 
latitude 40°-0'-36.5" N., which has recently been verified. 

The latitude was calculated both from original observa- 
tions and from points established by the United States 
Coast Survey. It gave all those engaged in the work no small 
satisfaction to find that the latitude as determined by Pro- 
fessor John Gummere, years before, in the little old wooden 



254 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

observatory now used as a carpenter shop, with small and 
inferior instruments, required a correction so slight as to be 
almost infinitesimal. 

Students engaged in measuring a line from this obser- 
vatory to that of the High School in Philadelphia were 
stopped by an old man and his wife, who refused to allow 
them to cross their field, as they feared the railroad might 
be coming. A triangulation was therefore made around 
the stern defenders of their rights, and the distance was cal- 
culated more accurately than it could have been measured. 

Either from fear of accident by explosions or of injury 
to the sight of the students, the Managers about this time 
became anxious as to the use of camphene, and decided 
to erect gasworks for the manufacture of rosin-gas. It can- 
not be said to have proved a success either in point of econ- 
omy or of illumination, and in a few years the works were 
abandoned. This result was precipitated by the war of the 
rebellion, which cut off the sources of supply of rosin in 
North Carolina ; but it was also found difficult to secure a 
steady light for the purpose of study, and the new illumi- 
nator was more of a danger than benefit to the eyes of the 
students. Meanwhile, it was a rather costly experiment. 
A stone building, with iron rafters and slate roof, and a gas- 
holder or tank of 14 feet diameter and 11 feet rise, were 
erected in the edge of the wood, about 350 feet northwest 
of the school building, in the direction of President Sharp- 
less' present house, at the total cost of over §3,100. Gas 
was introduced in the 11th month, 1852; was reported to 
give a steady light at first, was carried to the observatory 
and all the outbuildings, and " we believe," the Managers 
say, " with attention to the management of the works, will 
be an economical light." Alas, for human vibrations ! 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 255 

And, apropos, another instance of the fluctuating impolicy 
occurred, when, in 9th month, 1854, " it was, after much 
consideration, agreed to establish an Academical Depart- 
ment, under the care of a teacher of experience and ability, 
in which the elementary studies may be pursued, etc.;" and 
this, just before the advent of Thomas Chase, who ap- 
peared on the scene in 1855, when the flood-tide of college 
ideas set in, and again swept away elementary instruction 
from within the college walls. 

And here we grieve to chronicle the loss of a prominent 
actor on the scene from the opening of the school till near 
the time of his death, on the 22d of 11th month, 1854, one to 
whom we have frequently had occasion to refer in these pages. 
Thomas P. Cope, the elder, was born 8th month 26th, 1768, 
in Lancaster County, and was, therefore, over 86 years old 
at the time of his decease, and 62 at the founding of the 
school. He had been a notable man throughout this long 
life, of strongly marked individuality ; such a man as not 
only makes his impress on his own generation, but upon 
those succeeding. At 22 years of age he removed to 
Philadelphia, and began business there on the corner of 
Second Street and Pewter Platter Alley, opposite Christ 
Church, being first in the employ of John Head, whom he 
succeeded. During the yellow fever epidemic, which re- 
curred from 1793 to 1798, he remained at his post when 
many people fled from the city; and in 1797, when " scarce 
any of the proper officials remained to protect and provide 
for the suffering poor," the Board of Overseers accepted 
his " generous offer to serve as Overseer of the Poor." He 
was attacked with the disease himself, but, having a strong 
constitution and temperate habits, recovered. He built 
his first ship in 1807 — Philadelphia was then the commer- 



256 PIISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

cial metropolis of America — and in 1821 founded the well- 
known line of Cope's packet-ships. The competitor of 
Stephen Girard during his life, he became one of his execu- 
tors when he died. He was conspicuous in securing a 
water supply for the growing city, surmounting great ob- 
stacles with indomitable perseverance and energy, as a 
member of City Councils ; was also elected to the State 
Legislature, and offered, but declined, a seat in Congress ; 
and was prominent as founder or active manager of the 
Mercantile Library, Board of Trade, House of Refuge, and 
Pennsylvania Hospital, being a citizen of great public 
spirit and benevolence. At the time of the Irish famine, he 
labored assiduously to relieve the distress in that country. 
The city of Philadelphia has recognized his representa- 
tive character as one of her greatest merchants by carving 
his face in the frieze of the Conversation Hall, between the 
two Council chambers, in the new City Hall. We have seen 
how great and how intelligent was the interest he took in 
our school. For a few years prior to his death he had been 
withdrawn from the activities of life, but his works out- 
lived him, and his mantle of usefulness rested on worthy 
children and grandchildren. 

To return to our story: West of Founders' Hall had long 
stood the greenhouse, heated by old-fashioned flues, and con- 
taining, besides an ordinary collection of stove plants, a re- 
markably large agave, and some exceptionally fine acacias. 
The house, with its contents, was destroyed by fire on an ex- 
tremely cold night in the 3d month, 1855, and has never 
since been rebuilt. The fire was said to have originated 
from some of the boys playing cards in the greenhouse ; 
but this may be a slander, for the minute of the Managers 
says, " believed to have been communicated from one of 



GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 257 

the flues." Its maintenance had been discontinued by- 
minute of the Board, in 9th month, 1851, presumably on 
account of the expense, as this was during the sessions of 
the Retrenchment Committee. Probably no other home 
had been found for the plants, and they therefore remained 
in a neglected condition. The ruined archway still stands, 
a reminder of the horticultural days of the school to those 
who know its meaning. The fire frightened the Managers 
into active measures of insurance and protection of the 
main building against danger, by roofing the piazza with 
fire-proof material, and "providing permanent means of 
conveying water to every part of each story." At the same 
meeting a shed was ordered " near the landing," to protect 
" persons connected with the institution " waiting for the 
cars. This constituted the railway station of that day. 

For a number of years there had been a steady progress 
in Haverford's ability to do good college work and in the 
results she had accomplished. The materials for work 
had been improved, the instructors were equal to the facul- 
ties of many colleges, and the students received a thorough 
training in a full college course. The Managers realized 
that greater good might be accomplished by broadening 
the institution's character, and on 2d month 1st, 1856, they 
concluded to petition the Legislature of the State for the 
privilege of granting such degrees in literature and the 
arts as are granted by other collegiate institutions. The 
petition was favorably entertained, and the desired au- 
thority was promptly granted. On 6th month 6th, the insti- 
tution took the initial step toward becoming Haverford 
College, and a new form of diploma was ordered by the 
Managers. Before the end of the year an elaborate code of 
rules was adopted for the government of the Faculty, on 



258 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

admissions and matriculations, on courses of study, on ex- 
aminations, on degrees and commencements and on terms 
and vacations. One of the rules provided that graduates 
of Haverford School who received their diploma before the 
incorporation of the college could take the degree of B.A. 
on complying with the conditions prescribed. Haverford 
then entered upon a fresli career of usefulness, in which 
she has since made most creditable advancement and has 
gained an enviable reputation. 

A wise modification was enacted this year in the rule on 
dress, which was made to read thus : " The students are 
expected to appear in the plain and simple style of dress 
usual among Friends, and any clothes differing from this 
standard, it is expected, will be altered or laid aside." The 
new rule was milder in form and free from the circum- 
stantial tone of the former rule. 

In one important department of work the students of 
this period conducted their own training almost entirely. 
But little attention was given to literary instruction, in 
the way of composition, by the professors, and none at all 
to elocution. The Loganian Society gave opportunities 
for exercise and training in these fields, for such as chose 
to avail themselves of them. The Collegian continued to 
be issued monthly, in manuscript, under the supervision of 
editors chosen by a vote of the Society, and contained such 
essays and poems as were furnished for it. Many of these 
showed much merit. The Loganian's greatest interest was 
in its debates. Questions of almost every conceivable 
character were discussed, not unfrequently with ability. 
Samuel Bettle, 3d, of Philadelphia, Cyrus Mendenhall, of 
Indiana, and Samuel T. Satterthwaite, of New Jersey, were 
usually the leaders of these debates. The first was polished 



. GROWTH OF THE COLLEGE IDEA. 259 

in manner, exhaustive in his research, and clear and 
straightforward in his logic ; the second had marked ability 
of, perhaps, a stronger type and run in a rougher mould ; 
while the last had a quickness of perception, a drollery of 
statement, and a sort of many-sidedness of genius, that 
made him very effective in any discussion. It was a re- 
markable circumstance that all three of these young men 
died not long after their graduation. 

The Henry Society was a literary organization of limited 
numbers and exclusive character, which flourished at this 
period. 

The games were football of the good old-fashioned 
type, in which the ball was kicked and not carried (and 
in this Cyrus Mendenhall, huge in frame and strength, 
and James M. Walton, erst known as " Mouse," lithe and 
fleet, were the champions); town-ball, played to a limited 
extent, and various contests in jumping and trials of 
strength and skill. Cricket was reintroduced during this 
period through the agency of an Englishman who taught 
in Dr. Lyons's school, across the railroad, and who occa- 
sionally came into the Haverford grounds to give the boys 
instruction. The Dorian Cricket Club was then organized. 
In winter much attention was given to skating. All the 
ponds in the neighborhood were used, and on Seventh day 
afternoons many walked to the Schuylkill to study the 
methods of the best city experts, and sometimes to try a 
test of skill with them. A number of Haverford boys were 
very proficient ; best of all was 

Wondrous Parrish, lithe of limb, 
Our own graceful, agile Jim. 

During this period the custom obtained of giving every 
boy a nickname, by which he was generally called and 



260 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

known. These were sometimes given from some fancied 
resemblance, but often without either rhyme or reason, and 
the}^ were the strangest lot of names ever responded to. 
Now, in mature life, many a former boy is remembered 
under his odd and senseless title, while his real name 
is completely forgotten. "Skeesics" and "Cameo" and 
"Bucky" are remembered in their distinct personalities, 
but to recall their true names we must now seek the cata- 
logues of the time. As we find them we come to know, by 
inquiry, how scattered they are throughout the earth, and 
how varied are their occupations and situations. 



CHAPTER X. 
BECOMES A COLLEGE, 1856-60. 

Thus piety and art combine 

To build the fane of higher learning; 

And God will add His grace divine, 

Betwixt the false and true discerning. — C. E. Pratt. 

In the following year (1856) occurred an event which has 
probably exercised as much influence on the destinies of 
Haverford as any in her history. This was the formation 
of the Alumni Association. No class of men are more 
likely to take an interest in the fortunes of a college than 
those who have spent four of the most happy and buoyant 
years of their life within its walls as students. We have 
already seen how, in her darkest days, when her doors were 
closed and the experiment abandoned for a time in despair, 
her sons came to the rescue, and, by raising a handsome fund 
for her endowment, laid the foundations for an enduring 
prosperity, and testified to the world how underneath the 
sometimes excessive caution of age, lay the vigor of a youth 
which she herself had sent forth. Serrill, in his ''Haverford 
Revived," has drawn an exquisite picture of the ardor and 
buoyancy with which the old students set their hands to 
this work. 

The formation of the Alumni Association came about in 
this wise. The class of 1851, at a meeting soon after their 
graduation, at the house of one of their number, signed the 
following agreement: "We, the undersigned, Haverford 

(261) 



262 HISTORY OF PIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

graduates of 1851, hereby agree, Deo volente, to meet at 
Ilaverford School the Seventh day preceding the end of the 
summer session of 1856. 

Ninth month, 1851. 

Frank E. Paige, Richard Wood, 

Thomas J. Levick, Philip C. Garrett, 

James Carey Thomas, Zaccheus Test, 

Joseph: L. Bailey." 

They then scattered to their several ways in the world. 
It happened that the lot of two of them lay together among 
the dry-goods boxes of Market Street, and before the class 
meeting of 1856 one of these suggested, and the other 
approved, the scheme of making this the occasion for pro- 
posing an association of the alumni. The meeting was held 
Ninth month 6th, 1856, and to it were invited at the college 
a large number of their friends and the former students. 
Addresses were delivered by Richard Wood, of Philadelphia, 
who presided ; Franklin E. Paige, of Weare, N. H. ; Dr. 
James Carey Thomas, of Baltimore, and Philip C. Garrett, 
of Philadelphia. The latter then offered the following 
resolution : 

"Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the 
chairman of this meeting to amass information with regard 
to the conduct of alumni societies, to construct a consti- 
tution, to issue a call for a meeting to be held at such time 
as they may deem fit, and to make a full report at that 
meeting." 

The resolution was seconded by Dr. Thomas, and sup- 
ported by Dr. Henry Hartshorne, of the class of '40; Dr. 
James J. Levick, of the class of '42, and Charles. Yarnall, 
the veteran Secretary of the Board of Managers, who was 
present; and it was unanimously adopted. The chairman 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 263 

appointed as the committee Philip C. Garrett, Dr. Henry 
Hartshorne, Dr. James J. Levick, Isaac S. Serrill and David 
Scull, Jr. 

As this marks an important epoch in our history, we may 
be pardoned for enlarging somewhat, and introducing here 
some extracts from the speech of the chairman, because they 
illustrate, in a felicitous way, what we have already said of 
the devotion to a college of its alumni, and the value of 
their support. 

" In the name of each one of you," he says, " I greet and 
welcome — yes, heartily and cordially welcome — each and 
all of you to this honored place. In any spot of the wide 
earth such a meeting as this would have been happy and 
delightful, but in this place it is doubly endeared by the 
memories that surround it. . . . The object of the 
meeting is to celebrate the graduation of those who, dur- 
ing the year 1851, constituted the Senior Class of Haver- 
ford School. And yet, in making this announcement, I 
cannot feel that full justice has been done to the purposes 
and intentions of the meeting, or to the spirit which origi- 
nated it. I hold that our meeting has a higher and a better 
purpose than that of mere celebration. Gentlemen — for I 
appeal to you — five years have rolled by since we received 
the diploma of the college; and surely we do not come back 
now, after such a lapse of time, only to indulge in boyish 
exultations. No, my friends, we are not here to feed our 
vanities ; we do not come to boast our poor accomplishments. 
But having been drawn for several years into the closest 
relation in which it is possible to place men, and having 
been placed in this relation at a period when our faculties 
were expanding, we were conscious of possessing thoughts, 
feelings and principles in common, and acknowledged the 
desire to re-compare these thoughts, feelings and principles. 



264 HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

after trial bad been made of tbem in tbe scbool of real and 
active life. Here, tben, is anotber object of our meeting. 

"We supposed also tbat sucb an occasion and reunion 
as tbe present would serve to recall to our mutual recollec- 
tion tbose little sbades of person and cbaracter wbicb con- 
stitute wbat are called a man's peculiarities. Once, as witb 
all scbool-boys, we were perfectly familiar witb even tbe 
pbysical mannerisms and customary attitudes of one an- 
otber. Nor do I believe tbat we bave yet entirely forgotten 
the degree of eagerness witb wbicb one kicked tbe football 
on tbe lawn, or tbe dexterity witb wbicb anotber sbot at 
marbles on tbe sidewalk. We may still remember, eacb in 
tbe otber, our peculiar modes of speecb and of tbougbt, tbe 
forms and fasbions of our dreams, and even tbe proportions 
of tbose airy structures tbat youtb is ever building up and 
age forever tearing down. 

" Tbe remembrance of sucb little personal traits as tbese 
lends a livelier cbarm and a sbarper zest to friendsbip, and 
makes it sparkle and effervesce witb tbe rigbt true spirit of 
good-fellowsbip. 

" How do sucb recollections crowd upon us in tbis place, 
and bow sbould tbey re-polisb and re-tigbten tbe cbain of 
amity tbat binds us ! In tbis place, I say, wbere cbamber 
and ball, and book and tree, and wooded lawn and grassy 
mead are alive witb memories of one anotber. 

" We are bere, tben, tbat old associations may recall old 
memories, tbat old memories may renew old friendsbips, 
and tbat, by tbe renewal of old friendsbips, our natures may 
bestrengtbened and purified. For I take it tbat tbe Scottish 
poet batb it truly wben be says : 

' The social, friendly, honest man, 
Whate'er he be, 
'Tis he fulfils great Nature's plan, 
And only he.' 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 265 

"We do not come, I repeat, with exultation and with boast- 
ing ; we come to peer into the future and to revel in the past. 
We are here that old 

Time may run back 

And fetch the Age of Gold. 

" The purpose of our meeting, therefore, is not merely to 
celebrate what was a happy and an important occurrence to 
ourselves, but that we, and all of you, our friends, may re- 
strengthen the ties that attach us to Haverford, and, through 
Haverford, to one another." 

The association was fairly launched on the 22d of 11th 
month in the same year, when the alumni were called to- 
gether at the hall of the College of Pharmacy, on Zane Street 
(now Filbert) above Seventh, Philadelphia, to receive the 
report of the committee. About twenty-five graduates re- 
sponded to this call. Dr. Thomas F. Cock, of New York, pre- 
siding. Philip C. Garrett, as chairman of the committee, 
read a draft of a Constitution and By-Laws, which had been 
prepared by them, and also made a full report of their labors. 
An omission in the report was supplied by Dr. Hartshorne, 
who stated that it was to the class of 1851, and to the chair- 
man of the committee in particular, that the friends of 
Haverford are indebted for the pleasant prospect of these 
annual reunions. After some alterations and amendments, 
the proposed plan of organization was adopted, and the fol- 
lowing officers were chosen : President, Dr. Thomas F. Cock ; 
Vice-Presidents, Lloyd P. Smith, Charles L. Sharpless and 
William S. Hilles; Secretary, Robert Bowne; Treasure!-, 
Edmund A. Crenshaw ; Executive Committee, Philip C. Gar- 
rett, Dr. .James J. Levick, Dr. Henry Hartshorne, Henry H. 
G. Sharpless, Richard Wood, David Scull, Jr., and William 
S. Hilles. Dr. Cock, the first graduate of the school, was 



200 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

selected also to deliver the address at the public meeting 
which was to be held in the summer of the following year. 
A committee was appointed to confer with the Managers, in 
relation to granting full Baccalaureate degrees to such of the 
present graduates as had received their diplomas before the 
passage of the act incorporating Haverford College. 

The first regular meeting of the Association was held at 
the college, in the old collection-room, on the 28th of 7th 
month ensuing. A committee was appointed to take into 
consideration the propriety of offering an alumni prize for 
the best essay written by undergraduates. This committee 
consisted of Philip C. Garrett, Robert Pearsall Smith and 
Richard Wood, whose report the next year was adopted, 
appropriating $45 to be awarded biennially for prize essays, 
$30 to be competed for by members of the Alumni Associa- 
tion, and $15 by members of the Senior and Junior Classes. 
The subjects of the essays were to be duly announced by 
the Prize Committee, and a full set of rules was adopted for 
the guidance of competitors. 

Another proof of the healthy life of the young organiza- 
tion was given at the first meeting, by the appointment of a 
committee to confer with the Managers, "on the expediency 
of erecting upon these grounds an edifice suitable for hold- 
ing the private and public meetings of the alumni," and 
if encouragement was given, to submit a plan for such a 
building, together with a method by which a fund sufficient 
for its erection can be accumulated. This committee, which 
consisted of Richard Wood, Henry Hartshorne, and James 
Whitall, also reported at the meeting in 1858. They had in 
the meanwhile conferred with the Managers, who had favor- 
ably received their proposition, recording that " the pro- 
posal of the alumni was gratifying to the Board as another 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 267 

evidence of the continued interest whicli is felt by its former 
students," and suggesting that a portion of the hall be used 
to accommodate the library of the college, which was begin- 
ning to tax the limits of the old room in the second story 
of Founders' Hall. The committee, therefore, recommended 
to the alumni the creation of a Board of Trustees, duly 
authorized to collect subscriptions for the erection of such a 
hall, and to proceed to act, in conjunction with a committee 
of the Board of Managers, and defining the uses of said hall. 
Richard Wood, John S. Hilles, Dr. James Carey Thomas, 
Charles L. Sharpless and Philip C. Garrett were accordingly 
appointed Trustees, and found that plenty of work lay 
before them. 

Although we are anticipating a little, we shall briefly 
refer to the next few meetings of the alumni before we pass 
from the subject, to show what a healthy and vigorous addi- 
tion had here been created to the stimulating forces impelling 
the college life. An increased number gathered in 1859. In 
view of the promised erection of a new library building on 
the lawn, in connection with Alumni Hall, and the need felt 
for an increased library collection, such as would meet the re- 
quirements of a first-class college, they now^ appointed Lloyd 
P. Smith, Francis T. King, Charles Taber, Philip C. Garrett, 
and Thomas Kimber, Jr., Trustees of a Library Fund, to 
take charge of raising such a fund, to invest the same, and 
to expend the income in the purchase of such books as are 
desired by the college authorities to increase the efficiency 
of the library. The Hall Committee reported progress in 
obtaining subscriptions. The following preamble and 
resolution evinced the deep interest of the alumni in their 
Alma Mater: 

" This Association being conscious of the benefits to be 



268 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

derived from the course of careful and liberal study pre- 
scribed at Haverford College, and feeling the importance 
of using all efforts to extend these benefits throughout the 
limits of the Religious Society of Friends in this country : 
therefore, 

"Resolved, That our members be and hereby are requested 
to use such exertions as their inclinations may prompt to 
secure to the institution a more liberal patronage from mem- 
bers of the Society of Friends in their respective neighbor- 
hoods." . 

We shall have further occasion to refer to this active interest 
hereafter. The next two years were not very eventful in the 
annals of the alumni. The Library Fund grew very slowh'. 
The Building Fund received steady accessions. The views 
of the Trustees were at first modest, contemplating an expen- 
diture of some $2,000 only, but they grew and grew, until the 
result was the present not unsightly Hall, which has echoed 
the voices of many distinguished men, and has harbored 
a growing library daring its steady increase from small 
beginnings until it has attained the respectable dimensions 
of 25,000 volumes; of which more anon. But this was the 
work of years. 

From about the year 1856 a considerable modification 
is perceptible in the treatment of students, in the direction 
of relaxing the severity of rules. Evidently the eftbrts 
to completely transmute the school into the college were 
slowly but surely surmounting opposition. Extremely 
gradual as the process was, and repugnant to the ideas of 
the older Managers, change followed change, for years, after 
the advent of Thomas Chase fresh from Harvard ; some- 
times these were trivial in their character, sometimes preg- 
nant with meaning and importance, but alwaj's in the 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 269 

direction of college usages. The Principal ultimately became 
the President, the Second Junior the Sophomore, the Coun- 
cil the Faculty ; hazing and cremation crept in ; honorary 
degrees were conferred ; modifications were made in the 
methods of examination, and all the rest. But the most 
significant and the most valuable of all, was this abandon- 
ment of the ancient relation of antagonism between professor 
and student, and of the suspicion and espionage appropriate 
to the Birchen Age and the grade of a rural primary. 

Slow and reluctant was the change, and later years than 
those of which we are now treating witness the fondness and 
tenacity with which those peaceful " men of war," who had 
fought the Arians in 18.27, clung to the " phylacteries "which 
to them seemed the one potent symbol of the " guarded educa- 
tion of youth." We shall see an impressive instance of this 
two years later. Enough will it be now to call the reader's 
attention to the splitting chrysalis. It was in this year that the 
vacation was changed to summer, from spring and autumn, 
and that the Council — it was still called Council, and we like 
the individuality of the Haverford name — urged upon the 
Managers an increase in the length of vacations to twelve 
weeks. It was in the autumn of the same year that the first 
commencement was held, and that saintly man, Joseph G. 
Harlan, was appointed Principal, alas, for how brief a term ! 
of the budding college. 

In the following winter the decree w^ent forth extending 
the length of vacations to eleven weeks (twelve was too sud- 
den) — two after the winter term and nine after the summer. 
In the spring of 1857 public exercises at the end of the 
Junior year were inaugurated, the first one being held on 
the 9th day of the 4th month, at the hour of half-past nine 
in the morning, when few could come from afar. 



270 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The new Principal, on the 24th of 10th month, in the 
same 3^ear, at a meeting of the Council, " dwelt, in some 
feeling remarks, on the value of a verbatim knowledge of 
the Scriptures, and recommended the formation of classes 
to recite on Fifth day mornings." This plan seems to 
have been heartily entered into by the rest of the Council, 
and provision was made for such instruction, the work being 
divided among the different teachers. The minute adds : 
" Scripture recitations on the first day of the week are to be 
discontinued, as open to the objection of making that day a 
day of tasks instead of rest." Within one month from that 
time this excellent preceptor had ceased from his labors, and 
his sanctified spirit had been summoned to its everlasting 
repose. It was on the 20th of the following month that a 
solemn meeting of the Managers and Faculty was recorded, 
when Charles Yarnall feelingly alluded to the eminent 
usefulness and Christian virtues of our departed friend 
Joseph G. Harlan. Managers, Faculty and Students, alike 
felt his loss, for there was a sweet gravity as w^ell as a kind 
and gentle manliness in his character that commanded at 
once love and respect. 

Earl}^ in the winter the Faculty adopted the following 
minute in memoriam : " Seldom can there be found, in one 
person, so rare a combination of qualities fitting him for 
usefulness as a teacher and governor of youth, as that with 
which our departed friend was endowed. To a clear and 
vigorous intellect, and distinguished intellectual attain- 
ments, he added eminent facility in imparting knowledge 
and the power of enchaining the attention and exciting 
the diligence of his pupils. Dignified without repulsive- 
ness, and strictly without unkindness, he was, to those 
under his charge, at the same time a judicious governor and 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 271 

a sympathizing friend. Faithful in rebuking the vicious 
and warning tlie weak and wavering, he was ever ready to 
encourage tlie timid, and assist those disposed to strive 
earnestly for improvement. His genial and affectionate 
disposition gave a charm to his intercourse with those under 
his charge, from w^hom he gained, in a singular degree, their 
respect and love, as well as their obedience. 

"As a member of the Faculty and head of the institu- 



HAVERFORD BURIAL GROUND 
(Resting Place of Principal Harlan and President Gummere). 

tion, he was courteous to his associates, and considerate 
of their opinions, and ever anxious that all the measures 
adopted in the government of the college should be such as 
would promote its highest and best interests. To those in- 
terests he devoted his time, his strength, his talents ; to them 
he was always willing to sacrifice his own private conven- 
ience, and he has left behind him, for our imitation, a 
bright example of unselfish devotion to duty. 

" We cannot refrain from paying a tribute to the Christian 



272 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

faith and Christian virtues by which he was distinguished. 
This was the mainspring of his character, the secret of 
his strength, his fidelity, his eminent usefuhiess, and his 
potent influence. In the deep and solemn impression which 
his death has made on the whole college, we recognize the 
might of a noble character and pure example." 

The Managers, by a minute of the Board, added their 
testimony to the value of his character and the extent of 
the college's loss b}^ his untimely death, but the memorial 
of the Faculty may suffice. Such was the man who may 
be regarded as the college's first President. He was the cor- 
ner-stone ; and it is of such stones — not the hewn blocks of 
mineral — that enduring colleges are built. 

Six days before Principal Harlan's death occurs this 
minute: "The subject of the dress worn bv our students 
was introduced, and after some time spent in the consider- 
ation of the subject, the Managers agreed to refer to the fol- 
lowing Friends the consideration of the best means of 
maintaining the Testimony of our Religious Society to 
simplicity, and the avoidance of every form of extravagance 
and needless expenditure in conformity to the varying 
fashions of the day." Seven of the most solid and weighty 
members were named as the committee. Their deliberations 
eventuated in a report, made on the 5th of the 2d month 
ensuing, submitting an address on the subject " To Parents 
and Students." The address was lengthy, and drew a vivid 
picture of the demoralizing effects of deviation from sim- 
[)licity. It would prove " the fruitful source of speculation, 
of excessive extension of business, and that vicious pursuit 
of gain which has become a characteristic of our time, pro- 
mote corruption and breaches of trust, infuse a spirit of jeal- 
ousy and rivalry into social circles, lessen the appreciation 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 273 

of true refinement, and of intellectual culture, and break up 
the peace of families." We quote their exact language. In 
order to prevent these results, the address concludes by- 
submitting the following rule : " The students are to wear 
the usual plain coats, roundabouts, or frock-coats, single- 
breasted, and with standing or plain rolling-collars, without 
lapels ; vests to be single-breasted." 

A month later, the Committee on Property recommended 
to the Board that the renting of the farm be discontinued, 
and that the Association should work the farm itself, 
" through the agency of some well-qualified Friend, whose 
weight of character and religious experience might mate- 
rially aid the Board in conducting the general concerns of 
the institution." About six months thereafter, Isaac Craft, 
a very worthy and excellent Friend, whose estimable wife 
was " Master " Hugh D. Vail's sister, was selected as farmer, 
on a salary, the Managers stocking the farm. The cottage 
in the Grove, afterward occupied by Pliny Earle Chase, 
President Gummere and Professor Thomas, was erected at 
this time for the use of Timothy Nicholson, 

Outside of the activities of the newly-formed Alumni 
Association, little of moment occurred in the next few 
years. The shadow of the great Civil War was covering 
all minds with its penumbra ; but the college was devel- 
oping. Worcester's big quarto defines a hobbledehoy as 
" a stripling having an awkward gait; a lad between fourteen 
and twenty-one; a stripling, neither man nor boy;" and,' 
mutato nomine, this description might well be applied to 
Haverford in the transition period from school to college. 
The name of " school " had indeed given place to the more 
distinguished designation; but the stripling undoubtedly 
walked with an awkward gait, and the pretentious college 
i<s 



274 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

garb hung loosely on the overgrown limbs of the ambitious 
school. The obnoxious rules, to which every student was re- 
quired to give his adherence in writing before he could enter 
on his collegiate career, were decidedly " blue laws," and were 
evident relics of boarding-school days, and provoked hostility 
by their often unnecessary strictness. Plainness of speech and 
of dress was commanded in these Draconian edicts, but their 
enforcement was now hardly attempted by the college 
authorities. The long-established censorship of the press 
was still in vogue, and the " rules " continued to decree that 
no books or periodicals were to be received by the students 
until they had been first submitted to and received the ap- 
proval of the Faculty; and with the exception of The [square] 
Friend and The Friends^ Review, single copies of The German- 
toivn Telegraph and the Philadelphia North American were the 
only newspapers which graced the parlor table ; but the 
wiser heads of the Faculty soon saw that this small amount 
of mental pabulum was not sufficient for the exciting times 
which immediately preceded the Civil War, and this rule was 
" more honored in the breach than in the observance." Be- 
sides, was there not the Cabinet Post-office at the classic town 
of Athensville, through which forbidden literature might 
flow at will and no questions asked, while the regular post- 
office at Henderson's store was, in some respects, under college 
surveillance ? The established bound beyond which no one 
could pass without the express permission of the Superinten- 
dent was, we are afraid, binding only on the conscientious 
student, while the forbidden haunts of " Mike's" and White 
Hall w^ere, alas ! but too well known to very many of them. 
The curfew still tolled at a quarter to nine o'clock for the even- 
ing collection, and the early hours for retiring would have 
excited a smile upon the saturnine face of the grim old con- 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 275 

queror himself. Weekly reports of the standing of the stu- 
dents were sent directly to their parents, who often wrote 
back to the unsuspecting student to know what certain marks 
for " Behavior " could possibly mean. The Academical De- 
partment — that revived and re-revived remnant of prehis- 
toric ages — was still maintained, though each year its extinc- 
tion was promised, and, " worst of all to spirits proud," the 
lower classes immediately above it were officially designated 
" Second " and " Third Juniors " respectively, despite the 
vigorous protest of the collegians who wished to be in name 
what they claimed to be in reality — full-fledged " Soph- 
omores " and " Freshmen." Hobbledehoyhood is seldom 
an age of content, and, if the truth were told, it must be con- 
fessed that in the years we are now chronicling there was 
not that spirit of peace and harmony which should have 
hovered over the sacred groves of Academe. 

The students were as manly, truthful and unselfish a set 
as ever filed down the narrow stairway which led to the long 
dining-room in the basement ; but in the managerial eyes 
they were a discontented set of unruly boys, who were inca- 
pable of appreciating the advantages of a guarded, liberal 
education. And now after the lapse of thirty years we can 
see that these differences and contentions were but the grow- 
ing pains necessary to the transition of Haverford from its 
boyhood as a school to its noble manhood of the present 
day. In the misty ages of mythology Minerva sprang into 
being from Jove's forehead, with all her faculties matured 
and developed, avoiding the earlier stages of maiden- 
hood ; but the modern university does not attain its full 
growth in an instant of time, and life is a constant struggle 
upward and onward. Whatever we thought then, we recog- 
nize now that the Managers were noble-hearted, liberal men. 



276 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

full of enthusiasm for the sacred cause of education, within 
the limitations of that religious faith which they had re- 
ceived from their fathers. Some of them, notably the Secre- 
tary of the Board, were scholarly in their tastes, and would 
have been eminent in the broader walks of science and liter- 
ature, had they not been actively engaged in business pur- 
suits. Unfortunately, however, there were in the Board at 
that time but two Managers who were graduates of Haver- 
ford, or, in fact, of any college, and, consequently, the Board 
could not and did not have that thorough sympathy with 
the needs and aspirations of college students which only an 
alumnus can feel. 

But what if their views were somewhat narrow and the 
Blue Laws unnecessarily restrictive, can we now honestly say 
that the " seclusion-but-not-exclusion " policy, as one of the 
Managers phrased it in a public address to the students, was 
altogether wrong ? Some of us at least are now thankful 
that in our green and " salad " days we were, against our will, 
preserved from the temptations which the proximity to a large 
city ever throws in the way of the unsuspicious. If the col- 
lection hours were unreasonably early, has not the students' 
general health been the gainer thereby ? If the}'' were con- 
fined to the limitations of the college grounds, was not the 
cricket field the better patronized, and did not Haverford 
in those halcyon days boast of two flourishing clubs, the 
" Dorian " and the " United," each able to put two elevens in 
the field with surplus material for umpires, scorers and camp 
followers to boot — and this at a minimum of expense which 
would be truly astonishing nowadays ? And though round- 
arm bowling was unknown, and the "long-on " and "mid- 
wicket" were prominent in the manner of placing the 
fielders, it is well for the credit of the later college elevens 



BECOMES A COLLEGE, 277 

that the stiffening effects of thirty added years and the 
engrossing pursuit of business effectually prevent our 
doughty champions of that day from meeting them even 
now. 

If their meals were not fashioned after the feasts of Lucul- 
lus and the menu not elaborate, the " shanghai " and bread- 
and-butter were not provocative of dyspepsia — though the 
last-named article sometimes was the cause of pretty strong 
expressions (of opinion). And were ever green-apple pies 
as delicious as those with which Elizabeth Hopkins on the 
occasion of Managers' visits and other rare events regaled 
them? These pies were of liberal dimensions, and were 
always cut into quarters by the Superintendent, who sat at 
the head of the table, so that the students had small reason 
to complain of an insufficient allowance ; but so high was 
the appreciation of these chefs d'osuvre that each plate gen- 
erally made a second and sometimes a third visit to head- 
quarters for renewal. This voracious copying of the famous 
example of Oliver Twist finally evoked the following pub- 
lic declaration from the Superintendent : "We aim to fur- 
nish each student with two pieces of pie ; further than that 
we do not go " — a saying that at once passed into history. 
And then those famous strawberry suppers, furnished to 
students who were passing through the tribulation of private 
examination — were they not enough to make the wearied 
sufferer almost forget the tortures of the inquisition in the 
class-room up-stairs? 

There were no elective studies in those days, and the cur- 
riculum was not as imposing as at present, but the scholar- 
ship if not showy was good and honest, and the few profes- 
sors, one and all, strove earnestly to lay a solid foundation 
upon which the future edifice should be built. And woe 



278 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

betide the hapless wight who neglected to search out in the 
" Unabridged" the precise meaning of every unusual word 
in the lesson to be recited to Dr. Swift. Indeed so little 
patience had that most austere and lovable of teachers with 
slip-shod work tliat once he sent out of his class-room in 
disgrace the whole Junior Class, because not one had thought 
it worth his while to look up in " Bouvier'sLaw Dictionary" 
the apparently simple phrase of " by relation " in " Kent's 
Commentaries." One of his favorite maxims was "' that a 
new word, thoroughly learned, was a more useful acquisi- 
tion than a gold dollar, for the dollar would soon be spent, 
while the word would remain a treasure forever." 

Thoroughness if not brilliancy was the rule in literary as 
well as scholastic work, and the intellectual activity of the 
students has rarely been surpassed. The Loganian Society 
always had a full attendance at its meetings in the collec- 
tion-room on Second day evenings, and the editors of The 
Collegian seldom had to beg for contributions to that paper, 
while neither the " Everett " nor "Athenaeum " societies 
could complain of want of patronage, and their papers. The 
Bud and Ihe Oem, flourished and grew fat. It cannot 
indeed be claimed that the debates in which the Loganian 
occasionally indulged were a success, for extempore speak- 
ing is not always a concomitant of thorough, painstaking 
study ; but the essays were almost always thoughtful and 
well prepared, and downright failure in declamation was 
most unusual. 

Much of the enthusiasm was traceable to the genial 
influence of Professor Thomas Chase, the honored President 
of the Loganian, and the idol of the students, who, in ad- 
dition to the routine duties of the class-room, in which he 
made the ancient days live again in the light of modern 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 279 

learning, took especial delight in directing the youthful 
minds into the healthier paths of literature. His familiar 
converse on books and authors was an inspiration to even 
the dullest understandings, and the seed sown broadcast 
has produced fruit which will keep his memory green in 
the minds of many students as long as their lives shall 
last. 

Another feature of life at Haverford was the love of 
nature displayed by the students. The greenhouse and 
the students' gardens were gone, but the grape arbor, with 
its luscious fruits, as yet remained. The scholastic year 
extended far into the summer months, and the " seclusion- 
but-not-exclusion " policy compelled a closer acquaintance 
with the natural beauties of the Haverford lawn than is 
acquired nowadays. The students knew and loved the 
trees scattered with a -lavish hand over the lawn, and th'e 
hero in Xantaine's charming story scarce watched for thfe 
dawning beauties of Picciola with intenser interest than did 
they for the openings of buds on the magnolia which stood 
in front of Founders' Hall; and they admired with a lover's 
enthusiasm the four magnificent purple beeches which were 
cut down to make room for Barclay Hall. To walk up and 
down the romantic Serpentine Walk, book in hand, stop- 
ping ever and anon to listen to the carol of the birds in the 
trees around them, made the hard lesson a little easier 
to understand, while some, more ambitious, contended that 
the proper way of studying was for three or four students to 
club together, and erect, in the woods between the gymna- 
sium and the railroad, lofty platforms, with convenient 
seats, where in their eyries, high above the " madding 
crowd" and the tumult and turmoil of earthly worries, the 
eesthetic student could study in peace, or, as often, slumber 



280 



HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



undisturbed, lulled by the music of the rustling branches. 
Others, more commonplace, contented themselves by re- 
maining on terra firma, and using the beautiful iron settees 
and chairs on the lawn, which the kindness of Eliza P. 
Gurney had so abundantly provided ; and if the truth must 
be told, this way of studying was just as effectual as the 




STONE STEPS ON TERRACE IN FRONT OF FOUNDERS' HALL. 

others. Another kind friend of the college had provided 
the means for labelling all the trees with their botanical 
and common names, and a story is told of a pompous visi- 
tor, whom a student overheard translating, for the benefit 
of a fair companion at his side, one of these labels which 
read " Pinus Inops — Jersey Pine." The rendition was " Pinus 
Jersey — 'Inops' Pine," at wliich the said student held his 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 281 

sides in latent laughter. The humorous side of life at Hav- 
erford has been admirably described by the late lamented 
Samuel A. Hadley, of the class of '62, in his poem of " The 
Senior's Farewell." It is given here almost entire, as the 
best possible epitome of the period, from the students' point 
of view. The notes are as valuable to the translator as 
were those of the renowned Anthon to the Latin student of 
" Caesar's Commentaries." Therefore please read the notes. 
For the poetry we will not apologize, for it is good Haver- 
ford doggerel, compared with some we shall hereafter vent- 
ure to quote, from the pens of the sporting fraternity. 

" No more from ' my class-room ' of four-o'clock fame, 
The class-room of Nature — I'll not give its name — 
No more from this loved spot, unheard shall we go, 
At Doctor's brief mandate, the stern — ' Go below.' 
Yet far from our Eden, in far-away years, 
His kind words of wisdom shall sound in our ears. 
In lands where we wander, perchance when grown old. 
The tales which he told us again shall be told. 
Not less shall we thank him, and thank him we ought, 
That great moral maxims with Science he taught; 
And heart's thanks shall give him, which words cannot tell. 
While earth has a blossom or ocean a shell. 
That blind eyes are opened, and now we can read 
The great book of Nature on mountain and mead. 

" From the cupola's windows no longer shall we 
Watch Delaware's waters roll down to the sea, 
Where, far o'er the tree-tops, till lost from the sight, 
The vessels glide onward, like birds in tlieir flight — 
No longer can see them, with white sails unfurled. 
Like sentries of Heaven, look down on the world ! 

" No more, at the whistle, in sunshine or rain, 
Shall see our Long fellow rush down to the train ; 
Nor see naughty chickens, at night, thro' the hall. 
Make sport for the Freshmen, suspension for all ! 
No more, after supper, shall gather around. 
And ask the old ' Sand Bag ' to take a ' good pound ' — 
The best institution (not any we'll save) 
The best in the college, the noble and brave ! 
The ' Whittlers ! ' ' Avengers ! ' what truly were they ? 
At sight of the ' Sand Bag ' they all ran away 



282 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" No more sliall we linger at Henderson's store, 
Awaiting the mail train (which came long before), 
Till, trusting our timepiece is rather too fast, 
Return for our ' Shanghai,' but tea-time is past I 

" No more sliall we look on the vast starry throng, 
In old constellations march slowly along — 
No more see them revel around their night throne, 
Far, far from the mind's grasp, all feasting alone, — 
But we shall come hither, on Fancy's free wings. 
And visit the dome where the telescope swings ; 
Perhaps, too, remember the ' Transit,' and how 
We noted the time at the quick-spoken ' Now !' 

" No more from your summits, O lofty Fair View, 
And famed Hill of Prospect, in far-away blue, 
Shall see grove and village, so fair that they seem 
A prospect of Eden beyond the clear stream 
Of Schuylkill shining, like silver, between, 
As Peneus from Ossa, in Tempe is seen ! 

" No more in our hammocks or seats up the trees. 
Half-sleeping, half-waking, rocked on by the breeze, 
E,ead stories of lovers, or tales of the seas — 
Oh, wliere are their First days delicious as these? 

"The bell that has called us so often away 
From shinney and cricket, the fields of our play, 
Sometimes ringing pleasure, sometimes ringing pain, 
No more thus, forever, shall call us again. 

"At Mill Creek, and Kelly's, and Morris's Mills, 
When white are the hillsides and silent the hills, 
No more shall we gather, and in fulness reveal 
The music of motion and music of steel — 
No more thus so swiftly shall pass and repass. 
Nor scare the poor fishes and break thro' their glass. 
Yet set an example of bravery's true worth, 
' Pni'senfiam mentis,' and coolly come forth. 

'' No more shall we clamber the Castle Rock o'er, 
And fancy ourselves on a far-away shore, 
Where sleeps by old castles, o'ergrown with the vine, 
The river of legends, the beautiful Rhine. 
Great ruin of Nature, romantic and grand ! 
Fit liome of Fitzpatrick and murderous band, 
Thyself and tliy story are equally strange ; 
We pass : but tliou standest, still mocking at change. 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 283 

" There's Snob's, Villa Nova, and Lyons's, too, 
And the Cave Artificial the butcher broke through ; 
There's Remington's, Cabinet, Mike s, and White Hall — 
Farewell all together, we can't name you all." 

Author's Notes on the Poem.^ 
" My class-room.^' The Doctor, our venerable Professor of 
Natural Science, and the terror of evil-doers, had his class- 
room in the second story. The regular hours of recitation 
close at four o'clock p.m., and hence, after this hour, the 
Professor has leisure to attend to his appointments, which for 
failure in lessons or other misconduct are made in the midst 
of recitation by the injunction — " Go below — at my class- 
room at four o'clock, prepared in this lesson. Go ! " The 
student, who thus suddenly leaves the room, to return at 
four o'clock, will not sooner forget the expression of the Doc- 
tor's countenance, and that finger held up to give emphasis 
to his already too emphatic words, than he will forget the 
words themselves. 

'^Long fellow.'''' The Pennsylvania Railroad runs by the 
college lawn. One of the students, over six feet in height, 
was proverbial for his devotion to engines, and whenever a 
whistle was heard — and he knew nearly every locomotive 
on the road by its whistle — he was seen rushing down to the 
train. 

" Naughty chickens and sport.'' On the night of the 7th 
of 10th month, 1860, as the Sophomores and Freshmen were 
retiring to rest, two chickens came forth from one of their 
dormitories, and began to promenade the hall, casting con- 
temptuous glances at the laughers standing in the doors on 
either side. The Governor (afterward nicknamed " Sport") 

^ These notes were written by S. A. Hadley, and accompanied the origina 
publication. 



284 HISTORY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 

endeavored to quell the merriment, but in vain ; peal after 
peal of laughter went up, while he made futile efforts to cap- 
ture the chickens; but finally they were taken; and, in 
order to compel the students, who assisted them up-stairs, to 
come forward with a confession, the whole college, except 
the Senior Class, was kept in partial suspension for nearly a 
month. The culprits were never found out. 

" Sand Bag, etc." " Sand Bag " was the name of a boxing 
club that boxed without gloves every evening after tea. 
The " Whittlers " and " Avengers " were opposition clubs. 

" No more shall we linger at Henderson's store, 
Awaiting the mail train (which came long before)." 

The post-office for the college is at Henderson's store. The 
next line is totally inexplicable. 

" Shanghai " is the college name for molasses, probably 
originating from the shape of the decanters. 

The Director of the observatory must be heard at the 
transit instrument before the " quick-spoken Noiu " can be 
appreciated. He should also be seen, for his old roll cap 
adds not a little to the interest of the occasion. 

"Fairview" summit and "Prospect Hill" are beautiful views 
on the Schuylkill — the one near Manayunk, the other near 
Conshohocken. 

Mill Creek, Kelly's and Morris's are noted swimming and 
skating resorts. 

" Prsesentiam mentis." A member of the college, on a cer- 
tain skating holiday, broke through the ice on Mill Creek, 
and after losing a pair of skates, and making unsuccess- 
ful attemj3ts to place himself on solid footing, was drawn 
out by one of the students. Among his first remarks on 
coming forth was, " I never lost my presence of mind." The 
students thought it a joke, but he said it was the truth, and 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 285 

contends for it as such. " Presence of mind " soon became 
a b^^-word. 

The " Castle Rock," a huge pile of rocks near a small 
stream, a few miles west of Haverford College, is noted as 
having been the home of Fitzpatrick, a notorious robber of 
Revolutionary times. It is situated in a dense forest, and 
a cave among its wild crags must have been a desirable 
home for the daring outlaw. For an account of Fitz., see 
" Historical Collections of the State of Pennsylvania, " pp. 
217-18. "Snob's," alias temperance store. " Villa Nova," a 
Catholic college. "Cabinet," the name of a post-office, which 
the students sometimes make use of. "Remington's," a splen- 
did country seat. "Lyons's," a school, under the charge of 
the Pev. James Gilborne Lyons, A.M., LL.D., a distinguished 
scholar and poet. "Mike's," an oyster and ice-cream saloon. 
" White Hall," a large hotel, like the other places mentioned, 
near Haverford. The " cave artificial " was a cave made in 
the grove southeast from the college, for purposes not sanc- 
tioned by the Haverford regulations ; it was entered by a trap- 
door, in the midst of a cluster of grape-vines A certain 
butcher residing in the vicinity (certainly one of the bulk- 
iest men in the State) one day, passing over, broke through 
the " cave," and was precipitated to its bottom, thinking, no 
doubt, the earth was swallowing him up. This accident not 
only destroyed the labor of the persevering hermits, but 
also led to their detection by the vigilant Superintendent of 
the college, who had serious objections to students thus 
retiring from the world. 

The alumnus who has given us this unusually vivid 
picture of the student life, and refers, in one of his lines, 
to the " Loved and Lost " Joseph G. Harlan, the lamented 
Principal who died a few years before, himself survived but 



286 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



a brief period. The picture he draws reveals a number of 
the changes made by time. The raih'oad, deflected from 
its old-time bed by a straightening of the line some j'^ears 
later, no longer runs along the cedar hedge and under the 
Meeting House bridge, but passes a quarter of a mile to the 
northeast. The old post-offices have been replaced by Hav- 
erford College Post-office at the railway station. This new 




FISHING-POOL ON MILL CREEK. 



office was obtained soon after through the courtesy of Hon. 
A. C. Harmer, of the Fifth Congressional District of Penn- 
sylvania, who made the odd mistake of locating it at Bryn 
Mawr, then in embryo, but with much care set himself to 
correct the error, which was the result of a misunderstand- 
ing. " Snob " has joined " the innumerable caravan that 
moves to the mysterious realm. " Dr. Lyons has disap- 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 287 

peared from the scene ; but Villa Nova College still flour- 
ishes, as does the great college of St. Charles Borromeo, 
near Merion, erected not far from this period. 

Let us revert here for a moment to the athletic sports of 
the earlier time, in order to introduce the game of cricket, 
which, in modern years, occupies a large space in the stu- 
dents' horizon, and which now began to figure conspicuously 
as, j9ar excellence, the athletic sport of Haverford. 

.On the coming together of twenty-one students, in 1833, a 
variety of games flourished of a somewhat more puerile 
order than prevailed in later days. The old English hand- 
ball and town-ball, the predecessor of baseball, were popu- 
lar. Football, perhaps, was not less so, and the ball fre- 
quently flew clear over the cupola of Founders' Hall, pro- 
pelled by a mighty impetus from the foot, for football was 
not then a form of handball. Marbles likewise found favor 
in the students' eyes, and eke shinney. 

But in 1836 the college grounds were laid out, albeit with 
great care and taste, by an English gardener named William 
Carvill. To him we owe not only the successful planting of 
those grand old Haverford trees, but also the introduction 
of his national game of cricket. It flourished for several 
years, and during 1838 nine matches, between elevens picked 
from the college, were arranged and played, and then it 
flickered out. It is thought that at Haverford College 
cricket was first learned by Americans and adopted as a 
game. 

By 1840, however, cricket had disappeared, and we hear 
no more of it until its revival in 1856. Football had 
pushed to the front ; not the more scientific though bar- 
barous Rugby game, but a general struggle to reach the 
goal, in which all participated in democratic fashion. It 



288 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

was true football — the Rugby game being football by mis- 
nomer. Those present were divided into two sides, and 
by bona-fide kicking, each endeavored to force the ball past 
the other's goal. 

In 1848, at the reunion, in anticipation of the reopen- 
ing of the school after a suspension of three years, when 
the general exercises were concluded, every one — alumni, 
teachers, students — hastened to the ball-field, and there, in a 
glorious old match, recognized football as the game of the 
school. Cricket was not mentioned, apparently not even 
thought of at that period. It had failed to impress itself 
lastingly on the Haverford mind. 

From 1848 to 1856 " football and town-ball, the latter 
much like the baseball of later days, were the popular 
games," as The Gem for 12th month 3d, 1859, tells us. 
Shinney had also emerged into prominence, and the fol- 
lowing poetical burst in The Gem, 4th month 10th, 1858, 
bemoans its fate. The parody is better than the poetry. 

" O sacred game ! thy triumph ceased awhile, 
And shinney players ceased with thee to smile, 
When liege young cricket- players from England, 
Her belted batsmen and her swift bowlers, 
Shied their new red ball on the breeze of morn, 
And swear for her to conquer or to mourn. 

" Shinney's last champion from the field surveyed. 
While o'er the fields his rival cricket swayed, 
' O Heaven ! ' he cried, ' my favorite game uphold; 
Is there no hand on high to shield the bold ? 
Yet though young cricket sweeps the lovely plain, 
Rise, fellow-men, our shinneys yet remain ! ' 

" He said, and on the field arrayed 
His trusty players, few, but undismayed, 
All ready standing, and in one long shout 
They call on Tatum for to lead the mount. 
In vain, alas ! in vain, ye gallant few, 
For half the players in one long strain, 
Announce that cricket is a lovelv game. 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 289 

" Oh ! bloodiest picture in the book of time ; 
Old shinney fell, unwept, without a crime. 
Found not a generous friend or pitying foe, 
Strength in her arms or mercy in her woe ; 
Dropped from her nerveless grasp, that shinney dear, 
Closed her bright eye, and curbed her high career. 
Shinney, for a season, bid the world farewell ; 
And young cricket shouted as old shinney fell." 

Thus was Haverford cricket born again, fathered by an 
English tutor at Dr. Lyons's school. The writer in The Gem 
of '59 had best tell the story of its second introduction. He 
says : " It has been just three years since the game of cricket 
was introduced at Haverford, and probably many of my 
readers remember with what excitement and zeal it was 
first received. The old football was almost immediately de- 
serted, and a large cricket club of forty or fifty members 
was formed, and implements sent for at once. But among 
some of the members of the club there was such excitement 
and impatience that they could not wait for the things sent; 

and especially was zeal manifested by a certain A 

S (be his memory revered !) who made wickets out of 

broomsticks and bats out of pine boards ; and, with a crowd of 
fellows not quite so much excited as himself, he started the 
first game of cricket at Haverford, bowling himself with a ball 
which he had obtained from an unknown source. Thus be- 
gan this interesting game at Haverford. Soon, however, the 
required implements came, in the shape of two big, heavy 
bats with unwrapped handles (for wrapped handles were 
then almost unknown in this backwoods community), with 
ball and wickets indescribable ; altogether a slight improve- 
ment on the old broomsticks. Such was cricket here at 
first. Any one who could knock the ball over the bowler's 
head was considered an excellent player, and two runs at a 
time was almost a miracle ; there was no such thing as ' well 
19 



290 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

held,' and ' lost ball ' was unheard of." This last observa- 
tion indicates the state of the ground at that time. For 
that matter, " lost ball " is unheard of now, though for a 
different reason. 

By the Fall of '57 there had arisen at Haverford two most 
exclusive clubs — the Delian and Lycsean. Into the former 
no new student could hope to gain admittance ; and thus, not 
satisfied with their privileges as spectators of the older boys' 
play, the Freshmen resolved to form a new club. American 
willow in the hands of a carpenter produced two bats, which, 
when the blades were oiled and the handles wrapped with 
tarred twine, cost 75 cents. Half a dollar more supplied 
hickory [_stumps; and when a rubber ball, firm, though 
not solid, was procured for 25 cents, it was found that $1.50 
had started a new club — the immortal Dorian. This new 
race of cricketers, like the old Greek race earnest and ener- 
getic, soon proved their right to the ambitious name they 
had chosen, for they conquered all before them. It has 
been said, and justly, that the first settlers of a community 
stamp its future character. What a birthright has then the 
Haverford College Cricket Club, the Dorian's lineal descend- 
ant ! With a membership of seven and a'capital of $3.50, the 
club commenced play immediately after the mid-winter 
vacation. Snow covered the ground, but a firm coating of 
ice upheld the enthusiastic cricketers. On the present site 
of Alumni Hall the stumps were pitched, and the rubber 
ball was well adapted to the condition of the crease. Scorn- 
fully did the Delian veterans criticise the efforts, and heart- 
ily did they deride the enthusiasm of their future con- 
querors. 

Let us pause to consider the condition of affairs. The 
Delian Club had its crease where the college cricket-grounds 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 291 

now are; the Lycsean claimed the strip bordering on the 
other side of Maple Avenue ; while the Dorian practised on 
that spot of turf now covered by Barclay Hall. Lawn- 
mowers were yet to be invented ; and the grass was cut, that 
is, the hay was harvested twice a year. The feet of the 
batsmen usually supplied the place of a roller, though at 
times a small one was used. Hose there was none, but the 
rain of heaven watered the grass and changed the dust into 
mud. The long grass did excellent service in the field, but 
was also responsible for six hits. The bowling was gener- 
ally underhand, and " grounders " were ruled out by a 
healthy and powerful college spirit. The most important 
position in the field — the one in which the best fielder was 
always placed — was that now known as " swipe," and then 
termed "cover-point-over." To him went many a ball, 
which fact is significant of the condition of batting and 
bowling. The important matches were played " on the field 
south of the old Haverford Road, near the water-works." ^ 
Here the crease was good, and the ground around fair, 
though somewhat restricted in extent. 

After this digression let us return to the history of the 
three clubs. Needless to record that that club which had 
begun so earnestly to practise in the snow, continued its 
efforts when the grass had come. Its first match was with the 
Lycsean, and easily did the youngsters win, to the surprise 
and discomfiture of that club and their natural allies, the 
Delian. The latter must now notice the attempts of the 
Dorian at cricket, and very vexatious they found the neces- 
sity. To arrange for a match was in itself difficult; for the 
older club, anxious as they might be to administer a rebuke 

1 They were still played there in 1867. 



292 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

to impudence, disdained to send a challenge, while the 
younger club modestly held back. However, all was finally 
arranged, and in the autumn of '58 the match was played. 

This game is the first important one in the history of 
Haverford cricket. The interest was intense, and high did 
excitement run. On the one side were arrayed the older 
men, with the self-confidence of former prestige; on the 
other, the younger classmen, eager to achieve distinction. 
The latter won the toss and forthwith took the field, hoping 
in this way to avoid a single inning defeat. 

" I remember perfectly," writes one of the old Dorian 
team, " the solid satisfaction which permeated our bosoms 
to know that so dreadful a prospect was somewhat lessened 
by this piece of good luck." Soon the Delian were out for 
a very small score ; Yardley (of '61) making the only stand. 
The Dorian bowlers were W. B, Broomall and Edward Bet- 
tie, Jr., who delivered a fast underhand ball. Roberts Vaux 
kept the wicket and has left a good reputation behind him. 
The Dorian went in and proved themselves no respecters of 
persons, for they hit freely and often ; and a score, far in ex- 
cess of their opponents, was placed to their credit, Horace 
G. Lippincott carrying off the batting honors. The Delian 
made an effort to stem the adverse tide in their second 
inning, but failed to make the number necessary to prevent 
a defeat by an inning. Only one who had felt it could pre- 
sume to describe the joy of the victors. All experienced 
cricketers will, however, do it justice. 

On that old Dorian eleven were the following ten men : 
Roberts Vaux (wicket-keep), W. B. Broomall and Edward 
Bettle, Jr. (bowlers and slips), John C. Thomas (back-stop), 
Alfred Mellor (point), George Mellor (on-drive), Charles Lip- 
pincott (cover-point-over, i. e. swipe), Horace G. Lippincott 



BECOMES A COLLEGE. 293 

(long-leg), Lindley Clark — 6 ft. 4 in. tall — (mid-wicket), 
Henry Bettle (mid-off ) ; to these must also be added a long 
field-off. 

This defeat broke the power of the Delian, but, resolved 
to stamp the Dorian out of existence, it formed a union with 
the Lycsean, which consolidation was known by the name 
of the " United." The Dorian played them also, defeated 
them with greater ease than it had the two clubs separately, 
and was soon left as the college club — a position it has ever 
since maintained, suffering only a change of name. 

Let us read further in The Gem of '59 : " After the cricket 
panic, above related, had partially subsided, many fellows, 
finding or thinking they had found cricket not quite what 
they had expected it to be, left their clubs and returned to 
the old football. But, alas ! old Mr. Football, justly indig- 
nant at his having been so shamefully abandoned, would 
not serve them any longer, and, to cap the climax, the only 
football was lost, and the Loganian refused to get them an- 
other. Thus, as not enough had yet left cricket to get a ball 
themselves, they were obliged to look around for something 
else. Now, as shinney is a knockabout, kickabout game, 
just like football, it was the one most likely to be accepted 
by the old football players, and such was the case. 

" After this more and more of the fellows came over from 
cricket to shinney, and the latter game gradually began to 
assume an air of importance. The interest in it has been 
on the increase ever since, and shinney is at present gener- 
ally considered one of the three chief games at Haverford, 
and especially in winter, when, it being too cold for cricket, 
the whole interest is divided between shinney and base- 
ball. " 

This last game soon became a rival to cricket, as an arti- 



294 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

cle written in the spring of '60 clearly shows. It begins by 
stating that, " But a year ago " baseball " was not heard of at 
Haverford," but that " it has now become very popular." 
The writer thus continues: " Every one knows that it was 
introduced in the early part of last session, but it was en- 
tirely neglected till within a few weeks, when some of the 
most interested members of the club procured a ground, 
balls, and bats, and endeavored, to the utmost of their abili- 
ties, to have a few games, 

" They labored hard, and their endeavors met with success. 
The more the game was played the more the members be- 
came infatuated with it, and many of the best cricketers left 
that game and tried with all their energy to improve them- 
selves in the playing of baseball. 

" As heretofore, the cry of 'cricket! cricket!' was heard all 
over the college ; every day now, as soon as recitations are 
over, the cry of 'baseball' resounds over the lawn. 

" Growing tired of watching the game, we proceed to the 
cricket-ground, and are surprised to see no one playing, and 
are informed that cricket is seldom played when baseball 
is." Then occurs the fervent wish and appeal: "Let it be 
hoped that baseball may ever retain the position that it now 
holds, and, in the course of time, become the game of Haver- 
ford. . . . Fellow-students, let us abandon cricket and 
take up baseball, and in course of time we shall be able to 
play as well as any." Vain was the writer's desire : cricket 
lived, and baseball died. Six months later we find recorded 
a conversation between two students in which cricket is the 
only game mentioned. 

About this time the students at Dr. Lyons's played a match 
with the Dorian. After the game, the former, for some un- 
known reason, were forbidden by the head of their school to 
enter the college grounds. May we infer that Haverford won ? 



CHAPTER XT. 
CIVIL WAR PERIOD, 1860-64. 

And some in storm and battle passed, 
And, as the failing life ebbed fast. 
Found peace at last. — Joseph Parrish. 

The autumn of 1860 found Haverford full, with sixty 
students — or as they would now be called men — distributed 
in five classes — Senior, Junior, Second Junior, Third Junior 
and Academical. 

At that time the Philadelphia Station of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad was at the southeast corner of Eleventh and Market 
Streets, on the present site of the Bingham House. It was 
entered by passengers from Eleventh Street, near Marble 
Alley, and the cars were drawn through the Market Street 
exit by horses and mules to West Philadelphia. There were 
many fewer stations on the railroad, and in some instances 
with very different names from those now familiar. The 
one at Haverford was on the college grounds, about 200 feet 
northwest of Ellis Yarnall's dwelling, then occupied by 
Professor Moses C. Stevens, and consisted of an open shed, 
with a bench, and a tin flag to signal passing trains. None 
of the country seats, now the pride of this section, adorned it, 
though one or two large houses were open during the sum- 
mer for boarders. 

The college buildings consisted of Founders' Hall, then 
called the College, gymnasium annex, laundry, carpenter 
shop, old observatory, and certain shanties adjoining the 

(295) 



296 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

gas-works. An important feature of the grounds, especially 
in the Fall of the year, was the grape arbor, extending from 
the present Alumni Hall to the old arch, which was all that 
was left standing of the former greenhouse. 

During the preceding summer much work had been done 
on Founders' Hall, in accordance with a minute of the Board 
of Managers, dated 4th month 13, 1860, viz. : " The commit- 
tee would further propose that an area be dug around the 
college buildings of sufficient width to relieve the extreme 
dampness that now renders it unhealthy to the domestics, 
three being off duty with rheumatism." There was already 
an area on the south side. As the dining-room was located 
in the basement, the students were also benefited by this im- 
provement; and the stools, attached to planks at the floor and 
used at table, were replaced by chairs. The walls of the bed- 
room were replastered, and strips of wood placed near the 
ceiling, from which pictures and book-shelves were thereafter 
to be suspended. Indeed Founders' Hall was then considered 
quite a luxurious structure, notwithstanding the distance 
from the dormitories to the wash-room adjoining the gym- 
nasium, where warm water was supplied once a week only. 

The collection-room of that day is now the dining-room, 
and the school-room occupied the corresponding apartment 
west of the central entrance, now used as two class-rooms. 
Seniors had special study rooms, but all other students were 
obliged to remain at their desks in the school-room from 
9 A.M. to 12 M., from 2 to 4 and from 7 to 8 p.m., except 
when reciting. 

On arrival the students were all measured, and seats as- 
signed in the collection and school-rooms, and at table in 
accordance with their height. They were also required to 
sign a declaration of " determined purpose to obey all laws." 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 297 

The "bounds " of the college were then well defined, but 
Seniors were not subject to them, and it was generally possi- 
ble on week-days to obtain permission to pass them. Rule 
3, however, remained in force, and still required that "when 
a student obtains liberty to extend his walk beyond the pre- 
scribed limits it is to be distinctly understood that he is not 
to enter or even to go to any house whatever, unless he shall 
have at the same time obtained permission from the Super- 
intendent for that purpose." On one occasion permission 
to pass bounds was withheld from all except Seniors for a 
month, in consequence of an unusual disorder and the diffi- 
culty of detecting the offender. As the Second and Third 
Juniors and Academicals were retiring one evening at nine 
o'clock, the prescribed hour, some chickens appeared in the 
corridor of the second floor, and animated efforts were made 
by the very tall and elderly Governor to catch them. Day 
after day the students were informed that the door was 
gradually closing on the culprit, who was encouraged to 
confess. If he did so, however, it was unknown to his fellow- 
students. 

Buchanan was President of the United States, and the 
political campaign of 1860 was well under way. Some di- 
versity of sentiment had existed, but much gratification 
was expressed at Lincoln's success on the day after election, 
for it was then impossible to obtain earlier news. A few 
months later the President-elect, passing the college on his 
journey to Washington, appeared on the rear platform of 
the train and bowed to the students assembled at the station. 
For four weary years the transportation of troops was eagerly 
watched from the same point, and at one time the road was 
guarded by armed men. In this connection much anxiety 
was experienced by the college authorities at the active par- 



208 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ticipation of students at flag-raisings, etc. In a minute dated 
5th month 3d, 18G1, they recorded their "earnest desire 
that all connected with the college may endeavor, as far as 
possible, to restrain all undue excitement, and specially to 
avoid any participation in measures tending to compromise 
our testimony against war, or which is likely to be so under- 
stood, and to cherish a quiet and forbearing spirit, and to 
place their trust, in times of public danger and private dis- 
tress, in the superintending Providence of their Heavenly 
Father, rather than anything tending to violence or bitter- 
ness of spirit toward any class of their fellow-men." 

Toward the close of 1860 the Managers decided to build 
a small house for the farmer, because " so few avail them- 
selves of the farmhouse for entertainment." The erection 
of this building was the means of vacating the old farm- 
house, which subsequently became the residence of Professor 
Thomas Chase, afterward known as " Chase Cottage " and 
later inappropriately as " Woodside." At that time the 
Superintendent, Timothy Nicholson, lived in the house 
since enlarged, and occupied in 1890 by Professor Thomas; 
and Dr. Swift boarded beyond the college grounds. 

A skating holiday was generally granted during the 
winter, when students were permitted to walk to the Schuyl- 
kill River, and skate to the city. Some, however, took the 
cars to Philadelphia, and those who were too energetic for 
the first train — which was not very early — actually arose 
before daybreak and walked. 

To some the carpenter shop was a source of diversion 
in stormy weather. It was maintained by an association 
called the Carpenter Shop Association, or C. S. A., and con- 
ducted its work in a portion of the building now known as 
the machine-shop. The Confederate States of America, 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 299 

known by the same initials, eventually brought this title 
into disrepute. 

Baseball had not suffered the contaminating influences of 
a later day, and was indulged in, at least, when the ground 
was unfit for cricket. 

In addition to lectures by the Faculty, a course on history 
was delivered at this time by Reinhold Solger, Ph.D. 

At the end of the term students were subjected to public 
examinations, of which printed notices had been previously 
circulated. In the 1st month, 1861, Third Juniors were ex- 
amined on Virgil and Latin exercises, Anabasis and Greek 
exercises in the class-room. Geometry and Composition in 
the collection-room. The examinations consisted merely of 
recitations, which were attended by scarcely any visitors , 
with the occasional exception of a few students from the 
other classes. 

On the evening of 1st month 29th, Francis A. Wood, Vice- 
President of the Loganian Society, delivered the usual ad- 
dress. On such occasions a temporary platform was con- 
structed at the east end of the collection-room — which also 
served for Junior exhibition next day — and was again 
brought into service at the summer commencement. The 
notices for Junior exhibition, 1st month 30th, 1861, stated: 
" The exercises will begin at 10 o'clock a.m. A train of cars 
leaves the station of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Eleventh 
and Market Streets, at 8 o'clock a.m. Visitors can return to 
the city by a train which leaves the college at 12^ p.m." At 
the conclusion of the exhibition, the winter vacation of 
three weeks commenced. 

The approach of spring was hailed with delight by the 
large family, crowded as it was into Founders' Hall for lodg- 
ings and meals as well as instruction. Among the pleasures 



300 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of winter had been skating on the new lawn pond or at 
Kelly's dam, and walking to AVest Haverford Post-office or 
to the Cabinet Post-office at Athensville, now Ardmore, for 
such publications as might fail to pass inspection, if sent in 
the usual way. Breakfast at 6.30 compelled the greatest 
haste on the part of many who disregarded the first bell 
and arose at 6.25. 

Toward summer, swimming at Morris's dam was much 
enjoyed. It was then a very secluded spot, but is now in 
proximity to Bryn Mawr and too public for that purpose. 

On the 9th of 7th month, 1861, the day succeeding the 
annual meeting of the Loganian, at which Hadley's poem, 
" No More," had been read with such interest, the alumni 
met in pursuance of a notice, which stated that " The col- 
lege may be reached by the cars of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, leaving the depot at 12 m. and 2.30, 4 and 5.40 p.m." 
This would now seem a very inadequate accommodation 
for such a suburb in midsummer. 

On the 10th of 7th month commencement was held. 
The order of exercises stated that " the performances will 
commence at 9| o'clock." Nine Seniors received the 
degree of A.B., and the Tutor, Thomas Wistar, Jr., that of 
A.M. By direction of the Board of Managers, Samuel Hilles 
used to sign the diplomas as Principal pro tern. The title 
of President was not yet used. 

In the autumn of 1861 the number of students was 
reduced to 50, owing largely to the war, although no ad- 
vance was made in the charges, which remained at $300 per 
annum, including washing. In the new Catalogue, to grat- 
ify the Second Juniors, or Sophomores, the names " Fresh- 
man " and " Sophomore " were substituted for Third and 
Second Junior, heretofore in use. The transition from school 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 301 

to college, like the civilization of Tunessassa Indians, was to 
be gradual. Thomas W. Lamb, a graduate of the last class, 
succeeded Thomas Wistar, Jr., as tutor, and the family of 
Professor Stevens moved into Founders' Hall, The Mana- 
gers agreed " to carpet larger room for Moses C. Stevens, if 
he cannot arrange otherwise. Washing and ironing to be 
as little burdensome as possible." 

A new Superintendent, William Forster Mitchell, who 
was placed over the college, commenced his work under 
the fresh and stringent laws of the Managers. Among 
them, the second stated " that the verbal understanding 
which was come to some time since to permit students to 
visit their homes, in or near Philadelphia, once in each term 
be rescinded, . . . and that such visits be allowed only 
under very urgent circumstances, such as the serious illness, 
death or marriage of a member of their immediate family," 
etc. To such laws the Superintendent added rules of his 
own that were equally difficult to enforce. Among them 
his group rule was intended to prevent a greater number 
than two from conversing in the school-room before or 
after school-hours. Mischief was expected to be the result 
of groups, and this rule was designed to prevent it. 

At the opening of the session a committee of the Managers 
was present, who examined the trunks, to see that nothing 
objectionable in the way of books, clothing, etc., etc., should 
enter the college. In this way the "guarded education" 
Avas to be promoted, according to the ideas then prevailing. 

In these years the Superintendent lived near the college 
with a Governor or other officers in Founders' Hall. The 
absence of the Superintendent, however, and particularly at 
night, as was stated by the Managers, had always been found 
a drawback upon the regularity and efficiency of the dis- 
cipline. 



302 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

During the season, apples were gathered by the students 
in the orchard, clandestinely converted into cider at the 
barn, and stored in powder-kegs or other receptacles in the 
closets. 

On rising in the morning, one would occasionally see cer- 
tain articles on the lightning-rod surmounting the cupola, 
and a barrel was one day removed from it with considerable 
difficulty. 

During the absence of the Superintendent one evening 
the Professor of Mathematics presided at bed collection and 
attempted to read from a small pocket Bible, as the large 
Bible had disappeared. It was difficult, however, to read 
such type while watching the students, and he finally blun- 
dered at a word, which some one asked him to spell. 

Once a week a class was expected to recite certain verses 
from Scripture to the Superintendent, but he was so near- 
sighted that one after another read the lesson from the 
blackboard, where it had been carefully written in advance. 

These incidents seem very trifling now, but it was an era 
of small things. They are cited to illustrate the effect of 
harsh discipline upon the average young man. The age of 
the students was still some years below that of to-day, and 
the course of instruction was lower. The little commu- 
nity, moreover, like the larger one around it, was more 
interested in watching the great struggle for the suppression 
of slavery and the preservation of the Union than in the 
progress of education. There were evidences that the 
Superintendent had the welfare of the students at heart, and 
made efforts to entertain them. As an instance of this, 
on one occasion he hired wagons to visit the Training 
School for Feeble-minded Children near Media. His pre- 
vious work, however, had been among younger boys and of 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 303 

a humbler class than Haverford students. Severe punish- 
ments were repeatedly inflicted, but it was impossible to 
maintain a discipline under such a system. There was still 
something to be learned by the Managers and Faculty. 

About this time the Dorian and United Cricket Clubs, 
which had long been playing matches with each other, be- 
came one, owing to the reduced membership of the latter, 
and, soon after, the Dorian began to play matches with out- 
side clubs, though for years they were conducted in a very 
guarded manner, amid many doubts on the part of the 
authorities. 

In the 9th month, 1861, the Managers record the difficulty 
of obtaining rosin for the manufacture of gas, as communi- 
cation with North Carolina was cut off by the war, and the 
gas-works were altered for the substitution of coal oil. 

Soon after, the old grape-vine arbor, long an ornament to 
the grounds, was blown down in a gale of wind, and there 
was not enough enterprise to replace it. 

In the evenings, the parlor of the Matron, Elizabeth B. 
Hopkins, was always open, and on First day afternoons 
Charles Yarnall sometimes occupied the hour with readings 
from the writings of Dr. Arnold and other worthies, accom- 
panied by wise and suitable remarks. 

Toward the middle of each week the college wagon went 
to the city. It stopped at the office of The Friends^ Review, 
109 North Tenth Street, left its bundles, and received such 
packages as had accumulated since its previous visit. It 
was, practically, a free express between Philadelphia and 
Haverford. 

On 1st month 28th, 1862, the annual address before 
the Loganian Society was delivered by the Vice-President, 
Samuel A. Hadley, of Osceola, Iowa, author of " No More," 



304 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

on "Napoleon and Stephen Grellet." Junior exhibition 
succeeded on the 29th and was followed by the usual vaca- 
tion. On 4th month 4th, Samuel J. Gummere was appointed 
Principal of the College, to take charge in the succeeding 
autumn of the discipline and accounts, with an assistant in 
the Mathematical Department. 

As summer approached, the private examinations became 
a leading topic. They were held at the end of the Sopho- 
more and Senior years on the studies of the two previous 
years, and rank at graduation was determined entirely by 
the result of the final effort. In earlier years there had been 
but one such examination during the entire course, and, 
while a division of the work at the end of the second year 
was a relief, the test was very much more severe than ex- 
aminations at short intervals. As an example, the text-book 
of Geology had been abandoned in 1861, but resumed next 
year ; and Dr. Swift, apparently overlooking the fact, sub- 
jected the class to a trial on a work that had not been studied. 
While his instruction had been so thorough that all could 
pass, on the essential principles of the science, it was very 
difficult to obtain a high mark under such circumstances. 

The ease with which all students could reach the end of 
the Sophomore year induced many to remain till this time, 
but the Junior Class was always much reduced. During 
examination Seniors and Sophomores were treated to hot 
suppers, which, being a rarity, were well appreciated. 

The public meeting of the Loganian Society followed on 
the evening of the 8th, with Latin, Greek and English Ora- 
tions, a Dialogue and a Versification. Next day, at com- 
mencement, a class of five received the degree of A.B. 

About this time the Managers decided to put a new bridge 
over the railroad, on the walk to the Meeting House, and 
employed the Pennsylvania Railroad Company to build it. 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 



305 



The autumn of 1862 saw little change in the number of 
students, the Catalogue recording but 51. They were greeted, 
however, by a new administration, Samuel J. Gummere as- 
suming the position of Principal. Some twenty-five years 
before he had been a teacher at Haverford School, and now 
returned after a career of great usefulness to take the chair 
of Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy. With his coming 
the whole atmosphere of the college seemed to undergo a 
change. Students who had taken delight in petty mischief, 
yielded with a loyal spirit, and no longer endeavored to 
annoy the authorities. John W. Pinkham, a graduate of 
the class of 1860, succeeded as Tutor and Librarian. More 
hopeful feelings began to prevail. 

We will here turn aside awhile from the beaten track of 
the narrative, and trace to its conclusion the movement in 
the Alumni Association 
for the erection of a hall. 
It was about this time 
that Thomas Kimber, Jr., 
by a unique stroke of 
generosity, at the same 
time insured the comple- 
tion of the building, and 
a handsome nucleus for 
a Library Fund. His 
offer included both a 
liberal gift to the latter, 
and the promise of 
enough money for 
Alumni Hall to erect the 
library portion of it, the nave, so to speak. This event is 
thus referred to by resolution adopted at the meeting of the 
Alumni Association, held in the 10th month, 1863: 

20 




THOMAS KIMBER, Jr. 



306 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" Whereas, The rapid rise and complete success, during 
the past year, of the effort originated in this Society, 
to secure a hall and library building, and a permanent 
Library Fund for Haverford College, is mainly due to the 
munificent donations made for that purpose by our fellow- 
member, Thomas Kimber, Jr.; 

'^Resolved, That the Alumni Association is gratefully 
sensible of his liberality, and tender their thanks for the 
eminently practical interest he has thus manifested in the 
institution whose durable welfare we all have at heart." 

An abstract of the reports of the Trustees of the Building 
and Library Funds was presented at the first meeting of the 
alumni, held in the new hall and library in 1864, After 
mentioning the appointment of the committee in 1857, and 
the trustees in 1858, they state that the sum of $2,000 was 
at first supposed to be sufficient for the purpose, with but 
slight hopes of being able to raise this amount. The Trus- 
tees set about forming the basis for the fund, and met with 
encouraging success. " A liberal donation from one of the 
professors of the college, like subscriptions from several of 
its friends, an annual appropriation of $25 for four years 
from the Loganian Society, a subscription by the Sopho- 
more Class of 1858 and 1859, and various little mites from 
young students were among the numerous evidences of 
interest in the projected hall ; " so that the Trustees were 
able to report to the following annual meeting, in 1859, that 
nearly one-half of the whole " fund" had been contributed. 
But hope and desire were augmented by success; more 
extended views began to be entertained by the Association 
in connection with the hall. It was determined to make it 
so ample that the libraries of the college and of the Loganian 
Society should be placed in it. A corresponding increase of 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 307 

the fund was necessary, and its limit was extended from 
$2,000 to $5,000. A collection was made at the close of the 
meeting, and efforts to complete the sum were continued 
throughout the year so successfully that, up to the time of 
the annual meeting of 1860, over $3,000 had been subscribed. 
The next year was the historical one of 1861, which wit- 
nessed the outbreak of the Rebellion. Such complete stag- 
nation came over the affairs of the building, that for two 
years hardly a subscription was received or collected, and, 
smothered under the weight of the many anxieties and cares 
of the time, the infant scheme seemed dead. 

In the spring of 1863, however, came the proposition from 
Thomas Kimber, Jr., who, being prompted by a warm grati- 
tude for the beneficial influence his education at Haverford 
had exercised on his life, felt a generous design to increase the 
capacity of the college for doing good to others. The proposal 
was in the form of an agreement to pay any sum not less than 
$4,000 and not more than $5,000 toward the erection of a 
building for a library on the grounds of Haverford College, 
provided the Alumni Association shall collect an equal 
amount for the purpose of erecting a hall, to be incorporated 
with the said library building. " My object," says the donor, 
" in making this offer, being to secure to the institution a 
library and reading-room as a place of quiet and retired 
study, I therefore make the express condition of the above 
appropriation that there shall be no loud conversation in 
the said room, and that unless on a special order of the 
Secretary of the Board of Managers, in particular excep- 
tional cases, no part of the building shall be used for any 
other purpose whatever, except for the general meetings of 
the Alumni Association of the institution, and for the com- 
mencements and Junior exhibitions of the college, and for 



308 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the semi-annual meetings of the Loganian Society, held at 
the end of each term." 

These conditions were accepted by the Managers on 
behalf of the corporation, and by the Alumni Association, 
and were for some time the law which governed the occu- 
pation of the building. About twenty years later, however, 
Thomas Kimber removed the restrictions. 

The receipt of this proposal infused new life into a long- 
dormant project. It was immediately determined to raise 
'$5,000 in order to secure the larger of the sums mentioned 
in the proposal; and an active canvass of the numerous 
friends of the Alumni Association and of the college soon 
resulted in procuring this amount. Thus, after seven j^ears 
of active effort and of patient waiting, from very humble 
beginnings, was raised the sum of $10,000, which has been 
expended in forming the simple, chaste and graceful edifice, 
known as Alumni Hall. 

Efforts to establish a permanent fund for the library had 
been instituted by the Alumni Association, through the 
"Trustees of the Library Fund." Other friends, not con- 
nected officially with the Association, had been laboring 
collaterally, but not jointly, with the Trustees, to promote 
the same worthy object. Their exertions had met with 
many gratifying responses, but not with complete success, 
and, from causes similar to some of those affecting the 
Building Fund, had been overtaken with a like lethargy. 

When the impulse given to the Building Fund, by the 
donation spoken of above, had brought about its completion 
to $10,000, the donor, with a practical generosity, offered, 
should a like impulse carry the Library Fund to $10,000 
also, to cancel an annuity condition attached to his donation 
to the Building Fund. The total subscription to it amounted 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 309 

to $10,125 ; all of this, save |50, has been collected, invested, 
and the securities placed in the hands of the Treasurer of 
the College, and is now producing a yearly income of $500 
to $600. 

The erection of this alumni building was a substantial 
evidence of the value of the organization of the alumni, 
and of the reality of their interest in the maternal home of 
their intellectual youth ; and, as such evidence, it marked 
an important era of new and freshened life and promise for 
the institution. For a considerable time, her children had 
taken part in the management ; but this was the first occa- 
sion when their interest took such lasting form, of benefit 
and blessing to the college, as was sure to be felt and appre- 
ciated by each succeeding generation. Many a time since 
has the impulse of this first movement been felt, until now 
a large percentage of the Board of Managers is composed of 
graduates of the college. It was felt when the project of a 
new building, which resulted in the erection of Barclay 
Hall, was broached, when in the course of a comparatively 
short period about $80,000 was raised for this purpose. It 
cropped out in a careful study, in print, of the needs and 
the ways of helping Haverford, and found expression in 
the grand reunion, on the occasion of the semi-centennial 
anniversary of its founding, in 1883. 

The completion of the fund enabled the Alumni Associa- 
tion to begin work on the new hall, and the corner-stone 
was laid in the spring of 1863 ; but the drafting of men into 
the army made it difficult to procure workmen, and the 
structure progressed but slowly. It was, however, completed 
in time for the annual reunion of the Association on the 
15th of lOtli month, 1864, when the Society met in the new 
edifice. After the contractors had been paid in full the sum 



310 HISTORY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 

agreed upon for the erection of the building, to the surprise 
of the Trustees, they presented a further bill of $1,792.84, 
or nearly 25 per cent, additional. There did not seem to be 
any ground for such a claim, and the Trustees resisted its 
payment for several years, when the amount was compro- 
mised, and a final settlement made, b}' the payment of a con- 
siderable additional sum. The case was an illustration of 
the unsettlement of the times. The most unusual circum- 
stances of the Rebellion caused many a contract to be vio- 
lated, and this was an instance. The claim was based on 
the enormous rise in wages during the progress of the work, 
and an alleged change in the stone used, which, it is said, 
caused much delay in the building. In point of fact, there 
was a change in the stone, and it very probably led to delay 
and increased cost; but as the change was made at the re- 
quest of the contractors, it did not seem a valid ground for 
claim on their part. In the opinion of many people, how- 
ever, at that time, the extraordinary jumble of affairs, finan- 
cial and other, caused by the Civil War, w^as a sufficient 
cause for the invalidation of binding contracts, and after 
prolonged arbitration, the above result was reached. 

The style of the new building was then a new departure 
for Haverford, and was severely criticised by some Friends 
of the old regime, as a sad deviation from primitive sim- 
plicity, and bearing too strong a resemblance to a Gothic 
chapel ; and truly, though not in the flamboyant style, and 
simple enough, it did present a pleasing contrast to the rude 
simplicity of Founders' Hall, with its coat of yellow plaster. 

The completion of the Library Fund was no less welcome 
than the finishing of the building, and almost the whole 
growth of the collection since that time has been due to the 
income from this modest but useful endowment. 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 311 

In the spring of 1863 many standard works of a previous 
generation were on the shelves, but few additions had been 
made for years. The books were kept in the southwest 
room of the second story of Founders' Hall and were given 
out before dinner on Seventh days. Occasionally some of 
the best works were taken out early in the session and re- 
tained during the entire term. The Everett and Athenaeum 
Literary Societies had no libraries, and current literature 
was obtained from the Loganian Library, which was free to 
members of the Society, and accessible to others on payment 
of a fee. 

The Loganian Library, therefore, did a most useful work, 
and the office of Librarian, which was considered very de- 
sirable, was sometimes the occasion of a lively struggle at 
the annual election of Society officers. The library then 
contained about 1,500 volumes, and was kept open on Seventh 
days from 12 m. to 12.30 p.m. The Librarian carried the only 
key, and could give access at all times to the room, which, 
unfortunately, could not be kept warm in winter, as there 
was no heated air near it. 

Professor Thomas Chase was President of the Loganian, 
and the standing of Haverford graduates was, in a measure, 
due to good reading incited by him, which students, who 
seldom went to their homes, were glad to indulge in. 

The interest in the meetings of the private literary 
societies was much greater than those of the Loganian, 
which were public, and held on Second day evenings. The 
Everett and Athenaeum met on Seventh day evenings, the 
former in the collection-room and the latter in the lecture- 
room over the gymnasium. Great rivalry existed between 
them, and extraordinary efforts were made by both, at the 
opening of the Fall terms, to secure such of the new students 



312 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

as were likely to make useful members. The usual exercises 
consisted of declamations, essays, debates, and an occasional 
play or dialogue, so called. In the preparation of the last, 
the Athenaeum had great advantage, as possession of the 
lecture-room could be obtained at noon, while it was nec- 
essary to wait till supper-time for the collection-room, and 
to vacate it for evening reading at 8.45. Once a month the 
Everett and Athenaeum issued papers, called The Bud and* 
The Gem, after the custom of the Loganian, which had long 
published TJie Collegian. They were strictly private, how- 
ever, and furnished opportunity for satire and criticism of 
the authorities. The papers and other exercises were subse- 
quently reviewed by an anonymous critic. On the 18th of 
11th month, 1862, President Gummere, by invitation, read 
an original poem before a public meeting of the Everett 
Society. 

On the evening of 1st month 27th, 1863, the annual address 
before the Loganian was delivered by the Vice-President, 
Richard Thomas Jones, of Philadelphia, whose untimely 
and lamented death probably led to his father's munificent 
bequest. His subject was " The Literary Genius of America." 
Next day the usual Junior exhibition took place, and vaca- 
tion followed. 

On 2d month 27th of this year Argand gas-burners were 
introduced at the college — a step toward more light. 

About this time the school of Dr. Lyons, which had long 
been conducted opposite the Haverford Station, was removed 
to a new building beyond White Hall. The Managers 
thought of renting the old property, but were glad to learn 
that tenants had been secured, who were not likely to 
be objectionable. They also decided to take efficient meas- 
ures to prevent intrusion on tlie college grounds by boarders, 
and more especially their nurses and other servants. 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 313 

The Alumni Association having changed its time of meet- 
ing to Fall, in the hope of securing a larger attendance, this 
feature of commencement season was missing in the summer 
of 1863. The usual meeting of the Loganian was held 7th 
month 7th, with orations by members of the Junior and 
Sophomore Classes and a dialogue by two Freshmen. At 
the conclusion, the Seniors, according to a somewhat time- 
honored custom, were dragged by other students around the 
old magnolia tree in the farm-wagon. As usual they made 
farewell speeches, into which it was then possible to throw 
much enthusiasm, owing to the news that was coming over 
the wires as the smoke lifted from Gettysburg. 

Next day a class of six was graduated. Larger than its 
predecessor, it was smaller than the average of recent years, 
but took high rank for scholarship. At the same time 
Clement L. Smith of the class of 1860, since Dean of Har- 
vard University, obtained the degree of A.M., which then 
required a well-written Thesis, although some colleges 
were conferring it on any graduates of three or five years' 
standing. 

The Catalogue of 1863-4 recorded sixty-one students, and 
the college, after a lapse of two years, was practically full. 
This result was very largely due to President Gummere. But 
four names appeared in the Faculty, to which was added 
that of an Instructor in Drawing, but the}^ were names of 
which any college might be proud. The President was 
assisted by the veteran professors. Dr. Swift, and Thomas 
Chase, with the addition of Clement L. Smith, who had 
been pursuing his studies at Harvard since graduating at 
Haverford. 

The ensuing Managers' Report stated that " The studies 
of the several departments have thus been pursued under 



314 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

professors who have possessed the confidence of the Board 
and the love and respect of the students. The studies re- 
quired for admission to the Freshmen Class have been 
advanced, the Introductory or Academical Class has been 
abolished, and the proportion of students who complete the 
full course and graduate at the college has considerably 
increased." And in speaking of financial results : " They 
will be found to be more favorable than has usually been 
the case." 

The Senior Class consisted of twelve members and occu- 
pied three study-rooms, two of which were in the west end 
of the basement of Founders' Hall, and the other consisted 
of the small apartment opening into the present dining-room 
from the north. 

Much interest was manifested at this time in the re-elec- 
tion of Governor Curtin — known as the War Governor — the 
State having been carried against the Administration the 
preceding year. 

On 10th month 24th the alumni met amidst congratula- 
tions over the hall in process of erection. 

On 11th month 6th the Managers recorded their belief 
that the railroad station on the college premises affects in- 
juriously the dicipline, and desired that it be removed to 
some contiguous lot ; and at their meeting in the follow- 
ing month steps were taken for building fences and gates, 
and adopting stringent rules against intrusion, to secure 
the privacy of the lawn, which was becoming a public 
square for boarders in the vicinity, and especially nurses 
and servant girls, to stroll in. 

Toward the end of the year Harrison Alderson, a min- 
ister from Burlington, N. J., and a member of the Board of 
Managers, spent some weeks at the college. A committee 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 315 

of the Quarterly Meeting, including William and Thomas 
Evans, also attended meetings at the Meeting House. 

Twelfth month 23d was very cold when the Twenty-ninth 
Pennsylvania Regiment stopped near Haverford, and forty- 
five soldiers were given breakfast at the college. They were 
returning after two years in the field. 

On 2d month 5th, 1864, the Managers decided that gradu- 
ates of Haverford School may take the degree of A.M. They 
also adopted an address to the Faculty, in which they depre- 
cated the introduction of " books of an infidel, immoral, or 
otherwise injurious tendency, of everything which tends to 
promote a military spirit, whether in the form of addresses 
or papers, directly or indirectly advocating war, or the prac- 
tice of cheering companies of soldiers as they pass along in 
the railroad cars, the display of pictures in their dormitories 
inconsistent with the position of the college as under the 
control of the Society of Friends, and the advocacy of views 
in regard to religion and morals among the students incon- 
sistent with the established views of Friends, and concluded 
that all matters issued by the students, whether notices for 
meetings of any kind or any essays or poems, or whatever 
else published as coming from or connected with Haverford, 
must first be submitted to the Principal for his approval. 
They disapprove of advertising commencements, exhibi- 
tions, etc., in the public papers." 

Little newspaper work had been indulged in, but this 
effort to stop it soon bore the usual fruit. On 3d month 30, 
the North American of Philadelphia, the only daily paper 
taken by the college, published the announcement that Dr. 
Paul Swift, of Haverford, had lately discovered a very ex- 
plosive compound, and was confident that it would prove a 
substitute for gunpowder, that could be produced at half the 



316 lEISTORY OF HAVKRFORD COLLEGE. 

cost of the article then in use. On the 1st of 4th month 
a notice for agents who would sell Dr. Swift's gunpowder was 
seen posted at the station. 

In the history of the college Dr. Swift is very conspicuous 
as a man of marked personality. He compelled students to 
think as few have ever succeeded in doing. To the dull or 
indolent this discipline was invaluable. His use of epithets 
was unlimited, and many a student was obliged to listen to 
a very unflattering description of himself or to advice that 
was extremel}^ irritating. A student, who could not tell the 
meaning of pachyderm, was told by the Doctor, touching 
his forehead with his finger, " Better be a pachyderm 
than be thick up here." His dislike of broken furniture 
was intense, and many a dilapidated chair was hurled by 
him from the window. A student met the Doctor carrying 
a large stick, and asked wh}'' he carried such a heavy one. 
The Doctor answered, "Why? Latin; Curf" No student in 
his department was ever known to fail at biennial exami- 
nations. He delighted in the text, " But wisdom is justified 
of her children." 

The class of '64 effected an organization, and Edward H. 
Coates delivered an address after Loganian exhibition, 7th 
month r2th, over the ivy, which had been planted some days 
before. 

On the same day the following record appears on the 
Managers' minutes: "An opportunity now offers of placing 
the study of several branches of natural science in charge of 
a young Friend, who has devoted a vigorous intellect and 
unusual talent of scientific investigation to those pursuits, 
and who is free from any taint of materialism. We believe 
that under his teaching our students may lay deeply the 
foundation of a sound knowledge of natural science without 




DR. PA.TJL SWIP^T. 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 317 

the danger that too often attends this pursuit under influ- 
ences adverse to a simple faith in Christian truth." 

This " young Friend," Edward D. Cope, afterward rose to 
be one of the most distinguished scientists in America, of 
world-wide reputation. He is still among us, in the vigor 
of middle life. The great number of animals discovered, 
described and named by him, amounting to some 1,100 liv- 
ing and extinct species, succinctly attests his achievement 
in natural science. Some of these were unique and remark- 
able forms, and many of them were new in genus and order 
also. He characterized ten or more new orders of fishes, 
the subdivisions of the order of batrachia, several divisions 
of the lizards and snakes, one order of extinct reptilia, and 
several extinct mammalian orders, and originated a sys- 
tematic analysis of the dentition of mammalia. 

The material thus obtained has been the basis of additions 
to the higher generalizations of biology in the fields of 
classification and evolution. 

His written contributions to palteontology and zoology 
have been voluminous, involving immense labor. Most of 
them have been the dry and technical productions of a man 
of original research. Although gifted, beyond most, with a 
play of language and imagery which made his writings of 
a popular kind very entertaining, he has looked disparag- 
ingly upon such writings, and devoted himself conscien- 
tiously to deeper studies. Of these, have been published in 
large quarto with illustrations: 

Volume IV of " Report of the U. S. Geological and Geo- 
graphical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, under Capt. 
G. M. Wheeler ;" Palaeontology of New Mexico. 

Volumes II and III of " Report of the U. S. Geological 
Surveys of the Territories, under F. V. Hay den " — the first on 



318 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Formation of the West, 
and the second on Tertiary Vertebrata of the West. 

In octavos : " The Origin of the Fittest," Appleton & Sons. 
" The Batracliia of North America," " Bulletin of the U. S. 
National Museum," No. 34. 

And he has at this time in the hands of the publishers a 
" Text-book of Vertebrate Palaeontology," pp. 1,000, and a 
" Text-book of Evolution," Walter Scott, London, pp. 300. 

To these must be added a large number of contributions 
to the learned societies, memoirs and papers of scientific 
importance. 

Latterly his pen has been engaged, more largely than at 
an earlier stage of his career, upon the discussion of psy- 
chical evolution and other phases of metaphysics. Perhaps 
the number of distinctions conferred upon Professor Cope 
by learned bodies bears the best testimony to the estimation 
in which his abilities and learning are held by men of 
science. Besides the honorary degree of A.M. conferred on 
him by Haverford College, he received that of Ph.D. from 
the ancient University of Heidelberg, on the occasion of its 
five hundredth anniversary. 

He has been elected member of seven learned bodies on 
this continent and in Europe, corresponding member of 
eight others, honorary member of the Belgian Society of 
Geology, Palaeontology and Hydrology, and Foreign Corre- 
spondent of the Geological Society of London. 

As might be inferred, Professor Cope's knowledge is not 
limited to his chosen field of palaeontology, but is extensive 
in the whole range of the natural sciences. 

Dr. Cope is a grandson of Thomas P. Cope, who bore so 
conspicuous a part in the origin and maintenance of the 
scliool, and the son of Alfred Cope, also for some time a 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 319 

Manager, a man of scholarly tastes, learning, public spirit 
and benevolence. 

Professor Cope's education, although liberal, was not re- 
ceived at college. After leaving the Friends' Select School 
in Philadelphia, he was instructed by private tutors, one of 
whom. Dr. Joseph Thomas, his instructor in the Classic 
languages, and one of Haverford's earliest teachers, bore 
testimony to his remarkable facility for linguistic acquire- 
ment. Most of the Professor's intellectual acquisitions, 
honors, and stores of knowledge, were the result of his own 
unaided efforts. At this writing, he occupies a professor- 
ship in the University of Pennsylvania. 

The commencement on 7th month 13, 1864, was a mem- 
orable one. The class numbered eleven, the largest, with 
one exception, ever graduated until then, and the diplomas 
were awarded for the first time from the platform of Alumni 
Hall. The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred at the 
same time on Edward D. Cope, in consideration of his scien- 
tific attainments and reputation, and he was appointed 
Professor of Natural Science. The class had entered Haver- 
ford on the eve of an unprecedented conflict of arms on 
many a bloody field — the greatest Civil War of history. 
During four years it had been sheltered by the friendly 
walls of the college, and now went out to struggle with the 
world as a better day was dawning on our country. 

The Managers, at this time of inflation in the currency 
of the country, raised the charge for board and tuition to 
the still modest sum of $350 per annum. William Weth- 
erald, of Rockwood, Canada W., a Friend who had a repu- 
tation as a strict disciplinarian, was appointed Superinten- 
dent, and Samuel J, Gummere's title was at the same time 
changed from Principal to President. 



320 HISTORY OF HAVERFORl) COLLEGE. 

Cricket began to flourish apace, and the collegians were 
no longer content with contests among themselves. Owing 
to the efforts of W. B. Broomall, a cricket team was in 
1862 brought over from Media, and defeated by the Dorian ; 
but the score of the match is, unfortunately, lost. On 
5th month 7th, 1864, Haverford played the first match 
against the University of Pennsylvania. The kindness of 
an eye-witness has furnished the following reminiscences : 
"Wistar and Vail did the bowling. The former was a 
round-arm bowler, with a good pace and very accurate, but 
rather uniform in his style, and therefore less dangerous to 
those who were accustomed to him than to those who played 
against him for the first time. Round-arm bowling was 
then by no means universal, and was very much dreaded 
by all who had had no experience with it. The rules did 
not permit the hand to be raised above the shoulder, and 
this made the ball come from a point very distant from the 
straight line between the wickets. There was either a rule, 
or perhaps only a practice with some umpires, that a bats- 
man should not be put out leg-before-wicket with this kind of 
bowling, on account of the difiiculty of determining whether 
the ball would have beea stopped if it had been pitched 
directly from one wicket to the other. A left-handed, 
round-arm bowler was peculiarly valuable in those days. 
By standing on the left side of the wicket, he could make 
his delivery fatal to all but veterans. Vail was a left- 
handed, but not a round-arm, bowler. His pace was 
medium, but he seemed to be able to put a good twist on 
the ball and pitch it wherever he pleased. In fact, there 
was great uncertainty as to what it would do after it left 
the ground, and we always played it with great caution. 
It was generally considered that the University had more 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 321 

good bowlers than we had, but their fielding was not as 
good. Their umpire was Beauveau Borie, and ours was 
Edward Starr. The game was played in the meadow, partly 
because it was not considered proper to use the ground 
upon which we practised, and partly because that ground 
(now covered by Barclay Hall) was somewhat obstructed 
by trees. . . . They (the University) gave us the 
game and surrendered their ball. In those days a ball suit- 
able to use in a match cost eight dollars. If you paid any 
less than that it was likely to come to pieces." 

Another alumnus adds to these facts the following addi- 
tional information : " I remember how exultant we were 
that we were going to play the University. I think it was 
the first inter-collegiate match for Haverford, and how ex- 
uberantly exultant we were when we won the game ! While 
hopeful before the match we were not a little anxious, for 
our eleven of that year was not so strong as it had been 
before we lost George Mellor, of '62, the best all-around 
player of my time, and Horace G. Lippincott, also of '62, 
and George M. Coates, of '63. Before that time, when the 
Dorian played with any outside club, it had been its habit 
to call into its service its old good players who had left, but 
we pluckily determined to depend on ourselves. The game 
was played down in the meadow, and we did what we could 
by rolling to make a good crease, and thought we had quite 
a presentable one. We were stronger, more athletic, more 
used to active, outdoor life, than the University fellows; 
and I think we owed our victory to our staying powers 
more than to our skill, for my recollection is that they out- 
played us at first, but got fagged before the afternoon 
was over, and did not play so carefully toward the last. 
They went to the bat first, and, darkness coming on before 

21 



322 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

their second inning was over, agreed that the game should 
be decided on the first inning, and gave us their ball. After 
the game was over we gave them a supper at Arthur's, with- 
out permission of the Faculty, which we were afraid to ask, 
and were quite sorry when President Samuel J. Gummere, 
whom we all loved and respected, came to our Senior-rooms, 
and, in his mild way, told us that out of respect to him we 
should have asked his permission to be absent from the 
evening Bible reading. A reproof from him was more 
effective than any actual punishment could have been." 
The complete score of this first game with the Universit}'- 

follows : 

University. 
First inning. Second innimj. 

J. Hoffman c. Garrett b. Vail. . . b. Wistar 1 

W. S. Armstrong c. & b. Wistar . 7 b. Ashbridge 3 

H. Magee b. Vail 22 not out ... . 5 

G. Oakman b. Ashbridge .... 2 not out 3 

C. E. Morgan (Capt.) b. Ashbridge 

C. Evans run out 3 run out 2 

S. Hays b. Wistar 

F. Beasley b. Wistar 3 b. Ashbridge 9 

J. C. Sims b. Ashbridge 4 

J. Morgan c. Cooper b. Vail ... 1 b. b. w. b. Wistar 3 

T. Mitchell not out 4 b. Wistar 

Bves 5 

Widee _9 _1 

Total 60 Total 27 

60 

Grand total 87 

Haverford. 

Kandolph Wood (Capt.) b. Hoffman 

W. Ashliridge run out 3 

A. Haviland b. Oakman 

E. L. Scull b. Oakman 

A. Garrett b. C. E. Morgan 7 

M. Longstreth b. C. E. Morgan 3 

C. C. Wistar b. Evans 24 

B. A. Vail c. Armstrong b. Magee 2 

Geo. Smitii b. w. h. Evans 12 

A. C. Thomas b. Evans 

H. M. Cooper not out 5 

Byes 20 

Leg byes . . 3 

Wides 9 

No balls J. 

Total 89 

Of this score 62 were singles. 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD, 323 

Meanwhile football was attracting attention, and we find 
in The Gem for 9tli month, 1865, an article which tells us 
much concerning it. It is worthy of quotation, and thus 
begins : "Among the various scientific and other amuse- 
ments of the students of Haverford College, none perhaps 
gives one the same amount of healthy exercise, in a given 
time, as a good, hearty game of scrub football. I speak of 
a scrub game because it is the method in which football is 
played almost entirely here ; and a regular game, although 
there is a considerable amount of benefit to be derived from 
it where it is properly played, is much too apt to exhaust 
the players so greatly that the advantage very frequently 
becomes a mere matter for speculation. Who, let me ask, 
wishes for a better amusement, after he has grubbed out 
his morning lesson with much labor, tribulation and weari- 
ness of the flesh, than to play a good game of football for 
a quarter or half an hour before the bell rings for recitations 
to begin? I consider myself safe in answering, 'No one.' 
Cricket, baseball, the gymnasium, etc., are very good in 
their way, and a considerable amount of benefit may accrue 
from their existence to the one using them; but where a 
person wants a lot of exercise, and has only a few moments 
to get it in, I'll venture he will hardly be satisfied waiting 
on the field for his turn at the bat. No, sir, he wants to play 
on the principle, ' every man for himself,' and then if he don't 
get what he is in want of, it is his own lookout : he has no 
one to blame but himself. Unless he purposely avoids it, 
he cannot remain anywhere on the football field for five 
minutes when a pair of good footballs and an enterprising 
crowd are on the same, without getting at least one oppor- 
tunity for a good kick ; and then the pride he feels when he 
has made a good catch and mount, and has been the means 



324 JIISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of fooling half a dozen or a dozen expectant hoofs drawn 
back to meet the much-longed-for and equally much-abused 
ball half way, and send it on the wings of the wind in 
some other direction ! With what zest he puts his under- 
standing in the way of some ardent but unsuspecting pur- 
suer, and with what satisfaction he sees him in the act of 
measuring five feet six inches more or less, on the soft and 
dewy sod ! 

" How kindly he reaches aloft and catches a fly-ball instead 
of putting to that trouble some one who has not the elevated 
position that he enjoys ! With what pleasure he hears it 
echo against the ribs, back or pantaloons' seat of some fellow- 
student, or go crashing madl}'' in headlong career through 
the serried stove-pipes of the alumni ! How complacently 
he plays a tattoo, with toes and heels on the shins and other 
appendages of a too eager crowd, all intently endeavoring to 
misuse and abuse the harmless and much enduring ball, 
and sees half a dozen, more or less, unfortunates shy out of 
the melee, take their seats at a distance from the scene of 
action, with a downcast and melancholy expression of coun- 
tenance, to rub their tibias and the neighboring parts. But 
the crowning pleasure of all, to our player's mind, is when 
the aforementioned alumni — stove-pipes and all — join in the 
tumultuous throng, endeavoring to reawaken the enthusiasm 
they felt in the game when they, too, were Haverford under- 
graduates, and he can, unobserved, let his hand drop with its 
entire weight on the aforementioned head-covering, there- 
by driving it incontinently over the eyes and ears of the 
unfortunate alumnus, giving him a vivid insight into the 
beauties of astronom}', and producing a most decidedly 
striking sensation." 

From the fact that Haverford is a Friends' College, and 



CIVIL WAR PERIOD. 325 

the well-established belief of Friends that war is unchris- 
tian and indefensible, it would not be expected that many of 
her sons took part even in the great conflict with the slavery 
rebellion. Nevertheless there were instances in which the 
testimony against slavery proved too strong for that against 
war, and a few in which Haverford men attained important 
rank in the army. Of these was Brigadier-General Isaac J. 
Wistar, who was early in the war Lieutenant-Colonel of 
United States Senator Baker's Regiment of California Vol- 
unteers, and when the distinguished commander fell at 
Ball's Bluff — himself severely wounded in the same dis- 
astrous engagement — became Colonel. Afterward raised to 
the rank of Brigadier, he was at one time, while in com- 
mand on the peninsula, very near effecting the capture of 
the enemy's capital, by a daring dash with his brigade, at 
a time when Richmond was weakly defended on the penin- 
sula side. At least two others held the rank of Colonel; one 
of these was James S. Perot, who commanded for a time one 
of the Corn Exchange Regiments, from Philadelphia, but 
never saw actual service ; the other was Norwood Penrose 
Hallowell, who took his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel 
of the famous Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment, under 
the brave Colonel Shaw. This was one of the first, if not 
the first, colored regiment enlisted, and service in it was a 
peculiarly dangerous service, owing to the embittered feel- 
ing of the Confederate Army toward the enlistment of 
negroes by the United States. Colonel Shaw fell in one of 
the first engagements — the courageous attack on Fort Wag- 
ner — and " Nod. Hallowell," as we called him, then raised 
and commanded the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment. 
James M. Walton, who used to be known as " Mouse," owing 
to his small size and agility when in the Preparatory School, 



326 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

also fought bravel}' as Captain on the Carolina coast. These 
were all Philadelphians, by birth and early career. There 
was also handsome " Dick" Chase, who fell by a rebel bullet 
in Tennessee, while serving in the Anderson Cavalry, just 
after he had recited to a companion some lines of Tenny- 
son, which seemed to imply a premonition of his approach- 
ing fate ; and there were others — alas ! that any of them 
should fill a soldier's grave. 



CHAPTER XII. 
GOVERNMENT AT ARM'S LENGTH, 1864-72. 

Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers, and he bears a laden breast, 
Full of sad experience. — Tennyson. 

The power to confer degrees was acquired by the Corpora- 
tion in 1856 ; but it is not by leaps and bounds that a school 
becomes a college, and the period on which it then entered 
may well bear the name of the time of transition. The at- 
mosphere of a boarding-school, swept by zephyrs of approval 
or storms of wrath from the Committee on Instruction, hung 
for long years about the college. Changes that occurred 
were in the direction of more liberty, of broader views in the 
matter of culture and academic discipline; but the reforms 
came as if of their own volition, and not through the fixed 
policy of a controlling power moving on definite lines of 
progress. Moreover, even this quiet evolutionary process 
was crossed by unfortunate disturbing causes. The war, it 
is true, sent few echoes into the peaceful walks of Haverford, 
but the effects of the war made themselves felt in many 
ways. Indeed, to one who looks at the difficulties with 
which the college was forced to contend for two decades, the 
wonder does not lie in the fact that Haverford fell into mis- 
fortunes, but rather in the vitality which enabled her to 
surmount them. An epoch of transitional adjustment is 
what we are called upon to record. 

The new year began under the most cheering auspices. 

(327) 



328 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The President, after living for two years in the college huild- 
ing, with entire cliarge of the discipline as well as of the 
business, in addition to his duties as teacher, gave over the 
government to William Wetherald, the new Superintendent, 
and took up his abode in the stone cottage not far from 
Maple Avenue. The Faculty was strengthened by the ap- 
pearance of Professor Edward D. Cope, whose appointment 
in the spring we have noted in the Department of Compara- 
tive Zoology and Botany. Clement L. Smith was still 
"Assistant Professor of Classics and Mathematics" — a wide 
range, it is true, but not exceptional for the minor colleges 
of that time. Men shipped in those days as able seamen, 
ready to " hand, reef and steer;" they were not restricted to 
pulling a single rope. Dr. Paul Swift taught "Moral, Politi- 
cal and Natural Science ;" — morals, politics, and one is fain 
to say nature, might all have learned from him something 
to their advantage. Thomas Chase did brilliant work, as of 
'old, filling the whole place with a certain academic zeal. 
Everything seemed to be ready for active development all 
along the line. Such an atmosphere of hopefulness and 
progress was the more encouraging, seeing that the war had 
reached the acutest stages of its disastrous influence on 
household life. The price of board and tuition had been 
•raised. The studies were uniform, with no margin of choice ; 
whatever else was done by such an arrangement, it certainly 
tnade the college compact in its organization. Examina- 
tions were still biennial, and were preceded by a long "private 
review." 

Other arrangements of the college economy remained as 
before. Elizabeth B. Hopkins, stately, autocratic, not with- 
out her favorites, but ruling with undisputed sway, "con- 
tinues," says the Report, " to discharge with great efficiency 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 329 

the duties of Matron." It has been the privilege of some of 
us, in earl}^ youth, to look upon this excellent lady, when 
she drove in state to make her domestic arrangements in the 
neighborhood or haply in the city. A man-servant (was he 
not called Uriah, and was he not successor of Luke Bruce, 
generally known as "Broke Loose?"), sable, dignified, com- 
petent ; a carriage, faded and something past the prime, but 
redolent of gentility; a horse, " Charlie," successor to the un- 
terrified " Jerry," now degraded to the base uses of Tommy 
Kelly, and driven in a cart — and "Charlie," too, was neither 
beauteous nor fleet; — all this, though humble of material, 
was undoubtedly in the grand style. The red-painted wooden 
gate still swung at the turnpike entrance, and to pass that 
portal unpermitted, whether to carry the gaping boot to 
Snob's, or to venture into madder currents of the great 
world in Athensville, was to heap deductions on one's head 
and risk a summons to the bar of justice. The orchard was 
in all its glory, and the cider-press worked not solely in the 
interests of college vinegar. Who does not remember the 
little kegs kept in those dingy blue cupboards of the old 
washroom? The sports were cricket and football, with 
spasms of baseball. " Ice-cream " still slumbered uninvented 
in the brain of its founder, great King, of '69, as yet a strip- 
ling in the pines of Carolina. "Boll " Kay had just come, 
and was entering on his memorable career : as yet he only 
made gas, a sad waste of his abilities; later came the spliced 
cricket-bats, the croquet mallets, and the long catalogue of 
his useful manufactures. 

Moreover, there was Alumni Hall. How pagan and 
worldly it looked ! How proud we were of our " Chapel," as 
a lady called it, who first saw it from the Haverford Road, 
and asked her companion how long it was since the Episco- 



330 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

palians had bought the college? But our pride in the ex- 
terior was nothing to the sense of progress which filled our 
hearts when we saw and enjoyed the interior. How pleasant 
to sit in the library, with a cheery fire in the open grate at 
one's feet, and the shelves all about one — to have De Quincey 
or Carlyle for the mere stretching out of one's hand ; pleasant 
withal to muse, in the interval of two brave sentences, on 
the infelicities of the old-time reader, on the poor den which 
held the college library, or the little box where the Loganian 
custodian used to deal out lighter literature at noon of 
Seventh day. Seriously, this matter of a library where one 
could "read through the fingers, " as Coleridge says, taking 
down book after book, lingering, leaving, returning as one 
pleased, instead of the week spent over a single volume 
laboriously selected by catalogue — this was progress of the 
first order, and more than anything else made for the repu- 
tation of Haverford College as a place where students ac- 
quired sound notions of literature. 

This reputation still holds in places whither old Haver- 
fordians have brought the love of books ; but, at the present 
writing, a zeal for " departments," the necessity for procuring 
special treatises, and other causes, have sadly marred the 
workings of our library in regions of poetical, critical and 
miscellaneous literature. The fire burns no longer in the 
grate, and the generous marble of the fireplace feels no more 
slippered feet at forbidden altitudes ; steam from the 
machine-shop — fatal and hideous symbol — warms the room, 
and men throng the alcoves of biology or chemistr}'^ ; and 
the Philistines are upon thee, good old librar}'^ ! Of what 
use is an open grate, save to waste coal ; and of what use is 
poetry or criticism but to waste time ? 

The Faculty, however, did not intend in all respects to 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 331 

stand upon those "old ways" which the prophet Jeremias 
assures us are " the best." In the matter of tests for scholar- 
ship they decided to follow the lead of other colleges ; and 
early in this autumn of 1864 they recommended the substi- 
tution of annual for biennial examinations. The Managers 
were not yet willing to make the change ; whereupon the 
Faculty revised its whole plan of grading, and organized a 
system of marks for daily recitations. Further evidence of the 
eminently conservative character of the Managers' legisla- 
tion is their message to the Faculty, recommending that " no 
Freshman or Sophomore shall sit up later than nine o'clock 
at night, and no student whatsoever later than ten." Fur- 
thermore, the same Managers, through their Committee 
on Instruction, sent certain elaborate rules for the guidance 
of the Senior Class, in the exercise of this slender range of 
privileges. The so-called " secret" societies — the Athenaeum 
and Everett — cause much concern to the Board, and that 
body is at one time fain to legislate the two associations 
out of existence. The Faculty interposes, and comes to the 
rescue with a simple set of rules, which the societies are 
bound to observe, and so the awful mysteries of the mathe- 
matical room or the old collecting-room proceed through 
their ancient and emulous round. We need not delay to 
mention those minor troubles which eclipsed the gayety of 
Sophomores, nor the detection of Freshmen in such crimes 
as the cutting of a bench, with the fine of fifty cents imposed 
by unanimous vote of the Faculty. We must proceed to 
chronicle the great disciplinary crisis of which sundry hints 
and echoes linger in the Faculty minutes of 10th month 19th 
and 21st, 1864. But how little these puny records tell us 
of the great convulsions — how little we see of the mighty 
struggles of the Superintendent, of the notes and messages 



332 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

sent hurrying to the city, of Managers speeding swiftly to the 
coUesfe — this one from his dinner-table, that one from his 
office^of the great conclave, Managers and Faculty in full 
otficial solemnity, of the twenty-seven Sophomores ushered, 
one after the other, singly, into the multiplex presence, and 
there put upon the witness-chair to answer a converging fire 
of questions — how little, indeed, do the slender records tell 
us of this intrepid combination to discover who threw the 
apple that hit a professor in the study-room, and who had 
sown the seeds of that general refusal to take notes of a 
certain lecture ! " What was it all about ?" is a question 
which the historian, baffled by his meagre and confused 
materials, is unable to answer in any' satisfactory way ; but 
it was doubtless a famous victory for the Superintendent — a 
barren victory, to be sure, seeing that it went far to cut 
down the twenty-seven Sophomores to the fourteen Juniors 
of the ensuing autumn — but none the less a triumph for the 
friends of order. Throughout the year these unpleasant 
outbreaks tell a tale of harshness on one side and discon- 
tent on the other ; evidently, with all his excellent traits of 
character, the minister of internal affairs was not a persona 
grata among the students. 

It was another sort of meeting, of which no record is 
made upon the books, when Faculty and students bent joy- 
less steps into the collecting-room one April morning, and 
the President read in solemn tones the Psalm beginning 
" Fret not thyself because of evil-doers," and venerable Dr. 
Swift stood up to speak of shadowy crimes which had lurked 
in our older political annals, and Chase and the others 
spoke out more passionate grief, and the rows of silent youth 
felt pressing about them the heavy omens of the death of 
Lincoln. Different, too, was this from the jubilation a few 



GOVERNMENT AT ARm's LENGTH. 333 

days before, when tar-barrels blazed in the North Grove, 
and on the unsteady platform young orators roared patriot- 
ism, and hoarse throats cheered them to the echo, because 
Richmond had fallen. When, a little later, the corpse of 
the murdered President was brought along the railroad, 
students — unblamed, one is fain to believe, of Faculty or 
Managers — had draped in heavy black hangings that gro- 
tesque little box which served for a station, and the under- 
graduates stood there with bared heads as the funeral train 
went by. 

So passed the year, closing in the shadow of great events ; 
the reconstruction of the South opening on the country as 
a problem of the first magnitude, and in our little corner 
of the land another task of reconstruction busying honest 
brains that had to solve the problem how to make a genuine 
college of this heterogeneous material. But at least one 
sign of good augury cheers us as the year goes out. The 
Faculty refuse to recommend for the master's degree a per- 
son who offers a thesis which they deem below the standard ; 
and they affirm their doctrine " that high merit sliould be 
demanded in the dissertations themselves, independent of 
our conviction of the fitness of the applicant to receive the 
degree." Brave words, Faculty ! Your trumpet gives no 
uncertain sound in this regard, and that, too, at a time 
when the colleges of the country, with not so many excep- 
tions, were bestowing the once honored and honorable degree 
on any graduate who could wait three years and pay cash. 
In 1869 a somewhat diff'erent test found the same rugged 
virtue, the same jealousy for the honor of a Haverford de- 
gree. Two Englishmen, with an appalling list of qualifica- 
tions and backed by certain high and mighty friends, apply 
for the degree of LL.D. Each of the candidates has done a 



334 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

bit of literary work ; excuses and rewards are both forth- 
coming ; but the Faculty, greatly to its honor, simply holds 
to its invariable rule " that no honorary degree shall be rec- 
ommended to be granted on personal application." 

A pleasant incident about this time was the presentation 
to the library, by certain members of Flounders Institute, 
Ackworth, England, of a copy of the " Codex Sinaiticus," the 
earliest known MS. of the New Testament, printed in fac- 
simile by order of the Czar, in 1862. This was followed a 
little later by the gift of a fac-simile of the " Codex Vaticanus," 
by J. Bevan Braithwaite. 

Auspicious in its beginning, stormy in its progress, the 
year 1865 closed ohne Sang und Klang, and with its lapse 
Dr. Paul Swift and Elizabeth Hopkins severed their long 
and honorable connection with the college. Dr. Swift, who 
probably resigned because conscious that his powers were 
weakening, died in the following year. Dignity, the flavor 
of old times, of statelier manners and more formal ways, 
marked their walk and conversation. With their departure 
Haverford grew modern ; prosperity may visit her borders 
as never before ; but in vain shall we look for " the grace of 
a day that is dead," and expect to see, except in dreams, the 
Haverford of Charles Yarnall, memorable and courtly man ; 
of Paul Swift, teacher ; of Elizabeth Hopkins, the matron 
by divine right: howbeit, there are many of us who are 
glad that our recollection stretches back so far. 

It will be remembered that we walked very lightly over 
the pitfalls of that disciplinary crisis, and left the whole mat- 
ter to the capable hands of the Committee on Instruction, 
whom we saw hurrying o'er the stony streets on their way to 
Haverford. The discipline of the past year certainly left 
something to be desired; but we must not consider it too 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 335 

curiously. A more ambitious writer might describe it in 
terms of a shipwreck, and brush up a line or two of his 
"jEneid," to tell how many souls went down into the deeps 
of expulsion or suspension or withdrawal, and how, when the 
autumn term began, a few appeared swimming in the vasty 
sea — only two Seniors, but fourteen Juniors out of the 
twenty-seven that set sail, thirteen Sophomores, and just 
eight Freshmen — a pitiful thirty-seven in all ! Still, the 
quality was good. One of these two Seniors is now head of 
his department in the Johns Hopkins University. The 
fourteen Juniors wxre known as the class of '67 ; and their 
leader of that day now conducts, in gay defiance of a 
heavy handicap from fortune, one of the best and most 
successful schools in the whole country. Do not laugh at 
the eight Freshmen, either : that is the beginning of '69 — 
as fine a class as Haverford ever saw. Sursum corda, ye 
thirty-seven, and we shall make history yet ! 

Old faces are gone, too, besides these that are mentioned. 
Thomas Kimber, the elder, had died, and a minute of the 
Board, 8th mo. 15, 1864, suitably records his connection with 
Haverford from its beginning, and the valuable services 
which he rendered to it. Professor C. L. Smith has gone to 
Gottingen ; but there is a new man in his place, Jolm H. 
Dillingham, a Harvard graduate, who has taken the colle- 
giate prize in Greek, and otherwise distinguished himself 
as a self-denying, successful student. Toward the middle of 
the year, William Wetherald, the Superintendent, also goes 
his way ; and the new tutor, J. H. Dillingham, reigns in his 
stead. The President, Samuel J. Gummere, who had received 
the honorary degree of M.A. from Brown University, resumes 
charge of the books and accounts. The new matron is 
Edith Collins. 



336 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Faculty and the thirty-seven, meanwhile, intend to take 
all steps forward. The former secures the adoption of its 
rejected proposal, and from this year annual examinations 
are substituted for the ancient biennial ; this was done in 
the spring of 1866. Already in the Fall of 1865 another 
great innovation had been made, and the study of modern 
languages now formed a part of the required course in 
Haverford College. As for the thirty-seven, did they not 
organize a good cricket eleven and boldly grapple with the 
newly formed Merion Club? Unfortunately, there were 
more serious adventures: in the course of the winter a gas- 
meter under the stairs, by the dining-room, exploded and 
injured several students. Still it was a good year, and all 
did good work. The Report of the Managers, written in 
4th month, 1866, while it mentions the reduced number of 
students, maintains a cheerful tone. A thesis is received 
from Joseph G. Pinkham, a graduate of the class of '63, and 
is found to be a most admirable piece of work ; indeed its 
merits would find recognition even in these days, when the 
spectre of Original Research has stalked into our very kin- 
dergarten. In short, the year was active, and not without 
decided marks of progress. 

In this progress, cricket had its share. An essay written 
in the autumn of '65 gives us a charming insight into the 
condition of the game at this time. Modern bowlers will 
read the following sentences with amusement : 

" It used to be a matter of wonder how the batsman never 
seemed to make any great exertion ; the ball seemed to hit 
the bat, then dart away to some distant part of the field with 
lightning speed, while the batsman just seemed to meet it 
with his bat. Wonderful it was until we learned that play 
in cricket did not consist in letting drive furiously at the 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 337 

ball, as if to drive it beyond the bound of vision; that a 
good position of the bat had much to do with its direction 
and speed. Nor does bowling consist merely in delivering 
a ball so that it will if uninterrupted strike the wicket. 
The use of it is this : the closer a ball strikes to the batsman 
before it rises, the less time he has to judge it, without 
which he cannot play freely. The spin on the ball causes 
it to rise much quicker than it would otherwise do, and this 
enables it to strike closer to the bat." 

It was in the spring of '66 that Merion played its maiden 
game against Haverford. The match was played on the 
former club's old ground, and the Dorian bowlers were L. 
Haines, of '69, and W. T. Dorsey, of '67. These underhand 
twirlers were pitted against the fast round-arm of R. Wil- 
liams, whose, to them, peculiar bowling, combined with the 
effects of a bowl of claret-punch, worked the defeat of 
Haverford's representatives. 

The March number of The Gem for 1869 speaks thus of 
this game : " One fine Saturday afternoon in early summer, 
about two years ago, the first eleven of Dorian might have 
been seen treading the pike with firm and confident foot- 
steps. Armed with many bats and balls, gloves, pads, etc., 
they were indeed a formidable-looking band. Alas ! ere night 
cast its mantle on the silent earth, how changed was their 
aspect ! The fiery dart of the eye, expecting an easy and cer- 
tain victory, was replaced by the determined and downcast 
looks of defeat ; the warlike tramp was replaced by the strag- 
gling shuffle of a retreating army. On every side were the 
signs of a battle fought and lost. Thus did the Dorian ap- 
pear after their match with the Merion." 

Once more did these rivals meet, and, alas ! with the same 
success. This second game was played in the autumn of 

22 



338 HISTOKY OF HAVIiKFORD COLLEC4E. 

'66. The Dorian scored 45 and 39 ; Merion 50 and 37 for 6 
wickets. No one on either side reached double figures, 
though the extras footed up to 26 for Haverford and 32 for 
Merion, the Dorian presenting their opponents with 12 wides 
in the first inning. It was in this game that Howard Com- 
fort made that famous seven hit, so indicative of the prow- 
ess of our predecessors. 

" But, lo ! the scene changes ; now the banner of the Dorian 
is seen above the smoke of battle, clear and victorious; the 
Merion conquered and driven from the field, the Sopho- 
mores" (a mistake) " of the University, the Young America, 
Germantown, and finally the University itself are forced to 
yield to the superior prowess of the Dorian." 

Indeed, the spring of '67 was a very successful one. With 
it begins the second period in the histor}'^ of Haverford 
cricket. Flannel uniforms made their appearance. Here- 
after a team was organized each 3^ear, and a series of matches 
played. Cricket became the acknowledged spring game, a 
position it has ever since maintained. It is, of course, im- 
possible to describe in detail the many games played, and 
we must content ourselves with a glance at its varying sea- 
sons of prosperity and adversity. Great games there have 
been, over the memory of which we may longer pause. 

These were the days when, as has been remarked, the 
ability of a fielder to hunt in the long grass, and plunge into 
the creek after a ball, was as highly prized as is a quick 
pick-up and accurate return to-day. 

Haverford cricket and Haverford cricketers ranked high 
by this time in the estimation of the college, as an essay 
in The Gem of this autumn clearly shows. It is entitled 
" Remarks on Haverford College," and speaks thus of the 
new student : " Soon he discovers that his studies are not 



(JOVEKNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 339 

very difficult, and instead of having to study so hard he has 
plenty of time on his hands, and in most cases he disposes 
of it on the cricket-field ; this he does day after day, and 
finally he becomes such a good player of the game as to be 
put on the first eleven of the Dorian Cricket Club. Then 
what honors will attend him ! In a match with some other 
club, down go the enemies' stumps, or he may make a drive 
for six, and then what a swelling he feels within him ! " 

Another essay in The Bud of this year, entitled " Our 
National Game," tells us that "a little excitement helps 
the baseball player ; he is nerved (especially if his Betsy 
Jane is present) to make difficult catches, and when his turn 
comes at the bat, to send the ball far over the fielders' heads. 
But if the cricketer should become excited, and thinks 
more of making a good score suddenly than of patient and 
careful playing, he is very apt to swipe at a ball which 
coolly takes his wicket." Then comes a mournful remark 
about the rival game, " Here at Haverford, where so many 
have 'cricket on the brain,' is spirit and care in baseball 
wanted, and I see little hope of improvement." i 

Vague traditions are afloat concerning an invention of 
this time. It occurred to some genius that a very de- 
sirable object would be attained if the cricket ball could 
be made to strike in the same place at will. A catapult was 
therefore thought of, which by careful manipulation could 
be made to bowl on any spot, and thus the practising of 
driving, cutting, forward playing, etc., be greatly facilitated. 
But the plan came to naught: the catapult refused to work. 
Nonetheless, Haverford cricket continued to triumph. 

Another year brings even better omens. There are eight- 
een new students entering in the Fall of 1866, five of them 
Sophomores. Moreover, think that '67, '69 and '70, classes of 



340 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

peculiar ability, are all in college together. With such a 
combination what things are not within our reach ? In- 
deed, one fact is soon evident; in the way of discipline, this 
year has a fine record, and is singularly free from internal 
troubles. The report of the Managers for the year remarks: 
" It is believed that in many important particulars, the col- 
lege has rarely, if ever, been in a more satisfactory condition 
than at present. A steady effort is maintained to keep the 
standard of thoroughness in the instruction up to the highest 
point, and in all respects to keep pace with what is valuable 
in the progress of the age in literary and scientific pursuits. 
The discipline of the college is in a satisfactor}?' and whole- 
some condition." 

Small matters claim the attention of the Faculty — " eating 
of nuts and fruit in the library," and the "assuming" of 
" indecorous attitudes. " It is gratifying to learn that proper 
legislation on these matters was effected early in the winter 
term. Similarly trivial concerns fill the Faculty records 
throughout the year, indicating that happy course of life 
which makes almanacs rather than history. Modern 
students could hardly conceive what a ripple was made on 
the surface of the college existence when the Sophomores of 
that year were allowed, as a special mark of favor, to go to 
Philadelphia and sit for a class photograph — provided an 
officer should accompany them. Some of us remember how 
these innocent trips contributed to academic hilarity. In 
those old days there was always something rakish and allur- 
ing in an expedition to the city. Even the serious young 
man from the West — the Great West — would cock his hat 
and smile roguishly to liimself as he set out — he felt himself 
such a man of the world. In other respects this year is not 
unlike its })redecessor. Charles Yarnall, the veteran Secre- 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM'S LENGTH. 341 

tary of the Board of Managers, resigned his place to younger 
hands. Owing to illness, Professor Cope was forced to with- 
draw from active instruction, and at the opening of the 
second term his place was taken by Albert R. Leeds, since 
Professor at Stevens' Institute, Hoboken. A new feature, in 
addition to the regular required work in Modern Languages, 
is the announcement of the Catalogue that instruction is 
offered, to those who desire it, in " Italian, Spanish and He- 
brew." This department, however, does not seem to have 
been unduly crowded. Again, we find a new required study 
announced for this year — Anglo-Saxon — it is put down for 
the Sophomores. Seeing that a college president, many 
years after the date of which we write, named Anglo-Saxon 
along with Icelandic and Quaternions, as " an intellectual 
luxury," it is safe to say that here, as elsewhere, Haverford 
showed a gratifying tendency to lead rather than follow 
in the paths of scholarly progress. Haverford did not, like 
so many colleges of the day, enforce by precept and ex- 
ample that doctrine which Skeat has so happily defined as 
" the belief that it is the business of everybody's neighbor to 
know something of early English." Not only study : there 
was brave reading. Many books were this year added to 
the store of the college ; while the Loganian Society con- 
tinued to supply that poetical and critical literature which 
is spread across the northern end of our library. The buy- 
ing of these books was twice blessed : it blessed the committee 
that selected, and the wider throng that read. The names 
of these books are an abiding memorial of the good taste 
and sound and critical sense of the young men who acted as 
" purveyors " to the collegiate appetite for reading. Nor 
are we to feel any less pride in the literary work of the 
students, as shown in The Collegian, The Bud, or The Gem. 



342 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

(" Collegian," to be sure, is good ; but it was depressing to 
write for such meaningless and tinsel names as the other 
two. Wh}^ not have said outright " Friendship's Garland," 
and "Duty's Offering?"; 

Manuscript work always looks amateurish, and print 
saves many a reputation that handwriting would have 
lost ; but even through the boyish scrawl or the character- 
less monotony of the would-be copperplate, one catches a 
genuine hint of Arcadia. From the western windows of 
Alumni Hall there are fine bits of landscape; and here and 
there some Senior has set down a record of his glimpses from 
the neighboring library. Often enough it is only the con- 
ventional Arcadian scene ; niaiserie of criticism in the harm- 
less sense, shallow thinking on deep subjects, or a desperate 
bit of rhyming. Odes of Horace are done into a halting, 
stuttering English, that makes one feel afresh the true great- 
ness of the Roman; and poor Heinrich Heine's "Lorelei" is 
stretched upon a rack of agony, which causes her creator's 
" mattress-grave " in Paris to seem by contrast the couch of a 
Sybarite. These things are inevitable. But there are better 
signs of the intellectual life. There is a paper on " English 
Metres" running through three numbers of The Collegian 
for 1804-65, which, in its sympathetic touch, its thorough- 
ness, its grasp of the subject, merits decided praise. This 
is by a student. A member of the Faculty contributes from 
time to time articles, either on current topics or else of a 
retrospective nature. "The Late War in Europe" is one 
sort, "Recollections of American Orators" is another, in 
which one hardly knows whether the lucid style or the 
clear thinking is more to be admired. Another member of 
the Faculty — the inimitable neatness of his handwriting 
betrays him — contributes now and then some genuine bits 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM S LENGTH. 



M3 



of fun. An essay on " Hats," sent as correspondence from 
" Manhattan," called out great laughter and applause when 
it was read to the amiable gathering — professors' wives on 
the side bench, Faculty and graver members on the Fresh- 
man seats, and looser gentry gathered in the unwonted free- 
dom of the upper rows. The writer waxes violent against 
hats, thinks them the offspring of vanity, and finds that the 




CLASSICAL RECITATION-ROOM. 



"Greek and Roman word for hat is derived from Treravvv/ML, 
to expand or swell;" hence the vanity of the stove-pipe. 
Also it was a tight silk hat that made Cicero cry out 
"0 temporal mores!" — "0 my temples! O more ease!" 
We laughed at these things, gentlemen of to-day, and maybe 
you think us easily pleased. " In dress a hat goes a great 
way, especially on a windy day." You do not smile, per- 



344 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

haps, at tliat? We roared. And it please you, too, we 
would not exchange our liberal gayety for this dyspeptic 
simper now in fashion. But The Collegian had more solid 
fare. "Is a man bound to obey laws which conflict with 
conscience ?" There is a subject for thee, " man of morals !" 
Or, not as a problem, but in the categorical imperative, we 
.have "Do the Right," three stanzas of it in beautiful hand- 
writing and intricate metre. "The Originality of Genius," 
"Fact and Fiction," " True Chivalry," "Means of Navi- 
gation," all in a little month! Here, as somebody ob- 
serves in Dickens, " Here's richness !" Nor do we fail to 
find a hint of that spirit which betakes itself to written 
words, not because it will, but because it must, of that spirit 
which may sin a hundred times and ways against every law 
of composition, and yet is sure of our pardon, quia multum 
amavit. Something of this spirit seems to lurk in certain 
verses on the " Brevity of Life," from the Spanish. The 
title is suspicious; the thought, the suggestion, the expe- 
rience, all are meagre enough ; the style is conventional ; 
but we feel like reading the lines again, and there is fire 
in them. Has the fire gone out by this time, or is it 
gathering fuel, or what of it ? Who is " Olen," the maker? 
Has he joined the great march of which he sings? — 

Where, gentle Spring, are all thy brilliant floweis? 

Thy golden fruits, say, ardent Summer, where? 
What hand has rohl)ed the favored Autumn bowers 
Of gifts so fair? 

Gone are they, with their varied beauty, hiding 

In nothing's deep abyss tlieir wealth and sheen ; 
The seasons and their dearest tribute gliding 
Almost unseen. 

Come back, " Olen," whoever thou art, and, as the angel 
said to Ca3draon, sing us something ! By this time it should 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 345 

be worth the hearing. Another of these metrical gentle- 
men has a sonnet to Whittier, which begins almost in the 
same manner — 

He thundered at Oppression's castle-gate, 

As fearless as the truth is and as strong, 
Till all the ancient battlements of wrong 

Trembled as though they heard the voice of fate. 

The rest is silence ; howbeit the beginning is very brave. 
The poet signs himself " Echo." What is it in the opening 
lines which applauds the selection ? But this is to consider 
too curiously. No, we cannot, after all, make very much of 
these higher flights; the wings flutter in very obvious imi- 
tation, and fail to give us that sense of freshness which, for 
good or ill, our sad world is always demanding in literary 
work. For this reason we shall make only one complete 
selection out of these pages, not from the grand old masters, 
— say the Faculty — not from the bards sublime, like 
" Olen " and " Echo," but rather from a writer who knew 
precisely what he had to say, and said it with a genial 
audacity that warms an old Haverfordian to the roots of his 
heart. Notice the fine freedom of the narration, the rollick- 
ing independence of style and metre ! And then the sub- 
ject ! The Dorians, the first eleven of the college, have 
beaten the Merion First by one of those scores that they 
were wont to roll up in the late sixties. Let our bard tell 
the story in his perfervid lines. If it is not as Homeric an 
affair as hath ever yet been writ down, then may we never 
more taste Shanghai. 

Merion C. C.'s Defeat by the Dorian C. C. 

Last autumn, when the days were long. 

And we were well on practice bent, 
The Merion thought our strength was shorn 

And a proud challenge to us sent. 



)4() HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

So up they came, triumphant quite, 

Thinking now they'd liave some fun ; 
But tliough hearts were bold and hopes were Ijriglit, 
Mistaken yontlis I tliey were outdone. 

The captains tossed the penny ; 

The Merion won and sent us in, 
Not thinking we'd make many ; 

But a game's lost by a spin. 

The bowler bared his brawny arm, 
As thro' us he would send alarm ; 

The umpire cried — " .4// Ready f " 
Our captain to his men said " Steady !' 

The bowler, tongue in cheek, and 1 all in hand, 
Took six crooked steps, and then a stand. 

As if he'd shake the very land. 

And tried to burst his cricket band. 

Oh, how our wickets fell at first ! 

And hard it was our fears to quell ; 
But with our captain doubts dispersed, 

For then our runs began to tell. 

The Merion then went in, and out. 

For Congdon, our captain, he did bowl. 

Who is indeed a strong redoubt 

When in the game he puts his soul. 

For quick as lightning went the ball ; 

Down fell their wickets like grass ; 
As 'fore a whirlwind boweth all, 

They bowed before the Dorian blast. 

The Dorian springs to the bat once more, 

And it did credit to its fame. 
It played as I hope 'twill play evermore, 

And come out winner all the same. 

" Quick, field that ball, you rascal — fly ! " 
For Comfort had sent one over the run ; 
It shot like an arrow against the sky, 
Lit u}) by a gleam of the setting sun. 

" A four-hit ! Ah, how hard the Dorians die ! 
Ah me ! will they ever all get out ?" 
And the bowler gives a weary sigh : — 
" Another four ? Oh, how they shout ! " 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 347 

At last the glorious game is done ; 

Then gather round the tired eleven. 
Their score stands at but seventy-one, 

And we have beaten — by ninety-seven. 

The Merion captain, with downcast eyes, 
Presents the conquered ball, then cries : 
'' Three cheers for the Dorian ! Hip-hip hurrah ! " 

And we cheer the Merion three times — " Iluzzah ! " 

For thus was ended a ivinsome game ; 

But if they challenge us once more. 
Let us trust their fate will be the same, 

And again we'll beat them, as of yore. 

That is certainly as fine a ballad as " Johnnie Armstrong," 
or any of them. It keeps its eye on the object, and that, 
as Matthew Arnold tells us, is the main thing; besides, 
apart from its high intrinsic merit, does it not make the old 
Haverfordian forget the fugacious years that part him from 
his prime, and cause him to say with Sir Philip Sidney, that 
his heart is " moved more than with a trumpet." 

The minutes of the Managers for the next year were filled 
with measures of economy. Refined petroleum was substi- 
tuted for lighting gas ; the annual charge was again raised, 
this time to $375 ; washing was charged extra ; stationery 
at retail prices. The Board objected to Class Day exercises, 
regarding the commencement performances as " sufficient." 

When '67 took its leave, although many strong men went 
with it, matters continued to run smoothly, and the auspices 
were good. The Managers tell the Faculty that the con- 
dition of the college is " hopeful and gratifying." A minute 
of the Faculty rejoices in " the present happy exemption 
of the college from partial students." Henry Hartshorne, 
M.D., an old graduate, a warm friend of the college and 
long a member of the Board of Managers, is made Pro- 
fessor of Organic Science and Philosophy. As his time is 



318 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

still, to some extent, engaged elsewhere, Albert R. Leeds 
continues to give instruction in chemistry. The late Sopho- 
mores have gained two in number for their Junior year — a 
pleasant contrast to the usual losses. It is with this year 
that the cricket eleven surpassed all previous records. The 
Faculty minutes of 9th month 12th, 1867, announce that 
all the students are present except Congdon, " who is on his 
way from England ; " and they might have added, " with a 
choice experience in cricketing." He had seen professional 
playing, was bringing back fresh ideas, and soon gave a 
new tone to the game at Haverford. Indeed, to see Haver- 
ford cricket in those days was worth a long journey ; op- 
ponents went down before our attack like ripe grain; the 
University and the Merion were alike unable to handle our 
bowling or to perplex our batsmen. D. F. Rose, of 70, sec- 
onded Congdon with the ball, and, when in good form, had 
a pace up to that time unknown at Haverford. It will be 
remembered that when outside matches were revived, both 
our bowlers against the Merion eleven — L. Haines, of '69, and 
W. T. Dorsey, of '67 — knew only the ancient underhand de- 
livery. Against Haverford was the fast round-arm of R. 
Williams, and we were beaten b}^ it — and by certain other 
causes long held in memory. Then Congdon learned the 
new^ art ; and finally in Rose we had a bowler born as well 
as made. Among the Freshmen ('71) J. Hartshorne was 
already a cricketer ; and R. Winslow soon showed us where 
to look for a successor to Rose. Indeed, the Freshmen had 
their own eleven, and in the spring of 1868 played several 
smaller clubs of Philadelphia. For the rest, H, Cope did 
good work in the slips ; the graceful and vigorous driving of 
C. Wood ('70) is already immortalized in the ballad just 
given. But let the graver muse pause a moment to chron- 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 349 

icle " Pan's " great hit for seven ; they bowled him a short- 
hop to leg, and he lifted it sheer out of the old crease in the 
meadow, across and over both fences of Haverford Road ; 
seven runs it netted and was a famous whack. Soon after 
that the Club moved up to its present grounds, then much 
smaller by reason of the garden hedge. What days those 
were! In long afternoons of May to watch the shadows 
falling over the turf, alternating with wide strips of sunlight ; 
to see the loiterers drifting up to the iron bench under the 
maples, and the players alert in the field ; to hear the sharp 
click of the bat, the shout, the laugh — fine sights these and 
fine sounds. But to be in it, and of it ; to feel the spring of 
your bat as the ball flew off", skimming the short turf in 
cleanest fashion, good for two surely, and if you put the last 
pound of pressure on your legs, a safe three — this was the 
quintessence of mortal bliss. Tell men of that day about 
their laziness in college, they smile ; tell of wasted oppor- 
tunities, of evil behavior to instructors, of general unworthi- 
ness, they reck not; but forget to chronicle them among 
the cricketers, among them that fought for Haverford be- 
tween the wickets, and you shall straightway witness a 
noble rage. 

Cricket was not the only game. This same autumn of 
1867 a baseball nine came over from Westtown and played 
our nine a match, in which the score and the excitement 
were equally tremendous, Haverford winning by 44-43 ! 
This was in the Westtown vacation. Early in November 
our nine asks the Faculty for leave to play a return match at 
Westtown — but in vain. Baseball, however, was kept in 
its place. It is very pleasant to find next spring a stern 
refusal from the Faculty in answer to a petition for leave to 
subscribe to The Baseball Players' Chronicle. Thanks, good 



350 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

Facult}' ! It must have been somewhere about this time, 
moreover, that King and certain other kindred spirits in- 
vented the game of " Ice-Cream." The origin of the name 
is buried in gloom. But, fortunately, although it is now 
forgotten at Haverford, and though bushes spread sadly on 
the crease by the old arch, and not one of Boll's bats is 
left — even in the museum — nevertheless Ice-Cream, the 
comprehensive and simple game of Fall and winter and 
early spring, keeps an eternal youth in the memory and 
the record of its patrons. It is purely a Haverfordian pro- 
duction. It ministered to our gayety, our health, our profi- 
ciency in cricket. A game of Haverfordians, by Haver- 
fordians, and for Haverfordians, it merits a conspicuous 
place in Haverford history. The genesis of the game is not 
hard to describe. Certain men of '69 and other classes, 
mostly from the tribe of Them-that-Dig, being convinced of 
the need of active exercise, but jealous of the time demanded 
by cricket, and mindful, too, of its long winter sleep, set 
about the invention of a game that could even bid defiance 
to a light snow\ They procured a solid rubber-ball ; ob- 
tained from Boll a pine bat, in one piece, flattened slightly 
in the lower half, and looking like the missing link betwixt 
baseball and cricket ; took solemn possession of the ground 
between the old carpenter shop and a board fence ; placed 
against the board fence three sticks, in manner of a wicket, 
and were ready. The bowler sent his ball as fast as he 
could (underhand) with intent of hitting the wicket. The 
batsman struck the ball, and ran to the carpenter shop, 
touching the closed shutters with his bat, A third man in 
the field threw the ball at the said shutters ; if he anticipated 
the batsman, and aimed well, the latter was out, and the 
bowler went in, batsman took the field, and third man went 



GOVERNMENT AT ARm's LENGTH. 351 

to bow]. That was all. What fun they got out of it in the 
cold afternoons ! How rapid and simple and full of genial 
racket it all was ! In a year or so there were Ice-Cream 
creases against all good blind walls — both sides of the old 
arch, for example — and now the very name of it has van- 
ished utterly from the ways of Haverford. 

But let the pendulum swing back to the intellectual side 
of college life. Science had its votaries; and a later writer 
in The Student records that the meteoric showers of 1867-8 
" were observed with a great deal of interest by the Junior 
and Senior Classes at Haverford, and a large number of 
meteors were mapped." In the winter of this year, 
Everett's collection of books was moved to the public li- 
brary, but not all. Who does not remember the two closets 
near the mathematical class-room, in which the societies 
kept their alleged " archives " — in reality a mass of novels ? 
After the proper and sedate volumes of travels, the essay, 
the poem, had been carried out to Alumni Hall, there re- 
mained this surreptitious hoard. Just the same state of 
things held in the Athenaeum archives. We were not sup- 
posed to lend our books to members of the other society, 
but we did it. Athenaeum men traded " Midshipman 
Easy " for " Guy Livingstone," and the Everett youth had 
" Tom Jones " to barter for " Pickwick." But infinite pains 
against detection, my masters ! These " archives " were 
suppressed a few years later; but during their active career 
they were most industriously studied. Shall w^e connect 
with these archives a mysterious rule of the Faculty, ful- 
minated 6th month 22d, 1868 : " No student shall keep his 
desk-cover raised unnecessarily during study hours ? " It 
was a rule for Private Review — that dreadful bore — three 
hours at a stretch in the lazy June mornings ; and we re- 



60Z HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

collect that these desk-covers shaded many a " Nickleby " 
or " Vanity Fair," where the book was supposed to be 
'' Analytical Geometry " or " Paley." Such shadows do we 
pursue. 

Discipline holds mild sway during this year. A triumph 
of liberal ideas may be noted in a resolution passed by joint 
vote of Managers and Faculty, in which the old bounds 
are abolished, so far as walks are concerned, although the 
rule against entering any house, or the like, still holds as 
before. Moreover, as the Facult}' points out, the permission 
expires with sunset. Two students are caught in the act of 
attendance at a dancing-class, and are sorrowfully but 
sternly dealt with. But these are slight ripples. Pleasant, 
finally, is it to notice, near the close of the year, an anony- 
mous gift to the corporation of $5,000. Honor to the man 
whose faith in Haverford took such unquestionable shape ! 
A year later, Ann Haines left $3,000 to the college — the 
income of the fund to be applied to the increase of the pro- 
fessors' salaries; so that each of the four had $50 added to 
his annual compensation. Encouraged by these gifts, the 
Managers appointed a committee to endeavor to increase the 
endowment and pay off the debt — the old, old story. 

The new year, 1868-69, opened well. It is curious that 
the four classes now in college contributed an average of 
thirteen graduates each to the alumni list — fifty-two in all : 
'69 gave twelve, 70 and 71 each thirteen, and 72 fourteen. 
The Faculty was unchanged, although a new department, 
" Moral and Political Science," was created and assigned to 
Professor Dillingham. One of the first ofhcial acts of the 
Faculty was to assign the " Senior-room " on the usual con- 
dition. " The door," say the Managers, who made the ar- 
rangement with painful minuteness of detail, " is to be with- 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH, 353 

out ineans of fastening, except its ordinary latch." Very 
good, gentlemen ! Did ye never hear, perchance, of a lead- 
pencil thrust just above the latch, answering all purposes? 
Our worthy Superintendent, at least, gathered some expe- 
rience from that device. The Senior-room, by the way, 
surely deserves a line or two from our vate sacro. The three 
lower classes sat in the old study-room — a fairly pleasant 
hall, with the double row of windows — Freshmen grouped 
about the feet of the warder from the Faculty, Sophomores 
on middle ground, and Juniors at the remote eastern end ; 
each man of the latter class, by traditional right, entitled ta 
the whole of a double desk and the use of an extra chair for 
his feet. It was pleasant to escape immediate watch of the 
Professor, pleasant again to slip into those remoter seats and 
elevate an untrammelled foot ; but wild was the throb when 
one left the room forever and entered Senior freedom. 
There were other rights and privileges for the highest class. 
In our day, the Senior-room had a "bunk" let into the wall 
and curtained — a fine strategic point for unlawful games. 
Again, in the short five minutes' recess, at eleven o' the fore- 
noon, the Senior Class was entitled to a lunch of pie; and 
precedent established a single Senior's allowance at ninety 
degrees of the circumference. Four pies to a class of thir- 
teen gave three extra pieces, usually retained by the "scaven- 
ger," or class deputy, who fetched the lunch from the kitchen. 
We regret to say that this " luncheon " was abolished by 
act of Faculty, 7th month 25th, 1872. A cruel slander had 
been spread to the effect that the act was brought about 
through the too great love of pie manifested by the class of 
'72. We find that a minute of the Faculty praises '69 in 
the highest terms for " their general neatness and good 
order" in the care of this Senior-room ; so that they doubt- 



354 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

less ate their pie with good conscience. It was not always 
thus. However, the good example set by the Seniors worked 
throughout the mass. A joint meeting of the Managers and 
Faculty records the feeling that " the college was generally 
in a condition highly satisfactory." The Freshmen (in the 
second term) fourteen, Sophomores fifteen, Juniors fifteen, 
Seniors twelve — an excellent distribution, as well as a de- 
cided increase in numbers. Again, however, the system of 
managing the discipline through a person on the spot as 
adviser, and a committee in Philadelphia as executor, 
brought forth bad fruit, and, aided by one or two cases of 
ill-timed severity, went far to ruin the college in the follow- 
ing years. Not men, but a system, must be held accountable 
for these troubles. 

While such strong classes as '69 and '70 were both in col- 
lege, they exercised a wholesome influence upon the rest. 
'70, left alone, was not quite able to stem the tide of youthful 
spirits which flowed along with '72 — a much slandered class. 
They were young, turbulent, ridiculous ; but they were not 
bad at heart. As Sophomores they certainly made noise — 
there were nineteen of them. Only six Freshmen entered, 
the other six new students joining '72. There must have 
been a little spirit of" rushing " in the air. A minute of 
the Faculty protests against the custom of hazing, "which is 
causing many to avoid entering the Freshman Class.'" How- 
ever, as the Faculty about this time admitted "The Works 
of Shakespeare " as a book fit for the AtheuEeum Library, we 
must not hold them too closely to account for wishing to 



^ The Faculty recommended the dismissal of four members of the class of 
'72, who persisted in the practice of rushing Freslimen, and were ringleaders 
in certain other outrages. Match games of cricket with clubs from elsewhere, 
on the lawn, were about the same time forbidden. 



GOVEKNMKNT AT ARMS LENGTH. 355 

abolish ancient rights. Evidently, too, the bubbling youth 
of 72 begat a yearning for older students and sedater ways. 
In a minute sent to the Managers, the Faculty set forth the 
liigh cost of board and tuition at Haverford College, a price 
which sends young men to other institutions, and deprives 
Haverford of the presence of members of our own Society, of 
high character and ability, but unable to pay such rates. 
They recommend the establishment of a fund which shall 
pay part of the expenses of these young men, leaving about 
$200 per annum for them to raise by their own efforts. Much 
stress is laid on the good which this body of earnest young 
men would exert upon the moral tone of the college. Evi- 
dently the Faculty feel desirous of making strong efforts to 
put the welfare of Haverford on a firmer basis. In a re- 
markable minute they advocate the admission of " female 
students, . . . should any way open therefor." They 
lay down a definite plan of "co-education." There is to 
be full equality, " the girls going through as advanced a 
course of study as their brother-students, and as nearly the 
same with them as certain elective changes with reference 
to subjects better suited to the female mind or sphere may 
allow." But this was not to be. Fair plan of the two 
Quaker souls with but a single thought, two hearts that beat 
as one — 

" Beliiit' dich Gott, es wilr' zu schon gewesen ! 
Beliiit' dich Gott, es hat nicht sollen sein ! " 

The plan fell in the Board of Managers, pigeon-lioled in 
committee. Never mind ; if we cannot have one reform, 
we will have another; and the spring of 1870 saw the first 
regular Yearly-Meeting- Week vacation. Notwithstanding 
the fears of the Faculty, the Managers, six weeks later, again 
raised the charge for board and instruction, now to $425. 



356 HISTOEY OF HAV^ERFORD COLLEGE. 

But the matter of discipline looms up in a more threat- 
ening fashion. In the closing weeks of 1870, the Facult}'- 
" agreed to sit in the Meeting for worship, after the begin- 
ning of next term, on a side seat, to be placed along the 
northern wall of the Meeting House, at a right-angle with 
the students' seats, if the Managers and Monthly Meeting's 
Committee on Property approve." This was never carried 
out, but its meaning is clear. In another minute the case 
of a certain Sophomore is brought up. He has been very 
" frivolous," and is put on trial for another term, to see 
" whether his irregularities proceed from childishness or 
contumacy." In truth, my captain, these be bitter words. 
The Managers ordered at this commencement that the exer- 
cises should all be in the English language, except the 
Diploma and such orations as the Faculty might sanction in 
Latin or Greek. 

Contrary to the record of preceding years, the minutes of 
the Faculty during 1870-71 teem with chronicles of disci- 
plinary small-beer, and display a spirit of pettiness and 
triviality in the conception of college government. Pecca- 
dilloes of little moment are recorded with solemn iteration, 
reported to the Committee on Instruction, considered in 
both bodies, and decided with infinite splitting of hairs. 
Every case of discipline is a triangular duel, the poor cul- 
prit, however, getting his shots from both the other parties. 
All this hurt the college. A trivial question, asked in rapid 
undertone, arouses no remark ; shouted through a speaking- 
trumpet, it becomes ridiculous. Cases of disorder were met 
without any sense of perspective. Some wild si:)irits went 
out larking one evening in October, 1 870, and probably by 
way of expressing their love of their Alma Mater, made a fire 
out of certain fence-rails : suspensions and expulsions were 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 357 

threatened. The offenders were sent off, and then taken back 
again. Meanwhile cricket-matches being forbidden with 
outside clubs, athletic sports languished; influential men 
were fewer and less active, especially in the upper classes. 
Haverford life was not what it had been in the days of '69 
and '70. This new year saw few outward changes. Henry 
Wood, of '69, who had acted as tutor, left the college, and his 
place was taken by Oliver G. Owen, of '70, as "Assistant Su- 
perintendent and Tutor in Ancient Languages and Ethics," 
a large berth to be filled by a fresh graduate. There were 
fifty-one students. The Junior Class of '72 numbered twenty 
— the largest Junior Class ever in college up to that time. In 
the course of the year, however, two of its members walked 
not in the ways of wisdom, and were sentenced to exile. 
Expenses were heavy and absorbed all the fund. "No 
student," says the Report of the Managers for this year, "is 
at the college gratuitously during the present term." Vain 
efforts were made to raise an adequate endowment — say 
seventy-five to a hundred thousand dollars. These efforts 
were " reluctantly abandoned," and so was an attempt to 
raise a subscription for five years of three thousand dollars 
per annum. However, a year later, some of the Managers 
" and a few other interested friends of the college," paid the 
debt which had accumulated for some years and now reached 
eighteen thousand dollars. To these " Managers and inter- 
ested friends," these true friends, who again and again stood 
between our college and blank extinction, be undying honor 
from every son of Haverford ! 

Meanwhile, strange omens shook the college from time to 
time with vague alarms. Doubtless, comets were in the sky, 
and strange birds perched upon the cupola, boding no good. 
It is on record that a party of '72, looking for meteors one 



358 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

November night, saw instead mysterious signs and tokens : 
so weird was the working of these mysteries that some of 
the youths could not appear at the morning meal, the terror 
gat such hold upon them. It was, moreover, no canny busi- 
ness, which, breaking all precedent, sent the entire Fresh- 
man Class into the Everett Society ; never before had this 
important matter been decided by a class vote. Finally, 
the full meaning of these signs and oracles was seen. Two 
events shook the college to its foundation, and nearly ended 
its life then and there. In the first only the Juniors — 
'72 — were concerned ; the second was the work of all the 
youth, save, haply, a timorous remnant. Let us hear the 
words of the Superintendent in his report of the Faculty 
meeting. 

" A meeting was called on account of a violation by the 
Junior Class of Rule 13 of Chapter IV of the Laws of the 
College, in that they had caused to be printed invitations to 
the Junior exhibition, programme of exercises and other 
matter, without first obtaining the approval of the Superin- 
tendent, and, after having been reminded by him of the 
rule and of the importance of simplicity, had, generally, 
circulated the unauthorized matter by mail, much to the 
detriment, it is feared, of the institution. Therefore the 
Faculty were united in recommending to the Committee 
on Instruction that the Junior exhibition of the present 
year be indefinitely postponed." 

A fac-simile of this invitation would probably convince 
any one that the terrible and crushing judgment of the 
Faculty was entirel}^ righteous. An engraved invitation, 
flaunting the unhallowed appellation " February," bold and 
plain; a "Committee on Invitations," printed in painfully 
extended list : worst of all, a very hideous pink card, on 



GOVERNMENT AT AEM's LENGTH. 359 

which certain yellow-lettered words announced the subjects 
of the orations — such was the head and front of '72's offend- 
ing. Be it permitted to question the wisdom of the sentence. 
Mindful of the abject hideousness of the pink and yellow 
card, it would seem a better decision had the Faculty simply 
expelled the whole Committee on Invitations. At any rate, 
'72 had no Junior exhibition. The historian grieves to tell 
how recklessly the class received its sentence. They gave a 
round cheer for things in general, kicked up their heels 
over the relief from an unpleasant duty, and went off to 
have a rollicking vacation. 

Darker shadows envelop the second catastrophe. It would 
ask an epic poet to sing aright the waging and the woes of 
that terrible pillow fight between the first and second floor — 
a combat that wrapped the discipline of the college in dis- 
grace and strewed the corridors with heaps of feathers. The 
Superintendent was away that night, and left the discipline 
in charge of a gentleman, long of limb, but somewhat short 
of sight. The legend runs that a special committee of 
students followed him about, and blew out his candle as fast 
as he could light it ; but this, as Herodotus would say, we 
leave to the learned. Undoubtedly, this shameful and des- 
perate pillow-fight, with its evidence of a deplorably low 
moral tone among the youth of the college, gave the cowp de 
grace to whatever faith the Managers still retained in the old 
system of governing the students at long range. A meet- 
ing was held, changes took place in the Board — by which the 
college lost some faithful and valued advisers — and after 
much deliberation a new arrangement was effected. The 
Managers turned over the business and the conduct of the 
college to three members of the Faculty, who undertook to 
carry on the same work as before, but on their own responsi- 



360 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

bility and with practically unlimited power. The change 
was in one sense permanent. So far as the business venture 
is concerned, the Managers have resumed responsibility, and 
the plan of the partnership has vanished ; but the main feat- 
ure of the change — the transfer of the government from a 
Committee of the Board to the President and Faculty — has 
never been forgotten. 

From that time it has been possible to give a definite 
personal character to the aims and system of college work. 
The agreement of the three partners was signed at the 
college, 5th month 10th, 1871, and went into effect with the 
autumn term. The agreement of these partners with the 
Haverford School association was made 6th month 14th of 
the same year. Both are recorded in full in the minutes of 
the Faculty, under the date of 9tli month 13th. All appoint- 
ments of professors are to be made by this Faculty, subject 
to the approval of the Board. Moreover, the Faculty is to 
have " control over all admissions, suspensions, dismissals 
and the discipline of the college." Admissions on the 
Fund must be approved by the Board. The partners have 
a pecuniary interest in the success of the college ; and the 
first year they are not to bear any part of a possible loss. 
The college is to be conducted on the lines laid down by 
its founders ; but admission need not be confined to mem- 
bers of the Society of Friends. The agreement is to con- 
tinue five years. So far, so good. The weakest part of the 
arrangement is the vagueness of responsibility for the dis- 
cipline. Still the plan was a great improvement on the old 
method, and considered as a transition from the old system 
to the new may be regarded as having been successful. Tlie 
most noted alteration of the previous order lay in the at- 
tempt to make more prominent the " family " character of 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 361 

the place. The President reluctantly left his cottage, and 
took up quarters in the eastern end of the college build- 
ing. Financially, too, the new arrangement proved better 
than its friends had hoped. Actual profits — according to 
the terms of the agreement — were divided with the corpo- 
ration; the latter receiving for the year ending in 1872 the 
sum of $212.08. 

The year 1871-72 opened well. The Faculty was strength- 
ened by the addition of Professor Pliny Earle Chase. A 
proper account of his valuable services to Haverford will be 
found elsewhere, but it may be recorded here how thoroughly 
the students appreciated, from the very start, the singularly 
winning character of the man as well as the generous 
knowledge of the scholar. There were fourteen new 
students. 

One of the earliest acts of the Faculty, under this new 
charter, was the virtual sanction of cricket-matches ; these 
had been forbidden for some time. In 1868 the Faculty had 
refused a request of the All-America Twenty-two to allow 
J. H. Congdon to play against the English eleven. Not 
long afterward, the right to play matches with any out- 
side eleven had been withdrawn from the Dorian C. C. 
Notwithstanding this, an eleven had been formed, which in 
the summer of 1871 played two matches— one at Wynne 
Wood against the Merion (1st eleven), and one, after com- 
mencement, against the Germantown (2d eleven — though 
several members of the first eleven took part). In both 
games Haverford was overwhelmingly victorious. This 
revived eleven of the Dorian, after an interval of inactivity, 
was made up of J. Hartshorne (Captain), Wm. Penn Evans 
(who made the top score at Germantown), W. H. Haines, 
C. S. Taylor and R. Winslow (bowler), of '71 ; R. Ashbridge 



362 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

(bowler), F. B. Gummere, and A. F. Huston, of 72; J. C. 
Comfort and J. M. Fox, of '73 ; and Bangs, of 74. Thus did 
cricket again lift its head at Haverford. In 1872 permis- 
sion was given to play on our own grounds, and since then 
the annual matches have taken place with unbroken regu- 
larity. At the present writing, there is prospect of brill- 
iant work by the Haverford eleven. 

The year ended under good auspices, except for the death 
of William Barker Chase, of the graduating class, son of 
Professor P. E. Chase. A singularly pure and resolute 
character, Chase had made no slight mark on the college 
record, and had proved himself a good scholar, an active 
member of his class, and one of the most untiring sup- 
porters of the societies. His papers in The Collegian and 
The Gem show decided ability. Another loss was that of 
Edward Peitsmeyer of the Junior Class, who was drowned 
at Cape May shortly after the close of the summer term. A 
German, by birth, he had shown the national traits of 
thoroughness, amiability and energy. 

The little bell that so long hung over the back entrance 
of Founders' Hall, and was rung by a chain passing through 
the window, and reached from the first landing on the stair- 
case, was for a long time ridiculed on account of its size, 
sound, and other eccentricities. The ringing was done by a 
student, frantically darting out of the study-room when the 
clock struck, leaping up several steps at a time, giving the 
proper number of " pulls," and flying down again to seize 
his books and follow his class disappearing through the Avest 
door of the study-room. 

To Joseph H. Wills, of '68, belonged the credit of agitat- 
ing the subject of getting a new bell, collecting subscriptions 
among the officers and students, getting estimates, and bear- 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 363 

ing the usual ridicule of college workers/ A meeting was 
held in the collection-room to further the cause, which was 
supported in several speeches ; the burden of all being the 
same, that the new bell ought to come and must be had. 
The best point was made by a Professor, who concluded his 
remarks by saying, " We ought to do all w^e could to spread 
the reputation of the place for sound learning." April 15, 
1867, the bell arrived, embellished with suitable inscription, 
and was mounted, well arranged both for stroke-ringing and 
rotary swinging, and it continues to summon classes to 
every recitation or meal. 

In the Association of the Alumni very little seems to 
have transpired from 1865 to 1873, beyond routine matters, 
tinkering at the Constitution and By-Laws, and the adjust- 
ment of the extra claim made by the builders of Alumni 
Hall. 

Members were elected, and each year brought its list of 
losses by death — some notable ones — as Richard T. Jones, 
the polished and amiable only son of him whose great be- 
quests afterward enriched Haverford ; Dr. Edward Rhoads, 
who had already made his mark as a talented young physi- 
cian ; Isaac S. Serrill, twice orator ; Jos. W. Aldrich, twice 
Professor. 

At one of the meetings it was resolved that, as a part of 
the standing order of exercises, an essay or address should 
be read, at the public meeting next following his gradu- 
ation, by a member of the graduating class; the exercise not 
to occupy more than ten minutes. 

The young graduates appear to have declined the oppor- 

^ Wills was also the first amateur photographer in 1867-68, in the days of 
long exposures, wet plates, blackened fingers, dreadful odors and other tribula- 
tions incident to artistic pioneers. 



364 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

tunity thus afforded them, and the object was accomplished 
a few years later under the stimulus of a gold medal. 

A special committee was directed to consider what meas- 
ures the Alumni Association could adopt to increase public 
interest in or promote the efficiency of the college, and re- 
port to a called meeting of the Association to be held in 
Philadelphia. Accordingly, in the 12th month of the same 
year, a meeting was held in the Hall of the Philadelphia 
Dental College, when the committee presented a report on 
the subject of their appointment. The suggestions con- 
tained in it elicited considerable discussion on the state of 
the college. Some members favored the passage of a reso- 
lution requesting that the Alumni Association have an 
official representative in the Board of Managers, and others 
that a certain small number of the Board should annually 
retire, and their places be filled by men selected from 
among recent graduates. No definite action was taken, as 
it appeared that the majority present were in favor of tak- 
ing no steps beyond the expression of a desire that the 
views of the alumni be represented in the management of 
the college. 

The seventeenth annual meeting was held on the 1st of 
7th month, 1873, according to the decision of a committee 
appointed the previous year, with power to alter the time 
of gathering if deemed advisable. 

Certain members were ordered to take into consideration 
" the publication of a volume composed of selections from 
the various orations which have been delivered before the 
Association, and such other college and society exercises as 
in their judgment shall fitly represent the culture of the 
institution.'' 

This committee at the next meeting reported adversely, 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 365 

as in their judgment the available material was not sufficient 
either in amount or value to warrant the labor and expense 
necessary to accomplish the end in view. The efforts of the 
members of the Association to obtain essays for cash prizes, 
either from their own members or the undergraduates, had 
been almost uniformly unsuccessful. In some years no ex- 
ercises were offered, and, in others, those presented were not 
considered worthy of the award. In 1875, it was resolved 
to present the undergraduates' prize in a new form. An 
Annual Committee on Prizes was appointed, to award a 
gold medal, not less than $50 in value, open to members of 
the Senior and Junior Classes. The regulations provide 
that the competitors shall appear before a committee of 
judges, and the prize be awarded to the essay showing most 
skill in the composition, and elocutionary excellence in the 
delivery. The successful competitor is to be known as the 
"Alumni Medallist," and to deliver the oration before the 
alumni at their annual public meeting. The gold medal is 
a beautiful specimen of the goldsmith's art, and represents 
the Alumni Hall and Founders' Hall, surrounded with the 
college motto and suitable devices and inscriptions. This 
prize has awakened lively interest, and each year several 
competitors have appeared. 

As soon as information was received that the erection of 
Barclay Hall was contemplated, the Association appointed 
representatives from nearly every class, and all parts of the 
country, to aid in raising the necessary funds, and to second 
the efforts of the Managers in improving the condition of 
the college. The meeting held in 1876, as a step in this 
direction, passed the following resolutions : 

" Resolved, That the Alumni Association of Haverford Col- 
lege tender to the management of the college their hearty 



366 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

confidence and support, their sincere congratulations on the 
founding of the new hall, and their desire that the policy 
of the Managers to reduce the present rates of charge may 
be carried out at an early day. 

" Resolved, That a committee shall be appointed by the 
chair to correspond with the alumni generally, and collect 
such statistics in regard to the general interests of Haver- 
ford as they may be able to obtain, and report to the next 
meeting of the alumni." 

To serve under these resolutions, Charles E. Pratt, Boston, 
Mass., Charles S. Taylor, Burlington, N. J., and William H. 
Hubbard, Morris ville, Ind., were appointed. 

This committee prepared a circular, which was sent to 
each of the alumni, setting forth the object of their appoint- 
ment, and asking for replies to the following questions : 

" How many Friends in thy vicinity are taking a colle- 
giate course of education, and at what colleges? 

" How many are desiring to take such a course, and are 
fitting for it, or are prevented by want of means? What is 
the prevailing sentiment among Friends in thy vicinity in 
respect to collegiate education ? 

" How generally and how adequatel}^ are the claims of 
Haverford College known and understood there, and what 
is thought of them and it ? 

" If exception is taken or fault found with Haverford Col- 
lege (its management, opportunities, etc.), what is the tenor 
of it? 

"What, in thy opinion, can be done by the alumni, or the 
Faculty, or the Managers, to make Haverford College better 
known, better worthy of support, better filled with fitted 
students, better in its training, better endowed, etc. ? " 

The answers received in reply to this circular were care- 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 367 

fully compared, and the result embodied in a report made 
to the annual meeting in 1877. This report is a valuable 
contribution to the history of the college, full of interest to 
every graduate and friend of education in the Society, and 
contains many suggestions for the future action of its inter- 
ested friends. As such, and as a record of the zealous in- 
terest of the Alumni Association, expressed in the faithful 
labors of the committee, the report is inserted entire. 

" The committee appointed at the annual meeting in 1876 
* to correspond with the alumni generally, and collect such 
statistics in regard to the general interests of Haverford as 
they may be able to obtain, and report to the next meeting 
of the alumni,' respectfully report as follows : 

" Early in the autumn of last year we addressed a circular 
letter of inquiry, a copy of which is appended hereto, to each 
of the living alumni whose address could be ascertained, 
and to a few known friends of the college, not alumni, and 
also to each of the Managers and Faculty. 

" These letters were sent under return-request envelopes, 
and twenty-one were returned to us by the mail service unde- 
livered ; to the remainder we have received thirty replies, 
in which only three or four furnish anything like statistics. 
From these and such sources as are at hand, we can only 
report that in many places the claims of Haverford have not 
been adequately known or appreciated, while in some they 
are utterly misunderstood ; that collegiate education of the 
higher sort, in some parts, even among Friends, is not ap- 
preciated, and is even thought harmful, and in other parts 
' is such as to give but little encouragement ;' on the other 
hand, it is the fact that in many places only limitation of 
means prevents the sons of Friends from taking a course at 
Haverford, while many with the best manly spirit are work- 



368 HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ing their way through a preparatory course, and will event- 
ually pursue the academic where they can best accomplish 
it. These instances, as they come to our knowledge, are 
more numerous in the East and South. The apathy and 
misapprehension exist mostly in the Middle and Western 
States. 

" Our correspondence has been somewhat more fruitful in 
suggestions, as will appear from the extracts which are ap- 
pended hereto, and which are copies of the material parts of 
all the letters of suggestion or of criticism which we have 
received. 

" These letters are all of them deserving of consideration 
many of them written b}'^ men, whose names, if given, would 
be a sufficient guarantee of the experience and the earnest 
good-will of the writers ; hence we have thought it better to 
let them be heard here in their own language. 

" The (with one exception) unanimous approval of the col- 
lege and its management, after condemnation had been so 
freely invited, is very gratifying to the committee ; while it 
is equally gratifying to find that so many are not simply 
acquiescing in the present status from mere indifference, 
but are with active interest planning and inciting or assist- 
ing toward the future improvement and development of this 
generous mother of their earlier youth and deserving child 
of their later manhood. 

" From the extracts mentioned, it will appear that the most 
frequent suggestion made is the need of more dissemination 
of information concerning the college — more advertising. It 
is recommended that not only advertisements should be in- 
serted in suitable papers and periodicals, but that other 
means should be resorted to, as that a brief publication 
should be issued and circulated, articles be communicated 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 369 

to Friends' Review and other papers, directly or indirectly, 
making the college known ; that a pamphlet with engrav- 
ings would be suitable; while one proposes that friends of the 
college should visit the various meetings of Friends for the 
purpose, and there set forth the claims of Haverford ; another 
would have each alumnus constitute himself a committee 
of one, to see to it that from his own vicinity one student is 
sent to Haverford each year. 

" That the efforts of the Faculty to raise the standard of 
scholarship are appreciated, is shown by the frequent recom- 
mendation that the requirements for admission be raised, 
and the examinations made more rigorous. 

" One thinks that the charges at the college should not be 
reduced, as such a reduction would be a confession of cheaper 
advantages, and the higher price of tuition perhaps makes 
it seem the place for men of ample means to send their sons ; 
but a number of other alumni have expressed their desire 
that the price of tuition and the expense of living at the 
college may be reduced, so as to bring them better within 
the reach of those of less pecuniary ability, but, as often 
happens, of more intellectual and moral advantage to the 
college, and whose education is so often much better used 
for the benefit of the community, 

" Other suggestions, in order of their frequency, are : That 
more professors, lecturers and assistants are needed — the lat- 
ter to take much of the drill and drudgery off from the hands 
of the professors — so that they may have more time and 
energy for the higher work ; that professorships should be 
endowed ; that the professorships should be better paid ; that 
more scholarships be established ; that a preparatory depart- 
ment be added ; that in the charges, tuition be separated from 
board, and students be allowed to live where they choose ; 
24 



370 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

that female students should be admitted ; that an age limi- 
tation be adopted, so that none shall be graduated at younger 
than nineteen years of age; that the religious meetings and 
worship should be made more consistent with the high 
character of the Society's teaching and claims; that the 
teaching and discipline of the college should be entirely in 
the hands of the Faculty ; that such a policy should be pur- 
sued as that Haverford may raise its own replenishment of 
Faculty. Two think the religious influence unfavorable, 
but not from any knowledge of what it is now ; one thinks 
Haverford education is ' superficial and dilettante ; ' another 
says, ' Haverford must be stripped of its old-fashioned, strict 
regulations.' One urges that the course be made purely 
English, even French and German to be optional, while one 
regrets that the scientific course has been established; others 
however, favor the scientific department, and say that the 
opening of it is and will be a]3preciated by many, particu- 
larly in the M'^est ; while others are earnest that the classical 
course shall be preserved unimpaired as the distinctive feat- 
ure and opportunity of a college. A suggestion entitled to 
much weight is made as to the necessity of an arrangement 
with one or more feeding schools, which shall make a spe- 
cialty of fitting students for entrance at Haverford. To this 
subject of tributary schools, as well as to many other sub- 
jects above noted, we can only invite the attention of the 
Management and the Faculty. 

" During the year which has elapsed since our appointment, 
we have improved such opportunities as offered for conver- 
sation with others in respect to the interests of Haverford, 
and have also been deeply interested in the progress and 
development of the college and its incidents. The excellent 
report of the Board of Managers, made and printed during 



• GOVERNMENT AT ARm's LENGTH. 371 

the academical year just closed, presents many of the obser- 
vations which we might otherwise not omit, and in a better 
manner than we could offer them, especially in relation to 
the completion of Barclay Hall, the present condition of the 
college classes, and its statement of other interesting facts. 
Of the latter a noticeable one is, that the average of the 
Freshmen, in a class of fourteen, was nineteen years. We 
hope the report has a wide circulation. 

"The last Catalogue of the college has added interest from 
the very creditable ' examination ' papers, which take the 
place of the usual list of alumni, and speak well for the high 
standard of scholarship required. We have also been glad 
to notice, in our recent visits to the College Library, the ex- 
cellence of the card catalogue, which does so much to make 
the resources of the library readily available, and also the 
valuable acquisition of books of standard value to the 
student. 

" Nor can we neglect to express the general approbation of 
the recent improvements in the athletic and recreative ad- 
vantages of the lawn ; for not only the unsurpassed grounds 
for the healthful and tact-developing game of cricket, re- 
cently improved and fitted by such generous private outlay, 
but many other evidences apparent to one who looks for 
them, make it clear that in respect of resources conducive 
to bodily health, so necessary to successful scholarship, 
Haverford is peculiarly rich, 

" From our opportunities above named, we are able to re- 
port, with some degree of emphasis, that the majority senti- 
ment of the alumni and earnest friends of this college are in 
favor of a full and complete required curriculum ; and that 
while some small degree of election of studies may be allow- 
able (as at present), yet the college should never be allowed 



372 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

to desenerate to the level — either in the method or the matter 
of its course — of a scientific school, or a mere preparatory 
department for the Senior year in larger colleges. The 
groundwork of culture and educated success cannot be laid 
in anything less than a thorough academical course of 
stud}'-, in which the study of classical languages and litera- 
ture must hold a large place. Polite learning, liberal cult- 
ure and scholarly attainments cannot well be based on any- 
thing less. 

" The professional schools, the post-academical courses of 
the universities, and the various other opportunities so 
multiplied in these later days, must be relied upon for 
special culture ; but the solid foundation of finished scholar- 
ship, as well as the campus of mutual sympathies and in- 
tercourse of scholars, must be laid in the broad and deep 
discipline of the languages, literature, mathematics and 
natural sciences of the past as well as the present, in their 
well-balanced proportion, and in the broad, logical and 
eesthetical training which is acquired only by such studies. 

" The American scholar and gentleman, KaXo'i KajaOo^;, 
has not full seizin and possession of his own proper heritage 
until he has been admitted to the equal fellowship of the 
scholars of Greece and Italy, of England and Germany, in 
all time, and has familiarized himself with the thought of 
the world in the original languages, in which it has its or- 
ganic development. It is to be hoped that, among Quakerly 
institutions, one college may be sustained where this 
scholarship may find its nurture. 

" The question. What can the alumni do more than the 
Management and the Faculty are already doing ? is not for 
this committee to solve. We have endeavored to discharge 
the duties imposed b}' the resolution under which we were 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM"s LENGTH. 373 

appointed, and have now reported the results of our efforts. 
There are two things, however, which are certainly within 
the province of the alumni to execute, and which we desire 
to recommend. 

" We can but remind the Association that the present 
Faculty of the college is too small in number, and is crip- 
pled in efficiency, if not by being inadequately paid, cer- 
tainly by excessive requirements. A professorship should 
afford sufficient remuneration, not only to secure the best 
talent, but to keep it, and to enable the incumbent to avail 
himself of all the facilities for increasing his own attain- 
ments, which are consistent with a reasonable devotion to 
his immediate duties ; and it should not be forced down to 
the grade of a hard-worked teachership by the multiplicity 
of cares or the drudgery of drill and elementary instruction 
required. The model professor must be enabled to have 
his special library, laboratory, or other instruments of orig- 
inal research, his intercourse with other first scholars, and 
to publish the results of his own original labor and genius; 
he must be a fresh-flowing fountain of learning and of 
inspiration. The model college must have these professors, 
and see to it that the}'^ are not suppressed by overwork and 
under-pay. 

" Such professorships ought to be endowed, so as to be in- 
dependent of the income of tuition fees, and then the num- 
ber of assistants and tutors can be enlarged to relieve them 
from the routine work and elementary drill. The endow- 
ment of one or more professorships would, in our opinion, 
be an immediate help to Haverford; and while we trust 
that suitable funds may be established in due time by 
bequest, we recommend the founding of an Alumni Pro- 
fessorship by subscription. 



374 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

"The fact is obvious that these are peculiar! 3^ times of ad- 
vertising; and it is equally obvious that Haverford is not 
and has not been extensively advertised. It holds a posi- 
tion which will not only bear a wide and liberal heralding, 
but which demands it. Full of interest in its earlier history 
and later development, rich in its interior and exterior re- 
sources for illustration and description, and abounding in 
variety of personal character and incident, both as to its 
past and present officers, friends, instructors and patrons, it 
should have a written history. Such a histor}^, written and 
edited b}^ some one in sympathy witli the corporation and 
the college, with opportunities and helps, conceived in a 
liberal spirit and executed in a generous manner, could not 
fail to be of great interest, not only to the large and increas- 
ing circle of alumni and friends, but also to the Society of 
Friends at large. It would, in our opinion, be the very best 
kind of advertisement. It would disseminate such infor- 
mation as would not only dispel the misapprehensions 
which now exist in the community, but would also induce 
a large increase in the number of students. 

" To the end that these recommendations may be brought 
before the Association in definite form, the committee offer 
and recommend the passage of the appended resolutions. 

Charles E. Pratt, 
Charles S. Taylor, 
Wm. H. Hubbard, 

(By C. E. P.), 

Committee." 

Resolved, That a committee of four be appointed to con- 
sider the subject of founding an Alumni Professorship at 
Haverford College, and the best means and conditions of 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 375 

establishing the same ; and to take subscriptions for that 
purpose, and to report at our next annual meeting. 

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, with 
full powers, to procure the preparation and publication of 
a descriptive and illustrated History of Haverford College, 
from its beginning as a school to the present time, as 
speedily as practicable; but the committee are instructed to 
proceed with the actual publication of such history only 
with approval of the Secretary of the Corporation, the Secre- 
tary of the Board of Managers, and the President of the 
Faculty, before reporting to this Association. 

The report was accepted and the following committees 
appointed under the resolutions : 

Committee on Alumni Professorship. 
Charles Hartshorne, Walter Wood, 

Charles S. Taylor, Reuben Haines. 

Committee for the History of the College. 
Benj. V. Marsh, Charles E. Pratt, 

Charles Roberts, F. B. Gummere, 

Howard Comfort. 



An old student has furnished the following interesting 
recollections of the period from 1866 to 1870, which will be 
appreciated by our readers. 

It was about 1865 and 1866 that the Westtown set first be- 
came an appreciable atom in Haverford life; before that 
only one or two Westtown fellows were there at a time. 
Since then Westtown Boarding-School has generally had 
several representatives, and such as came direct from one 
place to the other were apt to take front rank in their studies, 
especially in mathematics. In classics they were usually 
backward. 

The Junior exhibition in 1869 attracted an official visit 



376 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

from Westtown. Six teachers and some scholars drove over 
in a large four-horse sleigh. In the Spring of 1867 a baseball 
match was played with the A¥esttown Club, at Haverford, 
in which Haverford was victorious by a score of 44 to 43. 
It is but fair to say the visitors were without some of their 
best men, and among the Haverford nine were three old 
Westtown boys. 

Very little coasting was done between 1865 and 1870, and 
that little by old Westtown scholars, who tramped the coun- 
try around for hills and never wore a good track. 

Eleventh month 11th, 1867, the Seniors and Juniors sat 
up to watch for meteors. The shower began about 4 a.m., 
and the watchers then rang the bell to rouse the rest of the 
college. The display lasted until dawn, in spite of the bright 
moonlight. The Ledger and North American contained 
long accounts of the observations made at the college. 

The students were never more interested in astronomy 
than when classes from Longstreth's or Shipley's — schools for 
girls — came out to spend an evening in the observatory. 
Happy was he who could join the party on any pretext; 
thrice fortunate the student invited " to assist " the Professor 
in handling the instruments and making explanations. 

In previous years it had been a custom to ring the small 
bell to usher in the New Year. It was usually done by the 
lower classes. On New Year's, 1866, the Junior Class having 
sufficient weight of numbers, prevented it, in opposition to 
the rest. On New Year's, 1867, it was resolved to ring the 
bell vi et armis, and elaborate preparations were made, but a 
few minutes before the hour Professor Dillingham appeared 
and requested us to give it up, and it was not rung. Next 
morning he thanked the students for their gentlemanly 
consideration, and proposed "three rousing cheers for Old 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 377 

Haverford," which were given with great enthusiasm. Since 
then the old custom has been frowned down by the officers 
and students also, and any ringing has been done by indi- 
vidual concern. 

Hazing, 

Called " rushing " in Haverford slang, was more talked of 
than done. On the first few evenings of each Fall term 
the Freshmen ran a chance of finding slats gone from their 
beds, or similar petty dispensations to endure. These were 
generally probationary trials. If any were so unwise as not 
to receive these attentions with grateful appreciation, the 
chance of a repetition of the dose was increased. 

Nothing of a serious nature was done between '66 and '70, 
excepting in one instance, when a Freshman, who was con- 
sidered to have conducted himself in a manner particularly 
obnoxious to the dignity of the upper classes, and bid defi- 
ance to " rushing," was seized one evening, carried under a 
hydrant, and well dampened from head to foot. The spirit 
of the ancient Friends sustained him, for he announced dur- 
ing his baptism that impudence was a fast color and would 
not wash out. The general sentiment of the better and 
more influential students was opposed to this custom in any 
shape. It assumed such mild forms, however, that nothing 
was done and not much said on the subject. 

The following anecdotes of Dr. Swift, who had recently 
left the college, were current in our day : 

" I'll give thee a collegiate degree — B.B. — Blundering 
Blockhead. " 

To one "kept in" he said in deep earnest, "What! smil- 
ing when confined on a charge of immorality ? Shocking 
depravity in one so young." 

On seeing a boy in his class chewing a toothpick : 



378 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

'* What's that boy doing? Chewing a goose-quill, and only 
a gosling himself. " 

i He was opposed to new-fangled scientific theories, among 
which he classed evolution, and doubted the existence of 
such an animal as the gorilla, and when students referred 
to the fact that Professor Cope had on his desk a plaster cast 
of a gorilla's head, he would triumphantly exclaim, "Ah! 
what purports to be the head of a gorilla ! " 

Seniors' Christmas and New Year's. 

It was the custom of each Senior Class occupying the cor- 
ner Senior-room toward the library, to decorate it with fes- 
toons of evergreen, composed of laurel or crow-foot. For 
this purpose the least lazy would organize Argonautic expe- 
ditions for emerald fleece to the woods around Morris's dam, 
with Mike Gallagher's mule and cart to carry home the 
spoil. Then class mottoes were made over the fireplace, 
which the class of '71 soon afterward made beautiful with 
new slate mantel ornaments, and the succeeding classes 
almost as soon ruined by bad treatment. 

In this room the Seniors were accustomed to have a 
watch-meeting while awaiting the arrival of their graduat- 
ing year. Refreshments of cake from home, cider from the 
farmer's, mince pies, spiced oysters (always poor), a roast 
turke}' (ever good), tongue and fruit — a portion of which was 
wisely sent to the Superintending Professor up-stairs — 
made the hours pass pleasantly until the time came to usher 
the year in with class song. Next after the New Year w^ould 
appear the old Professor, who, after congratulations, would 
suggest an immediate retirement. 

The Visits op Friends 
In the ministry were always pleasant events, apart from 
the advice and instruction given. Among them occur the 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 379 

names of Gilbert Congdon and Eli Jones. The latter, espe- 
cially, from frequent visits to other lands, was full of interest- 
ing incidents, and flavored all discourse with a quiet humor 
that paved the way for other impressions. 

On one occasion, after an appointed meeting, he showed 
us a horn, such as David so often " exalted ;" bells for ladies' 
ankles; cones from Mount Lebanon; girdle and ink-horn of 
the scribe, heavily ornamented in Jewish taste ; the Book of 
Esther, a roll in Hebrew characters on leather, wrapped upon 
a stick ; also phylacteries, which he " fastened upon his 
head, and bound as a frontlet between his eyes," as Moses 
commanded. 

Classes. 

Soon after entering college a class usually selected a motto 
and device, and a full set of officers, both active and passive, 
including orator, poet and prophet. If they were very en- 
terprising, class canes were adopted, but never before the 
Sophomore year, for dire is the wrath of the gods against 
a cane-carrying Freshman. For one class, at least, a uni- 
form cap was adopted. There was little or no antagonism 
between classes. The small number of students and the 
family character of the institution prevented it. Then the 
classes were divided between the two societies, and the society 
feeling was, if anything, stronger than class feeling. 

These two natural divisions of the students found expres- 
sion in matches at cricket and baseball, and also to some 
extent in sustaining the Loganian Society, which, being a 
public society, was used as a parade-ground for the best 
talent of the private societies. The best exercises of the 
Athenaeum and Everett were very apt to reappear in the 
Loganian. In four years, between 1866 and 70, there was 
never but one attempt to fraternize between the Athenaeum 



380 



HISTORY OF HAVEEFORD COLLEGE. 



and Everett. In the winter of '67 the Everett gave an 
entertainment to the Athenaeum in the latter's rooms — 
speeches were made, songs sung, stories told, cakes and 
lemonade handed around. It was well designed, but re- 
sulted in rather a solemn time, and was never repeated. 

Professor Gummere's Silver Wedding was celebrated, 1st 
month 9th, 1870, in a way very satisfactory to the students. 
Unknown to them he organized a surprise supper of oysters, 




MAPLE AVENUE. 



cakes, coffee and ice-cream. When we went down into the 
old dining-room he stood in the middle, and welcomed us 
in an affectionate speech, saying " that next to his immediate 
relations he loved us best, and hoped we all might have the 
pleasure of celebrating our own silver weddings with as 
much happiness to look back upon as had been his own lot." 
The students regarded Professor Gummere Avith much 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 381 

affection, not only on account of his age, but because his 
gentle manners and judicious treatment partook so much of 
the paternal character. 

Many of the students highly appreciated the beauty of the 
lawn. Maple Avenue afforded constant joy, first in the deli- 
cate green of early spring, then beneath great tents of sum- 
mer foliage, changing to the bright glory of the autumn. 
The old seats in the forest trees were used by a few adven- 
turous spirits, but were soon abandoned as dangerous, and 
seats built in two of the purple beeches. 

The clamor of birds in spring and summer mornings, 
the long peculiar murmur of the seventeen-year locust, in 
1868, and, above all, the glory of the April moonlight on the 
snowy blossoms of the old magnolia, are memories that have 
gladdened many a later year. 

One day, however, in the spring of 1867, some of the stu- 
dents found seated on one of the benches on the lawn a pa- 
triarchal-looking man in the garb of a tramp. He proved 
to be General Daniel Pratt, who, for forty years, lived on 
charity, spending much of his time in tramping from one 
college to another, and was better known to old collegians 
than some of their own professors. In all respects he was 
" peculiar," but quiet and inoffensive. When some great 
question stirred his mind he would become much excited, 
and, in attempting to express his ideas, he would get tangled 
all up in great words, of the meaning of which he did not 
have the remotest idea. 

On this occasion he expressed a desire to address the 
students. Arrangements were made by the Seniors, and at 
four o'clock all gathered in good order in the old collecting- 
room. The address that followed contained much sound 
advice, sensibly expressed, but was often obscured by the 
mists that would roll into the speaker's brain. 



382 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The following account appeared in a Philadelphia paper: 
General Pratt at Haverford College, 

Where is the man, either lean or fat, 
Who has not heard of General Pratt? 

Last week there appeared and lectured at Haverford Col- 
lege the " Great American Traveller," Daniel Pratt, LL.D., 
D.B., and perpetual candidate for the Presidential chair. 
Crowned with a hat the wars have seen, while the other 
extremes are lost in a pair of the largest-sized Government 
shoes — the gift of General Howard, and which (so the 
wearer says) have been bespoken by its students for the 
Archives of Harvard University — the appearance of the 
General is eminently " seedy; " so that to find fit source for 
the eminence to which he has attained it is necessary to 
give ear to his refusal to be adjudged "by his cloth; to 
remember that " — as he otherwise axiomatically expressed 
it — " we can't tell how far a toad can hop till we see him 
jump." Daniel's appearance on the platform was greeted 
with an outburst of applause that for two hours continued 
to ebb and flow, ending with a flow as the hat was passed 
round. Speaking concerning " The Influence of the Intel- 
lect on Materialisms," the lecturer keenly observed that 
in order to succeed as a doctor, a lawyer, or a minister, 
it is necessary to win the favor of the fairer sex (for 
whom the Doctor seems to cherish a profound respect, 
although his devotion to the sciences — so he says — has left 
him no time to cultivate his emotions) ; that the " Uni- 
versal Law of Repulsion " both urges " the hungry man to 
eat," and the frog to jump from water that is too hot 
for him ; and that " to get a hog to enter a pen we must 
drive him the other way." While these were his main 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 383 

points, the wonderfully discursive style of the lecturer ad- 
mitted of the appropriate introduction of divers poems 
touching upon the immortality of fame, which, with his 
usual modesty, he cited with peculiar gusto. Of these the 
following beautiful ode is an example : 

Sound, sound the pondrous hugag ; 

Eend the welkin with your cheers ; 
See, see the mighty traveller, 

Great Daniel Pratt appears ! 

High on a gorgeous box he mounts, 

Whose splendors far excel 
That wondrous tub of storied fame, 

Where Diogenes did dwell. 



Hope still survives — great Pratt may yet 

Our country's fame produce ; 
For was not Kome, imperial Kome, preserved 

By the cackling of a goose ? 

The lively gesticulation of the speaker increases the effect 
of these, especially when at the close of a verse that lands 
him in the " Presidential chair," he is so enlivened by the 
thought as to vault (shoes accompanying) over the back of 
a chair that stood near him; or in the delivery of another 
that commences with a reference to his poetical powers in 
the words: "Let Shakespeare stand behind the door," and 
ends with the emphatic declaration that there has not lived 
his equal as an orator since the death of Balaam's ass. 

At the end of the second hour, and while his ardor was 
still unabated, " our speaker " was interrupted by a gentle- 
man to whom had been assigned the honor of presenting 
him a certificate in evidence of his having been elected 
an honorary ghost of the defunct Euethean Association. 
This was received with peculiar grace, and having been 
with great unanimity nominated for the next Presidency, 



384 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

and having intimated liis willingness to address an audience 
of cultivated Philadelphians on " The Ten-Billion-Dollar 
Intellectual Balance Wheel," he set out to ascertain the terms 
of the Academy of Music. Believe me, reader, that as to the 
Queen of Sheba of Solomon, so to this of Daniel, not the 
half has been told. 

5th month 9th, 1868, the last year of this period, saw the 
first cricket match of that year. It was played against the 
University of Pennsylvania, and Haverford won with ease, 
scoring 56 and 38 to their opponents' 24 and 40. The only 
man on either side who reached double figures was Comfort, 
who scored 10 (run out). This game was played not in the 
" meadow," but in the field below Woodside Cottage. A large 
canvas tent was erected for the occasion. Four other games 
were played this spring by the Dorians, who easily came off" 
victors in all. 

A paper is still preserved by one of the alumni, giving 
the first eleven for the season of 1868, and a diagram of 
their positions in the field. 

We observe that there are no drives at either end ; we 
therefore conclude that both bowlers are fast. This being so, 
the absence of a third man is significant; the Haverfordian 
of '68 cannot have been proficient in cutting. The presence 
of two legs is, however, not unusual, though it might have 
been expected that one would be sharper. Another fielder 
is employed as back-stop — a refiection on the ability of the 
wicket-keeper. Lastly, it may be gathered that little at- 
tention was paid to the fitness of individual players for 
certain positions in the field. For example, short slip plays 
mid-on, and square leg plays mid-off. Nowadays men who 
are suited for one of these positions seldom take the other ; 
but what clearly proves the point is the fact that the fielders 



GOVERNMENT AT ARM's LENGTH. 385 

are divided into pairs who change with each other every 
over; the whole field not changing indiscriminately. 

Moreover, a rigid batting order is given for the eleven, 
which shows that the captain had not then learned the 
importance of watching the varying stages of the game, 
and sending in men according to their individual batting 
qualities. 



25 



CHAPTER XIII. 
GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY, 1872-70. 

It seems to be assumed on all sides that Haverford is to de- 
velop. No one thinks that she should stand still, in 
morals, scholarship, material equipment, or quality and 
quantity of results. — President Sharpless. 




THE (^UADIJ.VXliLK. 



In 1870 Haverford College celebrated her fortieth birth- 
day. She had at last grown from a first-class boarding- 

(380) 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 387 

school to a respectable college, and though she had passed 
through several periods of depression and one apparent col- 
lapse, yet now her prospects for life and usefulness were 
brighter than ever before. There was a certain renewed 
vigor in her frame which could not fail to impress those in 
closest contact with her, even if its outward and visible 
signs did not manifest themselves until a late period. In 
the course of four decades, even in so conservative an in- 
stitution as Haverford, conditions had so changed as to 
demand new regulations. We have seen that in 1871 the 
whole matter of government and discipline was transferred 
to the Faculty of the college — a step the importance of 
which can hardly be overestimated. 

The old principle of " family government " had relaxed 
somewhat in its severity. Several obnoxious rules had been 
abrogated, and certain privileges granted; yet, as compared 
with other American colleges, the idea of self-government 
and personal liberty had as yet no very important place in 
the economy of Haverford. The student found his periods 
of study, sleep and recreation clearly defined by the historic 
bell; and, in the dining-room, where the hours for breakfast, 
dinner and supper were " duly observed," the long tables 
were presided over by those in authority — from which it 
will be seen that the " guarded-education " theory was still 
held in honor. At the same time the strong fraternal feel- 
ing, which has always been a distinguishing characteristic 
of Haverford, had by no means abated. 

It would be difficult to find an institution where the 
student-life was so genial and intimate, and where the con- 
ditions were so favorable to the formation of friendships. 
Distinctions between the different classes were hardly recog- 
nized. With such limited numbers, class matches could not 



388 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

result in unfriendly rivalry, while victories over a " foreign 
foe" only served to increase the feeling of general good- 
fellowship and pride in the Alma Mater. 

Privatus illis census erat brevis, 
Commune magnum. 

The literary societies, to one or more of which every stu- 
dent belonged, also formed a strong bond of union. But, 
perhaps, the most important among the influences which 
conduced to this Haverford Freemasonry was the time- 
honored study-room, of which, in view of the fact that it 
was so soon to be abolished, brief notice may here be per- 
mitted. Possibly the advantages of co-operative study, 
under the immediate supervision of an instructor and in a 
poorly ventilated room, smelling, as a Sophomore gracefully 
remarked, " like a soap factory," were at the time not fully 
appreciated by the average Haverfordian. Yet, however 
irksome it might be, every student was obliged to spend 
here certain hours over his books. There was no help for 
it. Even in the " perfect days " of springtime, when the 
"crow's-nest" invited most irresistibly to its airy retreat, the 
bell sounded unrelentingly. Then it was that the odious 
ban, which from this time appears almost annually on the 
Faculty records, was re-enacted : "That no student should 
be excused from a regular study collection to study else- 
where ; that every absence from a study collection, not 
understood by the officer in charge, should be reported to 
the Superintendent, and that the usual five minutes' recess 
at 11 A.M. should be changed, during the remainder of 
the term, to 10 o'clock, after the end of which no eating of 
lunch should be allowed in the study-room." 

This " lunch " was formerly a prerogative of the Seniors, 
which had been extended to the whole college, but the dese- 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 389 

cration of the study-room thus involved was more apparent 
than real, for the famous pies were indeed worthy of the 
place. For once Plato and Epicurus were at peace. 

But study was not the only purpose that this room sub- 
served. Here the forces were marshalled for those soul- 
thrilling debates with which the walls of the present 
dining-room so often resounded. Here, too, about the 
glowing stove, imagination tried her boldest flights, while 
the Freshman was shut out from the charmed circle, till he 
had earned admission by a song. Here, as nowhere else, 
the students learned to respect each other's personality. 

The following resolution, adopted (?) by the students for 
the sake of preserving good order and keeping cushion hos- 
tilities within due bounds, are taken from The Collegian of 
this period : 

Resolved, That if any person be struck by a cushion he 
is not allowed to throw more than six in return — double 
the number at a Freshman. If the person that threw it be 
not conveniently near, he will not be allowed to hit, in 
return, more than four unoffending students — double the 
number of Freshmen. On no account will more than ten 
cushions be allowed to describe parabolas at one time. 
Chairs are not to be used as missiles until all cushions are 
exhausted. 

This may seem like unfair discrimination against the 
Freshmen, but it must be remembered that, at this time, 
very benighted views were generally entertained with regard 
to their proper treatment, although Haverford in this re- 
spect held a position far in advance of most colleges. Here 
hazing was a very mild ordeal. It consisted merely of the 
blanket rites in the gymnasium, and a few other harmless 
ceremonies, deemed necessary to show the newcomers their 



390 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

relative inferiority and teach them due respect for author- 
ity. This year especially, they were treated with extreme 
consideration. The Sophomores had among their number 
a disciple of Lucretia Mott, a great admirer of Lowell and 
Whittier, those champions of the weak against the strong, 
into whose "mores^' the "studia" of Dymond had entered 
and borne fruit. With him for their Nestor, they deter- 
mined not to maltreat the Freshmen, simply because they 
were Freshmen, but, as long as they remained civil, to leave 
them unmolested — to which purpose they steadfastly ad- 
hered, even in spite of provocation that almost shook their 
faith in its wisdom. But, instead of introducing a new era 
in this respect at Haverford, as they had hoped, they were 
chagrined to find that their example was wholly ignored. 
The Freshmen themselves seemed to consider the plan a 
failure, and, when their time came, returned with full accord 
and redoubled energy to the old custom. 

Allusion has already been made to the absence of class 
feeling at Haverford. Considerable rivalry, however, ex- 
isted between the two literary societies, the Everett and the 
Athenseum, and no efforts were spared to secure new mem- 
bers. Their respective merits, real as well as imaginary, were 
eloquently set forth, and the newcomer, particularly if he 
showed signs of promise, was besieged with such pertinacity 
that at length, from sheer exhaustion, he dropped into one 
society or the other — it mattered little which. 

Among the attractions offered by these societies was the 
use of their private libraries, the existence of which had, up 
to this time, been ignored by the Faculty. As they con- 
sisted chiefly of novels — a branch of literature not repre- 
sented in the college collections — these secret archives were 
eagerly patronized. But the enjoyment of this forbidden 



GOVEENMENT BY THE FACULTY. 391 

fruit was of short duration. In the spring of this year they 
were sold, by order of the Faculty, and the proceeds expended 
for books of a more approved character, to be added to the 
respective sections of the College Library, belonging to the 
societies. 

Besides the two organizations already mentioned, the 
Loganian had as yet lost little of its original prestige. It was 
still comparatively easy to secure a quorum, and no sound 
of reorganization had been heard. The Professors were a 
strong power in the meetings, and their active participation 
did much to encourage general interest, while making the 
exercises profitable to the undergraduates. To the pages of 
The Collegian, which shows at this period a fair modicum 
of wit and wisdom, "Dr. Dryasdust" was a frequent and 
popular contributor ; in short, he was generally considered 
the most literary character in college. 

An innovation of this winter, which gave no little satis- 
faction to the students, was the introduction of mid-year 
examinations, each class being allowed two subjects. Nor 
did this change involve the sacrifice of the customary ex- 
amination beverage, which Hannah Kite, the kindest of 
matrons, always provided. The generous pitcher of rasp- 
berry shrub still graced the window-seat, and often, when 
sore perplexed by the unfamiliar aspect of some puzzling 
question, did its 

. . . cooling sense 
Glide down our drowsy indolence. 

A matter which seems often to have claimed the attention 
of the Faculty was the use of tobacco — an evil which had 
now increased to such an extent as to demand some more 
decided action. Accordingly it was resolved: "That the 
law requiring the disuse of tobacco by the students should 



392 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

be enforced as thoroughly as possible, after the present 
year; and that every student coming to the college next 
year, and afterwards, should be made distinctly to under- 
stand, by public announcement at the end of this year and 
by information extended to applicants for admission, that 
he will not be allowed to remain here in the use of 
tobacco." 

The character of the instruction and class-room exercises 
at this time were not of such a nature as to give the student 
much opportunity for shirking his daily duty. German 
university methods had not been adopted to any consider- 
able extent. In these days, when somewhat different ideas 
prevail as to the distribution of labor between teacher and 
student, it may not be uninteresting to glance, for the sake 
of comparison, at the code of rules by which the matter was 
regulated at Haverford fifteen years ago. 

" The Faculty, desiring that a high standard of scholar- 
ship and decorum in recitations should be maintained, 
hereby state, for their own guidance and that of all instruc- 
tors in the college, the following particulars as important to 
be observed : 

" (1) Such lessons to be set, preparatory for each recitation, 
as will be likely to require two hours' faithful work on the 
part of well-prepared students. 

" (2) To pursue such methods in hearing recitations as 
will make it obviously necessary for all to study their les- 
sons diligently. 

"(3) Each instructor is authorized and advised to require 
neglected lessons to be prepared satisfactorily by each 
student before he proceeds further with his class — whatever 
class it may be. 

"(4) To require the chief performance of the recitations 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 393 

from the students, and as little as possible from himself, 
interrogatively or otherwise. 

"(5) While duly interspersing illustrative matter not 
found in the lesson, to see that the time is nevertheless one 
of mental discipline rather than of discursive entertainment 
for the students. 

" (6) To prevent books not required to be read in the reci- 
tation from being opened by students during the hours, by 
requiring them to be left outside, or in some other way. 

" (7) To be careful that attitudes of feet, person, or seats, 
not proper in polite company ; whispering, munching, and 
defacing of property not his own, be avoided by each 
student. 

" (8) All petitions for excuse from recitations to be referred 
to the Superintendent ; and all absences to be reported to 
him on the day of their occurrence." 

Mention should here be made of a debating club, called 
" The Grasshopper," which now terminated its existence of 
two short years. During this summer its members published 
their second annual paper, under the title "'0 TETTIS" 
although little encouragement was offered by the authori- 
ties, as is shown by the following minute: 

" 1874, 5th month 14th. It was concluded to inform such 
students as seemed interested in printing a sheet at the close 
of this year, similar to the unauthorized paper called The 
Grasshopper, which appeared in the summer vacation last 
year, that everything proposed to be printed in said paper 
must first be submitted to the Faculty, and obtain their 
approval, before it is printed ; that some other name for the 
paper should be chosen than The Grasshopper, and that no 
trifling personal allusions to students or others should be 
admitted." 



394 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Under these restrictions the paper saw the light, and 
proved no unworthy predecessor of the present Haver- 
fordian. Two extracts from this " Schwanen-Gesang " 
may not be out of place here. The first is from an article 
entitled " A Talk with Professor Emeritus, " in which the 
Professor states his theory of the co-ordination of life. 

"You are right," said he; "gray hairs will come to a 
man, but I have never been able to understand why they 
should bring with them all those gloomy forebodings, that 
sere-and-yellow-leaf condition so often lamented. I feel the 
same joyous fluttering of heart that I felt long 3'^ears ago, 
when, a curly-haired little fellow, I was wont to walk to 
church with my mother, listening the while to sound of 
Sabbath bell and happy woodbird singing. There is a joy- 
fulness in me that I suspect was born with me. A light, 
laughing sprite hovered over my cradle, as I, baby-fisted 
and wide-mouthed, played with paper dolls and painted 
rattles. The same sprite — I suppose it is the same — wakens 
me still on sunny mornings ; the same wondrous heart-bound 
of jo}^ makes me toss up my hat like a freed school-boy, and 
dignity alone prevents me from throwing somersets and 
leaping gates, as I did nearly half a century ago, to the 
great admiration of all nimble-footed lassies of my ac- 
quaintance. 

" I don't remember much of my cradle experience, but I 
suspect that I — the Professor — am the same, the very same, 
who once sat bolt upright in the midst of a sea of pillows, 
rejoicing in the contents of a mysterious white bottle, which 
came I knew not whence, and went I knew not whither, 
seemingly guided by my will alone. Yes, I am he. I don't 
see why threescore years (that is a small dip into the ocean 
of time) should drain all the sap from my legs, and quench 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 395 

all the light of this beautiful world — why the pathway 
that once seemed golden, stretching upward through aereal 
groves, angel-haunted, to Paradise, should suddenly turn 
downward, leading through dim cypress-woods, past tot- 
tering and moss-grown walls — down, down to some salt sea 
vale, where darkness broods, and the ominous night-bird 
flutters — I say I am not able to see the reason for such a 
state of things. The young baby closes his eyes in death, 
and there is a smiling light in them to the last. Why 
should the old baby do otherwise? The one has been 
wafted quickly aloft, with scarcely a glance at this lower 
paradise — the beauty of earth. Happier he who after long 
toiling, not rewardless, having viewed the glory of earth 
and the wonder of life, reaches the goal, laden with honor 
and buoyant with hope !" 

The second quotation is from a poem, called " Palin- 
genesis," in which the poet pays a fine tribute to his Alma 
Mater. 

Oh, fair she stands, amid her rolling fields, 

The dear old mother in her matron bloom I 
Firm in a faith whose answering spirit shields 
Her gentler nature from the touch of doom. 
" Not wiser, but with better faith endowed " — 
A faith within whose fane a Fox, a Barclay, bowed. 

Her highest heritage her Quaker name, 

Her greatest glory her unstained renown ; 
Her one ambition an exalted aim, 

Her only ornament her spotless crown ; 
Her surest strength her sons' eternal love — 
A wide foundation that no shocks may move. 

Long may her gray walls glimmer through the trees, 

To catch the first beam of the joyous dawn ! 
Long may the sunset's crimson pageantries 

Gild with slant splendor her Elysian lawn ! 
With every blessing may her paths endure 
To farthest time, unbroken, peaceful, pure ! 



396 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

It was about this time tliat the line of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, which, until then, ran along the college boundary 
between the cottage and Dr. Lyons's school, was changed so 
as to run east of the Lancaster turnpike, and the station was 
removed about a quarter of a mile north of its form " 
location on the college grounds ; and here, at the new 
Haverford College Station, the post-office named Haverf d 
College was then located, and has since remained. [ le 
Managers petitioned to have the road from the new stal ii 
extended along the old railroad track, which was done, id 
the thundering iron-horse is replaced by the quieter pi i,s- 
ure-carriage of the neighborhood. 

The year 1874 opened sadly enough for Haveri 'd. 
Samuel J. Gummere, who had been, for twenty y< rs, 
associated with the college, and had served since 1864 a its 
first President, was stricken down by illness and unab to 
discharge the duties of his office. His classes were assi: .ed 
to Pliny E. Chase and to Ludovic Estes, who had rec< tly 
been appointed Assistant Professor of Classics and M he- 
matics, while the business management was soon 'ter 
transferred to John H. Dillingham. 

A few weeks later, on the 23d of 10th month, the whole 
community was saddened by the announcement of his 
death. All work at the college was suspended, and there 
were none who did not feel a deep sense of personal 
bereavement. The students, some of whom acted as pall- 
bearers, reverentl}^ followed his body to the simple burial 
ground, by the Haverford Meeting House, which, in its 
quiet seclusion, seemed a fit resting-place for one whose life 
had been so true and unpretending. The Faculty adopted 
the following appropriate minute ; 

"By compassionate kindness, combined with dignity and 



^. 




F-RESIDENT SAIVIUEL J. GU]VI1S/LERE . 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 397 

propriety of manner, and by admirable mastery of the 
subjects which he taught, and clearness in elucidating their 
difficulties, he won not only the love of his pupils, but their 
great esteem. His patient example of quiet forbearance 
under trying circumstances, his tenderness lest he should 
wound the feelings of any, the steady regularity with which 
he followed his prescribed duties from day to day, and his 
faithful endeavors to discharge whatever he conceived to be 
his duty, have commended his memory to our hearts as a 
strengthening example and an instructive legacy. His 
colleagues in the Faculty feel that they have lost a prudent 
counsellor and a valued friend." 

And we must place on record, as a part of this History, 
our willing memorial to one whose rare character entitles 
him to a shrine of loving memory in the hearts of all who 
knew him : 

" None knew him but to love him, 
Nor named him but to praise." 

Samuel James Gummere, eldest son of John and Miza- 
beth B. Gummere, was born at Rancocas, New Jersey, 4th 
month 28th, 1811. His education was mainly acquired at his 
father's school, in Burlington, and naturally enough took a 
strong mathematical tinge. An old member of the school 
relates that the " big boys " used to take little Samuel upon 
their laps while he worked out for them their problems in 
arithmetic or algebra. Fortunatel}^, however, he was taught 
the classics by a sound and enthusiastic scholar — William 
Strong — then a recent graduate of Yale, and assistant 
teacher in John Gummere's school, but since famous as a 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The 
love of classical literature clung to S. J. Gummere through- 
out his life. He was " saturated," to use a Harvard pro- 
fessor's phrase, with Horace, and sometimes found delight 



308 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ill the composition of Latin verse. An ode, "Ad Hovologium 
3Ieum" was found after his death, pasted behind the penda- 
liira of his large clock, but modestly concealed from view by 
a picture of the Haverford Observatory.^ 

After some experience of teaching in his father's school 
he accepted, in 1831, an important post at Providence, and 
undertook the task of organizing a classical department at 
the Friends' School. Young as he was, he seems to have 
been successful from the start. 

Among his pupils was Pliny Earle Chase; while the 
society of Moses Brown, and other prominent Friends of 
Providence, remained in after-years the subject of delightful 
memories. When, however, the new school was opened at 
Haverford, and he was asked to assist his father there in 
the department of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 
he accepted the appointment, and, with his young wife — a 
daughter of John Griscom — began a connection which, with 
one long interruption, lasted until his death. 

Ill 1843 he withdrew, with his father, from Haverford 
School and moved to Burlington, where the old boarding 
and day-school was renewed under their joint management. 
On the 9th of 1st month, 1845, he married his second wife, 
Elizabeth H. Barton, whose son is the present Professor 
Francis Barton Gummere. From 1845 — in which year his 
father died — he had sole charge of the school until 1862. In 
1854 he went abroad, spending his time chiefly in England, 
France and Switzerland. In 1862 he was called as " Prin- 
cipal " to Haverford College, and (with change of title in 
1864 to "President") remained in this position until his 
death. Of vigorous constitution, he slowly yielded to the 



^This ode has been gracefully translated by John Collins. 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 399 

stress of anxiety and overwork, and died of debility or heart 
failure 10th month 23d, 1874. Shortly before his death, he 
had been removed from Founders' Hall to the neighboring- 
residence of his brother-in-law, Benjamin V. Marsh. He 
was buried in the little graveyard in the woods, near the 
Meeting House, and rests not far from his predecessor, 
Joseph G. Harlan. 

Like his father, S. J. Gummere was a mathematician; but, 
unlike the former, he published no important contributions 
to the science. His facult}^ lay rather in exposition, where 
he was unquestionably a master. Old students recall his 
clearness and precision in the class-room when dealing with 
Calculus or the more difficult problems of Astronomy. He 
was Honorary Master of Arts of Brown University, and a 
member of the American Philosophical Society; but his 
duties as President of Haverford occupied time that other- 
wise would have been devoted to special research. What 
little he did in this direction, however, was well done. A 
wide reader, he seldom betrayed the extent of his culture, 
unless to pupils or intimate friends ; and he kept in conceal- 
ment the verses which often flowed from a ready and not 
ungraceful pen. A certain reserve mastered, and some- 
times hampered, his acts. Though slight of figure, he was 
very muscular, and delighted in exercise. He was always 
an admirable swimmer; and in the last year of his life he 
appeared on the skating-pond and showed all the skill and 
resources of the old-fashioned school of skaters.^ 

" There is much unwritten of what may be called the 
dark days of the college, which, if truly written, would show 
how great were the services of President Gummere, while 

^ The paragraphs that follow are quoted from Edward P. AUinson's article 
on S. J. Gnmmere in The Haverfordian, Vol. VIII, No 6, March, 1887. 



400 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

he held the helm with matchless patience and tact, when 
the best friends- of the college were discouraged and divided 
in council. The strain which he bore so silently, doubtless 
largely contributed to his death, which his simple life and 
sound constitution should have postponed to the full Scrip- 
tural limit. 

" Professor Gummere was of such a modest, retiring dis- 
position that a casual acquaintance would scarcely have 
realized how versatile w^ere his acquirements, how really 
remarkable were his intellectual powers. His reputation 
as an astronomer and mathematician was national ; and 
his interest in these sciences led him to accompanj^^ Professor 
Morton's party to Iowa, to take observations of the total 
eclipse of the sun, in 1869. 

"To profound scholarship in the exact and physical sci- 
ences he added an excellent knowledge of the classics and a 
ready proficiency in the modern languages, and of these he 
was especially fond of the Spanish. An extended course of 
reading, guided by a correct and simple taste, together with 
the enlarged views gained by considerable travel at home 
and abroad, contributed a completeness to his culture that 
many men so eminently gifted in one direction often miss. 

"Reticent and undemonstrative by nature, he was genial 
and approachable, and in private life often displayed flashes 
of taste, wit and humor of high order. His talent for im- 
parting knowledge and maintaining discipline was w^on- 
drous; his mere presence insured unconscious good order 
and attention. His was the hand of steel beneath the glove 
of silk. In person he was slight and almost spare, of active 
habits and a tireless walker; he loved to walk about the 
grounds, to frequent the cricket matches; for every student. 
Senior or Freshman, he had a pleasant word or smile when 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 401 

he met them. The affectionate respect which every student 
carried away with him, amounted almost to reverence, and 
their recollection of him grew brighter year by year, as 
they mixed with the world and found how rare was such a 
character as his." 

It is impossible to pass over the history of this period 
without allusion to the impression which he produced upon 
all who came under his immediate influence. In the class- 
room his gentle manner and quiet self-control claimed the 
respect of his pupils, while his learning and skill as an 
instructor won their highest admiration. His ability as a 
mathematician was manifest to all; but that he had been 
for years a teacher of the classics and that he wrote Latin 
odes for pastime were facts which his modesty did not pro- 
claim. In a letter, written a few days after his death, one 
of the students says of him : " No man was ever more be- 
loved by his pupils and more lamented by his friends and 
associates than Professor S. J. Gummere. His abilities were 
not altogether appreciated, except by those who had much 
intercourse with him. He was so humble, meek and lowly 
minded that he did not shine, but his depth of mind was 
not easily measured." 

Irreparable as was the loss which Haverford sustained in 
the death of President Gummere, it was mitigated, as far as 
possible, by the high ability of his associates. Though not 
large in point of numbers, the Faculty of Haverford College 
was at the time strong in moral power and intellectual at- 
tainments. Their contact, too, with the students was so 
close that their personal influence was strongly felt. It was, 
in the truest sense, the relation of teacher and pupil ; with 
the respect and admiration which only the best teachers 
inspire, was not infrequently mingled an almost filial afl'ec- 

26 



402 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

tion. This was, perhaps, most strikingly shown in the 
following winter, when there occurred one of the most 
genuine and lasting religions awakenings that Haverford 
has ever experienced. In this connection, the name of 
Professor Plin}^ E. Chase is deserving of special mention. 
As one who had himself " fought his doubts," he seemed to 
anticipate every difficulty, and his earnest, timely counsel 
helped his pupils to gain something of that strength which 
he had gathered, and of that "surer faith" which he pos- 
sessed in such large measure. "Stepping-stones" he said 
he wished to point out, upon which the feet might rest with 
safety, and many who have listened to his teaching feel that 
they owe him a debt of gratitude, not merely for the mental 
breadth of his instruction, but also for the spiritual truths 
to which he faithfully guided them. 

It was not long a matter of doubt who was to succeed to the 
position made vacant by the death of President Gummere. 
Hand semper eratfama, aliquando et elegit. And who, indeed, 
so deserving of the highest honor in the keeping of Haver- 
ford, or so able to direct her future course, as he who had 
stood by her during the dark hours of her history, who had 
been most instrumental in the work of raising her to the 
rank of a college, and had impressed upon her, in such 
marked degree, the stamp of his own liberal culture and 
generous scholarship ? 

On the 3d of 5th month, 1875, Professor Thomas Chase 
was appointed President of Haverford College. His letter 
of acceptance shows how keenly alive he was to the demands 
of his office and how clearly he appreciated the needs of 
the institution : 

"The time, I trust, has come," he says, "when a vigorous 
and successful effort can be made to place the institution 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 403 

upon surer foundations, increase the number of students, 
enlarge and improve the accommodations for them, and in 
many ways raise the character and reputation of the college. 
Two things are especially desirable — a greater number of 
students and the erection of a new building. The attain- 
ment of the second end will greatly contribute to the attain- 
ment of the first. " He did not know that some of the most 
influential members of the Board sternly resisted any con- 
siderable increase in the number of students. 

He also calls attention to the necessity of making the 
advantages off'ered by Haverford better known to the public^ 
and of forming closer relations with preparatory schools 
which might serve as " feeders " to the college. He urges, 
further, the importance of maintaining a still higher stan- 
dard of scholarship and insisting upon greater thorough- 
]iess of preparation on the part of candidates for admission. 
Upon his recommendation, also, legal steps were taken by 
which the title of " Haverford School Association " was 
changed to that of " The Corporation of Haverford College," 
a matter which had been overlooked, and the charter was 
so amended as to allow the college to hold property " of the 
clear yearly value of $50,000." This was done in 1875, on 
the 6th of 12th month, when the Delaware County Court 
issued the decree authorizing the change. 

It will be seen that the above suggestions pointed toward 
very important changes in student life at Haverford and in 
the character of the institution itself. Yet their wisdom, in 
the light of subsequent events, cannot be questioned. With- 
out larger accommodations and greater recognition of the 
principle of self-government and individual responsibility 
in methods of discipline, it would have been impossible for 
Haverford to increase in point of numbers, or materially to 
advance her standard. 



404 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The narrative of what followed was written by the late 
lamented Edward L. Scull, who, we believe, was himself the 
Manager modestly referred to in the account. 

"The year 1875 was made memorable in the history of the 
college by the initiation of the effort which resulted in the 
building of Barclay Hall. One morning, in the spring of 
that year, a conversation took place between a Manager and 
a certain warm friend of Haverford,' in the course of which 
the latter made some remarks relative to the imperfect pro- 
vision afforded the students for lodging and study, a subject 
which had often claimed his attention when his own son 
had been a student some years previously. Before the 
interview closed he made the generous proposal to give the 
sum of five thousand dollars toward the erection of a com- 
modious new hall for dormitories and studies, adding that, 
should the project find favor, he might subscribe a second 
five thousand during the following year, which was subse- 
quently done. 

"Such unlooked-for aid proved a sufficient stimulus to 
place the enterprise at once on a firm footing. Before sun- 
down that same day four more subscriptions, amounting to 
twenty-three thousand dollars in all, including the fore- 
going, had been secured, followed in a few days by consider- 
able further sums. A special meeting of the Board was 
held 4th month 9th, when a Building Committee was ap- 
pointed to collect funds and prepare plans for the proposed 
building, to which its present name of Barclay Hall was 
given before the foundation was fairly laid. Early in second 
month, 1876, the contract was awarded to Yarnall & Cooper, 
the same builders who in 1864 had erected Alumni Hall. 

^ Jacob P. Jones, of Philadelphia. 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 405 

In the autumn of 1877 it was opened for the occupation of 
the students. It is built of granite, presenting a very at- 
tractive appearance and offering comfortable accommoda- 
tions in private studies and chambers for about eighty 
students, 

" The success of this movement is all the more creditable 
to the generous subscribers to the fund from the fact that 
the work was begun and carried through in a time of severe 
and unusual financial depression. The amount of labor 
quietly and unobtrusively done by the earnest men in these 
committees can only be appreciated by those who have 
been similarly engaged themselves, and, together with the 
liberality of the contributors, deserves the most grateful 
recognition." 

The arrangement made with the Faculty, in 1871, hav- 
ing terminated, in consequence of the death of President 
Gummere, a similar one was entered into with President 
Chase and Samuel Alsop, Jr., " putting into their hands the 
care and control of the internal administration and giving 
them an interest in the pecuniary results." 

In the summer of 1875 Samuel Alsop, Jr.,' first entered 
upon his duties as Superintendent and Professor of As- 
tronomy and Physics. The students felt that they were 
already somewhat acquainted with their new instructor 
from their familiarity with his father's Algebra. As Super- 
intendent, he was intrusted with the entire charge of all 
matters of discipline, and for this arduous position, as well 
as for his professional duties, he proved himself eminently 
qualified. He seemed to know by intuition where mischief 

^ Hisfather liad also been a distinguished educator, and bore the same name. 
He was the author of several important mathematical text-books. 



406 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGK. 



was brewing, and thus forestalled many a well-planned es- 
capade, while his quiet firmness gained for him the respect 
and allegiance of the students. 

Another Professor, who was destined to plaj^ a most im- 
portant part in the future history of Haverford, also made 
his debut at the beginning of this term. Isaac Sharpless, 
who had recently graduated with distinction at the Law- 
rence Scientific School at Harvard University, was called 




RESIDENCE OF PRESIDENT SHARPLESS. 



from Westtown to fill the chair of Mathematics in the col- 
lege. From the first he won the favor of the students and 
enjoyed the reputation of getting a great deal of work out 
of his classes, with very little friction (or, in student-par- 
lance, "kicking"). His popularity with the Senior Class 
dated from a debate — in which he bore off the palm — as 
to what amount of noise might properly be made by tliat 



GOVEKNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 407 

august body immediately underneath his study. From 
tliis it is not to be inferred that the class in question 
was a particularly noisy one. In fact, its size considered, 
rather the contrary is true, while the quality of the sound 
produced was certainly above the average. Music, it is true, 
was not exactly encouraged by the college authorities, yet 
the class of '76 furnished quite a respectable quartette, with 
some additional talent for the choruses. Indeed, one youth, 
more ambitious than the rest, sometimes attempted instru- 
mental music, always, however, in the privacy of his own 
apartment. One day, as he had adjusted his long legs to 
the narrow dimensions of his bed, and sat, with elbows high 
in the air, vainly endeavoring to extort harmony from the 
unwilling flute, the door suddenly opened, revealing a 
goodly length of bonnet, framing a kind and familiar face, 
which, gazing long and sadly upon him, at length vanished 
with the laconic reproach — " And thee's a Friend's child ! " 

While the Faculty was increased, as above indicated, it 
lost, at the close of this year, a valuable member, in Dr. 
Henry Hartshorne. He had been connected with the col- 
lege for nine years as Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, 
with such kindred teaching '• as way opened for." His in- 
fluence upon the minds of his pupils, however, was not con- 
fined to the department in which he was such an eminent 
authority. His broad culture and high attainments were 
universally recognized, while his smooth and elegant dic- 
tion and the calm serenity of his character were not lost 
upon his youthful hearers. 

Dr. Henry Hartshorne was born in Philadelphia in 1823, 
and was the son of an eminent and successful physician and 
surgeon, Dr. Joseph Hartshorne, who was descended from 
Richard Hartshorne, one of the first Friends to settle in 



408 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

New Jersey, several years earlier than William Penn's ar- 
rival in Pennsylvania. Henry graduated at Haverford in 
1839, and received the degree of A.M. on thesis, in 1860. 
In this interval he had studied medicine in the Universit}^ 
of Pennsylvania, from which he took the degree of M.D. in 
1845. The same institution conferred upon him the hono- 
rary degree of LL.D. in 1884. He married, in 1849, a 
daughter of Jeremiah Brown ; in 1858-9 he travelled with 
his wife through parts of Europe and up the Nile to the site 
of ancient Thebes. Dr. Hartshorne has shown much versa- 
tility in his studies, and, both as a medical man and an in- 
structor, chiefly on medical or hygienic subjects, he has held 
a great number of important positions. At diff'erent times 
he has occupied those of resident physician at the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital; attending physician at the Episcopal and 
Philadelphia Hospitals, and consulting physician at the 
Woman's Hospital. He was Secretary of the Pennsylvania 
State Medical Society in 1858, Vice-President of the Ameri- 
can Health Association in 1875-6, and prize essayist of the 
American Medical Association in 1856, taking the prize for 
an essay on "Arterial Circulation." In 1860 he was elected a 
member of the American Philosophical Society. He had 
previously been a member of the Academy of Natural Sci- 
ences of Philadelphia, and in the year 1857-8 was Recorder 
of the Biological Section of that learned body. He was 
also Secretary of Section B of the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science, in 1870. He occupied the 
Professorship of Institutes of Medicine in the Philadelphia 
College of Medicine, from 1853 to 1859; that of Practice of 
Medicine in Pennsylvania College, 1859 to 1862; of Anat- 
omy, Physiology, Hygiene and Natural History in the 
Philadelphia Boys' High School, 1862 to 1868 ; of Hygiene 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 409 

in the University of Pennsylvania, 1866 to 1876; Physiology 
and Hygiene, in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, 
1866 to 1868; of Hygiene and Diseases of Children in the 
Woman's Medical College, and afterward of Physiology and 
Hygiene in the same college, 1867 to 1876 ; of Organic Science 
and Philosophy and afterward of Physiology and Hygiene in 
Haverford College, and of Natural Sciences in Girard Col- 
lege, and was President of the Howland Collegiate School, 
at Union Springs, N. Y., from 1876 to 1878. These are but 
a part of the numerous positions which have been held by 
him in the course of his useful and active life. At one 
time he was a Manager of Haverford College. His literary 
work and scientific publications have also been abundant 
and various — too much so for enumeration here. We may 
cite a few, however, of the more notable, beginning in 1866 
with his " Facts and Conclusions on Cholera." His " Es- 
sentials of Practical Medicine," published in 1867, reached 
the fifth edition, was stereotyped in 1881, was translated into 
Japanese in 1875, and b}^ 1889 22,000 copies of it had been 
sold. The "Conspectus of Medical Sciences for Students," 
1869, was also translated into Japanese and published in 
Japan. A paper on " Pneumonia, its Mortality and Treat- 
ment," 1888, attacking the modern treatment and charging 
the latter with twice the mortality of forty years ago, 
aroused much discussion among medical people. Other 
books were " Our Homes, a Health Primer," 1880, and 
" Household Manual of Hygiene and Domestic Medicine," 
1885. His various editions of foreign medical works, etc., 
have been voluminous. 

Dr. Hartshorne has made a not inconspicuous figure as a 
poet, and besides numerous poetic contributions to leading 
periodicals, published "Summer Songs," about 1860; in 



410 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD C0LLEC4E. 

1886, " Sonnets and other Poems," and in 1888-90, "Ber- 
tram the Prince, an Idyl," which received much attention 
from the literary public, and high praise from critical and 
accomplished pens. He is, without much doubt, the most 
voluminous, versatile and varied writer who was ever a 
Haverford undergraduate. At the present writing he is 
employing his quill as editor of The Friends' Review. 

The year 1876 was marked by a new departure, which was 
to change in important respects the educational character 
of the college. The following extract from President 
Chase's annual report to the Managers may best describe its 
introduction : 

" Four years ago steps were taken for the establishment of 
courses of study preparatory to the degrees of Bachelor of 
Science and Civil Engineering, but although a few students 
were admitted, in the Fall of 1872, on scientific courses, the 
movement proved to be premature. Believing, however, 
that there is a demand in the community for collegiate 
instruction leading to such degrees, we have carefully drawn 
up a programme of scientific study, and organized a scien- 
tific department more systematicall}^ than in the former 
effort. The teaching-force at Haverford was never better 
adapted for the success of such an experiment than at 
present. We have also introduced in the last year-and- 
a-half of our course in the department of arts, to a small 
extent and within well-defined limits, the libert}^ of election 
between certain studies. This, too, is in accordance with a 
tendency of our day, and the example of some other col- 
leges. We concur, however, with the wisest educators of 
our own and of all times, in the opinion that unrestricted 
freedom of election is suited only for full-grown men, ad- 
mitted to universities after having laid well a broad and 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY, 411 

generous foundation of comprehensive general study ; and 
that it ought never to be admitted here to any such extent 
as to diminish the breadth of culture which characterizes 
the true scholar and has so long been our ideal at Haver- 
ford. It would be an imposition upon the community to 
confer baccalaureate degrees upon persons destitute of the 
comprehensive as well as thorough mental training which 
such titles are understood to attest." 

Thus the elective system, which has since become so 
important a factor in many colleges, was fairly inaugurated 
at Haverford. 

The usefulness of the library was at this time greatly 
increased by a card-catalogue, prepared by Josiali W. 
Leeds. 

While in 1876 a " wholesome state of discipline and a 
high scholastic standard were maintained," field-sports were 
not allowed to languish. 

It must not be forgotten that Haverford contributed her 
mite to the success of the great Centennial Exposition of 
this year, by sending of her treasures from the library, as 
well as specimens of the literary work of her professors and 
students ; and though this modest exhibit may not have 
been of especial interest to the ordinary sightseer, yet the 
Sophomore must have felt a thrill of honest pleasure as he 
beheld in such an honored position the map of the college 
grounds, surveyed and drawn by his own hands. 

But an object of still greater interest than even the Main 
Building of the Exposition was now rapidly rising upon the 
college campus. On the 3d of 3d month, 1876, the Build- 
ing Committee reported that a contract had been entered 
into for building the new hall, for the sum of $69,583, and 
that $72,000 had been subscribed for the purpose. Though 



412 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COTXEGE. 

an ardent cricketer was heard to remark that a good crease 
was being spoiled by a questionable building, yet this was 
by no means the prevailing sentiment. The younger class- 
men already began to anticipate with pleasure the greater 
privileges and increased freedom which they were so soon 
to enjoy; and the narrow lodgings in Founders' Hall, 
though endeared to the older residents by many a fraternal 
pillow-fight and nocturnal celebration, had never seemed 
quite so diminutive as when compared with the spacious 
accommodations daily taking shape before their eyes. 
Ever}'^ one felt that a new era was dawning for Haverford. 
The largest class in her history was graduated at this com- 
mencement, and while the spirit of her earlier traditions 
had been in no important respect violated, the letter had 
been so modified as to allow her fuller scope for growth and 
development. 

The presence of so many old Haverfordians from a 
distance as visitors at the Centennial Exhibition, and still 
more the desire to see their Alma Mater represented among 
the many anniversary gatherings which characterized the 
Centennial summer, led the younger alumni to agitate for 
a reunion in Philadelphia. Accordingl}^ a committee, 
representing classes from 1867 to 1875, inclusive, made the 
necessary arrangements, and on 6th month 27th, 1876, about 
one hundred and twenty-five of the old students took dinner 
in the banqueting-room of the Union League Club on 
Broad Street. John Ashbridge, of '67, presided, and Presi- 
dent Chase, as the guest of honor, made an enthusiastic 
speech. Other addresses were made by B. Frank Eshel- 
man, Henry Cope, Charles E. Pratt, Howard Comfort, Ran- 
dolph Winslow, and others. 

Although the evening was too warm to admit of thorough 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 413 

enjoyment of the dinner provided, the intellectual part of 
the affair was an entire success, and it may be set down as 
a " worthy predecessor " of the midwinter dinners of the 
alumni, which were instituted thirteen years later. 

In the 6th month, I. V. Williamson — whose great bequest 
to Trustees to found an Industrial School followed a few 
years later — made a gift of about $10,000 to our college for 
free scholarships. At the commencement the well-merited 
degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Pliny Earle Chase, and 
M.A. upon Professor Wm. H. Pancoast, of Jefferson College, 
a graduate of Haverford before its college days. 

The following words from the report of the Board of 
Managers show clearly the moving impulse and liberal 
tendency of the times : 

" For such an institution as Haverford College, progress 
is a necessary law of its being. In making enlarged provi- 
sion for the home life of the students — for more ample extent 
of study and instruction and more complete appliances 
therefor — and in carrying out a discipline adapted to the 
change from a school to a college, we believe we are but 
acting out this necessary law, and are taking steps to main- 
tain Haverford as a college worthy of the support of the 
whole Society of Friends in America." 

Nor does it conflict with this greater mission to recom- 
mend, as our friend J. Bevan Braithwaite, of London, did, 
in an address to our students on the 1st of 12th month of 
this year, the importance of " writing a good legible hand, 
spelling correctly, and using one's own language grammati- 
cally, as well as obtaining a thorough culture in advanced 
studies. Comparing the letters he received from America, 
with those his mother received fifty years ago, he feared 
there had been a falling off in attention to these fundamen- 
tal and necessary accomplishments." 






414 



HISTOKY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 



We will now let the pendulum of our narrative swing 
back to where we last dropped athletics. 

In the spring of 1873 baseball continued to prosper, and 
we find in The Gem a 'personnel of the team for that 
year. It is very amusing, and from its style must have been 
written by a Freshman — certainly by a freshman in baseball. 
The number of good batters cannot but prove a source of 




OLD BUILDING NEAR MILL CREEK. 



envy to the present ground-committee. The article thus 
begins : 

" The first nine of our glorious baseball club is now com- 
posed of very good material, and with a little practice will 
be one of the best that ever graced our noble Alma Mater. 

" We will try to give a description of each of the players, 
beginning with the Seniors. J. C. Comfort is catcher, and 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 415 

fills that important position very well, is a good hard hitter, 
and one of the most reliable players on the nine. 

" G. Emlen is a good out-fielder, and is mostly sure of a 
fly ; is a middling good batter. 

" J. M. Fox is the pitcher and pitches with great regular- 
ity and judgment; he is a very good batter, and one of our 
best fielders. He fulfils the position of captain, and knows 
just where each player can play best, and the position in 
which he places the nine shows much knowledge and fore- 
thought. 

" Allinson is a middling good third-base man, except that 
he don't ' cover enough room ;' is one of the safest batsmen 
we have. 

" Kirkbride is an excellent first-base, catches all balls 
thrown to him with ease and gracefulness ; is a good hard 
hitter. 

"Jones fills the important position of short-stop, and does 
it very well ; he is one of the best throwers we have, and 
a good, hard, safe batter. 

" Colton is one of the out-fielders; is a very excellent 
thrower, a good catch and medium bat. 

" Lowry, a Senior, we forgot, and beg his pardon for so 
doing. He plays out in the field, is a sure catch, good 
thrower and hard hitter." 

Cricket was now at a low ebb in the college, and the 
efforts of Joseph M. Fox, '73, were directed toward advanc- 
ing it. It seems strange to find his name as pitcher of 
the baseball team. No games were won that year, but with 
the class of '75 came several good cricketers, among whom 
were Hunt, Newlin and Haines. Their presence had its 
result in the autumn of '74, for three victories were then 
scored for Haverford. A match was played that autumn 



416 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

between the Everett and the Athengeum societies, of which 
The Gem thus speaks : 

" Then might have been seen an eleven on the field that 
would have done credit to any University in England or 
America, such bowlers as Hunt, Gummere and Newlin, while 
at the wicket was Haines, and out in the field were men 
like the noble Percy and the great D. F,, a tower of strength 
in himself. 

" The Everett sent first to bat Nick and the manly Tilt, 
and for awhile our bowlers were troubled, but not dis- 
couraged ; runs were made, slow but sure, until at length 
Parker scattered the stumps and Nick returned, a sadder but 
wiser man. No other stands were made by the sons of 
Everett till one of the numerous tribe of Taylors made his 
appearance, but soon even he himself had to acknowledge 
himself vanquished. After this we made short work of 
them ; but they made a well-earned fifty-six (56), and Everett 
stock was in the ascendant. 

"They having taken their positions in tlie field, the 
Athenaeums sent forth Haines and the noble Percy to do 
battle for them, but the gods had not yet deigned to smile 
auspiciously on them, and we were quickly disposed of. 

" Anderson carried out his bat for a good score, and 
F. B. Gummere, by good batting, raised the hopes of our 
eleven and obtained the highest score of the inning, which 
closed for a total of thirty-four." 

The Athenaeum finally won by five wickets. The style 
of the account shows the spirit of enthusiasm which was 
then thrown into cricket. There is a poem in The Collegian 
about this time which echoes this feeling. 

Haverford was, however, not so successful in this spring 
of 75 ; for the Dorian was badly defeated by Germantown. 



GOVERNMENT BY THE FACULTY. 417 

Indeed, it had never yet won a game from a first-class club ; 
Merion being anything but that prior to 1870. Very many • 
class matches were played this Spring. 

The Bud tells of a more fortunate autumn : " Two vic- 
tories for the Dorian have been recorded in the book and 
two elegant individual scores, as the result of the Fall 
practice." These scores were made in a game with the 
" Modocs," wherein F. H. Taylor and J. W. Nicholson, the 
first two in, scored 102 (not out) and 74 (run out) respec- 
tively. We find in the same Bud some " advice to a cricket 
captain," which is valuable as an aid to our conception of 
the then condition of Haverford cricket. 

In the year 187G the tables were completely turned ; 
Haverford was victorious in every game, including those 
with the University of Pennsylvania, and the first eleven 
of the Germantown; while the Modocs, who had won two 
years before, were ignominiously defeated, the Dorians 
making, in the second inning, 209 runs for one wicket. 

In the 10th month of this year, the enlargement of the 
cricket-field was authorized, under the following conditions : 
" (1) The number of matches, and with whom they may be 
played, to be under the control of the Faculty, who were 
also to approve of the conduct on the grounds of those who 
participate ; and discontinue match games, if they should 
prove disadvantageous to the students. (2) No part of the 
expense of the proposed change was to fall on the funds of 
the college corporation; and (3) The change was to be so 
made as to meet the approval of the Executive Committee 
of the Board of Managers. Of this it may be said that the 
growth was healthy and the restrictions, perhaps, were 
wholesome, too. 



27 



CHAPTER XIV. 

BARCLAY HALL BUILT, 1876-81. 

Stately houses we erect, 
And therein think to take delight. — Thomas Ellwood. 

At the Alumni Meeting, in the summer of 1877, the Presi- 
dent of the association, who was unavoidably absent, author- 
ized the association, by letter, to offer a prize of $250, £50 or 
1250 fr., for the best essay on " What can Individuals do most 
effectually to bring about Abandonment of War by Civilized 
Nations?" Francis T. King, James Whitall and John B. 
Garrett were appointed judges, and they proceeded to issue 
a circular, offering the prize, and laying down rules for the 
competition, which was widely published in our own and 
foreign countries. They were " materially aided by an ad- 
vertisement and notice, which were inserted in the London 
Times, through the courtesy of the American Minister at the 
Court of St. James," the late Honorable John Welsh. The 
judges received twenty or thirty essays from different 
parts of the world. The subject was stated in the circular 
to be " The most practicable plan for promoting the speedy 
substitution of judicial for violent methods of settling inter- 
national disputes." The prize was awarded to Leon Chot- 
teau of Suresnes, France, for an essa}^ which he entitled " Le 
Parlement Universel." The author was a publicist, who 
had been special envoy from France to the United States, to 
negotiate a commercial treaty between the two countries. It 

(418) 



n 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 419 

is to be regretted that his essay was untranslated, and has 
never been published, and therefore the prize largely failed 
of its object. Of the other papers competing, the next in 
merit were from Australia and New Zealand. One of these 
has since been published, and forms a valuable contribution 
to the literature of International Arbitration. 

At the succeeding meeting the Committee on History 
made a discouraging report, and recommended the appoint- 
ment of a new committee, "in case the association should 
decide to continue the work." They were, however, con- 
tinued, and the project dragged its slow length along, year 
after year, offering hopes of the prosecution of the work, 
until 1884, when the scheme was for the time abandoned, 
and the committee discharged. The present book is evi- 
dence that it was again revived a few years later, and car- 
ried forward to a successful conclusion. 

The Fall of 1877 marks another distinct period in the his- 
tory of Haverford College. A new and more modern life may 
be said to have begun with the opening of Barclay Hall, 
which was first occupied at the beginning of this academic 
year, in the 9th month. The addition of a new building to 
the college campus did not mean simply enlarged facilities 
and more convenient and comfortable quarters, but it meant 
a total revolution in the life of the students at the college. 
In one sense " the good old days " of Haverford were over. 
The old study-room, with all its associations, was gone. The 
cramped and bare-walled bedrooms, not much larger than 
those at Rugby, were gone. The students would no longer 
study under the eye of an instructor, and were free from 
many petty rules and regulations. By the arrangement of 
the new building each student has the privilege of a separate 
bedroom, each pair of these rooms opening into a private 



420 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

parlor or study-room for the exclusive use of two students. 
Luxury was succeeding to severity. Was it the dawn of a 
Golden Age ? 

All the friends of Haverford were watching the beginning 
of its new career with great interest and hopefulness ; but 
so great a change did not take place without serious appre- 
hension on tlie part of many. One of the sources of anxiety 
was the greatly increased freedom necessarily allowed the 
students, under the arrangement of separate study-rooms, 
where it was impossible for an officer to observe whether 
they were properly employing their hours, or were playing 
games, or idling their time in gossip, or wasting it in reading 
novels, or worse. It is not strange that officers, who had 
believed there was need of so much care and restraint in 
the old study-room, should feel anxious, when not only the 
boys were behind their backs but " sporting the oak." 

The time had not advanced far, however, before it became 
evident that the students were doing better work, and in a 
far more satisfactory way, than was possible under the old 
system. 

The President, in his report, feels it a cause of congratu- 
lation that so many of the hopes expressed in his letter of 
acceptance two and a half years ago have been fulfilled. 
Barclay Hall has been erected ; a scientific course of study 
put into successful operation ; the elective system in the 
higher classes has gained a firm hold and is working satis- 
factorily. The Managers, also, express satisfaction in these 
improvements, but are exercised that the best traditions 
of the college shall be preserved. 

As the year progressed, more and more confidence was 
felt in the young men themselves, and Professor Alsop 
wore a less anxious face. Individual responsibility and the 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 421 

sense of increased advantages, in the unspeakable privilege 
of private, uninterrupted study, and the feeling that the 
student himself was chiefly concerned as to whether he was 
improving his opportunities, led to results which no system 
of w^atching and restraint could ever produce. With the 
exception of the evening collection for reading the Bible, 
and the rule to extinguish the lights at 10 o'clock, there 
were few interruptions to the absolute and untrammelled 
freedom of an orderly youth. 

Practically, the only time each student had to give an 
account of himself, was at the hour of recitation, which, as 
yet, had not become a lecture. Yet the manner in which 
some of the professors conducted their classes was begin- 
ning to convince the student that he himself, and not the 
professor, was the one concerned as to whether he was gain- 
ing the object of his stay at the institution. 

It was interesting to note how personal responsibility in- 
creased, in proportion as each professor's evident concern 
was, that every opportunity and incentive should be offered 
for a knowledge of the subject in hand, rather than that 
lessons should be unprepared, or the student drift toward 
examination, and strand on it. The man who was thus 
drifting, sooner or later, if left to himself, began to realize 
his situation, and finding that no one was looking out for 
him, aroused himself and went to work in earnest. 

Undoubtedly the sense of honor as to conduct, which the 
new system was developing, to the gratification of the 
Faculty and Managers, led the professors to trust each 
man to do his own work, and thus it was that the builders 
of Barclay Hall " builded more wisely than they knew." 

The graduates and friends of the college, who have not 
visited it since the erection of Barclay Hall, will be inter- 



422 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

ested in the following more detailed account taken from an 
article which appeared in TJie Friends^ Review soon after its 
completion : 

" In his letter accepting his appointment, early in the year 
1875, the President of Haverford College called the atten- 
tion of the Managers to the great desirableness of the erec- 
tion of a new building, containing private studies for the 
students, with convenient bedrooms attached, and expressed 
his conviction that the time had come when, by an earnest 
effort, this and other important improvements could be suc- 
cessfully undertaken. He had hardly more than completed 
the letter wdien he was called upon by a member of the 
Board, whose mind had, independently, been turned the 
same way, and who came, full of enthusiasm, to discuss the 
proper plan and arrangements of such a building. As the 
idea was imparted to others, it met with great favor in the 
liberal and enlightened circle of friends and supporters of 
the college. A building committee of judicious and active 
men was appointed by the Managers ; they consulted with 
the officers and graduates, and with experts in matters of 
the kind, employed a skilful architect, and soon determined 
upon the plan which has been so happily carried to comple- 
tion in Barclay Hall. Other committees, both of the Mana- 
gers and alumni, undertook the no less important work of 
raising contributions to cover the expense of building. The 
success which they met with is all the more creditable to 
the generous subscribers to the fund, from the fact that the 
work was begun and carried through in a time of severe 
and unusual financial depression. The amount of labor 
quietly and unobtrusively done by the earnest meu in these 
committees can only be appreciated by those who have 
been similarly engaged themselves, and, together with the 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 423 

liberality of the contributors, deserves the most grateful 
recognition. 

" And now there stands in a commanding position in the 
beautiful park of Haverford College, a stately edifice of 
granite, which would be admired for its fitness for academic 
purposes, and for its simple and appropriate beauty, if it 
stood on the banks of the Cam, the Isis, or the Charles. 
Occupied for the first time at the beginning of the present 
autumn term, it has already more than fulfilled the expecta- 
tions of its projectors, in the addition which its admirable 
accommodations have made to the comfort and happiness 
of the students, the extent to which it has promoted habits 
of diligent private study, and the promise it gives of 
attracting larger numbers to our college. 

" The exterior walls are of Port Deposit granite, of a light 
bluish hue, most grateful to the eye. Just above the beau- 
tiful dimple, which is so attractive a feature in the north- 
eastern part of the college park, the new hall stretches for 
nearly two hundred and twenty feet from north to south, 
while its central tower rises to the height of one hundred 
and ten feet. The eastern front presents a noble appearance 
to the traveller on the Pennsylvania Railroad between 
Ardmore and Bryn Mawr, and the building is a pleasant 
feature in the landscape for the whole neighboring country. 
The style, dignified and simple, but not severe, has gained 
very general commendation, and reflects great credit upon 
the good taste of the architect, Addison Hutton. While 
there is little unnecessary and elaborate ornamentation, ' it 
is easy to discover, in the broken outline, the turreted 
tower, the bay windows, an occasional buttress and pointed 
arch, the spirit of that style of Gothic architecture which is 
the most readily and successfully adapted to collegiate 



424 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

buildings.' The danger of a monotonous effect, imminent 
in so long a building, has been skilfully avoided, and a 
scholastic character is impressed upon the whole, so that 
the edifice could not be mistaken for a factory, a hospital, 
or an asylum. 

" It is believed that graduates and friends of the college 
will be interested in the following somewhat detailed de- 
scription of the new hall : ' The building is two hundred 
and eighteen feet four inches in length, and forty feet in 
general width ; the central section, however, has a width of 
sixty-five feet two inches. The first floor is elevated five 
feet three inches from the grade of the front lawn. The 
first story is twelve feet three inches, the second story eleven 
feet, and the third story eleven feet from floor to floor. The 
central tower is eighteen feet square externally, and has a 
total height to the vane of one hundred and ten feet. The 
central section has one eastern and two western portals, and 
contains on the first floor an office, a general reception par- 
lor, and a collection-room.' The latter is very comfortably 
seated with chairs, and its walls bear appropriate mottoes. 
' A corridor seven feet wide traverses the entire length of 
the building. On either side of this, on each story, are 
ranged the studies and chambers. Each story has two bath- 
rooms. At each extreme end of the building are four rooms, 
two on either side of the corridor, of such size that they may 
be used at convenience, either as chambers or studies, en- 
abling any student who desires it to have an apartment ex- 
clusively by himself. Between these and the central section 
lie four study-rooms, each having a chamber on each side of 
it. The chambers themselves are sufficiently large for pri- 
vate study. This is the arrangement on all the stories, thus 
giving in the wings twenty-four studies with forty-eight 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 425 

communicating chambers, and twenty-four rooms which 
may be used for either studies or chambers.' Seventy-two 
students may thus be accommodated in the wings. The 
centre building is divided into six large rooms on the second 
and third stories each ; these are to be used, so far as neces- 
sary, for the residence of the Superintendent, while those not 
needed for this purpose will furnish additional rooms for 
students. 

"The walls of the building are faced externally with Port 
Deposit granite, laid with rock-face broken range-work and 
pointed with dark mortar; the rough walling is done with 
stone found in the vicinity. Above the inner arch of the 
eastern portal the motto of the college is carved on Nova 
Scotia stone in mediaeval text. All internal walls required 
to support the floors are constructed with bricks. The roof 
is mainly slate; there is a deck, however, covered with 
metal. 

" The floors are laid with yellow pine ; those of the first 
story are of double thickness. The joinery is almost entirely 
white pine. The entrance doors, and the two staircases 
(one to each wing) are all of oak. All the woodwork inside 
the building is finished with oil and shellac, so as to exhibit 
the natural grain of the wood. 

" Two large high-pressure boilers in the basement furnish 
the steam which heats the house. The warming is done by 
what is termed indirect radiation, steam coils being placed 
at the bases of the warm-air flues, and not in the rooms. 
The exceptions to this are in the collection-room and in the 
corridors, which have direct radiation. The air-duct com- 
municates with the outer air by windows, always open, and 
is arranged to be entirely separate from the other apartments 
in the basement, and thus free from the usual odors and 



426 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

dust in that quarter. The coils are placed in this air-duct, 
and so divided that each room in the building shall have 
its own supply of warmed air. 

" The ventilation of the rooms is secured by means of 
open fire-places, of which each room has one. Registers 
near the ceiling allow the escape of superfluous hot air. 
Hot and cold water are plentifully supplied, and the house 
is furnished with all the modern conveniences. The closets 
in the basement are ventilated by means of large flues, 
heated at the base with steam coils. 

" The generous men and women, through whose contri- 
butions Barclay Hall has been erected, ma}^ congratulate 
themselves upon the certainty that their bounty will largely 
promote the success and prosperity of a most useful and 
valuable institution." 

About this time came a crisis in Haverford cricket, for 
the defeat by Germantown had greatly discouraged all; 
but F. H. Taylor, '76, took charge of the team, and by hard 
work and systematic practice they reached the goal of their 
efforts, scoring a victory over Germantown. To this they 
added in the Fall another over Belmont. 

In the Spring of 1877 the opening of the new cricket- 
ground, begun the previous autumn, was celebrated with 
much eclat in a match between twenty-two students and 
twenty-two of the alumni. The expense of the improve- 
ment, amounting to over one thousand dollars, had been 
contributed by some one hundred and fifty of Haverford's 
sons — a committee of old students, headed by Henry Cope, of 
'69, having raised the money and successfully carried out 
the proposed plan. 

In The Collegian of this year there is an article entitled 
"Advice to Cricketers," which is filled with suggestions 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 427 

addressed to the players, wiio, it is said, will not be apt to 
notice the points by observation and practice. The writer 
carefully explains the advantage of playing a "straight bat," 
and describes at length the process of " cutting," the science 
of which he has himself failed to grasp. He remarks that out- 
siders have found fault with Haverford's custom of jumping 
away from the wicket through fear, attributing this bad 
habit to poor practice creases. But that which throws most 
light on Haverford's style in batting are the following words : 
'"' The great weak point of the Dorian lies just here . . . 
our players are too anxious to hit . . . it is practice at 
steady batting that we so much need at present." 

It is impossible to record fully the many matches of 
cricket played since. We can only touch upon those most 
important. From 1876 to 1881 Haverford cricket enjoyed 
its most prosperous season, for in those years fifteen games 
were won and but five lost. 

A great game was arranged between Haverford and the 
University of Pennsylvania graduates and undergraduates 
in the autumn of 1878. William Carvill, the founder of 
Haverford cricket, now 84 years old, witnessed this game. 
It was played 9th month 18th and 19th, on the Germantown 
grounds, and great interest was manifested all over Phila- 
delphia. The game ended in a victory for Haverford by 
an innings and 118 runs. In the evening a cricket supper was 
served to the elevens and their friends in the Germantown 
Club House. 

This match was made the subject of a long editorial in a 
Philadelphia paper, and the condition of the score was 
telegraphed to the evening papers, which devoted more 
than a column to a detailed account. Says one of these 
papers : 



428 HISTORY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 

" It is tlie intention of the graduates of the Pennsylvania University and 
Haverford College to make this match the fashionable event of the season in 
the years to come. It will be remembered that next to the Derby races and 
'Varsity contest on the Tliames, the cricket games between Oxford and Cam- 
bridge Universities and Harrow and Rugby schools draw larger audiences than 
any otlier sporting event of the year in the 'mother country.' Fathers and 
mothers, uncles and aunts, and all the children and cousins make those days a 
regular holiday. 

" To-day's play was a decided success. A very large, intelligent, and fashion- 
able audience assembled, and appeared to heartily enjoy each good jioint as 
made. The ladies especially entered into the sport with a zest, and evidently 
knew all about the game, applauding their favorites, and pouting and scolding 
when 'our side' was unfortunate. 

"Sud. Law started the bowling at C. E. Haines, who had A. L. Baily for 
his partner. Haines put the fifth ball of the over nicely to leg for a double. 
Baily drew a beuuty to leg for a single, his first. Haines hammered a full 
pitch to leg, which went through Johnson's legs and there were two more 
scored. The telegraph now indicated ten, and Haverford's colors were fluttering. 

"Captain Conway, advance agent of the Australia team, had arrived on the 
grounds by this time, and, taking his seat with A. A. Outerbridge, took a great 
interest in the game. Several times he expressed himself pleased with the 
play, both at the bat and in the field. " 

At 31 Magee got in under A. L. Baily. 

" E. T. Comfort, the celebrated bowler, and who promises to become an 
equally famous all-round cricketer, followed. Run-getting then became the 
order of the day. When the telegraph announced 53 runs C E. Haines fell a 
victim to Morris. F. L. Baily, another firm bat and quiet, unassuming player, 
came next. Mr. Baily is one of the few batsmen in this country who has gained 
the enviable position of having ' topped the century. ' He ran up 20 in short 
notice, after having a life given to him at half that number. Congdon joined 
Comfort, and these two compelled the scorers to record 100 runs. With 12 
more on the tally-sheet Congdon was well caught at the wicket. W. H. Haines, 
together with Comfort, kept everybody — scorers, bowlers and fielders — busily 
engaged for three-quarters of an hour. Magee finally made the catch of the 
day at point. Haines cut a ball off" of Harris sharply, and well out of the field- 
er's reach. Magee made a spring for it, reached out his left hand, and the ball 
stuck. He was heartily and deservedly applauded. Kimber, the next bats- 
man, faced Comfort, and leather-hunting occupied the attention of representa- 
tives of the blue and red for nearly an hour. Fifty-one rims were made be- 
tween the two, and it looked as if they had taken a contract to bring the score 
up to 200. Just four short of that number. Comfort put a little one into Brew- 
ster's liands at point, and with the magnificent score of G5 to his credit, was 
carried from the wicket by his enthusiastic fellow-college-graduates. Kimber 
was aided by Jones, J. Comfort and Carey after this in running the score up 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 429 

to 248. At 6 o'clock the day's play ceased with Kimber 55 and Carey 7, still 
at the bat. " 

Soon after the play began on the second day "a pleasant episode occurred, 
which fully indicated the general interest taken in the game. It seems the 
Faculty of Haverford College, appreciating the feelings of their students over 
the grand score of the eleven, gave them a full holiday to-day. Just as the 
telegrapli showed 260, and Kimber cut for a two hit, a large omnibus, drawn 
by six horses, gayly decorated with the college colors — red and black — and 
crammed, jammed full of hilarious undergraduates, all shouting the college cry, 
drove into the ground, andgaveproof that there was to be plenty of fun through 
the day. By an unfortunate attempt at a short run, Carey was run out, and the 
innings closed for 263, Kimber carrying his bat out for 63, made up of one 4, 
six 3's, eleven doubles, and the rest singles.. It was a glorious inning, despite 
the fact that he gave them chances. 

" The University team, at the close of their opponents' big work, did not 
appear to be at all daunted. ' Of course it's a lot of runs,' say their friends, 
' but just look at the men we have. There's Fred. Brewster, Sud. Law, Ed. 
Hopkinson, Horace Magee, and Loper Baird. If they get in, look for a couple 
of hundred anyhow.' 

" The ground between the wickets was thoroughly rolled, the umpires took 
their positions, the scorers sharpened their pencils, and with everything in 
readiness ' Play' was called just at the high noon, Harris and Magee taking 
guard to the bowling of E. T. Comfort and Kimber. Comfort gave Harris a 
couple of nice ones to the off, which he failed to take advantage of, and put the 
third to leg for a single. Magee cut the next one for a pair, and came near 
losing his inning, a miserable shy at the wicket alone failing to dispose of him. 
Kimber, after getting his field suited to please himself, then bowled five balls 
to the off, none of which Harris could handle. The sixth he stopped well. Off 
of Comfort's second ball Congdon made a handsome stop at point from Magee's 
bat. Another maiden. Kimber now bowled Harris clear and clean on the 
second ball of the next over, 1 wicket for 3. Brewster, the next batsman, was 
applauded as he walked toward the popping crease. A leg-bye followed, and 
there were now three maidens bowled out of four overs. Brewster tipped a 
high just a little too far for the wicket-keeper and scored his first. Off of Com- 
fort he got a 2 into the slips. He then made one of the finest leg hits ever seen 
on the ground for 4 off of Comfort. Putting the next to the off for a single the 
University men shook their red and blue caps and shouted — shouted is just the 
word. Seven runs were made off Comfort's single over, making the total 16. 
Magee now tried to drive a straight one from Kimber, and his middle stump 
dropped in consequence. Loper Baird, another one of the giants, followed. 
Kimber bowled three off the wicket, but he could not get the hang of the pecu- 
liar off-break of that bowler. Brewster cut Comfort for a single, and Baird 
followed suit. The former got Kimber to leg for a single, nicely fielded. If 
the Haverfordians ever did 'holler ' they let out when Comfort knocked Brew- 
ster's ofl'and middle stump forty ways for Sunday. Three wickets for 20 runs. 
Baird again raised the hopes of his team by a beauty to the on for 4. The 



430 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

fielding up to this point had been first class, many runs being saved by the 
activity of tiie Haverfordians." 

With nine wickets down, the newspaper account con- 
tinues : 

"The game was as monotonous as it was yesterday, with this difference, the 
runs were piled up yesterday without the fall of wickets, and to-day the wickets 
are falling without any runs being piled up. Morris popped a little one for a 
cent to point, and the University eleven were out for 38 runs. 

" During the intermission for ' crackers and cheese ' the collegians are hav- 
ing a jolly good time chaffing each other. The Haverfordians are promenad- 
ing around with the ladies on their arms, proud as peacocks, heads up and the 
red and black conspicuously displayed. The unfortunate eleven from the 
University are either hard at eating a sandwich in silence, or else explaining 
to their ladies that it is one of those peculiar things about cricket, the glorious 
uncertainty of the game, and 'all that kind of thing, jou know.' Some of the 
University men, not on the eleven, are unkind enough, in a satirical sort of 
way, to offer their badges for sale at a reduced price. Altogether the boys are 
enjoying themselves, and having lots of fun." 

Ninth month 18th, 1(S79, a large number of the old cricket- 
ers celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of the founding 
of the Dorian Cricket Club in 1858. In the afternoon a 
match was played between the graduates of Haverford and 
those of the Universit}^ of Penns3dvania, upon the beautiful 
grounds of the Merion Club, about half a mile southeast of 
the college. Here the players of '58 saw many things 

Not dreamt of in their philosophy, 

and were pleased to have their Dorian successors come off 
victorious with eight wickets to spare. The honors were 
won by F. L. Baily, who made 58 runs, J. B. Jones 48, T. 
W. Kimber 25, and A. L. Baily 22 runs. 

After the game the old Haverfordians adjourned for a 
jolly cricket supper in the dining-room in Founders' Hall, 
to which the victors were invited. The " old boys," of all 
ages, gathered immediately afterward under the lindens in 
front of Founders' Hall, and, amid festive lights from nu- 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 



431 



merous Chinese lanterns, listened to stirring speeches from 
some whom advancing years had made more mighty with 
the tongue than with the cricket bat. 

Henry Bettle, one of the original Dorian eleven, opened 
the exercises very happily. President Chase and Professor 
Pliny E. Chase responded briefly but effectively. Then the 




CIRCLE IN FRONT OF FOUNDERS' HALL. 



" Song of the Dorian, by the Bard of Cobb's Creek," was 
sung to the air "When Johnnie Comes Marching Home." 

Henry Cope, the devoted friend of Haverford Cricket, 
showed that the benefit of thorough practice in fielding had 
been illustrated in the match of the day. 

Joseph Parrish read a song, which deserves a permanent 
place in the literature of College Cricket. 



432 history of haverford college. 

Cricket Song. 

Arms and the man 

Virgil began, 
Let ns proceed in the Mantuan plan. 

Arms and the bat, 

Sing we of that — 
The war of the wicket knocks other wars flat. 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

Raise we the song, 

Lift it along, 
To Haverford cricketers, lusty and strong ; 

Kissed by the sun, 

Brown as a bun. 
Gritty and resolute, every one. 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

What since the birth 

Of the jolly old Earth, 
On the whole round of her corpulent girth, 

Equals the scene, 

When in the green 
Stand the stout batsmen the wickets between ? 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

Sightly to see, 

Eapid and free, 
The song of the wood of the stanch willow tree. 

Joyous to hear. 

Falls on the ear 
The whiz of the ball and the answering cheer. 

Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 

Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

Out flies the stump. 

Out — with a jump — 
Jove ! it is Cromwell dissolving the Rump ! 

Down goes the sun, 

Last man but one — 
He's a Haverford boy, and the game's just begun. 

Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 

Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 433 

Stand to it, boys ! 

(Bother their noise), 
The cricketer knows the quintessence of joys. 

Pile up the score, 

Always one more, — 
The heart of the Mother throbs clean to the core. 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

Oh, let us praise 

Glorious days, 
When our brows were crowned with victorious bays ! 

Who else can be 

Gladder than we — 
Scarlet and Black in the foremost to see? 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for liie Scarlet and Black. 

Cheer them once more, 

Cheer them (jalore, 
Who has no voice left, why, show him the door ! 

Eleven are pressed 

Close to the breast 
Of dear Alma Mater, Joe Fox and the rest. 
Swish ! whack ! hit her a crack ! 
Thirty times three for the Scarlet and Black. 

This occasion was greatly enjoyed by the many old stu- 
dents who came to show their abiding interest in the noble 
game so closely interwoven in the minds of many with old 
memories of outdoor life at the college 

As has been intimated, the year 1877-78 opened auspi- 
ciously. A general and deepened interest in a higher and 
more thorough standard of education had been manifested 
throughout the Society of Friends, in the various American 
Yearly Meetings during the year previous, and the posi- 
tion of Haverford College became one of recognized im- 
portance. 

The fact that the fifty-eight students, with whom the term 
opened, representing seventeen States of the Union, were 

28 



434 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

all but two or three members of the Society of Friends, 
and that of this number twenty-seven were admitted at the 
autumn term — the largest number for many years — is an 
evidence of the general and increased interest in Haverford 
at this time. 

It is also interesting to note their very general distribution 
throughout the various sections of the country. Four were 
from New England, twenty-seven from the Middle States, 
thirteen from the Southern, and fourteen from the Western 
States. The age of the students of this 3^ear and the fol- 
lowing was also certainly above the average, if not the 
highest in the history of the college. The Freshman Class 
numbered twenty-two, whose average age was eighteen and 
a half years. At the commencement in this year the hon- 
orary degree of M.A. was conferred upon John .J. Thomas, 
of Union Springs, editor of the Country Gentleman, a brother 
of Joseph Thomas, LL.D. 

A change was made, once more, at this time, in the man- 
agement of the farm, which was rented for $1,200 per year, 
and the stock and implements were sold. The various ex- 
periments in farming were alike unprofitable and trouble- 
some — it was " Hobson's choice." Until 1848 only members 
of the Society were admitted to the advantages of residence 
and study at Haverford, but now all young men of good 
character, and the requisite attainments, are not only ac- 
cepted but desired. This wish to exert a wider influence, 
together with the greatly increased facilities and advantages 
now held out as an inducement, led to the first earnest effort 
to make the college known outside of the Society of Friends, 
and better known within the Society. From this time 
forward the Managers sought, by various means of adver- 
tising, to make the many superior advantages of Haverford 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 



435 



known. With an increased number of students, the num- 
ber of instructors, and tlie facihties for instruction, have 
also increased. 

This was a period of progress, and each forward step, 
however timidly taken, led to others in the same direction. 
Enough of the old conservative spirit prevailed to prevent 
mistakes and to ensure the wisdom of new movements. 

There were many cheering evidences during the winter 
and spring of 1878 that the interest in Haverford was still 
warm in the hearts of its 
friends. Through the 
well - considered liber- 
ality of the heirs of 
John Farnum, the sum 
of twenty-five thousand 
dollars was given to the 
Managers, in trust, the 
income to be used in 
founding a " Professor- 
ship of some practical 
science or literature," or 
by free scholarships, as 
the Managers may, from 
time to time, deem best. 
This fund resulted in the establishment, in J 879, of the 
" John Farnum Professorship of Physics and Chemistry." 

The office of Prefect had been created this year, for the 
purpose of relieving the President of certain cares, and to 
this position Professor Allen C. Thomas was appointed, with 
additional duties as Instructor in History and Rhetoric. The 
agreement with President Chase and Samuel Alsop, Jr., for 
the management of the institution, had terminated the 




JOHN FARNUM. 



436 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

previous summer, and an entirely new arrangement had 
been made with the President and Faculty. The business 
interests of the college, including the purchasing of supplies, 
keeping the accounts, and the domestic economy of the 
institution — duties which formerly had been performed by 
the Superintendent — were now placed under the care of 
the Prefect. 

Early this year liberal friends of the college also sub- 
scribed a sufficient sum to defray the expense of important 
alterations in the old building, now known as Founders' 
Hall. By these improvements a business office for the Prefect, 
four new class-rooms, and a large, well-lighted room for the 
museum were furnished. The Gymnasium was enlarged, 
and its second-story converted into a lecture-room, with 
raised seats for one hundred students. A chemical Labora- 
tory was fitted up, under the careful supervision of Professor 
Sharpless, with all the appliances and apparatus needed 
for practical work by the students. It is difficult to estimate 
the importance of the increased advantages conferred upon 
Haverford during this eventful year by its earnest friends, 
most of whom have since had the pleasure of witnessing 
the fruits of their wise liberality. 

The increased number of students and their diversity of 
character and interest had its effect on the literary societies, 
always an important factor in the internal life of Haverford. 
The Everett and Athenaeum societies were stimulated to 
fresh efforts to surpass each other by the prospect of larger 
numbers and by the general enthusiasm caused by the 
recent improvements. 

It must be said, however, that this increased activity did 
not manifest itself entirely in lively debates on historical and 
•ethical questions, or the discussion of the political and social 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 437 

problems of the day, nor in tlie production of Latin poetry 
and Greek odes, or the writing of scientific essays — though 
all of these had their place — but was sometimes manifested 
more after the manner of practical politics. At the begin- 
ning of each year there was an importance given to the 
subject which deluded the innocent Freshmen, giving them 
a vague idea that their chief work at the institution would be 
to enjoy the many advantages and attractions of the literary 
societies, the use of their libraries and the companionship 
and sympathy of the best members of the older classes, 
which each society claimed to have on its roll. The desire 
of the older members to secure, for their respective societies,; 
the largest share of the new material, gave them a remark-; 
able interest in cultivating the acquaintance of the new' 
fellows, and thus begot such an idea of their importance as 
was poorly calculated to fit them for the ceremony of initi- 
ation, which followed a few weeks later, at the hands of the; 
Sophomores. This was after their lots had been cast with; 
one or the other of the private societies, and after the sub-' 
ject of literary societies had assumed, in their eyes, a less 
conspicuous place in the college curriculum. 

Considerable interest was manifested in the alumni prize 
for oratory this year; but there was a general timidity or 
modesty, which resulted in but three contestants, and the 
same in the following year. In 1880, however, there were 
six, and in 1881 five contestants. There is no doubt that 
the prize did good, in directing the attention of students to 
this important subject, even when it did not lead them to 
gain a still greater benefit by participating in the contest. 

We must not pass from the annals of this year without 
recording a sad event — the death of one of the earliest, as 
well as warmest and most useful, friends of the college. In 



438 



HISTORY OF HAVERFURD COLLEGE. 



doing so we cannot do better than adopt the language of 
one who, perhaps as much as any other, has taken up his 
mantle, in his relation to the college: 

" On the 28th of 9th month, 1877, our beloved friend, 
Charles Yarnall, was removed by death. He was one of 
the original founders of the institution. For a long series 
of years the Secretary of the Board of Managers, he served 
the college with an assiduity, fidelity, sound judgment and 
intelligent skill, to which much of its success and many of 
its best characteristics are largely due. Combining in him- 

-self an ardent attach- 
ment to the religious 
principles of the Society 
of Friends, with a well- 
endowed and highly-cul- 
tivated intellect, he be- 
lieved in the compati- 
bility of Quakerism with 
the most comprehensive 
and liberal education ; 
and his whole heart went 
out to an institution 
which was designed both 
to impart the best intel- 
lectual instruction and to 
prom'ote those religious views and principles which he 
chorished so warmly. His memory will always be dear to 
the sons of Haverford, nor can we wish anything better for 
the college than that others like him may be raised up for 
her service." 

Ex-President Tiiomas Chase ' says of him : 




CHARLES YARNALL. 



^ Speecli at niiilwinter alnnini dinner. ISSS. 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 439 

" For many years, as Secretary of the Board of Managers 
and its leading spirit, he was really the President of the 
college; and he had the natural qualifications which, with 
the proper experience and training, would have fitted him 
for distinction as President of Harvard or of any university 
in the world. Possessing large native powers and much 
cultivation, he had made the liberal education of young 
men a careful study, and had a philosophical understanding 
of the great problems it involves. Amidst constantly 
changing fashions he could discern the eternal principles 
which are fixed. His judgment of men was unerring, his 
wisdom in counsel great. Everything was clear in his 
mind, and his language was terse and to the point. For 
instance, at a joint meeting of the Faculty and Managers, 
when there was some difference of opinion as to whose part 
it was to decide or act in a certain matter, he at once gave 
his view of the constitutional law of the college at that time 
in these words : ' The Managers rule, the Faculty governs, 
the Superintendent executes.' He fostered the study of 
belles-lettres and the culture of the imagination and all that 
belongs to the ' higher education,' and at the same time 
originated the professorship of biology and called to it one 
of the foremost scientists in the land. 

" Happy are some of you who can recall the instructions he 
gave you when he heard the recitations in Arnold's ' Lectures 
on Modern History ; ' happy those of you who, in after 
years, attended his Bible-classes in the study; happy a still 
larger number who remember when he came out on First 
Day afternoons and read sermons of Dr. Arnold's ('papers' 
he called them), prefacing them by what was, perhaps, more 
interesting — some wise and vigorous, and often eloquent, 
remarks of his own." 



440 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

We may record here, fittingly and with pleasure, a note- 
worthy event, by which Haverford was honored in the per- 
son of the President who thus warmly expressed his appre- 
ciation of this founder. Harvard College, at its commence- 
ment this year, conferred the degree of LL.D. upon Thomas 
Chase. This fresh recognition of his worth by the foremost 
university in the country was a matter of interest and grati- 
fication to the sons of Haverford, who had been educated 
under him, and to all friends of the college who had learned 
to " appreciate his wide, varied and accurate scholarship, 
and his unselfish devotion to the interests of Haverford." 

At the opening of the year 1878-79 there was some feel- 
ing of disappointment at the number of students. A sub- 
stantial increase was expected, yet the number was not 
quite so large as the year previous. The only cause which 
could be assigned was the lack of funds for free or partial 
scholarships. 

The advantage of informing the public of the merits of the 
institution was more apparent the following Fall, when after 
the authorities had sent out a pamphlet, containing a 
number of fine heliotype illustrations, the number of stu- 
dents was increased to nearly the full capacity of Barclay 
Hall. This increase was maintained also in 1880, when 
the number of students reached seventy-eight, the largest 
in the history of the college up to that time, with the ex- 
ception of the year 1837. 

But, returning to the Fall of 1878, we should record the 
completion of an important work on the part of the Board 
of Managers. On the 19th of 9th month, 1878, by decree of 
the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, the charter 
of Haverford College Corporation was so amended as to 
abolish the sj^stem of stock ownership, this action having 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 441 

been brought about by application of the stockholders and 
by the surrender of 804 shares of stock which had been 
issued in 302 holdings. Under the amended charter the 
corporation has power to enact by-laws providing for the 
election of new members and prescribing their qualifications. 
Accordingly the corporation enacted a by-law providing 
that " from time to time the corporation shall elect new cor- 
porators from names submitted by the minutes of the Board 
of Managers, members of the religious Society of Friends 
only being eligible." 

The Managers in their report refer to " the task of secur- 
ing the approval of every one of the large number of stock- 
holders as a very laborious one," but express satisfaction in 
the accomplishment of the work as of " great importance to 
the future of the college." 

About this time another event, more immediately affecting 
the welfare of Haverford, occurred in the resignation of Pro- 
fessor Samuel Alsop, Jr., on account of ill health, from 
which he had been suffering for some time. His loss 
was especially felt on account of his very great success 
in managing the discipline and general affairs of the 
college. He was thoroughly respected and possessed the 
entire confidence of the Managers, which, together with his 
tact and great decision of character, combined with a digni- 
fied and gentle manner, rendered his task of government a 
comparatively easy one. 

His character bore a striking resemblance, in some re- 
spects, to that of Joseph G. Harlan, the first Principal of the 
college. There was a quiet gravity of demeanor, almost 
amounting to sadness, in the mien of both men. Both were 
excellent mathematicians and possessed remarkably fine 
disciplinary powers, while they retained the love and respect 



442 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of the students. Samuel Alsop, Jr., removed to Colorado in 
the pursuit of health, but slowly declined, and died there 
on the 31st of oth month, 1888. 

His class- work was apportioned among the other professors, 
and his duties as Superintendent were assumed by Dr. 
Nereus Mendenhall, a Haverford man, who had been added 
to the Faculty this year as Professor of Classics and Moral 
Science, to fill the chair vacated by Professor Dillingham 
at the close of last j'^ear. 

While it is undoubtedly true that earnest class-room work 
was the chief occupation of the students of this period, many 
of whom were making personal sacrifices in order to avail 
themselves of the superior advantages which Haverford 
now offered for a thorough classical and scientific education, 
yet there was no lack of interest in the college sports. 
Cricket was able to assert itself against all encroachments, 
either of the class-room or of rival games. The large num- 
ber of new students coming in this year from so many quar- 
ters, who had not been required to pass entrance examina- 
tions on cricket, led to some confusion among the elder 
students, who had come to regard disloyalty to this, the 
college game, as equivalent to disloyalty to the institution. 
There was dismay and alarm when the new men insisted 
on giving baseball, lawn-tennis and other games supposed 
to conflict with cricket, a share in the sports. But cricket 
not only managed to hold its own as the leading game, but 
to increase its reputation at the college by the succession of 
victories in matches with outside clubs, in tlie seasons of 
1877 and 1878. 

As winter came on, and outdoor sports were mostly sus- 
pended, more time was foundto devote to the literary socie- 
ties. During this winter there was increased interest 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 443 

manifested in such work, both on the part of the students 
and the professors. The Loganian had for a year or two 
been very much neglected, so that it was the usual thing to 
have to drum up a quorum after the hour of meeting. It 
was even suggested that the Loganian be laid down. The 
members of the Loganian were also members of one or the 
other of the minor societies; and, stimulated by the rivalry 
existing between the latter, the members gave them the 
preference in their attendance. 

This condition of things suggested the idea of merging 
these three societies into two ; so that no student need be a 
member of more than one, and each might thus be able to 
give that his undivided support. But the difficulty was to 
decide which two out of the three, when neither of the 
three was willing to die for the sake of the other two 
and for the general good. The matter was first brought 
up in the Loganian and ably and earnestly discussed by 
the students and professors, a prominent part in the discus- 
sion being taken by Professor Sharpless, who was very 
active in support of the Loganian, and who advocated a 
reorganization with but two societies. Finally, the leader 
of the Senior Class proposed that the Everett and Athenaeum 
societies unite to form a society subordinate or tributary to 
the Loganian. This was termed by its opponents the 
"House of Lords" and "House of Commons" plan. 

A Sophomore, who thought he was wiser than the Seniors, 
was bold enough to formulate a rival scheme. He proposed 
the forming of two equal and co-ordinate rival societies; 
the Everett and Athenaeum both being laid down, and the 
students and Faculty divided equally (as nearly as possible) 
between the two new societies, so that they might start on 
equal footing. This plan came into the field after the other 



444 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

seemed about to be carried, and raj)idly gained friends. 
Several mass- meetings of the students were held, and the 
subject occupied the attention of all the societies for several 
weeks. Intense excitement prevailed, and after protracted 
and earnest debate, the Loganian, which had already voted 
more than once in favor of two societies instead of three, 
voted for two equal rival societies. 

By this time news of the laying down of the private 
societies spread to the alumni, and several of them unfor- 
tunately came out to protest. This revived the opposition 
and caused the Loganian to reverse its action. Finally a 
compromise scheme was carried through all the societies, 
by which the Loganian was reorganized on the basis of 
representation from the private societies, each selecting ten 
of its best members to represent it in the Loganian. Provi- 
sion was also made for an independent elective member- 
ship, consisting of members of the Faculty and such others 
as were not members of either private society. 

For a year or two, at least, the plan was certainly a great 
improvement and resulted in better society work and greatly 
increased interest. But it was a matter of serious regret, by 
many most interested in the society work of the college, 
that the plan for two independent public rival societies was 
not carried into effect. It was undoubtedly defeated by the 
prejudice in favor of retaining old names and associations. 

The progressive spirit of the college was still further 
indicated in the spring of 1879 by the founding of The 
Haverfordian. Allusion has already been made to the 
short-lived Grasshopper and to the restriction placed upon 
it by the Faculty. The Haverfordian was born in a freer 
air, and though carefully scrutinized by the Managers, and 
looked upon by them with suspicion, it was destined to live 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 445 

and prosper and become a prominent feature of the literary 
work of the students. The first two volumes contain many 
creditable productions from their pens, as well as a number 
of articles by professors and alumni. Many a student here 
saw, for the first. time, how his productions looked in print, 
and was thus stimulated to more care in composition. 

Another source of usefulness was found in the opportunity 
the paper afforded to record the successful scores of the 
cricketers and thus to furnish a fresh stimulus for practice ; 
and this soon became a prominent feature of the paper. 
The disposition of the editors to discuss the management 
of the institution, and to criticise what they conceived to be 
mistakes or sources of grievance, was not very welcome to 
the Managers and Faculty, who feared that slighting 
remarks would harm the college. It is safe to say, however, 
that The Haverfordian has benefited rather than injured the 
reputation of the college. It has certainly afforded addi- 
tional means of advertising the institution. Besides, with 
greater liberty, the students felt greater responsibility, and 
a true spirit of loyalty to the college, which made them 
jealous of its interests. It was also a source of gratification 
to undergraduates, by means of this " organ," more fully 
to acquaint their friends with their literary productions 
and with the general life of the institution. 

The paper, though declared to be the " official organ of 
the students," was started under the auspices of the Loganian 
Society, which became responsible for its financial support ; 
but the enterprise met with such favor among the students 
and alumni that it was self-supporting from the start. 

Walter C. Hadley, of Chicago, who had had some expe- 
rience in journalism and who had been connected with a 
similar college paper at another institution, was the one to 



446 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

give the matter practical shape, and became the first 
"Business Manager." Dr. Townsend, of Ohio, the only 
married man among the students, and though older than 
most of them, still one with them in life and sympath}^ was 
another of the originators of the enterprise. The paper was 
really started in the spring of 1879 ; but the first regular 
number did not appear until the tenth month of the same 
year. It was issued monthly thereafter. W. A. Blair, of 
North Carolina, class of '81, who has since been a well-known 
educator in his native State and the publisher of a successful 
educational journal, did much, first as Assistant Manager 
and then as Manager, toward placing The Haverfordian on 
its present firm basis. The time-honored Collegian was 
elbowed out of existence by this enterprising younger 
brother and died a natural death. 

The students seem to have caught a spirit of progress, 
wdiich had now become the keynote of the institution, and 
were active in many directions, one of which was the forma- 
tion of clubs for various purposes. A "Political Club" was 
formed, to discuss questions of State and for the study of 
Political History. This was short-lived, but the discussion 
of political questions became a prominent feature of the 
society work. 

There was one able debate this year in the Loganian, on 
the question of a " third term " for General Grant. This be- 
came very exciting, on account of a real difference of senti- 
ment among students and professors from different sections 
of the country. Dr. Nereus Mendenhall, of North Carolina, 
who was Superintendent this year, made an earnest speech 
against Grant, and was replied to by President Chase in a 
ringing defence of Grant's administration, which would 
have done credit to the most earnest advocates of a " third 
term." 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 447 

Another indication of the disposition of the students to 
discuss questions of current interest, and also of the char- 
acter of questions which interested them, was a notable 
debate in the Loganian on a resolution, "That the Society of 
Friends should make special provision for the education of 
its ministers and also for their support." The question was 
discussed seriously and ably, by both students and professors, 
in the presence of a full house. Professor Pliny E. Chase 
made a speech of such characteristic fairness, and presented 
the subject in such an all-sided manner, that both of the 
leaders claimed his weighty words in support of their respec- 
tive sides. 

Students and professors met in the Loganian on equal 
footing, and it was certainly a source of profit to the former, 
perhaps to both, thus to be able to discuss questions of in- 
terest with each other with perfect freedom. 

Additional interest was given to the society work in the 
Loganian the following year by the offer of two prizes: one 
for the best declaimer and one for the best debater. The 
" Lower Societies " (as the Everett and Athenaeum came 
to be called), followed the example of the Loganian ; and 
The Haverfordian offered a prize for the best essay ; so that 
there were prizes in abundance, for most of which the 
members generally entered into competition. Tlie}^ un- 
doubtedly served to add interest to the society meetings and 
to stimulate to more careful preparation. 

The Young Men's Christian Association, another institu- 
tion which seems to be permanently connected with the 
modern life of Haverford, was organized by the students on 
the 21st of 10th month, 1879, with about twenty members. 
From the very first there had been Bible instructions at the 
college, and volunteer Bible-classes were organized in 1870 



448 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

or 1871, but they had no organic connection with the great 
Y. M. C. A. movement. Jesse H. Moore, of North Carolina, 
class of '81, now a minister in the Society and a successful 
.teacher, first suggested the latter organization, and Josiah 
P. Edwards, of Indiana, class of '80, was the first President. 
The purpose of the association, as set forth in the constitu- 
.tion, was "to promote growth in grace and Christian fellow- 
ship among its members, and aggressive Christian work, 
especially by and for students." The membership gradu- 
ally increased, so that in the year following its organization 
^t least two-thirds of the students in the college belonged to 
it. At first, serious doubts appear to have been entertained 
as to the advisability of such an organization in a Friends' 
.college, but we learn of no opposition to it from any source. 
■In the spring of 1880 the association sent a delegate to the 
State Convention at Wilkesbarre, and the following year to 
the National Convention at Cleveland, Ohio. 

The following extract from The Haverfordian of July, 
1881, indicates the character of the work done by the 
organization during the year then closed : 

" At our closing meeting for the year reports of the vari- 
ous standing committees showed that weekly prayer-meet- 
ings had been held throughout the year, on Fourth Day 
-evening, with an average attendance of twenty or twenty- 
five; that each of the four classes have held on First Day 
evening, pretty regularly, a Bible-class, at which the Inter- 
national Lesson was studied ; that fourteen new members 
have been received during the year; that thirteen meetings 
for religious teaching and worship have been held in the 
neighborhood, under the auspices of the association, and 
conducted by members, and that one Bible-school, which 
was organized last year by two of the students, has been 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 449 

kept up through the year, with the exception of a few weeks 
during the severe weather, one student acting as superin- 
tendent and another as teacher, while six other students 
have taught regularly in three other schools." 

In connection with this association, special mention should 
be made of the interest taken in it by Professor Pliny E. 
Chase. He encouraged the movement from the start, and, 
as its work developed, was always ready, by his presence, 
his sympathy, and his counsel, or more aggressive interest, 
to forward the purposes and work of the organization. He 
looked upon it as one of the strongest barriers against dis- 
order, and seemed anxious to enlist its support in sustain- 
ing a high standard of Christian character and conduct 
among the students. 

An occurrence worthy of mention here is best presented 
by the following extract from the Managers' report of 
10th month, 1880: 

" In view of the fact that it would be in the autumn of 
this year twenty-five years since our friend, Thomas Chase, 
came to Haverford as Professor of the Latin and Greek 
languages and literatures, the Managers determined to con- 
fer upon him a degree in remembrance of these many years 
of faithful labor, and in recognition of his success as an 
educator, and also of his services as one of the revisers of 
the English translation of the New Testament. The degree 
of ' Doctor of Letters ' (Ltt.D.), was accordingly conferred 
upon him at the last commencement. This action of the 
Board has been received with satisfaction by the friends of 
the college, and especially by its alumni of the last twenty- 
five years, to whom it has been a great pleasure to have 
their honored Professor and President thus admitted to 
their brotherhood." 

29 



450 HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

In presenting another notable event in the history of 
Haverford, we cannot do better than quote from the same 
report of the Managers : 

" By invitation of the Board, the Second General Confer- 
ence of Friends on this continent, interested in education 
in our Society, was held in Alumni Hall, on the 6th and 
7th of 7th month, 1880. All the Yearly Meetings were 
represented, some of them by official delegates. Professors 
and teachers from Earlham, Penn and Haverford Colleges^ 
and from Providence, Westtown and other schools, were 
present, and there was a large attendance of Friends from 
this vicinity and also many from New York, New England 
and Baltimore. It being vacation time, the visitors from a 
distance were entertained at the college — a charge being- 
made sufficient to defray the cost. The proceedings con- 
sisted in the reading of essays by well-known educators in 
the Societ}', followed by very interesting discussions of the 
subjects thus brought before the Conference. An interesting 
and valuable feature was the reading of three essays, written 
for Dr. Joseph W. Taylor, at his request, upon the subject 
of education for women, by Presidents Gilman, of Johns 
Hopkins University, and Seelye, of Smith College, and 
Anna E. Johnson, Principal of Bradford Academ}', Massa- 
chusetts. The occasion was one of very great interest to all 
attending, and the feeling was generally expressed that such 
gatherings were ver}^ useful in bringing together those inter- 
ested and engaged in educational work in our Society, and 
in making them renewedly sensible of its importance and 
scope, and inspiring them with fresh zeal and earnestness 
of purpose." 

Reference to the catalogue shows the largest number of 
students during the year 1880-81, as well as the largest 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 



451 



■ciorps of professors, as yet known in the history of the insti- 
tution. The course of study was also considerably en- 
larged. Hebrew, which before had been taught only occa- 
sionally to voluntary classes, was made a regular elective 
study of the course, and was chosen by several members of 




TAYLOR HALL— BRYN MAWB COLLEGE. 

the Senior Class. Additional attention was given to Freii||.h 
and German, under the instruction of Professor 
Allinson. :'' 

The Scientific course, which was becoming more and more 
popular, was being enlarged and developed under the lead- 



452 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ership of Professor Sharpless, with the substantial aid of 
Professor Lyman B. Hall, a graduate of Amherst and Johns 
Hopkins, and Ph.D. of Gottingen, who was appointed John 
Farnum Professor of Physics and Chemistry at the begin- 
ning of this year. 

After 1880 the course in Chemistry was expanded far 
beyond its previous limits. The department had not re- 
ceived its proper share of attention. Distinguished men, 
it is true, had occupied the chair, but, from considerations, 
perhaps, of false economy, they had been obliged to divide 
their time between that and other important studies. Dr. 
Swift had charge of chemistry, with other branches, from 
1854 to 1865. The position was vacant during 1865-6, after 
the date of Dr. Swift's resignation, Professor Cope taking 
that subject in addition to Natural History. In the follow- 
ing year the latter was made Professor of Natural Histor}^ and 
Chemistry, and during these two years no marked change 
was made in the course. In 1867 Albert R. Leeds was 
Professor of Chemistry, but at the end of the year surren- 
dered the chair to Dr. Henry Hartshorne, and the course 
was shortened to one half year. In 1871 Pliny Earle Chase 
became Professor of Physical Science, teaching Chemistry 
with several other branches ; but in 1874 he was made 
Professor of " Mathematics and Physics," and apparently 
dropped Chemistry. Two years later it reappears, Isaac 
Sharpless being created Professor of " Mathematics and 
Chemistr5^" Under his management the length of the 
course was tripled, and the laboratory enlarged. Then came 
Robert B. Warder for one year, in 1879, and, in 1880, after 
the department had experienced this long career of fluctua- 
tion, Lyman B. Hall, Ph.D., of Johns Hopkins, the present 
incumbent, was appointed, and transformed it at once into 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 453 

a state of vigor and efficiency. The appliances of the 
laboratory, during his administration, have been kept 
abreast of the times, and much good work has been done 
by graduate students. 

For the first time there was a regularly appointed Assistant 
in the Astronomical Observatory, This made it possible for 
some practical work of importance, in the way of making 
and reducing observations, to be done by Professor Sharp- 
less. A number of astronomical papers, coming from the 
observatory, were published in the Philadelphia Ledger, 
the Scientific American, and several other periodicals, and 
served to add to the reputation of the college. Some of 
these papers were worthy predecessors of the more elaborate 
productions in " College Studies," and were certainly more 
interesting to the average Haverfordian, being more pop- 
ular in their character. 

Nine of the Senior Class of this year elected Practical 
Astronomy as their study, and were regularly drilled in 
the use of instruments, in determination of the clock error 
and of the latitude of the observatory, measurement of 
double stars, and observations on the moon and planets. 
This class felt somewhat rewarded for their nightly watches 
and apparently fruitless searching of the heavens, and ex- 
perienced a thrill of pride when one of their number dis- 
covered, on the morning of the 16th of 6th month, a large 
comet (comet B, 1881) which our astronomers were the first 
to announce to the scientific world. This fortunate Senior, 
Levi T. Edwards, now Professor of Engineering at Haver- 
ford, thus describes his work in constructing a new instru- 
ment which was the occasion of the discovery : 

"A short time before the Yearly Meeting vacation, in 1881, 
I began, at the suggestion of Professor Sharpless, the con- 



454 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

struction of a ' reflecting telescope,' 8i iiiches aperture, of 
the Newtonian type. The main difficulty in the way of such 
an undertaking was a scarcity of tools, there being very few 
in the possession of the college at that time. But as the glass 
was purchased ready ground, the mounting was made in an 
amateur style, without great difficulty, and finished on 
Commencement Day of the same year. Such an instrument 
was needed to supplement the work of the one refracting 
telescope then in the observatory, and was to be used prin- 
cipally as a comet-seeker. Curiously enough, on the morn- 
ing following Commencement, when I arose at 2 o'clock, 
to test the telescope for the first time, looking out of the 
east window of my room, the first object that met my 
eyes was the huge tail of a comet, just coming above the 
horizon. Whether this remarkable find augured well or 
ill for the new telescope, I am not able to say ; but I think 
the instrument has not made an enviable record as a comet- 
finder ; though I understand it did good service in the days 
before the new refracting telescope was purchased." 

A new department of the regular college work was 
created, in the appointment of Alfred G. Ladd, A.M., M.D., 
as " Instructor in Physical Culture and Director of the 
Gymnasium." Under the advice of Dr. Ladd the Gym- 
nasium was thoroughly renovated and furnished with 
ingenious apparatus recommended by Dr. Sargent, Pro- 
fessor of Physical Training at Harvard University. The 
cost of this improvement was defrayed by subscription 
among the alumni and friends of the college. 

The new Gymnasium was formally opened in a public 
meeting in Alumni Hall, which was addressed by Dr. Sar- 
gent. This was an attractive and useful addition to the 
advantages of Haverford which the class of '81 nearly 
missed. 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 455 

Another new feature was introduced more prominently 
into the course by the bequest of |10,000 from John M. 
Whitall for Special Instruction in Mechanical and Free- 
hand Drawing. 

The Managers' report records "an interesting event "of 
this year "in the visit paid to the college by Thomas 
Hughes, M.P. (Tom Brown), who lectured on 10th month 
22d, 1880, upon ' English Public Schools and Dr. Arnold.' 
The large audience which crowded Alumni Hall listened 
with deep interest to the speaker's reminiscences of the 
great head-master of Rugby, whose fame and name are so 
dear to all who are interested in education. At the con- 
clusion, President Chase, by direction of the Board, con- 
ferred upon the distinguished guest the degree of LL.D." 
This was the beginning of an unusually interesting 
course of lectures to the students of this year, among 
which the following of special note are mentioned in 
President Chase's report : 

" James Hack Tuke, who was commissioned by the 
Government Secretary for Ireland, Wm. Edward Forster, 
to inquire into the best places to settle emigrants from 
the congested district of Ireland, kindly gave us the fruits 
of his own observation in Ireland in an address, in which 
he depicted vividly the distress recently suffered in that 
island, and bore witness to the genuine Christian philan- 
thropy which prompts the measures proposed by the Eng- 
lish Government for its relief. Dr. James J. Levick de- 
scribed the early Welsh settlers of Haverford and its neigh- 
borhood, and showed their claim to the esteem and respect 
of after generations. Professor John Fiske, of Harvard 
University, delivered a scholarly and learned course of 
six lectures on ' America's Place in History ' — attractive 



456 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

for the perfection of their style, and very stimulating to 
thought and study." 

The following paragraphs from President Chase's report of 
10th month, 1881, form a fitting conclusion to this chapter : 

" The good measure of success which has been granted to 
Haverford College thus far, may be attributed first of all, 
under the Divine blessing, to the effort it has made to meet 
the actual wants of its patrons and the community which it 
represents, rather than to imitate too closely other institu- 
tions or to pursue theories without regard to the circum- 
stances by which it is surrounded. It has thus been enabled 
to raise gradually the standard of the education it offers, 
and to create a demand for such high training as it is ready 
to supply. The average age of its students and the char- 
acter of their studies and their instruction have been ad- 
vanced, while it has always had the good sense to abstain 
from attempting the impossible. 

"Many of us have often, doubtless, been seriously im- 
pressed with the question, What is the outcome of all the 
care of the Managers, the labor of the teachers, the bounty 
of liberal benefactors and friends of this college ? Fears 
may sometimes arise in one direction and discouragement 
in another, but both will vanish on a careful view. In 
mental training, in moral and religious character, in bodily 
health, in manly purpose and earnestness, the graduates of 
Haverford are conspicuous in any community in which tliey 
find themselves ; and their careers in business and profes- 
sional life, their influence in the community, their usefulness 
as citizens and in religious society, all bear witness to the 
value of the teachings and the training of their Alma 
Mater, 

" The family life is a great distinction and a great charm 



BARCLAY HALL BUILT. 457 

of Haverford College. To it the students are indebted for 
their more intimate acquaintance with each other, their 
warmer friendships, their constant partnership, both in 
games and in studies, together with the orderly influence of 
a household and the morning and evening Bible reading. 
Instructors also are brought into closer relations with 
their pupils, and the influence for good of their accom- 
plishments, their genial sympath}^, their wise counsel, and 
their mature Christian character and example, is more 
constant and more potent. Thus the discipline has less 
need of harsh and clumsy methods than in places where the 
governors and the governed have less opportunity for 
mutual acquaintance and influence upon each other. I 
believe that no similar institution in the country maintains 
a higher standard and a higher state of good order than 
ours, and that none is better able to attain this standard by 
moral influence alone, preventing disorder and healing 
disorderly dispositions." ' 



CHAPTER XV. 
THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL, 1881-84. 

Thro' the shadow of the globe we sweep into the younger day ; 
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. — Tennyson. 

The last decade at Haverford has seen so many changes, 
and they have all been accomplished in so short a time, 
that in recounting them there is danger of unconsciously 
assuming the position of looking through the large end of 
the telescope, and having our judgment warped by the 
greater magnitude of matters in the immediate past, to the 
detriment of the proportions of those events which are 
further off in point of time. The new era, already adverted 
to, ushered in with the erection of Barcla}^ Hall, has seen 
that auspicious event followed by others, many of them not 
of so great importance, yet which, taken together, form their 
integral parts of the steady advance which has character- 
ized the college since 1876. The Haverford of that date 
and the Haverford of to-day are so unlike in many respects, 
that one suddenly transported from the former time to the 
latter would scarcely recognize the place as the same. It 
would be as when dreaming we seem to realize that all we 
see and know is new, and yet so old, that ages since it has 
been lived through, and Time's hand has erased from the 
pages of the memory all but a glimmer of a hazy former 
existence. 

The collegiate year of 1881-82 opened with a smaller 

(458) 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 459 

number of students than had been in attendance for some 
years previous. This decrease was principally in the upper 
classes however, the number of Freshmen being the same as 
in the year before. At its very opening the college was 
covered with the gloom caused by the tragic death of Presi- 
dent Garfield. On the afternoon of 9th month 26th, at the 
hour of the funeral ceremonies on the shores of Lake Erie, a 
memorial meeting was held in commemoration of the sad 
event, and was largely attended by those connected with 
the college, neighbors and former students. President Chase 
spoke first of the special lessons to be learned by a collegiate 
community from the life of the martyred President, espe- 
cially in his character as a Christian scholar, manifested in 
his career as a student, teacher, professor, college president 
and statesman. Professor Pliny E. Chase, in following, 
pointed out the spiritual aspects of the national loss. If 
any question why the many prayers for Garfield's recovery 
had not been answered, he would state his belief that the 
answer was a spiritual one, and that a true blessing would 
be found by the nation, and even by the stricken family, in 
the close of a life that filled up so completely the noblest 
purposes with modesty and Christian charity. Professor 
Sharpless dwelt on the habit of fairness and honesty, and 
the trait of quiet goodness of character, that won admira- 
tion from all classes of men. Ellis Yarnall, Professor Allen 
C. Thomas and John B. Garrett also addressed the meeting, 
which closed with prayer, leaving a deep impression on the 
minds of the students. This occasion recalled the scene in 
the old collection-room of Founders' Hall, recorded in a 
previous chapter, where a similar meeting was held sixteen 
years before, after the death of Lincoln. 

It was during this Fall that the course, which has since 



460 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

been so successfully carried out, was begun, of erecting 
houses on various parts of the college lawn for the different 
professors. The first of these was that for Professor Sharp" 
less, located at the edge of the woodland, near the observa- 
tory, and adjoining the old football field ; it was a general 
object of interest as it gradually increased in height. When 
the field was used for baseball, during the ensuing spring, 
the piles of bricks, mortar and lumber had to be searched 
for lost balls, to the disgust of lovers of the good old times. 
But, perhaps, what above all else impressed the returning 
student with a sense that times had changed, was the altered 
appearance of the meeting-house. During the summer the 
interior had been entirely remodelled and thrown into one 
large room, and a porch had been erected along the front. 
These improvements were followed, not long after, by the 
removal of the time-honored benches, scarred and hacked 
with the carvings of generations of supposed worshipj)ers, 
who, eluding the watchful eyes from the gallery seats, had 
left initials and class to tempt the emulation of the modern 
student of their skill as engravers. With carpeted floor, 
and hard-wood, cushioned benches, papered walls, and 
a cosy open fireplace in the corner, instead of the barren 
bleakness that used to reign supreme, the character of the 
hour at meeting was changed almost bej^ond recognition. 
Still another feature of the improvement, continued during 
the autumn, was a greater attention to the grounds surround- 
ing the buildings. This was manifested by some judicious 
trimming of the trees and by the planting of a number of 
clumps of shrubbery, to break up the otherwise monotonous 
outlook. 

Yet with all these indications of progress the year passed 
away in a manner not very different from usual. The Fresh- 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 461 

men were inducted into their new sphere of elevated useful- 
ness, according to time- honored custom ; the wire-pullers for 
the rival literary societies made each new student consider 
himself an element of far greater importance in the little 
community than his subsequent experience ever showed him 
to be ; the prize punster got off the same stale jokes — read up 
from the back numbers of The Haverfordian ; whilst the 
editors of that " organ of the students " displayed their 
knowledge (or lack of knowledge) of various matters of 
greater or less importance, interspersed with the standard 
growls at the marking system and all rules and regulations, 
advice as to the use of the library, and self-gratulation upon 
the results of the midwinter examinations. About the 
middle of the year two additional editors were added to the 
The Haverfordian board — one from each of the subordinate 
societies. 

Several distinguished foreigners lectured to the students 
during the winter. The most important of these was Ed- 
ward A. Freeman, the historian, whose masterly address 
on " Washington's Position in English History " was appro- 
priately delivered on Washington's Birthday, and followed 
a week later by another lecture, by the same author, on 
" The Origin, Use and Abuse of the English Language." 
William Fowler, M.P. for Cambridge, and Alfred Fowell 
Buxton, a Rugby man, a graduate of Trinity College, Cam- 
bridge, and grandson of the distinguished philanthropist. 
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, also visited the college and 
addressed the students, giving good counsel in regard to 
their duties as men and citizens, and commending to their 
imitation the great example of Garfield. 

With the opening of the cricketing season, complaints were 
heard that tennis was interfering with the old game. The 



4()2 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

subject of changing the name of the cricket club from the 
" Dorian " to " Haverford College " was again actively dis- 
cussed. The " Dorian " was established and named in 1858, 
at a time when other rival clubs flourished in the institution. 
It was now felt that it should bear the college name, but the 
change was not finally made until the autumn of 1883. 

The closing days of the college year were celebrated in 
the usual way ; only three contestants spoke at the alumni 
prize contest, the Sophomores had their cremation (Junior 
Day was over two months before) and Commencement fol- 
lowed in course. 

At the alumni meeting this year the preliminary ar- 
rangements were made for the proper celebration of the 
semi-centennial of the college. But, perhaps, the most im- 
portant action of the day was the presentation, by the class 
of '64, of the oil portrait of President Samuel J. Gummere, 
which now graces Alumni Hall. The occasion was one 
calculated to recall to the minds of all who had known 
him pleasant memories of one so universally beloved and 
respected. 

When the opening of the term, in the autumn of 1S82, 
once more brought the undergraduates together, the atten- 
tion of every one was first directed to the change in the din- 
ing-room. The dismal basement quarters, for so many years 
associated with the recollections of " Hash," " Shanghai," 
" Ram," and such well-known delicacies, presided over in 
former days by the cheerful Joseph, and the mendacious 
Amos, and more recently by the morose "Judge " ' — who 

1 The individual to whom was applied this sobriquet held the position of 
porter for many years, and in addition managed affairs in the dining-room to 
liis own satisfaction, but to that of no one else. Especially were the Freshmen 
under his ban, and considered entirely unworthy of any semblance of attention. 
He finally left the employ of the college in 1882, much to the delight of the 
many students who had suffered from his contemptuous irascible disposition. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 463 

seemed to be a legacy handed down from another stage of 
civilization — were things of the past. The large room on 
the main floor of Founders' Hall, formerly the collection- 
room, had been refloored and wainscoted, the small room 
adjoining had been converted into a pantry and carving- 
room, connected with the kitchen by a lift and fitted up 
with a hot-water table. Ten tables, accommodating eight 
persons each, had been placed in the new dining-room. 
These improvements, and more cheerful surroundings, gave 
sreat satisfaction to the officers and students. 

The Faculty remained without notable change, excepting 
that Professor F. G. Allinson, who had accepted an offer 
from a school in Baltimore, was succeeded by Seth K. Gif- 
ford, a Haver ford graduate of the class of '76, an experi- 
enced teacher and accomplished scholar, especially in class- 
ical studies. 

In the 10th month of this year, 1882, died Benjamin V. 
Marsh, a graduate of Haverford in 1837, and for long years 
one of its most interested Managers. For some time after 
his graduation he held the position of Professor of Mathe- 
matics in the college. He afterward entered the dry-goods 
business and enjoyed a successful and honored career as a 
merchant; but his life is chiefly interesting as an example 
of the scholar in business — of one who faithfully discharged 
the arduous duties of a large counting-house, whose counsel 
was valued in the boards of financial institutions, and who 
throughout his life gave much time to the study of science, 
particularly of astronomy. A brother-in-law of Samuel J. 
Gummere, their tastes were similar, and in the old observ- 
atory they spent many hours together. As a member of 
the American Philosophical Society he contributed several 
valuable scientific papers to its proceedings, having made a 



464 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

special study of meteorolites, and be was much interested in 
the scientific collections of the college. 

At all colleges there are times when disorder is at a pre- 
mium. It was such an era through which Haverford now 
passed. There was not, for a time, that sympathy of feel- 
ing between professors and students which alone can result 
in sood work and good order. The various unsettlements 
of the winter culminated later in the year in the ludicrous 
calf episode. 

For the whole of one night the college was kept in a state 
of disquiet by the appearance in Barclay Hall of a good- 
sized calf, surreptitiously borrowed from Robert Love, the 
farmer. The antics of the students in this connection were 
such as to excite the ire of those in authority, and one 
member of the Faculty, whilst endeavoring to quell the dis- 
turbance, narrowly escaped being fastened into one of the 
third-floor rooms, and spending the night there in company 
with the cause of the excitement. He discovered the im- 
pending i^redicament, however, just in time to escape. The 
turmoil was not a little increased by the frantic efforts of 
" Moses" — the functionary then presiding over the lower, 
regions of Barclay Hall — who vainly endeavored to extin- 
guish a blazing bonfire with the coal-oil with which the 
fire-buckets had been filled. 

The great celebration in Philadelphia, known as "The 
Bi-Centennial," did not pass unnoticed. The opinion was 
unanimous that the landing of the Quaker founder of 
Pennsylvania should be observed in some way by a Friends' 
College, and the almost total absence of students made the 
two-days' holiday which was granted the most acceptable 
and natural result. President Chase afterward lectured on 
" William Penn, the Quaker Cavalier." Isaac Sharp, a 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 465 

ministering Friend from England, gave an address on inci- 
dents connected with his extensive travels in remote foreign 
parts, concluding with a short religious meeting. 

During the winter a number of lectures were delivered in 
Alumni Hall, chief among which was an able course of six 
lectures on " American History," by James Wood, of Mount 
Kisco, N. Y., a member of the Board of Managers, and an 
old student of the college. As the weather became colder, 
skating (soon, however, spoiled by the ice-cutters) and coast- 
ing attracted the lovers of outdoor sports. The Sophomores 
and Freshmen met on the old battle-field for their annual 
snowball fight, and, the conditions being favorable, had a 
jolly contest, enjoyed most of all by the spectators from the 
" upper classes." 

An interesting event, especially to our astronomers, was 
the transit of Venus, which occurred 12th month 6th, 1882. 
On the whole the day was favorable for observation, and the 
results noted were satisfactory. The work of our observa- 
tory was cabled to England, and appeared on the 8th inst. 
in the London Times, properly credited to the college. 

The alumni having settled all questions relating to the 
organization of the literary societies to their own satisfaction 
a few years before, since that time had left the under- 
graduates to solve the problems with which they were con- 
fronted as best they could. In spite of the energy and 
ability expended upon them, the societies showed signs of 
languishing. This was especially apparent in the Loganian, 
which, notwithstanding the fact that it was almost coeval 
with the college, was the most affected by lack of interest in 
literary affairs. Rivalry between the Everett and the Athe- 
naeum infused into them more life — if it was only of a 

superficial character. 
30 



466 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Daniel B. Smith, the first Principal of Haverford School, 
died at his residence in Germantown, 3d month 29th, in the 
ninety -first year of his age. The long evening of his life was 
honored and beloved, and full of vigor to the last. This 
history already contains a sketch of his career and of his 
valuable services to the young institution, whose early stu- 
dents for many years looked up to him with veneration 
as the Patriarch of Haverford. 

The next morning was opened at the college by a small 
conflagration in the basement of Barclay Hall, and a severe 
storm of sleet and rain. The members of the Everett Society 
w^ore anxious faces. The fates seemed against them, for on 
this day was to be celebrated — the first anniversary of this 
year so rich in celebrations — the twenty-fifth birthday of the 
Everett. In the evening fifty-seven honorary, besides the 
undergraduate members, met together. The exercises con- 
sisted of an address by Henry T. Coates (class of '62) on 
the chief political events contemporary with the growth of 
the Society, followed by a poem of Joseph Parrish, after 
which the past, present and future were discussed at the 
dinner, when toast after toast followed, until the approach 
of midnight caused the pleasant reunion to adjourn. That 
the aff'air was a great success was conceded even by the 
Athenseum men, who were unable to attend. 

The college year of 1883-1884 saw many of the most in- 
teresting events that have recently occurred at Haverford. 
In 'ihe Haverfordian for October, 1883, we find the following 
editorial remarks : " The predictions of last spring are ful- 
filled, and Haverford opens the college year with the fairest 
prospects. On every hand we behold the spirit of renewed 
activity and deep interest in the manifold duties and occu- 
pations of college life. It is worthy of marked notice tliat 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 467 

the much-discussed 'Centre of Indifference' among many 
of the students of last year is superseded by universal life 
and effort." 

Professor Gifford was missed, having obtained a leave of 
absence to prosecute his studies in Germany. His place 
was filled by Professor Edwin Davenport, a graduate of 
Harvard, and an experienced and successful teacher. In 
the successive absences of the younger professors to study 
abroad, Professor Davenport continued to fill very accept- 
ably an ad interim professorship for the next three years. 
A gentleman of mature years and dignified presence, his 
ripe scholarship and his quiet, unassuming manners caused 
him to be much respected. Dr. A. G. Ladd, who had been 
in charge of the gymnasium since it was remodelled, was 
succeeded by Dr. Ford. 

Under these circumstances opened a year unsurpassed in 
interest by any other in the history of the college. Its most 
prominent feature was the celebration of the half-hundredth 
anniversary of the founding of the institution, which took 
place 10th month 27th, 1883, some weeks after the opening of 
the term. The Committee of the Alumni, who made and 
carried through the arrangements of this most pleasant and 
satisfactory celebration, richly earned the thanks and con- 
gratulations of all friends of the college, and fitly crowned 
their work by publishing a report of the exercises. From 
this we condense an account, which no one must consider 
out of proportion to its importance; for, in the language of 
the head of the college, " It was a day to awaken thoughts 
of gratitude to our Heavenly Father that He put it into the 
hearts of good men to found this college, and that He has 
granted it so good a measure of prosperity and success, and 
to inspire the reverent and confiding prayer that He will 
continue His mercies and His blessing in days to come." 



468 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The project to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the 
Founding of Haverford School had been a topic of inter- 
ested discussion among former students for some time 
prior to the annual meeting of the Alumni Association, in 
1881, at which time the matter took definite shape by the 
appointment of a committee of ten to consider the subject 
and report to the next annual meeting. This committee 
then presented a report, containing a programme which 
was adopted, although slightly modified afterward, and the 
committee was continued to carry it out, in conjunction 
with the Executive Committee of the Association. 

The joint committee had several meetings, and at an 
early date the chairman appointed the necessary sub-com- 
mittees. With the aid of interested friends in various parts 
of the country, the difficult task was accomplished of making 
up a complete list of all former students with most of their 
addresses, if living, and to note such as were deceased. 
This list was published under date of 3d month, 1884, and 
contains the names of 995 old students, and those of 81 
students at the college at the time of the anniversary. Of 
the total number of students 222 were reported as deceased. 

This necessary preliminary work completed, the com- 
mittee issued engraved cards of invitation, accompanied by 
a circular, giving an outline of the programme for the day, 
concluding with the following irresistible appeal : 

" The invitation sent herewith it is earnestly hoped will 
be accepted by the recipient, who is most cordially invited 
to visit his Alma Mater as the guest of the Alumni Associa- 
tion. In the interest of the college, to which we owe a 
lasting debt of gratitude and aff"ection, and in whose present 
standing and repute we feel such a pride — for the sake of 
the others who would fain see 3''our faces once again — and 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 469 

that you may live over for a space the days of your youth, 
' the dear, the brief, the forever remembered,' we ask your 
presence." 

The response to this invitation was prompt and enthu- 
siastic. 

The eventful day broke with reticent promise, over- 
clouded, but with small sign of rain. While there were no 
showers there was no garish sunlight, but a Quaker sobri- 
ety and sedateness about the weather, appropriate to the 
occasion and, it is only fair to add, to the season. The 
early trains brought to the college grounds members of the 
Alumni Committee, specially charged with the initial steps 
for the comfort and convenience of the guests, A " head- 
quarters" was established in Barclay Hall, and arrange- 
ments made for the receipt by each visitor on arrival of the 
printed programme of the day's events — which it may be 
said here was followed to the letter, with a cheerful sponta- 
neity far removed from any mere formal observance. Suc- 
ceeding trains brought their tale of guests, ex-students, their 
wives and children, and those invited either as neighbors 
and friends of the college or as connected with sister insti- 
tutions, until, as is estimated, more than twelve hundred 
were strolling about the grounds, inspecting the buildings, 
or taking part, actively or passively, in the various exercises 
— athletic, intellectual or gustatory. Early in the day two 
wickets were pitched, one for the use of those most disre- 
spectfully described in the programme as " incompetents," - 
the other for proficient students and such ex-students as 
had " kept up " their cricket ; and until dusk, with but little 
cessation, the games went on, the " incompetents " speedily 
abandoning the rule that they should be fed with under- 
hand bowling only, and bravely facing the powerful (if not 



470 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



inevitably accurate) artillery of the " round arm," Games 
of lawn-tennis and a baseball match went on simultane- 
ousl}' during the morning hours. Just before noon a flag 
presented to the students by ladies of Philadelphia and 
Baltimore, gorgeous in scarlet and black, and inscribed 




BARCLAY HALL ENTEANCE. 

" Haverford," was raised on the flag-staff on the cricket- 
ground, replacing the old Dorian standard. At 1 o'clock 
the well-remembered bell gave the signal for luncheon, 
which was served by Andrew F. Stevens, caterer, and made 
substantial provision for the later occupations of the day. 
The whole of the first floor of Founders' Hall was devoted 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 471 

to this agreeable interlude. After luncheon as many persons 
as could be hurriedly summoned — several hundred in num- 
ber — formed a group at the front of Barclay Hall, and a 
remarkably successful photograph was the result. At half- 
past 2 an exhibition game of Rugby football was played 
— the contestants being undergraduates — to the great satis- 
faction of hundreds of onlookers. 

At half-past 3 in the afternoon Alumni Hall was 
crowded to overflowing by those who gathered to hear the 
formal exercises of the day. After a few moments of im- 
pressive silence, prayer was offered by Dr. James Carey 
Thomas, and the President of the Alumni Association, Dr. 
Henry Hartshorne, opened the meeting. 

President Chase then spoke, expressing the pleasure he 
felt in accepting the duty which had been assigned him of 
welcoming his hearers " to this great festival," and alluding 
to the fact that he had been connected with the college for 
a longer time than any other person who lived on the 
grounds was ever connected with it in any office. 

In graceful and appropriate language he welcomed the 
representatives of the early classes, then those of the middle 
period, and finally, with especial heartiness, his own pupils, 
who constituted considerably more than four-fifths of all the 
graduates up to that time. In conclusion he commended 
to all the injunction of Lord Coleridge, spoken a few days 
before from the same platform, that all should cherish the 
honorable traditions and associations which have already 
clustered around the name of Haverford. 

John B. Garrett, of the class of '54, then delivered the 
oration, which was a thoughtful historical review of the 
events of the past fifty years, and of the part played by the 
college in the wonderful human progress these years have 
witnessed. 



472 ■ HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Francis B. Gummere, of the class of 72, followed with a 
scholarly poem, admirably fitted in thought and expression 
to the spirit of the day. An oil portrait of Professor Pliny 
Earle Chase was then presented to the college by the class 
of '76 " as a testimonial of the large debt we owe him for 
his unfailing charity, for his broad wisdom, and for the 
patient care with which he pointed out principles which 
should serve as ' bases ' and * foundation-stones ' in after- 
life." 

About dusk supper was served in Founders' Hall, and 
after long discussion thereof, amply warranted by its merits, 
the participants gathered on the terrace in front of the old 
building, illuminated by electric lights distributed over the 
campus, and an informal meeting was held. Pr. Harts- 
horne, of the class of '39, presided, and opened the proceed- 
ings by a few appropriate remarks, reciting some original 
verses, entitled " Fifty Years Ago." 

After President Chase had spoken a few words on behalf 
of the Faculty, James Tyson, of the class of '60, Dean of 
the Medical Faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, was 
introduced, and after referring to his undergraduate experi- 
ence in public speaking said : 

" It has so happened that since leaving Haverford I have 
been brought into relation with colleges and many college 
graduates, and, as is natural under the circumstances, I have 
often compared the practices and results of other institutions 
with those of my own Alma Mater. As the outcome of 
such comparison there are three particulars in which it has 
appeared to me Haverford is conspicuous in its excellence. 
The first of these is the fidelity and conscientiousness with 
which its Faculty have always carried out all that has been 
announced in its curriculum. There are many colleges in 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 473 

the land whose standard and requirements upon paper may 
appear higher than those of Haverford, but there are few 
who live up to them as faithfully, or whose graduates show 
more decidedly the stamp of a careful training. 

"A second result of my observation has been to note the 
prominence which Haverford's graduates have assumed in 
whatever calling they may have engaged, and the respect 
they everywhere inspire. This, as I have said, is not con- 
fined to any one calling, but my own opportunities of com- 
parison have of course been more particularly in connection 
with the medical profession, and when we remember that 
the college classes have been restricted in numbers, the 
proportion of well-known and eminent medical men among 
them is conspicuous. 

" It has also been my good fortune to have to do with Hav- 
erfordians as students of medicine, in the medical depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania; and they are 
always of the best — the best prepared in their preliminary 
education, the most attentive and studious as pupils, and 
most creditable as graduates. 

" The third feature in which Haverford has appeared to 
advantage in my comparisons is the purity of the life here. 
This is scarcely understood at the time by those who live 
under its influence. Indeed, it is really only when we have 
boys of our own that we come to appreciate fully the life we 
knew at Haverford, and to feel it is here that the influences 
by which we would have them surrounded exist. 

" Fellow-Haverfordians : I am not eloquent, but if I were, 
I should sing such praises of our old school as would draw 
upon her the attention of the civilized world, as the home 
of sound culture and thorough training, of promises well 
fulfilled, and of a wholesome domestic life, whose recollec- 
tion is a wellspring of happy and joyous reminiscences." 



474 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Clement L. Smith, of the class of '60, Dean of the Faculty 
of Harvard College, in responding, said : 

" I am one of those who helieve that Haverford has still a 
great work before her. Now, what makes a college is men. 
Glad as we must be to see yonder handsome and comfort- 
able building, which has been erected since our day, it was 
a much greater thing that the orator could tell us this after- 
noon that the present Faculty is superior to any of its pre- 
decessors. ... I hope, therefore, that in all plans for 
the future of Haverford provision will be made, above all, 
for accomplished men." 

Francis T. King, of Baltimore, said : 

"I left Baltimore yesterday, and in three hours and a half 
I was at Haverford, and if I had been prevented from leav- 
ing home I could have sent you telegraphic notice of the 
fact in as many minutes. Fifty years ago I left Baltimore 
in a small side-wheel steamboat, at 7 a.m., landed at 
Frenchtown, on the headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay, 
crossed the State of Delaware, eighteen miles, on a strap- 
iron railway, to New Castle, thence by steamboat to Phila- 
delphia, arriving there about 6 p.m. After resting that 
night in the city, I reached Haverford next morning, in a 
single passenger carriage, drawn by a horse and driven b}^ 
* Old George,' with the baggage on top, in stage-coach style. 
The car was drawn from the level of the Schujdkill up an 
inclined plane to the height above by a stationary engine, 
which worked an endless rope, to which our car was attached. 

" I might draw almost as striking a contrast between the 
Haverford of 1833 and that of to-day as I have between my 
travelling experiences. In the one case a lonely hall, in the 
centre of unplanted fields ; in the other three large halls, 
surrounded by lawns, avenues, and groups of trees, which 
are the admiration of all who see them. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 475 

" It is true that Haverford College is not a large college — 
few denominational institutions of learning are — but it has 
been of incalculable benefit and blessing to the religious 
society in whose interest it w^as founded. It has produced 
no ' great men, ' but, perhaps, a larger proportion of success- 
ful men than any college of its size in our country." 

Eemarks followed from President Magill, of Swarthmore 
College, Henry Bettle, of the class of '61, Professor Pliny 
E. Chase, of the Faculty, and Augustus H. Reeve, of the 
class of '85, who spoke for the undergraduates. 

Some letters from absent brethren were read before the 
approach of the midnight hour cut short these exercises 
" under the lindens," which formed a delightful conclusion 
to a long, busy and never-to-be-forgotten occasion. The 
dawning to the day of rest was drawing near when the last 
guest departed. 

The celebration was a great success. Though the sun 
shone but fitfully through threatening clouds, there were 
bright faces shining with a kindlier human light. Friends — 
some of whom had not looked upon each other for well-nigh 
half a century, among them Dr. Thomas F. Cock, of New 
York, and Joseph Walton, of New Jersey, who composed the 
first graduating class — clasped hands again ; groups of con- 
temporaries dotted the lawns, each man vying with the 
other in fond recallings ; children sought the ancient haunts 
of their fathers, and the old rooms rang with their laughter. 
But the occasion was not without a deeper significance. 
Haverford men who had known their college only in the 
day of small things, saw with amazement how in fifty years, 
under cautious, conservative and wise mangement, she had 
grown in every department, material and intellectual, into 
the vigor and presence of a strong and healthy adolescence, 



476 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

and left her beautiful lawns with a renewed affection for 
and pride in their Alma Mater — a revived memor}' for her 
Past, a more assured hope for her Future. 

From nearly'' one hundred letters received by the Com- 
mittee on Invitations, many of which were read at the even- 
ing meeting, the following are extracts : 

John G. Whittier, Amesbury, Mass.: 

"The Semi-Centennial of Haverford College is an event 
that no member of the Society of Friends can regard with- 
out deep interest. It would give me great pleasure to be 
with you on the 27th inst., but the years rest heavily upon 
me, and I have scarcely health or strength for such a 
journey. 

''It w^as my privilege to visit Haverford in J 838, in 'the 
day of small beginnings.' The promise of usefulness which 
it then gave has been more than fulfilled. It has grown to 
be a great and well-established institution, and its influence 
in thorough education and moral training has been widely 
felt. If the high educational standard presented in the 
scholastic treatise of Barclay and the moral philosophy of 
Dymond has been lowered or disowned by many who, still 
retaining the name of Quakerism, have lost faith in the 
vital principle wherein precious testimonials of practical 
righteousness have their root, and have gone back to a dead 
literalness, and to those materialistic ceremonials for leav- 
ing which our old confessors suffered bonds and death, 
Haverford, at least, has been in a good degree faithful to 
the trust committed to it. Under circumstances of more 
than ordinary difficulty, it has endeavored to maintain the 
Great Testimony. 

" The spirit of its culture has not been a narrow one, nor 
could it be, if true to the broad and catholic principles of 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 477 

the eminent worthies who founded the State of Penn- 
sylvania — Penn, Lloyd, Pastorius, Logan, and Story — men 
who were masters of the scientific knowledge and culture 
of their age, hospitable to all truth, and open to all light, 
and who in some instances anticipated the result of modern 
research and critical inquiry. 

"It was Thomas Story, a minister of the Society of Friends, 
and member of Penn's Council of State, who, while on a 
religious visit to England, wrote to James Logan that he 
had read on the stratified rocks of Scarborough, as from the 
finger of God, proofs of the immeasurable age of our planet, 
and that the 'days' of the letter of Scripture could only 
mean vast spaces of time. 

" May Haverford emulate the example of these brave but 
reverent men, who, in investigating nature, never lost sight 
of the Divine Ideal, and who, to use the words of Fenelon, 
' silenced themselves to hear in the stillness of their souls 
the inexpressible voice of Christ.' Holding fast the mighty 
truth of the Divine Immanence, the Inward Light and 
Word, a Quaker college can have no occasion to renew the 
disastrous quarrel of religion with science. Against the 
sublime faith which shall yet dominate the world, scepti- 
cism has no power. No possible investigation of natural 
facts in searching criticism of letter and tradition can dis- 
turb it, for it has its witness in all human hearts. 

" That Haverford may fully realize and improve its great 
opportunities as an approved seat of learning and the 
exponent of a Christian philosophy which can never be 
superseded, which needs no change to fit it for universal 
acceptance, and which, overpassing the narrow limits of 
sect, is giving new life and hope to Christendom, and find- 
ing its witnesses in the Hindoo revivals of the Brahmo- 



478 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Somaj and the fervent utterances of Chunda Sen and Mo- 
zoomdar, is the earnest desire of thy friend." 

Thomas C, Hii.l, Chicago, 111.: 

" I should rejoice to be with you. As I write at this dis- 
tance, both of time and of space, pleasant associations are 
passing like a panorama before me. Besides the school- 
fellows and classmates are Superintendent Joseph Cartland, 
giving us a moral lecture during the five minutes before the 
second bell rings; Matron Elizabeth B. Hopkins, still in her 
teens, with the pantry-keys in a basket on her arm; the clas- 
sical Joseph W. Aldrich, the mathematical Hugh D. Vail, 
the literary and scientific Alfred H. and Albert K. Smiley." 

Joseph Cartland, Newburyport, Mass.: 

"Thirty years ago this autumn closed my official connec- 
tion with the institution, but I have never ceased to watch 
its progress with a sort of paternal regard, rejoicing in every 
indication of its prosperity. 

" I earnestly desire that Haverford may continue to main- 
tain its enviable reputation for the thoroughness and liber- 
ality of its curriculum, its moral and religious standing, 
its sound Christian teaching, and that its commanding 
influence in the Society of Friends may be ivisely con- 
servative and wisely jjrogressiveJ' 

It should be noted that the celebration did not lack a 
more substantial memorial than the pleasant memories of a 
festal day. Active friends once more put their energies to 
work in raising a fund of $50,000 to pay off the debt. Pay- 
ments on account of the fund were immediately made. By 
12th month, 1883, !|6,000 had been subscribed, and at the 
expiration of the following year the whole amount was made 
up. While a large number of the alumni contributed to 
this fund, its success was finally assured by the substantial 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 479 

support of the few devoted friends who have so often assisted 
Haverford. As a result of this gift the Managers were able 
to report in 1887, for the first time in many years, that the 
college was free from debt. 

Following close upon the College Anniversary came the 
Semi-Centennial of the Loganian Society, which was appro- 
priately observed on the evening of 1st month 21st, 1884. 
A goodly number of old members were present, represent- 
ing every class, from the septuagenarian to the last year's 
graduate, and the occasion was one of happy reunions and 
the exchange of pleasant reminiscences. 

The supper was served at 7 o'clock, in the new dining- 
room (formerly the collection-room) in Founders' Hall. 
At the anniversary meeting held immediately afterward, 
in Alumni Hall, Professor Sharpless, President of the Society, 
introduced Thomas Chase, President of the College, as the 
presiding officer of the evening. Before proceeding with 
the regular business a large number of letters from old 
members were read. Among these were acknowledgments 
from Dr. Thomas F. Cock, Joseph Walton, Clarkson Shep- 
pard, Francis T. King, Robert B. Howland, Professor Clem- 
ent L. Smith, Abram Taber, and J, M. Haworth. 

Dr. Cock very kindly presented framed photographs of 
Joseph Walton and himself, who composed the first class 
graduated from the institution in 1836. Some of the letters 
contained interesting recollections, and all of them expressed 
pleasant memories of the Society and warm wishes for its 
welfare. The roll of the honorary members who had ac- 
cepted the invitation to be present was then called. 

John Collins, Secretary of the first meeting of the Society, 
held 1st month 21st, 1834, read the minutes of that meeting 
from the original record book, and followed with an ad- 
dress on Haverford life in the early days. 



480 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Appropriate remarks followed, b}^ Lloyd P. Smith, Dr. 
Henry Hartshorne, Dr. James J. Levick, Robert Bowne, 
Edward Battle, Jr., Charles Roberts, Henry Cope and others. 
In response to an invitation previously issued, soliciting 
contributions for a special " Serai-Centeunial number of 
The Collegian,^' poems were prepared by Dr. Hartshorne, 
Thomas H. Burgess, Eclw. R. Wood and James W. Crom- 
well, and essays were written by Thomas Kimber, Lindley 
Murray, Philip C. Garrett, Franklin E. Paige and Charles 
Wood. Time did not permit the reading of all these con- 
tributions, and after the appointment of a Committee on 
Publication the meeting adjourned until 1934. The follow- 
ing extracts are taken from the printed report of the Anni- 
versary : 

Joseph W. Starr, Steele City, Nebraska, wrote as follows : 
" The receipt of another token of remembrance from 'dear 
Haverford ' awakened in me a glow that ' biting Boreas, 
fell and dour,' though wrought to the frenzy of a Nebraska 
blizzard, could in no wise chill. How gladly would I revisit 
those academic groves, though only to wander in the snow 
beneath their leafless boughs, or through the hall which they 
shelter, silent of footsteps save my own, as I did on the only 
visit it has been my pleasure to make to the old scenes since 
I ceased to be a part of them. How much more gladly to 
meet even a few men, gray-headed, perhaps, like myself — 
grown from the ardent and hopeful youth — comrades over a 
quarter of a century ago — to learn what life has done for 
each in the wa}'' of achievement and instruction, or to speak 
of those who can never again speak to us of themselves. 
But the fates will it otherwise ; for, deep in that ' struggle 
for existence,' wholesome or otherwise as we make it, I 
must stay by my pigs and calves to prosper them and me, 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 481 

SO that my boys, haply, may have opportunity to lay up 
store of pleasant memories, as I have had. Only in thought 
can I be with you at your reunion. With this must I con- 
tent me, and with the knowledge, not without pride, that in 
my small way I am of you, though not with you. 

" How brooding memory warms those old times into new 
life ! The mists of twenty-seven years dissolve into clear 
ether. Time and distance are annihilated, and there seems 
a very j^resence of those far-off scenes that is fairly startling 
to me in its reality. Indeed, does not my mental vision 
serve me better than I could expect of the outward eye? At 
this very moment I am there again — there — the old there. I 
found Haverford changed, revisiting it after eight years' 
absence. Still more so should I now. The very approach 
is different. Not nearly so handsome to me the new station 
as the little wooden one, where I have known more than 
one youngster's heart passingly disturbed from its accus- 
tomed serenity by the fair face of a fellow-student's sister. 
The trees are larger ; there are other buildings and stranger 
faces. I should find the few acquaintances I should meet 
altered in feature, their brains otherwise occupied than by 
schoolboy dreams ; and should I turn from their changed 
voices I could find in that stranger throng solitude enough 
to recall other absent faces and voices, only to remember 
that some of them are shut in and silenced forever by the 
grave. 

"Only think ! This very night, whilst I have been writing, 
my own daughter has been busy packing her trunk to go 
away to school, with what of anticipation and aspiration God 
wots. And my own school-days, whic'ii time and events, the 
cares of business, the hardships and dangers of w^ar, the 
sweet transports of love and courtship, tears shed upon quiet 
31 



482 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

little faces, change of home, spiritual questionings and 
struggles — a thousand things — should remove so far, are 
with me still. And with such vividness ! I catch myself 
listening with outward ear for the gruff tones of Cyrus Men- 
denhall, whose mental and physical strength had in them 
so much of promise. Again, at sunny noon, I recline be- 
neath the purple beech, or trudge the dusty village street, in 
the falling shades of evening, with a boon companion — Steve 
Wood — whose conversational powers delighted me so much. 
" Uncle" Jim Wood, Satterthwaite, Will Rhoads, the Wis- 
tars, Longstreth, Yarnall, and others, are with me in the 
game of football, the surreptitious use of foils, the recitation- 
room, at the breakfast of "porgies,"' and in all those old and 
various scenes as distinctly as if I saw and heard them. Or, 
with Joseph Harlan, I am in the observatory, assisting in 
observations to regulate the clock — his face half sad and 
wholly sober, as if looking out with those solemn eyes into 
that other night, ' gathering fast,' to swallow him from wife 
and children to dwell forever amid the stars he loved so 
well. Or, in the little meeting-house I study the counte- 
nance of Dr. Swift, after he had watched the boys until they 
had settled into order, increasing in seriousness as he 
gathered 'into the quiet' — his gaze directed through the 
window farther away than the hills upon the horizon — a rapt 
expression of mingled solemnity and tenderness deepening 
in his face until a tear trickling down his cheek would 
rouse him with a start and a beautiful smile to a sense of 
his surroundings. Dear old Doctor ! How I used to wish I 
could follow his thoughts out of the window and far away. 
I wonder if he is training cucumbers out of the windows of 
heaven ? The Doctor's cucumbers were an early lesson to 
me of how much beauty there might be in common things. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL, 483 

It was in the little meeting-house, also, that I used to hear 
Samuel Bettle say that " Wisdom's ways are ways of pleas- 
antness, and all her paths are peace," in such tones that I 
have ever since wished that I could walk in them. 

" I remember once that Dr. Swift was disciplining me for 
supposed misconduct at the table, by requiring m}'- attend- 
ance upon him in his recitation-room at all hours through 
the day, except school-hours and a half hour before each 
meal allowed me for exercise. The Doctor was mistaken as 
to facts, but shut off my attempted explanation with a hor- 
rified exclamation, 'Stop! stop! when one tries to justify 
himself in evil-doing, he is doubly lost.' So, with a 
feeling of soreness and rebellion on my part (which he 
readily recognized) and firm determination on his part, 
we sat down to have it out. No further words passed be- 
tween us except his regular injunction : ' Return imme- 
diately after dinner,' ' Return after school,' etc. I took 
my books with me and occupied myself with study, as he 
did also. It was quite a strain upon me, as evidently it was 
on him. On the third day, in the afternoon, before supper, 
my thoughts, unoccupied otherwise, reverted to a dead 
friend, and so dwelt upon my loss that I was eventually 
moved to tears. The tears came suddenly — my face toward 
the Doctor — though not looking at him. With cj^uick hand 
I dashed them away, but his quicker eye had detected them. 
Wonderful change ! With look of intense surprise, of pity, 
of gladness, and, I thought, of self-reproach, he broke forth 
in deep tones, pencil in air, ' There ! there ! that will do. 
Thee may go ! ' My first impulse was to tell him he was 
mistaken ; but as I looked into that face so full of goodness 
and tenderness, of sympathy for me and hope for me, I could 
not find it in my heart to undeceive him. I took my books 



484 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

and went silently ; the subject was never mentioned between 
us. I always loved him afterward, and I believe he w^as ever 
after my fast friend." 

Lloyd P. Smith, of the class of '37, Librarian of the 
Philadelphia Library, read the following 

Reminiscences. 

A story is told, I think, in Segur's Histoire de la grande 
armee, of a soldier who, on the retreat from Moscow, man- 
aged to reach Smolensk, and, staggering into headquarters, 
reported himself for duty. 

" Who are you ?" said the officer in command. 

Drawing himself up to his full height, and making a 
military salute, " General," he said, " I am the Thirty- 
seventh Regiment of the Line !" 

I cannot exactly say that I am the Class of 1837, but 
when I look back and see how many of my fellows have 
perished by the way, some at the passage of the Beresina, 
and again look round and see how few survive, I am irre- 
sistibly reminded of the campaign of Moscow. Jonathan 
Fell is dead; Gustavus Logan is dead; Dickinson Logan, 
William Longstreth, Benjamin Marsh — one of the best of 
men ; Liddon Pennock, Charles Sharpless — a man of im- 
mense force and versatility, who was bound to succeed in 
everything he undertook ; Wyatt Wistar — amiable and good, 
and last, not least, my own familiar friend, Lindley Fisher, 
high-toned, brilliant, and ambitious — all these are dead. 
They have gone over to the majority, and we, who survive, 
will join them soon. One generation cometh and another 
goeth, but Haverford, I trust, abideth forever. The honor- 
able toil of so many teachers, the laborious tasks of so many 
students, constitute a foundation for great results in time 
to come. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 485 

I have been requested to give some reminiscences of our 
common Alma Mater in its earlier days — what might be 
called its Paley-olithic period. T could tell of breaking- 
through the ice at Kelly's dam and walking back to Haver- 
ford, wet to my middle, and shivering in the bitter wind, 
but finding in my room a package of gingerbread from 
home, and, better still, some numbers of Waldie's Portfolio ; 
of quietly getting out of the window one First day evening 
while dear old John Gummere was reading to us from the 
Friends' Library, and going with another boy down to the 
dam to take a swim by moonlight ; of seeing the trees 
planted which now constitute the fine avenue from the 
turnpike. But I prefer to speak of him who was for 
Haverford what Arnold was for Rugby — the great teacher — 
he who gave the tone to the school and made Haverford 
what it was. I mean Daniel B. Smith, a man, if ever there 
was one, of genuine culture. Leaving his business and 
going to Haverford from a sense of duty, there to take the 
chair of Natural Philosophy, his influence was in the direc- 
tion of liberal studies, of a wide range of thought, of an en- 
larged view of science. On First day afternoons he used 
to read to us in sympathetic tones from the great masters of 
religious eloquence. One sermon, I recollect, was by Robert 
Hall, on " War," in which the possessor of that great wit, 
which was to madness near allied — defended war on Chris- 
tian principles. Professor Smith, while himself almost 
carried away by the ringing periods of the book before him, 
warned us against allowing our reason to be taken captive 
by the eloquence of the writer. Once — and this involves a 
confession — when I was guilty of plagiarism, being hard 
put to it to write a composition, instead of scolding me, he 
merely remarked that while it was a useful exercise to read 



486 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

an essay from the Spectator and then shut the book and turn 
it into my own language, it did no good to copy the very 
words. 

Lindley Murray, among other interesting " Recollections," 

states : 

" I remember well that while a student at Haverford, on 
the occasion of my return home at one of our vacations, I 
was a passenger in the first train which passed over the 
second railroad built in the United States — that from Bor- 
dentown to Perth-Amboy. This was, I think, in the year 
1834 ; and now, in 1884, there are one hundred and twenty 
thousand miles of railroad within our borders." 

The following verses are taken from the poem entitled 
" Haverford — a Vacation Visit," by James AV. Cromwell : 

Through the Gymnasium first we stray, 
Wherein, it seems hut yesterday, 

We leaped as light as Remus ; 
Then, passing through the utmost door. 
Again we merrily explore 

The Grove of Academus. 

Not happier roams the spotted fawn 
Than we, as round about the Lawn 

We chase tlie moments fleeting; 
And, as we pass their ranks between, 
Tiie shrubs along the Serpentine 

Nod us a friendly greeting. 

Now, arm-in-arm, aglow with talk. 
We stroll along tlie Sharon Walk, 

Seeking the Tree of Knowledge ; 
Tlien, under the Timothean Arch 
We pass, as in triumphal march. 

Toward the dear old College. 

Not to the schloss, with towers tall, 
Built since our day, called Barclay Hall, 

But to the temple yellow, 
Again-!t wiiose wall the ivy clings, 
And o'er wiiose front the linden flings 

A sliade subdued and mellow. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 487 

Methinks I see, in fancy's cloud, 
Harlan, calm-eyed and marble-brow'd, 

Noble in thought and feature ; 
And Doctor Swift — majestic form ! 
A philanthropic thunder-storm — 

Stern judge, but genial teacher. 

I love him, though he called me once 
A name that signifieth " dunce, " 

And, ere the lecture ended, 
Bade me note that o'er my head 
Was hanging by a single thread 

Damocles' sword suspended. 

The cook had given me two pies — 
For I found favor in her eyes. 

I'm sure it must have shock'd her 
To learn that in my roomward course 
I'd rush'd, like a stampeded horse. 

Against the awful Doctor. 

I gained my room, I closed the door, 
My booty quick I covered o'er. 

And in my wardrobe threw it. 
" All's well, " thought I— but, ah ! the shock 
I felt to hear a solemn knock ; 
'Twas Nemesis — 1 knew it. 

" What had the boy beneath his coat ?" 
The answer quavered in my throat — 
" A pie— from — off the dresser." 
"Return it — and return again !" 

I think I've mentioned there were twain ; 
I took back one — tiie lesser. 

Sternly he lectured me, and long; 
"Ponder these words from Virgil's song," 

Such was his j)eroration ; 
"Their meaning if thee fails to trace. 
Go to Professor Thomas Chase 
And ask for the translation : 

" ' Facilis descensus Averno, 
Sed REVOCARE GRADUM, superasque evadere ad auras. 

Hoc — OPUS, — HIC — LABOR — EST.' " 

The lecturers of the year— always welcome visitors in the 
dulness of winter months — were of conspicuous ability, and 



488 HISTOKY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

their appearance excited more than usual interest. On 
10th month 17th, 1883, Lord Chief Justice Coleridge of 
England, the guest of Ellis Yarnall, had visited the college 
by invitation, and delivered a most interesting address to 
the students and their friends from the platform of Alumni 
Hall. His remarks were delivered in an easy, converM- 
tional manner, from a few heads noted on a piece of paper 
held in his hands, yet they constituted one of the ablest 
addresses he delivered on American soil, and were full of 
instruction and suggestion to his audience. 

President Chase introduced the speaker in a few remarks, 
in which he spoke of the name of Coleridge as ''a name 
which is music in the ears of all cultivated Americans, as 
associated with poems of the most vivid imagination, the 
sweetest fancy, and the most exquisite melody, and with 
prose writings highly stimulating to thought — writings, both 
in prose and verse, which had great influence in this country 
a generation ago in moulding the minds of some of the fore- 
most of the leaders of thought in America to-day." 

Thus introduced, the speaker, after alluding to his ac- 
quaintance with Dr. Arnold and the great English schools, 
proceeded to speak of the study of English literature and to 
recommend the learning by heart of the best passages as a 
valuable preparation for the work of after-life. He named 
Bryant as his favorite among American poets, because his 
writings, besides being "noble, natural, and invigorating, 
are so full of the characteristics of his country." Among 
prose writers he spoke of Lord Bolingbroke as "a writer 
of the most perfect English — rising, at times, to a nervous 
and sinewy eloquence;" Lord Erskine "the greatest advo- 
cate since Cicero," was placed second, then followed Burke, 
Hooker and Bacon. Among modern authors, Cardinal 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 489 

Newman was considered a master of English, and Haw- 
thorne was mentioned as " your greatest writer — the master 
of an exquisite and absolutely perfect style." The study of 
the classics was strongly advised, naming in order of ex- 
cellence Homer, Virgil, Euripides, Catullus and Horace. 

Lord Coleridge concluded his admirable address by tell- 
ing his young hearers to acquaint themselves with good 
books, as "you will find your memories of great and whole- 
some literature a constant solace and refreshment," counsel- 
ling them to lead earnest, faithful lives and " above all 
preserve your moral purity. Nothing wdll so keep you to 
it, nothing will tend more to keep you from evil, than the 
company of good books and the thoughts and counsels of 
good men." 

Another lecturer who attracted an appreciative audience 
was James Bryce, M.P., of Oxford University, England, the 
brilliant historian, who spoke on " The Historical Value of 
the Poems of Homer and Dante." The interest excited by 
this lecture resulted in starting a voluntary class for the 
study of Italian, under President Chase, which read seven 
cantos of Dante's "Inferno" in the original. Professor Corson 
again gave two lectures and readings on literary subjects. 

About the middle of the year the Senior Class — who felt 
the need of clearer knowledge with regard to the issues of 
the day — invited Jonathan Chace, then a representative in 
Congress, and since United States Senator from Rhode 
Island, and James Wood, to enlighten the students on the 
tariff question, from the respective points of view of a 
manufacturer and farmer. Both of these lectures proved of 
great interest and attracted large and appreciative audiences. 

Early in 1884 the new astronomical telescope was mounted. 
During the previous year Professor Sharpless had called 



490 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

attention to the importance of better equipping the observa- 
tory. As a result of his energy a sufficient sum was raised 
to warrant the ordering from Alvan Clarke & Sons of a new 
refractor of ten-inch aperture. The original intention was 
to mount this instrument on the old pedestal, but as it 
approached completion it became evident that such a course 
would prove unsatisfactory. As on so many oth^r occasions, 
James Whitall came forward and contributed the funds 
necessary to erect a new dome of modern construction, just 
south of the observatory, and connected with it by a covered 
passage. A helioscope and spectroscope were also added to 
the equipment, thus making the instrument available for 
work, which was impossible with the old telescope. The 
total cost of dome, telescope and equipment was $4,338, 
subscribed by about twenty-five contributors. 

One important experiment was made in the Junior Day 
exercises — that of devoting two days to the subject, and 
allowing each member of the class to deliver his oration. 
As this was the first opportunity enjoyed by many of the 
students for exhibitions in public of their forensic skill, it 
was thought by some that the number of speakers should 
not be restricted. 

During the ensuing summer the massive granite gateway, 
the gift of Justus C. Strawbridge, was erected on the Lan- 
caster Turnpike, at the entrance to Maple Avenue, thus 
giving the approach from that direction an imposing and 
finished aspect. 

Soon the rare days of June gave warning of the close of 
the year. The usual electioneering went on for official 
positions in the societies and other college organizations, 
the cricketers wore more cheerful countenances under the 
influence of brighter prospects, and even the Seniors' dignity 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 491 

relaxed somewhat when the Faculty granted them a week 
at the end of their exertions. 

Five speakers contended in the alumni contest, the ven- 
erable Loganian held once more its " public meeting,' 
" Wentworth " was burned with pagan ceremonies, and 
Commencement Day came and went without " strains of 
music " being heard by any of the audience. This delight 
was reserved for the Philadelphia reporters, who got up 
their reports of the day in the home office. 

This year the Board of Managers lost one of its most 
useful members, who was removed by death. Edward L. 
Scull had been graduated from the college in 1864 with high 
rank in character and scholarship. He rendered valuable 
services in connection with the erection and equipment of 
Barclay Hall and as chairman of the committee in charge 
of the remodelling of the interior of Founders' Hall. "So 
long as his health permitted he bestowed a wise liberality 
and diligent attention upon the interests of Haverford. His 
fine mental attainments, the Christian grace of his char- 
acter, and his deep and lasting interest in the welfare of 
young men, qualified him in a peculiar degree for this ser- 
vice, wherein his loss will long be felt." By his will he 
bequeathed |10,000 to the corporation. 

Toward the close of the college year, 1883-84, a move- 
ment started among some of the residents along the line of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad, who felt the need of better 
school facilities near home, which resulted in the estab- 
lishment of what has since become known as Haverford 
College Grammar School. A sketch of this school is a legiti- 
mate part of the history of the college, the relations between 
them being such as to justify a short notice of the first seven 
years of its existence, and the school as now permanently 



492 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



established, on a separate foundation, being free from the 
objections to the defunct preparatories. 

In the 6th month, 1884, some of the residents, under the 
lead of A. J. Cassatt, offered to build a schoolhouse on the 
college land, and present it to the corporation, to be used, 
under the control of the Managers, as a school preparatory- 
to the college. On the recommendation of the Executive 




THE HAVERFORD GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 

Committee, and the strong endorsement of President Chase 
and Dean Sharpless, the offer was accepted, and the Board 
appointed what is known as "The Governing Committee of 
Haverford College Grammar School." This committee con- 
tinues to be one of the standing committees of the Board, 
and, with the President of the college as an ex-officio 
member, is charged with the supervision of the school. 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 493 

While the college has no share in the profits or losses and 
assumes no financial responsibility in the management of 
the school, the committee nominates the head-master to the 
Board, makes report to the Board, and consults with the 
head-master respecting some parts of the scholastic work. 
As it was found impossible to have a school-building finished 
in time to open for the Fall term of 1884, a house was rented 
near the college station, where school was opened 9th month 
23d, 1884, under the temporary care of Dean Sharpless. A 
few weeks later the Governing Committee appointed -Charles 
S. Crosman, a graduate of Haverford and Harvard, as head- 
master, and he at once took charge of the school. 

In 4th month, 1885, the subscribers to the building fund 
began the erection of a school-building in the field between 
the college lane and the old railroad track — a situation 
near the station and convenient to the public roads. This 
new building was occupied at the opening of the school 
year 1885. 

During the summer of 1887 Henry N.. Hoxie, a teacher of 
experience, became associated with Charles S. Crosman as 
head-master, and the Fall term of the same year was opened 
in an enlarged school-building, affording greatly improved 
accommodations. In 1890 another addition was made, 
giving a fine gymnasium-room, well equipped with modern 
apparatus, and other rooms needed for the convenience and 
health of the pupils. These successive additions to the 
original building have brought the total cost of the structure 
up to nearly $25,000, all of which has become the property 
of our corporation through the liberality and confidence of 
the patrons and head-masters of the school. 

The situation of the school, amid beautiful and healthful 
surroundings, is attractive, and with courses of instruction 
modelled after the best schools of a similar grade, with a 



494 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

body of skilled teachers in sympathy with the college, 
engaged in developing the minds and bodies of man}" boys 
gathered from among the neighbors, the school conducts a 
work in close sympathy with the higher education of the 
college. 

In spite of fears felt by some old Haverfordians that the 
proximity of the " Incubator," as the school was earl}'^ 
named, would somehow injuriously affect the dignity or 
interests of the college students, no such results have 
followed. On the contrary, the best of feeling has always 
existed between the young men of both places, and while the 
experiment is not fully developed, there seems good reason 
to believe the college will continue to derive benefit from 
the establishment of the Grammar School. The attendance 
has steadily increased from 27 pupils in 1884 to 115 in 
1891. Of the 22 graduates of the school who have entered 
college, 16 have gone to Haverford. 

Before the college opened in the autumn of 1884, the 
British Association for the Advancement of Science held its 
annual meeting in Montreal. A few days later the Ameri- 
can Association met in Philadelphia, and, as was expected, 
many of the British members attended. The college au- 
thorities, under proper restrictions, granted the use of the 
buildings and grounds to the Ladies' Local Reception Com- 
mittee, who were desirous of providing an open-air enter- 
tainment, and on 9th month 10th, the beautiful park sur- 
rounding the college was the scene of festivities both unique 
and delightful. From 5 o'clock in the afternoon until 9 
o'clock the grounds and halls were thronged by a most in- 
teresting company of guests, from our own and foreign lands. 
Many of these spoke with pleasure of the informality of the 
occasion, and all pronounced the green turf and grateful 
hade, the pure air and comfortable temperature a most 



THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL. 495 

welcome change from the stifling city, where they had been 
confined during a week of the most oppressive heat. 

The beauty of the grounds won universal commendation. 
" How like the park of an English nobleman!" said a digni- 
tary of the Church of England to Bishop Stevens, as they 
approached the college. The rooms in Barclay Hall were 
praised for their cosy convenience, pleasant outlook and 
tasteful furnishing; the library in Alumni Hall (from which 
the benches had been taken out and disposed about the 
grounds) was a favorite resort; and a large number of dis- 
tinguished scientists visited with great interest the observa- 
tories and laboratory. 

As darkness approached, the grounds were illuminated 
with electric lights. The effect was particularly beautiful 
from a distance. Persons walking in remote portions of the 
grounds looked across the lawns and through the trees to a 
brilliantly lighted scene in front of Founders' Hall, where 
ladies and gentlemen were seated, or moving to and fro, 
engaged in animated conversation, or partaking of refresh- 
ments from the well-furnished tables. 

Many well-known people from the city and vicinity were 
present, as well as representatives of nearly all kindred 
institutions in the United States — the ladies acting as host- 
esses. Great Britain naturally furnished the largest number 
of foreign visitors, with names conspicuous in various fields 
of science, professors and dons from Oxford and Cambridge, 
also from France, Germany, Hungary and Japan. 

The occasion was one of pleasant interest to all who took 
part, and the old students who surveyed the unwonted 
scene hoped Haverford would be benefited by being pre- 
sented under such favorable circumstances to prominent 
visitors, many of them engaged in educational work, and 
nearly all thoughtful and influential members of society. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY, 

1884-87. 

On estates an eye we cast, 
And pleasure there expect to find. — Thomas Ellwood. 

Yet another material addition marked the advent of 
another year. This was the establishment of an entirely new 
course — that of engineering. There had long been a demand 
for such a course, and the well-equipped machine-shop and 
appliances, under the charge of James Beatty, Jr., from 
Stevens' Institute, Hoboken, at once proved very attractive 
to those who expected to follow engineering, or desired to 
become proficient in the use of tools. 

The chemical students, on their return, found the labora- 
tory much improved by the addition of new working tables, 
so that thirty-eight students could now work at one time to 
fairly good advantage. Thomas Newlin came from the 
West as Professor of Zoology and Botany and assistant in 
the discipline. 

Henry Carvill Lewis, who had in the previous yea.T accep- 
tably lectured before the students on geological subjects, 
was appointed Professor of Geology, but owing to his ab- 
sence in Europe he was unable to give regular instructions 
in this department.' Professor Sharpiess, in addition to 

' Professor Lewis was a young scientist of unusual brilliancy and promise, 
and distinguislied himself greatly by his observations and theories on Terminal 
Moraines and other subjects. These attracted so much attention at a session 
of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, that he was 

(496) 




DAVID SCULL SENIOR. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 497 

acting as Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, at this 
time entered with zeal into the laborious and responsible 
duties of Dean, and took charge of the business management, 
the discipline and the domestic affairs. The powers and 
duties of the President remained unchanged. He continued 
to be the literary head of the college and its representative 
on public occasions, and in consultation with the Faculty 
directed the courses of study. 

The Catalogue of this year notes a change in the title of 
the course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. It was 
now called the " Course in Arts and Science," instead of the 
"Classical Course" — a wise change, since the course is no 
narrow one, but requires a knowledge of the great principles 
of mathematics, physics, chemistry and natural history in 
addition to languages. 

On the day before Christmas, David Scull, the elder, 
died. He was born in the 12th month, 1799, at Sculltown, 
N. J. His mother was an acknowledged Minister in the 
Society of Friends. Early in life he succeeded his father, 
Gideon Scull, in the management of a country store. In 
1837 he removed to Philadelphia, and engaged in the 
wholesale dry goods business, until 1849, when he left it and 
followed the wool business, with his sons, and here laid the 
foundation of his fortune, retiring in 1862. He was a 
man of great probity, highly respected by those who knew 
him, and was of noble and commanding presence. He be- 
came a Manager of Haverford, and continued his active 
interest in the institution until his death — his will bear- 
honored with an invitation from the Queen to dine with her. Two visits to 
England interrupted his course of lectures at Haverford, and during the last 
of these he was cut off in the prime of his career by an attack of malarial 
fever, dying while abroad. He combined with unusual talents for scientific 
investigation a great dignity, urbanity and beauty of character. 
32 



498 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ing evidence of that interest. In 1823 he married Lydia 
Lippincott. Their youngest son, Edward Lawrence Scull, 
preceded his father to the better land only a few months. 
The family have been among the college's most liberal bene- 
factors. 

" The still air of quiet studies" was rustled by the stirring 
Presidential campaign of 1884. A Blaine and Logan Club 
was formed, and gowns and mortar boards adopted as a uni- 
form, which, although stimulating to the wits of the wayside, 
commanded reverence from the worthy and fair. The un- 
speakable satisfaction of walking in a torchlight procession 
and of quenching patriotism in hot campaign coffee, comes 
rarely to the undergraduate, and our young Republicans 
fully believed the large majority of their part}^ in Pennsyl- 
vania was partly due to their efforts. But when accounts 
were balanced the few Democrats and Mugwumps were the 
only ones able to march, after their kind, in celebrating a 
victory ; and the invidious said that such great impecuni- 
osity prevailed in the camp of the vanquished that a Senior 
would rather have a $4.50 text-book charged to his account 
than pay 25 cents in cash for a second-hand copy. 

The lectures of the year were more numerous than usual. 
Luigi Monti, "the young Sicilian" of Longfellow's "Tales 
of the Wayside Inn," delivered four of them, one of which 
was devoted to the dramatis personx of that poem. On 
Washington's Birthday, 1885, a large audience gathered in 
Alumni Hall to listen to an address by the accomplished 
lawyer, Wayne MacVeagh, late Attorney-General of the 
United States. In graceful manner and with elegant and 
vigorous language he strongly appealed to his hearers to 
consider the important questions of the times, and to appre- 
ciate more highly the duties of American citizenship. On 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 499 

10th month 16th, seven students spoke at the Junior 
Exhibition. President Chase opened the exercises with 
remarks in Latin, and alluded to the silver tankard on ex- 
hibition in the Library, won by the college cricket club, 
which then held the championship in the Intercollegiate 
Cricket Association. 

Jacob P. Jones, whose magnificent intentions had till now 
only been foreshadowed in intimations, died on the 20th of 
5th month, 1885; and we must digress from our beaten 
track long enough to introduce a sketch of the life and 
antecedents of this excellent man — the great benefactor of 
our college. 

The history of the early settlement of Haverford, Radnor, 
Merion, and indeed that of Philadelphia itself, is closely 
connected with that of the rise and progress of the religious 
Societ}^ of Friends in Wales. 

George Fox began his public ministry in the year 1647, 
but it was not until the year 1653 that, to use his own 
words, " one Morgan Floyd, a priest of Wrexham, sent two 
of his congregation to the North of England to trie us, and 
to bring home an account of us." Both of these messengers 
were convinced of the truth, as held by Friends, and one of 
them, John ap John, became an earnest advocate of it. In 
the year 1657 he accompanied Fox in his first visit to 
Wales, beginning at Cardiff and passing so far north as 
Beaumaris. 

There is something in the Welsh character which leads 
to independence of thought and action, and non-conformity 
to the Established Church had a large place, even then, in 
Wales. Hence the people were more ready to hear Fox 
and -his associates than had been the case elsewhere. At 
Cardiff, at Swansea, at Dolgelly, and its neighboring town 



500 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of Bala, large and " blessed " meetings were held. From 
among the first the converts to Quakerism in Wales were 
from the more intelligent classes. Fox himself mentions 
that among those who received them kindly and attended 
his meetings were " the justices of the peace, the Mayor of 
the town, professors, priests, the gentry of the country." In 
concluding the interesting narrative of his journey through 
Wales, Fox writes: " I had travelled through every county 
in Wales, preaching the everlasting gospel of Christ; and 
.a brave people there is now who have received it and sit 
under Christ's teachings ; the Lord hath a precious seed 
thereaway," and he pathetically adds, " the}'^ have suffered 
much for Him." 

From among these brave people — this precious seed — 
came the Friends who settled Haverford, Radnor, Merion, 
and much of Philadelphia. 

Samuel Jones, father of Jacob Paul Jones, the subject of 
this mem'oir, was, on his paternal side, a direct descendant 
of Henry Lewis,^ who, with his friends Lewis David and 
William Howell, made the first settlement in Haverford 

^"The first settlement made in Haverford, in 1682, was by Henry Lewis, 
Lewis David and William Howell. As a member of the Society of Friends, 
Henry Lewis was strict in the performance of his religious duties. He devoted 
also much of his time to civil affairs and acts of benevolence. Before the 
establishment of Haverford Monthly Meeting, in 1684, he belonged to Phila- 
delphia Montlily Meeting, and was by that body appointed one of a committee 
to visit the sick and the poor and administer what they should judge convenient 
at the expense of the Meeting. He held the office of '' peacemaker " for the 
County of Philadelphia, and was foreman of the first Grand Jury of the 
County." — S^niUi's History of Delaware County. 

William Penn, in his letter of 1683 to the Society of Free Traders, says : 
"To prevent lawsuits, there are three peacemakers chosen by every County 
Court, in the nature of Common Arbitrators, to hear and to end difterences 
betwixt man and man." 

The Hon. Eli K. Price, in his Centennial address, speaks of Henry Lewis 
as " the loved and trusted friend of William Penn." 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 501 

township ; and of David Jones, to whom, in 1699, was 
granted a tract of some hundred acres in the township of 
Blockley, which is still a part of the family estate. 

On his mother's side he was fourth in descent from John 
ap Thomas, who purchased of William Penn 10,000 acres 
of land, in what is now the township of Merion, for himself 
and other Friends of Penllyn, North Wales. 

John ap Thomas was one of the gentry of the country 
referred to in Fox's journal, and, becoming a Friend at or 
about the time of Fox's visit, was greatly a sufferer thereby. 
For while, in the early visit of Fox and his coadjutors, they 
were kindly received, yet so many were drawn to their faith 
and teachings that the priests and magistrates were stirred 
up to bitter persecution, and John ap Thomas and other 
Friends had to endure fines, imprisonments and much loss 
of worldly goods. 

Llaithgwm, his old home, a few miles from Bala, North 
Wales, is still standing, and is a large stone building, with 
numerous smaller farm-houses near it. The house itself is 
sheltered by the side of a hill, while but a few rods beyond 
there is a beautiful distant mountain and river view. The 
old Meeting House at Hendri Mawr, a mile or so distant, from 
which came many of the certificates of removal of the early 
settlers of Pennsylvania, is still there, though now sadly 
changed ; while Havod Vadog, the burial ground of these 
early Welsh Friends, is yet to be seen, but, like so many of 
the burial places of Friends in Wales and elsewhere, in a 
state of great neglect.^ 

Samuel Jones was indeed of purely Welsh blood. He was 

^ For a fuller history of John ap Thomas and his Frieads, see The Pennsyl- 
vania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IV, pp. 301 et seq. and pp. 
471 et seq. 



502 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

man of genial manners, courteous in his bearing, active 
in his movements, and much beloved. Some of the older 
scholars of Haverford may yet recall his kind, genial face 
and venerable appearance in the preachers' gallery at Hav- 
erford Monthly Meeting, of which he and his wife were 
members. Old as he then was, he was remarkably agile, 
and there was a story current among the students that on a 
summer's day his horse became restive and was in danger 
of injuring his "chair" and other carriages about him. 
Samuel Jones saw the threatened mischief and the need of 
prompt action to avert it. The clerk was reading at the 
head of the gallery, and he was too polite to interrupt him ; 
all the seats below him were occupied, so laying his hands 
on the upper rail of the gallery, with all the agility of a 
young athlete, he threw himself lightly over it and in a few 
minutes was at the head of his restive horse. He died at 
the old home of his family, Rhos y mynydd, A.D. 1850. 

He married Martha, daughter of Jacob and Mary Paul, of 
Plymouth, Montgomery County. She was an earnest, gentle, 
Christian woman, strongly attached to the religious Society 
of Friends, in w^hose faith she had been reared. She died a 
year before her husband. With such an ancestry it is not 
surprising that Jacob P. Jones was strongly attached to the 
faith of his fathers, and that, though not adopting the pecu- 
liar garb of the Society, and tolerant in his judgment of 
others, he was yet always at heart a Friend. 

He was born in Philadelphia, on Second Street, near Arch 
Street, where his parents were then temporarily residing, 5th 
month 9th, 1806. Much of his boyhood, as well as of his 
later years, was passed in the country, at his Blockley home 
or at that near the Wissahickon. He loved the country and 
the outdoor life it afforded. His early education was at the 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 503 

Friends' School, then taught by Elihu Pickermg; but, a few 
years before reaching manhood, he became a pupil of the 
late John Gummere, whose school at Burlington had then 
attained great prominence. Jacob P. Jones was greatly 
attached to his old preceptor, and always spoke of him with 
respect. 

Machinery and its workings, from his boyhood, had a great 
charm for him, and soon after leaving school he visited the 
principal woolen manufactories of New England, in one of 
which he became an apprentice and was for a short time 
engaged in business there on his own account. All plans 
of this kind were set aside by the failing health and later 
by the death of his maternal uncle, Samuel Paul, who be- 
qeathed to him his property on the Wissahickon. For years 
the Paul family had been owners of land in Plymouth 
township and its vicinity, and had been profitably interested 
in the milling business on the Wissahickon. The oppor- 
tunity of at once engaging in a self-supporting business was 
too tempting to be resisted, and the young nephew at once 
took up the business which his uncle had hitherto so suc- 
cessfully carried on. Here, on the banks of the Wissahickon, 
many years were pleasantly passed. His home was pre- 
sided over by his mother's sister, Elizabeth Paul, for whom 
the subject of this memoir retained, so long as she lived, a 
warm affection. Young cousins, too, made the house at- 
tractive, and the days at Wissahickon were always remem- 
bered with pleasure. 

This idyllic life, however, was not to continue ; other and 
larger fields of labor were opening before him, and early in 
the year 1836 Jacob P. Jones left his mill at Wissahickon 
to engage in pursuits which, steadily widening in their ex- 
tent, claimed his attention during the remaining years of 



504 HISTOEY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

his business life. Between the members of his father's 
family and those of the late Israel W. Morris, of Green Hill, 
there had long existed the closest friendship. Members for 
many years of the same Meeting, growing up in the same 
neighborhood, it was but natural that he should favorabl}" 
receive the proposal of his friend Israel Morris to join 
him in what even then promised to become a highl}' lucra- 
tive business. In the year 1836 was formed the firm of 
Morris & Jones, buyers, sellers and importers of iron and 
steel. This association continued unchanged for nearly 
a quarter of a century — in the words of the surviving part- 
ner, with their relations in business to each other " perfect," 
while the close association served but to strengthen the 
friendship of their earlier years. Their place of business 
was at Market and Schuylkill Seventh Streets (the latter now 
called Sixteenth), then a remote, unpaved part of the town. 

At this date the manufacture of iron in the United States 
was almost unknown. Indeed, it was difficult to convince 
those who used iron that it could be made here. Such, how- 
ever, was not the opinion of this house. On the contrary, 
they did everything in their power to encourage its manu- 
facture, by personal aid and by promptness in receiving and 
placing it favorably on the market. " It was uphill work at 
first," says the surviving partner ; " there was everything to 
learn and there was much prejudice to overcome." Happily 
all this was surmounted, and these pioneers in the good 
work lived to see the complete success of the undertaking. 
At this time there is but little iron brought into the States, 
and it is generally acknowledged that iron made here is better 
and stronger than that formerly imported. 

Success in this and other departments of their business 
brought its ample remuneration, and in the year 18G0 Jacob 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 505 

P. Jones retired from active participation in a business to 
which for nearly twenty-five years he had devoted himself 
with industry and zeal. This retiring from business, how- 
ever, did not mean a life of idleness ; on the contrary, it was 
used as affording the opportunity for larger engagements in 
public and in benevolent work. 

For nearly forty years Jacob P. Jones was a Director in 
the Bank of North America; for more than twenty-five years 
in the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Company for 
Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities; for many years 
in those of the Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, and 
the Western Saving Fund, besides being actively engaged 
in numerous iron, railway, coal, gas and other companies. 

In charitable work he was now especially active. The 
Young Men's Institute, of Philadelphia, with its subordinate 
branches, was to him especially interesting. At the time it 
was established, about the year 1850, there existed in Phila- 
delphia, especially in its suburban districts, clubs of lawless 
young men, whose evenings were spent in disorder, often 
ending in crime. It occurred to William Welsh, Bishop 
Potter, John Farnum, and other good citizens, that if there 
were established in different parts of the city and districts 
free night-schools and free reading-rooms, furnished with 
interesting literature, and if entertaining lectures were 
given, to which these young men might be attracted, much 
of the lawless assembling might be done away with, and 
these young men themselves, under new and better in- 
fluences, might become reputable and even useful citizens. 

The experiment, if not in every way a success, proved 
eminently useful. The corporation known as the Young 
Men's Institute of Philadelphia was the main body from 
which proceeded various branches in different parts of the 



506 HISTOKY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

city — in Moyamensing, South wark, Spring Garden, The 
Northern Liberties, and West Philadelphia. These various 
branches were independent of each other, were thoroughly 
unsectarian and non-partisan in their character, but were 
all more or less helped by the association known as the 
Young Men's Institute — the head centre, -if we may change 
the figure, of them all. Perhaps one of the best known of 
these branches is the City Institute, though the Spring 
Garden, the West Philadelphia, and some others, are all in 
active operation. The former of these, now situated at 
Chestnut and Eighteenth Streets, has for years had an 
absolutely free library, whose shelves now contain more 
than 13,000 volumes. During the past year there have 
been 60,700 readers registered, while nearly 42,000 books 
have, from time to time, been loaned during the year 1890. 
In this good work Jacob P. Jones and his friend Israel 
Morris were for years active participants. Among their 
interested co-workers was the late Judge William D. Kelley, 
long one of Philadelphia's most distinguished representa- 
tives in the National Legislature. 

For many years a Manager of Preston Retreat, a lying-in 
charity founded by the will of the late Dr. Preston, an uncle 
of his wife, Jacob P. Jones was for more than twenty years 
one of the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital. 
In this venerable institution and in its younger department 
— the Hospital for the Insane — he was deeply interested. 
Between him and the late Dr. Kirkbride there existed a 
warm personal friendship, and in the annual reports of the 
latter for many successive years may be found acknowledg- 
ments of gifts from his generous hands. 

Jacob P. Jones married, 7th month 15th, 1840, Mary, 
daughter of Richard and Sarah Thomas, of Chester Valley, 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 507 

Pa. Two children were born to them, Richard T. and 
Martha Jones. Richard T. Jones, the son, was a youth of 
much gentleness of character, with a bright, winning face 
and a mind well cultivated. He was educated at Haver- 
ford College, to which place he was warmly attached and 
where he was a personal favorite. The fact that his son 
was for four years a resident at the college often brought 
Jacob P. Jones to it, and made him acquainted intimately 
with its workings, its capacities for usefulness and its needs. 
A warm feeling of gratitude for the care and training of his 
only son was even then developed, and the writer of this 
memoir has heard him express his grateful appreciation of 
the uniform kindness and personal interest in his son, of 
the President of the College, Thomas Chase. This feeling 
of gratitude deepened still more when that only son was by 
death taken from him, and there is no doubt that it had 
much to do in determining events to which we shall here- 
after refer. 

Richard T. Jones graduated at Haverford in the class of 
1863. Of agreeable manners, he became popular in a large 
social circle, and his parents naturally looked forward with 
pleasure, if not with pride, to the bright future which 
seemed to await him. 

In the year 1866 Jacob P. Jones and his wife, with their 
two children, in company with Israel Morris and wife and 
■other friends, made an extensive tour on the continent of 
Europe, going so far south as Rome, and remaining abroad 
for six months. This was the first long vacation Jacob P. 
Jones had ever taken, and was greatly enjoyed by him. 
Happy in the companionship of his wife and children, 
happy with congenial friends, the visit was always remem- 
bered with pleasure, even after the sad events had occurred 
which made his home a childless one. 



508 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Richard T. Jones entered the counting-house of Morris & 
Jones and threw himself zealously into his work. But his 
health, never very robust, began to fail, and he was obliged 
to relinquish for a time, at least, his work. In the year 
1868 (4th month, 29th), he married Marie Louise, daughter 
of Joseph T. and Marie Louise Bailey, of Philadelphia, and 
the young couple embarked for England on their wedding 
tour. The hopes entertained of benefit from travel were 
not fulfilled, and the sad duty devolved on Jacob P. Jones 
and his wife to bring home from Geneva, where they had 
gone to the young couple, their dying son. Richard T. 
Jones lived to reach his home, but died 6th month 6th, 
1869, within a fortnight of his arrival. Great as was this 
sorrow, other bereavements awaited the stricken parents. 
Their only surviving child soon showed symptoms of illness, 
and on the 11th of 5th month, 1871, she too fell a victim to 
pulmonary disease. His young daughter-in-law, to whom 
Jacob P. Jones was tenderly attached, died a few years later, 
and at middle life, or soon after, he and his faithful wife 
were left childless. His only sister, a woman of much 
grace and mental culture, had died in early womanhood, 
and there remained in his desolate home only himself and 
his sorrowing wife. The agony of the patriarch, whose cry 
has come down to us through the ages, was theirs : " If I 
be bereaved of my children I am bereaved." 

It was indeed an almost crushing blow. Only his most 
intimate friends, who knew the affectionate pride with 
which he regarded his. son, and the tender, loving sympathy 
between him and his daughter, could at all measure the 
loneliness of heart wdiich came with their death. Happily, 
in this great sorrow, he could turn to the Comforter; and 
he did so — and found, as other wounded hearts have found, 




JACOB F". JONES. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 509 

the healing there. And then out of that sorrow came the joy 
of broader sympatliies and of deeper interests in his fellow- 
men. Perhaps, less active in public business, he was the 
more interested in his benevolent work ; and this showed 
itself, not only in larger charities, but also in little acts of 
delicate thoughtfulness for others. Christmas Day, which 
had been so bright at his own hearth, over which the shadow 
of past memories now sadly rested, was, by his generous 
care, made a happy one for the afflicted in the hospital and 
for the poor in his home. 

A chastened tenderness of heart gave him a gentleness of 
m^anner, which won the love of all with whom he was asso- 
ciated, and bore for him its rich fruit of gratitude and 
affection. And this gratitude and affection continued to the 
end of his days, so that loving friends watched over the 
sick-bed of this childless man, and soothed his dying hours, 
with all the care and tenderness of filial devotion. 

Though seemingly in good health, and looking many 
years younger than he really was, Jacob P. Jones had long 
suffered from valvular disease of the heart — a condition 
which greatly complicated an attack of pneumonia, which 
ended his life, 5th month 20th, 1885, in his eightieth year. 
He was taken ill 5th month 10th, and from the first his 
sickness was regarded as a serious one by his physician and 
by himself. 

" I do not fear death," said he to a relative, early in his 
illness ; " I have tried to do justly, to love mercy, and to 
walk humbly; and my trust is in my Saviour." And, with 
this child-like trust, he passed into the presence of Him 
whom, not having seen, he had yet long loved. 

Jacob P. Jones' attachment to Haverford was well known ; 
already he had given $10,000 toward the building of Bar- 



510 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

clay Hall, and, for some years, had contributed large sums 
annually to her support. Few of his friends, however, 
were prepared for the munificent provision made in his will 
for our college. After numerous legacies to personal friends 
and relatives, and generous bequests to public institutions,^ 
and a legacy of five thousand dollars to establish a scholar- 
ship in memory of his son, his will devises, on the death of 
his wife, the residue of his estate to the corporation of 
Haverford College, their successors and assigns, in these 
words : " Having full faith in the tenets of the Christian 
religion, and entertaining great confidence in the wholesome 
influence exercised over those who, in their youth, are 
under the training, care, teaching and example of instructors 
professing the faith and observing the discipline of the 
religious Society of Orthodox Friends, it is my desire and 
request that the above-named corporation shall retain and 
keep invested the capital of the funds and estate which 
shall come to them under the residuary provisions of this 
my will as a permanent endowment fund, and spend and 
appropriate the income only thereof in carrying out the 
work and objects of their incorporation. 

"And, so far as they may be enabled out of the said in- 
come to admit a portion at least of their students or scholars, 
either free of charge or at reduced rates, I desire that to be 
done, giving the preference for those who shall be so ad- 



^ Among these public bequests were : 

To the Merchants' Fund of Philadelphia . . . $15,000 

To Old Men's Home of Philadelphia .... 10,000 

To the Pennsylvania Hospital 10,000 

To the Foster Home 10,000 

To Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People 10,000 

To Female Society for Relief of Poor .... 5,000 

To Howard Association 5,000 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 511 

mitted free or at reduced rates, first to the sons of Orthodox 
Friends, and extending it afterward beyond that class to 
others, if the said income be found sufficient and enough 
of such first-named class shall not present themselves to 
absorb it. 

" In expressing the above wishes I am not to be understood 
as desiring that the institution shall ever adopt rules which 
shall exclude children of parents who are not members of 
the Society of Orthodox Friends from the benefits of their 
institution. On the contrary, my own views are that the 
true way to demonstrate the advantages of instruction by 
Friends is not to adopt the policy of excluding the children 
of others, as, I fear, has been too much the case in times past. 
Therefore, so far as my injunction can avail, I trust they 
will always freely invite such others to the benefits of the 
institution ; and I believe the corporation itself will best 
prosper and carry out its work by opening its doors freely 
to all reputable and deserving youth, to whatever religious 
instruction they may have been subject before being received. 

" Neither am I to be understood as imposing any injunction 
for the application of any further or greater portion of said 
income toward the furnishing of free or reduced-rate instruc- 
tion, than what there shall be left for application in that 
manner after the reasonable expenses of the institution shall 
have been provided for from such income and the other 
resources of the corporation. 

" But my hope is that, under the blessing and favor of 
God, there will come from this source a revenue which shall 
be productive of growth and vigor in the institution, as 
well as help, at this critical period of their lives, to many 
deserving young men of slender patrimony." 



I 



512 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



As has already been noted, the township of Haverford 
was first opened to the settlement of Friends by Henry 
Lewis, of Pembroke, Wales, one of the ancestors of Jacob P. 
Jones. Others of his family were among the first in Wales 
to accept the faith of Fox and Penn, and after much suffer- 
ing for conscience' sake at home, were willing to brave the 
perils of the sea and the hardships of a new world that here 
" the word of the Lord might have free course and be glori- 
fied." Two centuries later it Avas left for their descendant, 
with like convictions of duty, to strengthen the foundations 
and open wider than ever before the doors of Haverford Col- 
lege — an institution of learning, whose object, in the words 
of its founders, is, " while giving a course of instruction as 
extensive and as complete as any literary institution in the 
country, to imbue the minds of its pupils with the principles of 
the Christian religion as always maintained by Friends, that 
they may be prepared, under the Divine blessing, to become 
religious men and useful citizens." Surely the seed planted 
by Fox, in his memorable visit to Wales, watered by faith- 
ful husbandmen, has not failed of the Divine increase. 

The graduating class this year numbered twenty mem- 
bers — the largest number so far sent out at one time. In 
his baccalaureate address President Chase spoke especially 
of the i^osition of Haverford among colleges and the quality 
of the training it imparts, dwelling on the graces and vir- 
tues of Richard T. Jones, of the class of '63, in whose name 
a scholarship had recently been established, and of the 
high character of bis father, Jacob P. Jones. After the 
regular exercises of the morning, James Wood presented to 
the college an oil portrait of President Chase, painted by 
J. H. Lazarus, of New York. This sift was made on be- 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 513 

half of a number of students under President Chase, in the 
earlier days of his connection with the college, and was 
prompted by an affectionate interest in Haverford and a 
desire to give some expression to their regard for its official 
head. 

One of those pleasant intermissions in routine life, which 
are so frequent at Haverford, occurred 6th month 11th, 
when the Senior Class tendered a farewell supper to Professor 
Allen C. Thomas, who was about starting on a year's leave 
of absence abroad. This event was not without significance, 
as showing more harmonious relations between the Faculty 
and students. There was a time when such a tribute would 
not have been paid to any member of the Faculty. 

It is interesting to note that the raising of the cost of 
board and tuition from $425 to $500, which went into effect 
at the beginning of the next college year, while it materially 
increased the revenue, so far as is known, did not deter a 
single student from entering. The management took this 
step after mature deliberation, and considered the advance 
justified by comparison with the charges and expenses at 
colleges offering equal advantages, and necessary to furnish 
the means for maintaining the present equipment of the 
college. 

The students, on their return this autumn, found Professor 
Davenport in the chair of History and Literature, during the 
absence of Professor Thomas. Professor Gifford, after two 
years of study at the Universities of Berlin, Bonn and 
Munich, now returned to his classes with increased stores of 
classical knowledge. The Freshman Class mustered thirty- 
one members — the largest that ever entered Haverford — 
and with the other classes holding their own in numbers, 
the increase in good feeling among the students, and various 
33 



514 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

improvements in outward things, gave promise of a success- 
ful year. These " improvements" comprised a complete new 
system of drainage, extending to both the large halls, fire- 
escapes on Barclay Hall, and a new boiler and engine in the 
work-shop — small matters in themselves, but not without 
influence on the internal life of the college. 

The opening exercises of Rryn Mawr College were held 
on 9th month 23d, 1885. Haverford's "twin star" had 
begun to twinkle. For long years astronomers had pre- 
dicted its appearance, and its disturbing influence had been 
noticed among the heavenly bodies. The ceremonies were 
largely attended, the presence of James Russell Lowell 
being a peculiar attraction. In his witty, off-hand address, 
he alluded to a visit he had paid to Haverford College in 
1845, saying : " I was much impressed by a neglected hot- 
house into which I went, and in which I found a quantity 
of exquisite tea roses. It was like breaking into the palace 
of a sleeping beauty — it was the one outlet allowed by the 
Quakers for their sense of the beautiful. I am very glad 
there is a more cordial feeling between the Society and 
color than there was in those days ; yet, drab, I believe, from 
the generous treatment I received, to be the warmest color, 
and if this w^ere not a Quaker college I would not have come 
here." He spoke of the simplicity and w^orth of the Quakers, 
as he insisted he should call them, and told humorously of 
having attended a Quaker meeting, where " every one sat 
silent and looked w^ise, and those who had nothing to say 
made a profound secret of it." 

Early in the autumn Archdeacon F. W. Farrar visited 
the college, and, after looking over the grounds and build- 
ings, met the students in Alumni Hall, and spoke of the 
responsibilities of young men, and especially American 
young men, as trustees of posterity. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 515 

As is recorded in a previous chapter, a Young Men's 
Christian Association was formed at the college six years 
before. Since that time the organization had gone on, 
holding regular meetings and doing some outside work, 
never making any great stir, but always exerting an in- 
fluence for good, and, without doubt, sending out its mem- 
bers from the college better prepared to fight the battles of 
life — stronger and more faithful Christians — from the bene- 
fits received under its auspices. A movement, started some 
time before, to secure a building or separate apartments for 
the use of the association, resulted in the room under the 
parlor in Founders' Hall being given by the college for 
this purpose. After being suitably furnished it Avas 
"opened" with suitable exercises, and has since remained 
in use for all in the college who are willing to observe the 
few necessary restrictions. 

With the beginning of the second half-year the plan was 
tried of dining at 6 o'clock instead of at noon, as had long 
been the custom. Originally intended as an experiment 
the change met with such universal approbation that it has 
been ever since in vogue ; and the undergraduate of to-day 
wonders how his father ever mastered the mysteries of the 
Aorist, or got around a nodal circular cubic, immediately 
after a dinner of stuff'ed veal and an apple-pie dessert. 

Another regulation, which was found to work very satis- 
factorily, was the making of gymnasium exercises compul- 
sory for the Freshmen and Sophomores. This work was 
required for one hour, twice a week, between 4 and 6 
o'clock. When coasting and skating were good, many 
groans arose from the devotees of these sports. The new 
plan kept up the interest in athletic pursuits and had 
a beneficial result upon the health of those students who 
were inclined to neglect their physical development. 



516 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

On Washington's Birthday the Faculty gave the usual 
half-holiday in the afternoon. An eloquent address was 
delivered b}^ Hampton L. Carson, of the Philadelphia bar, 
in which he traced the history of popular government and 
the growth of the principles of political freedom, which 
resulted in the struggle of 1776 and the foundation of our 
Republic. 

As the year drew toward a close, President Thomas Chase, 
owing to failing health, after thirty-one years of continuous 
service, was obliged to request a leave of absence for travel 
abroad. This was granted, and Professor Pliny E. Chase 
was appointed acting President during the interval. In 
the 11th month following, however, Thomas Chase for- 
warded to the Board his resignation. Feeling that his 
physical condition was run down by too long continuous 
application to his duties as President and Professor, he was 
disinclined to undertake again the strain of the situation. 
Called to Haverford in 1855, he succeeded to the presi- 
dency just twenty years later. During all this time, and 
up to the point when his connection with it was actually 
severed, he gave the college the ver}^ best of his ripe 
scholarship. In accepting his resignation the Board of 
Managers gratefully acknowledged " that the present reputa- 
tion of Haverford as a nursery of sound learning, and its 
promise of greater usefulness in the future, are largely due 
to the labors and influence of Thomas Chase." 

President Chase, having been asked for the materials for 
a brief memoir, has furnished the subjoined sketch, which 
is so finished and satisfactory that, with his permission, we 
transcribe it on our pages in his own language, having 
adverted elsewhere to some incidents not referred to by 
him, and alluded to his ancestry in the memoir of his 
equally distinguished brother. 



BEGINNING OP SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 517 

" I was born and brought up in ' the heart of Massachu- 
setts,' in what was then the pretty rural town of Worcester. 
My education was gained in greater part at the excellent 
public schools, in which ' object-lessons ' and the methods 
of Pestalozzi had already been introduced. My school- days 
began before I was three years old, and I was studying Latin 
when I was nine, and Greek a year later. The first Latin 
text-book at that time was Adams's Latin Grammar, which 
Ruskin, who was brought up on it, declares so vastly superior 
to any of its successors. 

" There was not much talk about ' methods ' of teaching 
the classics, but we read a great deal — much more than is 
read now by students preparing for college — and somehow 
we became really familiar with the languages. We heard 
nothing about ' reading at sight ' — (the master would have 
been more likely to say, ad aperturam libri) — but he was a 
dull boy who could not come off fairly well, if from any real 
or supposed necessity he found himself in his class in Xeno- 
phon or Cicero without having looked at his lesson. 

" We recited once a day in each language, and sometimes 
more frequently. English was not neglected, especially 
English composition. We studied the elements of physics, 
as well as mathematics, ancient and modern history, and 
also some general subjects not required for college. I read 
the Greek Testament through — my class at Harvard being 
the last one in which that book was required of candidates 
for admission. We used an excellent text-book in French, 
in which there were reading lessons from the earliest period 
of the literature to the age of Louis XIV, giving a historical 
view of the language, which I afterward found very useful. 

" In my last two years at school the German methods 
had come in largely alongside of the traditional methods 



518 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of the great English schools, and the new philolog}^ with its 
minute and strenuous analysis, had been fully introduced. 
The English methods favored long lessons for translation 
and much practice in composition, and dwelt upon the 
beauties of the literature and the history, mythology and 
antiquities ; the German took a wider view of the history 
and structure of the ancient languages, treated of the syntax 
metaphysically, with great acumen, and called in the aid of 
comparative philology, particularly in etymologies. The 
union of the two in right proportion, with the free handling 
and spontaneity which have marked the great teachers in 
every age, is the best method of classical instruction. 

" The venerable President of Harvard University, Josiah 
Quincy, took my testimonials, as I presented myself for ex- 
amination at University Hall at o'clock in the morning. 
The examination occupied two days, and was strict and 
thorough. Besides oral examination in the books we had 
read, we wrote translations of four long passages from 
authors we had never seen, in prose and verse, Greek and 
Latin, as well as exercises in writing both languages. I 
believe that at no period in the educational history of this 
country have Harvard and the great schools that send up 
to her been more thorough in their work. 

" My college days corresponded nearly with the presidential 
term of Edward Everett. His ripe and varied scholarship, 
exquisite refinement, and captivating eloquence, were potent 
forces in moulding the minds and manners of the students. 
With the self-sacrifice characteristic of the noblest souls, he 
laid upon himself the lowliest duties, taking in his own 
hands the pettiest details of the discipline — a discipline 
then strict and minute. While chiding the students one 
day in chapel for certain disorders, he said, ' The attention 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 519 

which I must give to these things has forced me, for the first 
time in many years, to give up my daily reading in the 
Greek Tragedians.' He took care that his successors should 
not be burdened by such drudgery, securing, just before he 
left his office, the appointment of a regent and class tutors 
to relieve the President from all these petty cares. 

" I was a hard and not unsuccessful student, enjoying 
more than words can tell the instructions of great men and 
accomplished scholars, among them Dr. Walker in meta- 
physics and forensics; Channing in English composition, 
rhetoric and logic; Beck in Latin; Felton in Greek; Long- 
fellow in Dante; Agassiz in zoology and geology; Count de 
Laporte in French; Rolker in German; Peirce in mathe- 
matics; Lovering in physics; Gray in botany; Horsford in 
chemistry; Sparks in American history, and Torrey in 
general history and declamation. 

"In 1850 Dr. Beck resigned the professorship of Latin, 
and at his suggestion I was appointed to hold his chair for 
a year, until the return from Germany of Professor Lane, who 
had been promised the succession. I heard all the recita- 
tions and examined the compositions in Latin in the three 
upper classes. After this year I remained a year and a 
half longer — for one year as instructor in history, occupying 
the chair which had been held by President Sparks (and 
also teaching the Freshmen in chemistry for one term, 
during the absence in Europe of my classmate. Professor 
Cooke), and afterward as tutor in Latin. 

"Early in 1853 I started on a long-desired tour to Europe, 
for purposes of travel and study, which occupied two years 
and a half. I visited with great delight the classic scenes 
and monuments of Italy and Greece, and afterward was 
matriculated and studied for nearly a year in the University 



520 HISTORY OF HAVEEFORD COLLEGE. 

of Berlin, where I took courses with Bockh, Trendelenberg, 
and Curtius, and attended lectures of some others of the 
great men who adorned the University. 

"Through one term I attended lectures at Paris, at the 
College de France and the Sorbonne. Through the courtesy 
of the professors I heard lectures also at the University of 
Athens and a number of the universities in Germany and 
Italy; while at Oxford I was received with great kindness, 
as well as at Cambridge, where, however, I could make only 
a short visit. My connection with Harvard and my letters 
of introduction procured me admission at these seats of 
learning, and I studied with great interest their methods of 
instruction and all their arrangements. 

" When I returned to America, in the late summer of 
1855, my friends at Harvard held out offers of future ap- 
pointment, and recommended my taking private pupils in 
Cambridge until the proper vacancy should occur. But 
I was impatient to be at some regular work after my long 
holiday, and receiving just at this time an offer, through 
Thomas Kimber, of the classical teachership at Haverford, 
I consented to go and view the ground. The kindness with 
which I was received by the Managers and friends of the 
college, the beauty of the place, and, above all, the interest 
attaching to the experiment of providing for the highest 
culture in the Society of Friends, induced me to accept the 
appointment, and at the opening of the school year, in the 
lOtli month, 1855, 1 entered upon my work. I took the place 
with the express understanding that I was at liberty to leave 
at the end of the year. When that time came, my interest 
in the college became so great that I renewed my engage- 
ment; and in after-years similar considerations prevailed 
against many inducements which called me elsewhere. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 521 

"Struck at the outset, both by the great needs of the col- 
lege and its great capabilities, I was ready to lend all the 
help I could to supply the one and develop the other, un- 
grudgingly giving man}^ additional hours of labor, in order 
to provide instruction in many new studies. The able and 
faithful men with whom I was associated showed the same 
spirit, and the students heartily seconded our efforts. Long 
lessons were cheerfully learned, so that when, on behalf of 
the Faculty, I presented Haverford's first baccalaureates to 
the Managers for their degree, I could honestly say, 'quos 
scio esse idoneosJ 

"Throughout ray life at Haverford, both by suggestion 
and personal labor, I strove to aid and initiate such meas- 
ures as would enlarge, widen and liberalize the courses of 
study and increase the usefulness of the college as a place 
of generous culture. I endeavored to introduce every im- 
provement of which our circumstances would admit, and to 
keep fully abreast (where we were not already in advance) 
of the times. Nor was I less desirous that the noble aim 
of the Founders, to make the place a nursery of true Chris- 
tian character, should always be foremost in our thoughts. 
I strove to excite the interest and enthusiasm of the stu- 
dents, to make the great words of the men of old sound as 
on living tongues, to impress upon the mind the great essen- 
tial facts and principles in which minor details are en- 
wrapped, to bring out the philosophy of the syntax and the 
real significance of the forms, to make the students ambi- 
tious of mastery of their subject, and to use the study of 
classical literature as an effective means of general culture. 
It was always my aim to increase the beauty and attractive- 
ness of the place, to make the most of its historical associa- 
tions, to heighten its charms by tasteful and appropriate 



522 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

architecture, pictures, inscriptions, museums and apparatus, 
and to call forth and quicken in the minds of the students 
an ardent love for their good and beautiful college." 

President Chase's chief publications have been an edition 
of Cicero's " First Tusculan Disputation" and other writings 
on the " Immortality of the Soul ;" school and college editions 
of Virgil, Horace, Livy and Juvenal, and a Latin Grammar ; 
a narrative of a tour in Greece, entitled "Hellas: Her 
Monuments and Scenery ; " articles in the North American 
Review (particularly those on the " Homeric Question," 
"Wordsworth" and " Curtius's History of Greece"); ad- 
dresses on Goethe and Schiller, Abraham Lincoln, John G. 
Whittier and William Penn; and articles in Johnson's "En- 
cyclopaedia" on the chief manuscrij)ts of the New Testa- 
ment. He has also been the author of various addresses at 
educational and Bible-school conferences, and contribu- 
tions to the Friends' Review, The Student, The Sunday School 
Times, etc. 

About this time the Warner tract of land, bordering on 
the college lane leading to the turnpike, was offered for sale. 
The representatives of the Warner family, who had always 
been friendly to the college, gave the Managers timely 
notice. There was much danger that a change in owner- 
ship would result in the property being cut up into small 
lots for houses, which would back upon the college grounds. 
Therefore, a few members of the Board generously joined 
in purchasing the land. By an agreement, which secured a 
front on the college land, it is provided that the corporation 
may at any time become absolute owner of the property 
upon the payment of a fair price. Under this promise one 
lot has been bought by the corporation and two houses 
erected for the use of the Professors ; whilst the other im- 



BEGINNING OP SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 523 

provements upon the tract, comprising five handsome stone 
dwellings, have been put up at the expense of the syndicate 
who purchased the property. 

Upon an application made to the Court of Common Pleas 
of Delaware County, in the 6th month, 1886, amendments to 
the charter of the corporation of Haverford College were 
approved. The first of these removed the limitation as to 
the amount of the personal estate that might be held by 
the institution, and forever forbade the distribution of any 
of the estate of the corporation, whether real or personal, 
among its members. The other created the new office of 
President of the corporation. These amendments were 
duly accepted at the ensuing annual meeting, and Wistar 
Morris, the oldest member of the Board in continuous ser- 
vice, was elected to the position of President of the corpo- 
ration. 

The opening of the new year brought still more changes 
in the Faculty. Professor Thomas returned from abroad 
and resumed his duties as Librarian and Professor of His- 
tory and Political Science. Myron R. Sanford, A.M., a 
graduate of Wesleyan University, came in as Registrar and 
Professor of Latin. The new professorship of Biology was 
filled by J. Playfair McMurrich, Ph.D. and A.M., of To- 
ronto University, who received his doctorate at Johns Hop- 
kins University, where he had also acted as instructor for 
one year in osteology and mammalian anatomy. 

Although Professor Newlin had given instruction in Bi- 
ology and acted as Curator of the Museum for the two pre- 
vious years, his duties as a disciplinary officer prevented full 
attention being given to the above departments. During 
his term of service the museum received from the U. S. 
National Museum an educational series of about 150 species 
of marine invertebrates. 



524 HISTORY OK HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The coming of Professor McMurrich gave a new impetus to 
the study of biology. Much credit is due him for the estab- 
lishment of a thorough course of laboratory work, and for 
fitting up the laboratory so that better results in demonstra- 
tion and original research could be obtained. This was 
accomplished by arranging tables before the north windows 
of the museum in the second story of Founders' Hall, and 
furnishing a new outfit of microscopes of high power, by 
which students could properly study the more complicated 
organisms. 

The most important addition to the Faculty, however, 
was the appointment of J. Rend el Harris as Professor of 
Biblical Languages and Ecclesiastical History. Born at 
Plymouth, England, in 1852, Professor Harris was a Fellow 
and Mathematical Lecturer for many years at Clare College, 
Cambridge, England, where he had taken the highest honors 
as a Wrangler. For two years he had been Professor of New 
Testament Greek at Johns Hopkins, and he had a wide 
reputation as one of the best authorities on this subject. 
The Managers' report to the corporation this year states 
that "This appointment has been made from a belief that 
facilities ought to be afforded at Haverford for such a study 
of the history of Christian doctrine as will lead to a better 
appreciation of the doctrines held by the Society of Friends." 
His books were nearly all, if not all, published after his 
connection with Haverford. 

At this time a change was made in the courses of study, 
by which both French and German were made optional 
with Greek for admission to the Freshmen Class for the 
degree of A.B., and with Latin for the degree of S.B. Levi 
T. Edwards, a graduate of the class of '81, this year took 
charge of the machine-shop and the instruction in engi- 
neering. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALI-'-CENTURY. 525 

Under fair prospects, and with the institution full in all 
its parts, the work of the new year began. Soon, however, 
these prospects were sadly marred by a severe loss. Pro- 
fessor Pliny E. Chase, the acting President, had been 
unable, for some time, to meet his classes regularly, owing 
to infirm health, and had, at times, found it necessary 
to hear some recitations at his home. It was not long 
before it became evident that the complication of diseases 
with which he was affected would prove too powerful for 
his failing strength. The anticipated event was not long 
delayed, and he died 12th month 17th, 188G. A man of 
rare mental qualities, of singular attainments, of a disposi- 
tion remarkably lovable and sympathetic, he was endeared 
to all who came in contact with him, winning peculiar affec- 
tion from his students, A graceful tribute to his memory 
appears in The Haverfordian, Vol. IX, No. 1, written from 
Rome, by his brother, Tliomas Chase, which appropriately 

■concludes: 

" Quif! desiderio sit pudor aut modus 
Tarn cari capitis f" 

The following sketch of his life is condensed from a 
memoir published by the American Philosophical Society : 

Pliny Earle Chase, the son of Anthony and Lydia Earle 
Chase, was born at Worcester, Mass., on the 8th of 8th 
month, 1820, and was of the eighth generation in descent 
from lialpli Earle, who " was on the island of Rhode Island 
in 1638, was one of the petitioners to the king for permission 
for the formation of a ' body politic' on that island, and was 
subsequently a member of their Legislative Assembly." 

Pliny's early education was received at the Worcester 
Latin School; he afterward attended the Friends' Boarding- 
•School at Providence, being there a pupil of Samuel J. 



526 HISTORY OP HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Gummere, and in 1835 entered Harvard, taking his Bache- 
lor's degree at that University in 1839, and that of A.M. in 
1844. The degree of LL.D. he received from Haverford 
College in 1876, in consideration of " his attainments and 
original researches in Mental and Physical Philosophy." 

Immediately upon taking his Bachelor's degree, he en- 
tered upon his career as a teacher, teaching first in the 
district schools of Leicester and Worcester, then as associate 
teacher in the Boarding-School at Providence; then, in 
1841-2, at Friends' Select School in Philadelphia, and, from 
1842 to 1844, conducting a private school in that city. 
About 1845 he published his first book, the " Elements of 
Arithmetic," followed, in 1848, by "The Common School 
Arithmetic," and in 1850, in connection with Horace Mann, 
he published "Mann and Chase's Arithmetic, Practically 
Applied." Ex-President Hill, of Harvard, says: "Chase's 
Arithmetic was the best I ever saw. The two books ' Chase ' 
and 'Chase and Mann,' as we called them, were worth all 
other arithmetics that I ever saw, put together." From 
1847 till 1866 he was engaged in manufacturing, but re- 
turned to his chosen profession, and conducted the School 
for Young Ladies, which had been established by Charles 
Dexter Cleveland, in Philadelphia. 

In 1871 his connection with Haverford College began, as 
Professor of Natural Sciences, and from 1875 till his death, 
in 1886, he occupied the chair of " Philosophy and Logic." 
As a college Professor he was clear and agreeable in his 
demonstrations, and won the affection and respect of his 
students ; as a disciplinarian he was mild to a fault — gov- 
erning purely by gentle suasion. He was a man of great 
learning, and read, with the help of dictionaries, and was 
more or less familiar with, one hundred and twenty-three 



/ 




F>LT>JY EAFeLE CHASE. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 527 

languages and dialects, claiming thorough acquaintance 
with thirty of them. Yet of over one hundred and fifty- 
papers contributed by him to the various learned societies, 
not more than one-tenth were philological, the remainder 
being mostly on meteorological, cosmical and physical sub- 
jects. He sought to demonstrate a cosmical evolution, and 
through proof of the " quantitative equivalence of the differ- 
ent forms of force which we call light, heat, electricity, 
chemical affinity and gravitation, " to establish a law, that 
" all physical phenomena are due to an omnipotent power, 
acting in ways which may be represented by harmonic or 
cyclical undulations in an elastic medium." 

An eminent scientific man writes of his later work : " It 
may prove prophetic of developments that will take us a 
long step below our present philosophy of things — or it may 
not. Time will show." Many of his most learned produc- 
tions were contributions to the American Philosophical 
Society, and the London, Edinburgh and Dublin Pldlosophical 
Magazine, and not in book form. 

He was elected a member of the Philosophical Society in 
1863, and became successively one of its Secretaries and 
Vice-President, receiving the Magellanic Premium in 1864 
for an essay on " The Numerical Relation between Gravity 
and Magnetism." He was also a member and manager of 
the Franklin Institute. Some of his rules for weather pre- 
diction were embodied by the United States Signal Service 
in its " Manual for Observers," and the observations of the 
bureau have indicated the importance of anti-cyclonic storm 
centres, to which he first called attention. 

With all his learning, Dr. Chase was an exceedingly 
modest man, and notwithstanding his daring theories of 
Cosmics, he retained throughout a quiet and unwavering 



52S HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

faith in the Bible record, and accepted the Christian theor}'' 
of salvation absolutely, and without qualification, as Divine. 
That which many scientists are led to doubt, seemed clear 
to him, and all facts were of necessity parts of one stupen- 
dous whole. He was a religious man, not only by intellec- 
tual conviction ; but the fruits of piety were manifest in his 
dail}^ life, especially toward its end, in an unaffected gen- 
tleness and sweetness of temper, a freedom from assumption, 
and a general submission of his actions to the Divine gov- 
ernment and guidance. 

There was an undoubted profundity in his thought, and 
few fathomed the depth of some of his discussions of the 
deeper problems of creation. Some went so far as to regard 
him as the greatest scientific character of his day ; but what- 
ever his title to rank among the highest on the rolls of 
science, none who knew his work could deny him a very 
eminent place, nor doubt that his contributions, if incom- 
plete and mystical, were highly suggestive, and links in the 
trains of thought with which generations of powerful minds 
are evolving some of the profoundest mysteries of the uni- 
verse. 

Following the resignation of Thomas Chase, the death of 
his brother left the college without an accredited head. 
After giving the matter very careful deliberation, and con- 
sidering a number of candidates proposed, the Board of 
Managers, in 4th month, 1887, unanimously elected Pro- 
fessor Isaac Sharpless to the responsible and important posi- 
tion of President of the college. 

The Board's report of this year says : " For several years, 
as Dean of the Faculty, he has had charge of the discipline 
and business management, and the ability he has shown in 
the administration of these important duties justifies the 



BEGINNING OP SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 529 

confidence felt by those best acquainted with the traditions 
and needs of Haverford that his election to the higher 
office will prove beneficial to the interests of the college." 
Commenting on this appointment, The Haverfordian sa3^s: 

" In the election of Isaac Sharpless as President of Haver- 
ford College, the Managers have done credit to themselves 
and to the college. Having the longest connection with 
the college of any of the present Faculty, thoroughly ac- 
quainted with its management in every particular, and a 
man of rare executive power, it would be difficult to find 
his superior. The marked prosperity of the last few years 
has been largely due to his superior business ability and 
keen foresight. The appointment is eminently fitting in 
all regards and meets the hearty endorsement of both 
Faculty and students." 

The following outline of President Sharpless' career is 
taken from a sketch furnished to The Haverfordian b}'' one 
of his associates in the Faculty : 

'■' Isaac Sharpless, Sc.D., the newly appointed President of 
Haverford College, was born 12th month 16th, 1848. He 
was educated at Friends' Boarding-School, Westtown, Pa., 
where he graduated in 1867, being subsequently employed 
for four years as teacher in the same institution. He was 
graduated at Harvard in 1873, taking the degree of S.B. at 
the Lawrence Scientific School. Two years later he was 
called to the chair of Mathematics at Haverford College, 
where he was made Professor of Astronomy in 1879. 
Through his efforts the efficiency of this department has 
greatly increased ; a larger and much finer telescope has 
been added, together with various other astronomical ap- 
pliances, thus giving Haverford one of the best-equipped 
college observatories in the country. 

34 



530 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

" Besides being a frequent contributor to various scientific 
and educational journals, Professor Sharpless is the author 
of a Geometry, and has also published, in connection with 
Professor Phillips, of the West Chester State Normal School, 
treatises upon Astronomy and Physics. 

" In recognition of his scientific researches the degree of 
Doctor of Science was conferred upon him by the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania in 1883. 

" In 1884 he was made Dean of Haverford College, with 
full executive and disciplinary powers. In this difficult 
position his just and generous dealing, and his constant 
efibrts to promote the usefulness of Haverford and to incite 
the students to manliness and self-government, have been 
met by an increase in the material prosperity of the institu- 
tion, while the ready co-operation of the students has 
rendered possible the abolition of many restrictions and 
the introduction of new methods of administration, calcu- 
lated to raise alike the moral and intellectual tone of the 
college. 

" Entering upon his new responsibilities, as he does, witli 
the sympathy of the Faculty and students and of those 
most interested in the management of the college, there 
can be no doubt that, under his wise direction, Haverford 
has entered upon an era of increased usefulness, and will 
still hold fast her noble aim — 

"To teach high thought and amiable words, 
And courtliness, and the desire of fame. 
And love of truth, and all that makes a man." 

Shortly after the appointment was announced, the stu- 
dents inaugurated the new President, after their own joyous 
fashion, by a serenade. The response of Professor Sharp- 
less and its reception showed the close feeling which already 
existed. 




PRESIDENT ISAAC SMARPLESS. 



F. SUTEKUNST I 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 531 

The formal inauguration exercises were held in Alumni 
Hall on the afternoon of 5th month 17th, 1887, at 4 o'clock. 
The chair was occupied by Wistar Morris, President of the 
corporation and of the Board, who opened the exercises 
with a few appropriate remarks, and then introduced 
Francis T. King, who delivered an address on the part of 
the Managers. This was followed by the inaugural of the 
new President. Carefully canvassing many of the leading 
aspects of college life and training, he mapped out the 
course which he desired should be pursued, and the changes 
which he hoped might be followed out to advantage. Prob- 
ably the following brief quotation will suffice to indicate 
the general trend of this admirable address ; 

"A Haverford degree must . . . stand for breadth 
of culture, scholarly spirit, disciplined powers, and such 
information as naturally comes from four years of collegiate 
work in somewhat varied fields. . . . . 

" We enter upon our work with great confidence in Haver- 
ford's resources and full sympathy with its objects. We 
are sure of the co-operation of a liberal and devoted corps 
of Managers, of a well-trained and harmonious Faculty, and 
a body of earnest students. We know that progress must 
be made. It is good neither for officers nor students to 
stand still, and yet we are not ambitious for great numbers. 
We would ■ prefer to make everything complete, to extend 
our facilities for first-class work, to fill our Faculty with* 
talented and sympathetic men, and to make the intellectual 
and moral tone of the place just what it ought to be." 

Remarks by Professor J. Rendel Harris, on behalf of the 
Faculty, and Dr. Clement L. Smith, Dean of Harvard, on 
behalf of the alumni, completed an occasion which all felt 
was the opening of a new era in Haverford's career. 



532 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

These important events in the official life of the college 
having claimed our attention, we must now turn back to 
notice some minor items in the internal life of the little 
commonwealth. The sentiment of the college at this time 
being adverse to even mild forms of hazing, the class of '90 
were tendered a reception, not in the gymnasium, as of 
yore, with a blanket as the only furniture, but in the room 
of the Young Men's Christian Association, where speeches 
were made by students and professors, and refreshments 
served. The Freshmen were watched during the year to 
see if this new and more kindly treatment had marred the 
comeliness of their deportment,. but as the question is one 
about which contemporary authorities differ, it does not 
appear wise for the present historian to express an opinion. 

A convention of school-masters of the leading fitting 
schools in the Middle States, meeting in Philadelphia, visited 
the college by invitation, 10th month 27th, 1886. After a 
dinner in Founders' Hall, they held a business session in 
Alumni Hall, and were entertained at afternoon tea at the 
residence of Professor Harris. The next day Canon Man- 
dell Creighton, of Cambridge University, England, lectured 
on " The Value of the Study of History," followed in due 
course of time by other distinguished lecturers, on a well- 
selected variety of subjects, in a series of fourteen lectures. 

Until this time, in the fifty-three years of Haverford's 
existence, during which about 1 ,100 young men had attended 
as students, no death had occurred among them at the col- 
lege. Now, however, the call came to Edward M. Pope, of 
Cleveland, Ohio, a member of the Junior Class, who died 
after a short illness. This young man had won a high place 
in the regard of his associates by the high quality of his 
scholarship and the strength and purity of his Christian 
character. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY, 



583 



The old questions concerning the literary societies, which 
always seem to come up for discussion about once in three 
or four years, were now fought over with redoubled vigor. 
One result of the agitation was the decision, on the part of 
the Loganian, that hereafter it would meet only once a 
month, instead of fortnightly, and that no meeting should 
be held after the spring vacation. The whole question was 




RESIDENCE OF PROFESSOR J. RENDEL HARRIS. 



settled on a different basis not long after, as we shall 
presently see. 

During the Presidential campaign, in 1884, many students 
had caps and gowns, but they soon after disappeared. The 
subject of adopting a distinctive dress was agitated in the 
spring of 1887, and it was decided by the students that a 
modified form of the Cambridge cap and gown should be 
used only on public occasions. This action was ratified 



534 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

during the following year. The wisdom of adopting any 
uniform is a point upon which there is room for consider- 
able diversity of sentiment, and later developments would 
indicate that this question had not even yet been definitely 
settled. 

Since the early days of the institution cremation of some 
unpoj)ular text-book had been a favorite diversion of the 
Sophomores. For long years the venerable " Paley" was 
the sufferer. In great simplicity his book was burned in 
the woods back of the gymnasium, with scant literary 
ceremonies, before an audience covered with sheets. Later 
" Wheeler" became the victim, and in more recent years 
«' Wentworth" had to bear the brunt of "winged words" 
and an ignominious death at the stake. Those who felt 
that collegiate life should partake largely of a frolic were 
somewhat disappointed at finding toward the close of the 
year that the class of '89 had very sensibly decided to 
abandon the ancient custom. From the old-fashioned per- 
formance in the woods, when the Sophomores, with no 
spectators but their fellow-students, made merry over their 
advanced position, the show had grown into but little short 
of a theatrical performance in front of Barclay Hall, for 
which invitations were issued, attracting a large audience, 
many of whom were of an undesirable character. These 
shows naturally excited oj^position among the friends of 
the college, and entailed a great expense upon many of the 
students. So the celebration died a natural death, over- 
weighted by its own exceeding great foolishness ; and the 
Sophomores justified their new name by seeking consolation 
in a class supper, and later in the year by celebrating for 
the first time " Sophomore Day," with exercises somewhat 
after the fashion of Junior Day, and a collation afterward. 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 535 

It would appear from the records that the interest in 
cricket was somewhat less this year than usual. This was 
partly attributed to the growing popularity of tennis. The 
first college tournament was held in the autumn of 1886, 
upon the grounds of the Merion Club, and thirteen tennis 
nets were reported to be set up over the lawn while the 
students were preparing for this event. 

The cricketing element was, however, greatly encouraged 
by the erection of a ball-shed, 12 x 85 feet, on the east side of 
the gymnasium building, for practice in bowling and batting. 
The students were indebted to the interest and energy of 
President Sharpless, who collected from interested friends 
the funds needed to defray the cost of this improvement, 
which has ever since been of great value to our players. 
Then, too, the long-talked-of "professional" appeared, not 
exactly as a new member of the Faculty, but a personage 
quite as important in the eyes of some. Fresh from Eng- 
land — the home of cricket — he was expected to show what our 
elevens could be made to do under regular coaching, by 
imparting a knowledge of correct methods, removing faults, 
and developing in a proper way the good amount of latent 
cricket talent sent up in each new class. 

A Haverford College Field Club was organized at this 
time, under the leadership of Professor McMurrich, for the 
purpose of making observations of the natural history of 
the vicinity. 

The record of this year should not be allowed to close 
without noting the death, in Philadelphia, on 3d month 3d, 
1887, of William Carvill, aged ninety years. He came to 
Haverford in 1835 and remained for ten years. To the 
boys of those days he was known as " the old English gar- 
dener," one deeply skilled in his occupation and of unfailing 



536 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

irascibility of temper. He claimed to have come to the 
institution the same day as Samuel J. Gummere did, and 
planted with his own hands most of the trees whose success- 
ful growth and tasteful arrangement delight the visitor of 
to-day. It has already been reported, and can hardl}'^ be 
doubted, that he first introduced cricket at Haverford, as at 
the age of eighty he could name the boys of '37 for whom 
he fashioned rude bats and wickets and taught the rudi- 
ments of the game. 



We shall end the present chapter with some reminiscences 
which have been handed to us by a member of the class of 
'89. They present the fun-loving side of college life, and 
we suspect the picture paints a lower moral tone than the 
real one, because one side only is painted. This is the 
view from the inside, and represents the students as a rol- 
licking set, without much respect for superiors, rules or 
proprieties, or reverence for sacred things ; but it purports 
to be a true picture, and, as faithful historians, we give it as 
an illustration of that phase of the life at Haverford. 

The reader will remember that the reminiscences cover but 
two years — the writer's Freshman and Sophomore years — 
1885-6 and 1886-7, and that he is now a respectable 
alumnus, who has aided the compilation of this history in 
more than one way. We can further testify that some of 
the most demure and serious Managers were wont, in their 
youth, to indulge heartily in similar pranks. 

Reminiscences — 1885-1887. 
When the college year of 1885-6 opened, Haverford still 
possessed some traces of the days when she had been the 
old Haverford School, while in other respects, marks of her 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 537 

rapid advance to the standard of the best colleges were to 
be seen and felt. 

The old " retiring rule " was then still in force, which 
necessitated the keeping in readiness of blankets and shawls 
to cover window and transom after the Professor had, in his 
inoffensive way, gently tapped on the door and bade " Good 
night ; " or, as his approach was heard, the lights would 
often go out, only to be re-lit when he was seen wending his 
way toward Founders' Hall ; and he was given many an extra 
trip back to the third floor of Barclay Hall, and none but 
the Freshmen of that year — who took especial pains that 
there should be no lack of disciplinar}^ work for him — could 
fully appreciate the relief he must have felt when the ob- 
noxious retiring rule was abolished early in the spring of 
1886. 

At this time only the exalted Senior was privileged to 
visit the neighboring city without special permission ; this 
it was not always easy to get, and this fact probably ac- 
counts for the truly marvellous number of cases for the 
dentist which occurred during this winter, and the number 
of students who were called to assist in marrying or bury- 
ing near relatives. Occasionally, the temptations of the 
city within ten miles of the college would be too much for 
some lower classman to withstand, and, accepting all risks, 
a trip to Philadelphia would be undertaken, often with 
many misgivings lest a stray Professor should be encoun- 
tered on the way. 

The smoking-car was generally chosen on these occasions 
as being the one in which there was the least likelihood of 
meeting any of the powers that be. Once, however, during 
the winter, such reasoning was found untenable, for on 
their return from one of these larks three Freshmen saw, to 



538 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

their liorror, President Chase enter the " smoker." He, 
seeing them, joined the party and remained with them till 
they had left him at his house; and for da3"s there was 
speculation as to whether suspension or only demerits were 
to be the sequel to this trip. However, the President must 
have been glad of company on that dark walk along the 
Serpentine, and so have been lenient, for, much to the relief 
of those three Freshmen, the sequel never came. 

The " Nursery," on the third floor of Founders' Hall, was 
always regarded by the undergraduate with a sort of dread, 
for its isolation was oppressive, and the thought of a possible 
stay within its lonely w^alls was often enough materially to 
aid in the cure of various slight maladies. More than once 
during this winter, however, it had an occupant; and when 
a case of roseola was here removed from the proximity of 
classmates, whenever a favorable opportunity presented 
itself, notwithstanding direct injunctions to the contrary, 
a stealthy trip would be made to the " Nursery," and the 
wants of the sufferer, which were not included in tlie 
matron's category, were supplied by classmates, who knew 
that the resources of the "Nursery" did not cover every 
need of an imprisoned Freshman. 

The wants of the college student are many, and, at this 
time, " Snob's" was the place where the majority of the 
undergraduates' needs were filled. That " Snob" was not 
the baptismal name of the proprietor was evident when a 
Freshman, at the instigation of some Sophomore, would so 
address the storekeeper ; but by this name alone was he 
known to us, and here many a box of " Richmond Straights" 
was bought and an occasional draught of cider consumed. 
Other articles, bought to repair the damage done to 
clothes or person in a football game or corner fight, and 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 539 

many little wants besides, were here supplied. In the past 
few years Philadelphia has grown much easier of access, 
and the stores of Ardmore and Bryn Mawr have greatly 
increased in number, and although " Snob " still carries 
the same stock-in-trade as of yore, he is no longer the im- 
portant factor in college life he was forty years ago, and ere 
long his very name seems likely to be forgotten. 

During the Fall of '85 the practice of kicking the football 
across the circle in front of Founders' Hall was most gener- 
ally engaged in, and, after the recitations were finished at 
noon, nearly every man in the college was to be found on one 
side or the other of the circle, doing his best to get possession 
of the ball and to show his proficiency in kicking it. To 
this practice, which, unfortunately, lives at present in little 
more than memory, may be attributed the greater skill with 
which the Haverfordians of that day handled the leather 
sphere. 

This winter was the last in which Professor Pliny E. Chase 
was able to perform the active duties of his chair, and 
when the Freshman Class were introduced to him and his 
meteorological text-book, they felt hardly more reverence 
for the man, whom they now feel it was indeed an honor to 
have been privileged to listen to, than they did for — well, 
the gentleman in charge of the discipline. So when the 
elements of meteorology had been mastered (?) and profi- 
ciency enough had been obtained to go in for practical 
work, we were instructed in the " Chase system of weather 
forecasts," which were to be made by us from the cupola of 
Barclay Hall (the popular resort of the undergraduate 
smoker), twice daily, and a record kept of the number of 
times our predictions were verified or failed, and at the 
end of each week the results were to be submitted to the 
Professor. 



540 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The predictions (?) were duly made and the reports sub- 
mitted to the Professor, and so highly successful did they 
turn out that at the end of the course Professor Chase told 
us that our predictions, according to his method, had been 
far more successful than those of the Weather Bureau at 
Washington, to whom he had sent a statement of the re- 
sult of our work. Being Freshmen, a good portion of the 
class had not been over-scrupulous in the work, and Pro- 
fessor Chase was never enlightened as to the fact that many 
of the predictions had been made at the close of the period 
to be predicted for, by which method they had naturally 
been generally successful. 

The visits of the committee of the Board of Managers 
to the recitation-rooms are occasions very disturbing to 
the Freshman whose self-confidence has not yet reached 
high- water mark, and to the tail-enders of the other classes. 
To the rest of the students, however, they afford food for 
much reflection. First, as regards the Professor in charge. 
One Professor, it is known by experience, will call upon only 
the best men in the class, and so make a fine showing of the 
fruits of his instruction. With him the lower half always 
pray they may be found when the visiting Manager appears. 
A second Professor, not feeling justified in such a course, 
confines himself to the men who may be said to represent, 
to his mind, a fair average of the abilities of the class — men, 
however, who never remark, in answer to their names, " Not 
prepared." A third Professor is known, by sad experience, to 
feel it his duty to call upon his poorest scholars before he can 
feel justified in showing the better stufii" in the class ; and, oh, 
how the man, who has run the chances of not being called 
upon, quakes when he finds himself face to face with his 
instructor and the two august and solemn Managers, for he 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 541 

well knows his time has come! And if the question, once 
put by one Professor to another after an examination, should 
be asked after this recitation, " How many men hast thou 
slain to-day?" he knows full well his name will appear 
among the list of victims. 

Although there were many rules and restrictions in force 
during this year, which have since been abolished, there 
was certainly a good deal of freedom of speech and thought 
allowed ; for we find in the exchange column of The Haver- 
fordian, of January, 1886, the statement that " the Christmas 
number of Town Topics, the popular New York society jour- 
nal, is especially bright and interesting; " and again, " Town 
Topics, a journal of New York society, has been a frequent 
visitor of late." And this from an editor of The Haverfordian, 
then the official organ of the august Loganian, and the 
paper of a Quaker college ! 

This year saw the opening of our " twin star," Bryn 
Mawr College, or as it has been called by one of our Phila- 
delphia dailies, " The Girls' Annex of Haverford College." 
After the opening exercises there was a collation, to which 
cards of admission were required, and when a certain Hav- 
erford Junior was asked if he was going to it, he replied, 
" Well, I'd like to hear it, but really I can't go." If he was 
unable to go, curiously enough, many of the Haverford 
men were to be seen doing ample justice to the collation, 
although it was known that but few of them had possessed 
the desired cardboards : another proof that the way of the 
undergraduate is a marvellous one and beyond explanation. 

Not long after the opening of Bryn Mawr an astronomi- 
cally inclined Junior made a discovery, and we all felt that 
we had not been reading mere fiction in our Ciceros ; for on 
hearing the bells of the "twin stars" ringing in unison, he 
advanced the theory that it was the "music of the Spheres." 



542 HISTOEY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 









DENBIGH HALL, BRYN MAWR COLLEGE. 

One Professor, who at the end of this year was granted 
the degree of S.B. examinationis causa, had charge of the 
Freshmen course in Zoology, Physiology, Hygiene and 
Botany, which was successfull}^ if not too deeply, gone 
through during this winter on the slim allowance of two 
hours a week. These were classes in which remarkable 
episodes took place, and statements were made which might 
almost have forced the ghost of some departed scientist to 
rise from his grave and protest. 

It was a fact — curious, but true^that when a student 
asked any question not covered by a paragraph in the text- 
book, the Professor would refer it to some other member of 
the class, and if this member could not give a satisfactory 
explanation, the Professor would tell us that we could think 
the matter over till the next recitation, and if nobody then 
knew the answer he would explain it himself. It was by 
one of this class that the general statement was made that 
the ''human stomach contains four gallons;" some of those 
■who have witnessed the gastronomic accomplishments of 
the man who made it can easily understand his mistake. 
When the course in Botan}'^ came to an end, and the grades 
were announced, the man who had honestly analyzed thirty- 



BEGINNING OP SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 543 

nine varieties of flowers and by mistake had omitted a 
fortieth, thought it hard that he was not allowed to pass, 
while his next-door neighbor, who had covered forty pages 
by entering an occasional species more than once, passed 
with a high mark. 

One of the most unique characters of the Haverford 
Faculty of this year was Professor Davenport. One of the 
old school, a classmate of President Chase, a thorough stu- 
dent, and as kind-hearted a man as ever lived when fairly 
treated by his students, he was well fitted to teach men 
desirous of learning ; but although much solid study was 
done in his classes, they were, nevertheless, the scenes of 
many a prank and joke. The Professor was very near- 
sighted, and of this fact the students took the fullest advan- 
tage. It was in his class-room that a cat was once placed on 
top of the map-case behind the Professor's desk, and was 
the innocent cause of much merriment and confusion and 
of a short recitation. And who of those present will ever 
forget the day when something was thrown under the Pro- 
fessor's desk, which he wrongly imagined was a banana 
skin, when in an excited way he called out, " Who threw 
the banana? Who threw the banana ? " and, on no answer 
being given, how the blunt remark, " Somebody's a liar," 
startled the class. Then on the day when a too well- 
informed student attempted to prove that ^ocottl'? "Uprj 
meant " Wall-eyed Juno," and stated that the epithet " wall- 
eyed" was a complimentary one, what a piece of his mind 
the Professor gave to that youth and how the class en- 
joyed it ! 

According to our Professor, a Sophomore was a wise fool, 
while a Freshman he considered but the noun without the 
adjective ; and so he must have regarded the man who, 



544 HISTORY OF HAVEKFORD COLLEGE. 

having just stated that Pyrrhus used elephants in his cam- 
paigns, added, in response to the question, " What is a 
Pyrrhic yictory ?" " An elephantic victory, sir." 

In his recitations there was always the prospect of some 
fun, of one kind or another, and of the sequel thereto, 
either "ten off" or a student leaving an unfinished recita- 
tion a sadder but a wiser man. So we combined pleasure 
(for ourselves, at least,) with profit, and when the year closed, 
and Professor Davenport left the college, every one felt 
sorry at his departure, and many an one regretted that he 
had not been more thoughtful and considerate in the class- 
room. 

It was on the 4th of March, 1886, that the matron treated 
the college to a repast of chicken salad, or, perhaps, from 
its consequent ruinous effect on the digestive apparatus of 
about one-third of the undergraduates, was rather "bob 
veal salad." When, the following evening, Professor Daven- 
port was reading the Bible at collection, the window behind 
him gently opened, and a stuffed hen of some strange 
variety, evidently borrowed from the ornithological collec- 
tion for this purpose, was slowly projected on a board into the 
room, behind and above the Professor's head ; there was a 
momentary continuance of silence, then a titter, a laugh, a 
surprised look on the good Professor's face, and the evening 
collection was brought to a premature close. 

To the uninitiated it may, perhaps, seem a curious fact that 
Professor Sharpless was once obliged to put a stop to many 
of the students going to the Mid-week Meeting too long 
before the set hour. The fact is, however, easily explained. 
The front seats were occupied by the Freshmen, the next 
by the Sophomores, then the Juniors, and the back ones by 
the Seniors, for reasons of personal comfort, and, when 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 545 

pressed for time to prepare some afternoon recitation, or for 
the pursuit of lighter literature, a seat as far back as possible 
is to be preferred, one can easily account for the early trips 
to the Meeting House. 

The cane-rush, which took place in the autumn of 1886-87, 
between the two lower classes, was the last in which both 
entire classes took part. Since then they have been lim- 
ited to a chosen few from each class. It was on one of the 
last days of September that the Freshmen appeared in front 
of Barclay Hall, guarding a stout cane and defiantly giving 
their class yell. This was an intimation to the Sophomores 
that they were ready to test the mettle of the two classes 
and to fight for the privilege of carrying their canes during 
their first 3'^ear at college. But few moments elapsed before 
the Sophomores, with all superfluous clothing laid aside, 
appeared, and, forming a solid phalanx, rushed on the 
group of Freshmen. Directly the two classes formed one 
surging, tugging, struggling mass, which slowly swayed, 
now this way, now that, over the campus, surrounded by an 
excited crowd of upper classmen, urging on the contestants 
with shouts or yells. 

Every man did his best, either to get one of his own 
hands on the coveted wood or else to drag off from it an 
opposing classman who seemed inclined to stay on the cane, 
regardless of the efforts to dislodge him, and of his fast- 
diminishing supply of clothing. Finally time was called, 
and a tired and seedy-looking crowd, dripping with per- 
spiration and most of them needing a new stock of clothing, 
stepped aside to let the judges count the hands still clutch- 
ing the cane. This year the Sophomore hands outnum- 
bered those of their opponents, and the class of '90, in 
consequence, did not carry canes during their Freshman 

35 



546 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

year. At the close of the rush the campus presented a 
rather used-up look ; for, marking the path of the struggle, 
there was a space almost stripped of grass, but covered with 
fragments of clothing, buttons, and other articles, forcibly 
separated from their owners during the fray. 

This was not the only tussle between the two classes 
during this year, and one of the most exciting was a struggle 
which took place one snowy day, when the Sophomores 
stationed themselves at the south end of the Meeting House 
bridge, on their way back from an hour's spiritual refresh- 
ment, and met the opposing Freshies with a shower of 
snowballs. After a few moments at long range, the Fresh- 
men managed to cross the bridge, and a hand-to-hand en- 
counter took place. Each man picked out an opponent and 
endeavored to roll him in the snow, and, before the fray 
was ended, almost every Freshman, and a few Sophomores, 
had left imprints of their persons in the snow. At the noon 
hour, too, the early arrivals for dinner would sometimes 
station themselves outside of Founders' Hall and make each 
newcomer run the gantlet before he could join the increas- 
ing ranks and have any hope of dinner. 



During the Christmas holidays of this year the old white- 
washed walls of the dining-room in Founders' Hall were 
covered with wall-paper, which certainly gave the room a 
less barn-like appearance, and showed off the portraits of 
the ex-Loganian Presidents to better advantage; but we 
were forced to reflect that the neatly papered walls would 
not brook the same kind of rough treatment to which the old 
whitewashed ones had occasionally been subjected. 

The new paper on the walls of the dining-room made 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 547 

the way far another innovation, which took place on our 
return from the spring vacation of this year. We found 
that breakfast was henceforth to be from 7 to 7.45 a.m., and 
dinner from 6 to 6.45 p.m., instead of in the middle of the 
day as before. The change in the breakfast hour was con- 
sidered the greatest improvement; before this the breakfast 
bell had commenced to toll at 7.30, and if one .had not 
passed within the dining-room door before it stopped five 
minutes later, he missed hearing the Professor in charge 
read a passage from some very out-of-the-way part of the 
Scriptures, but got instead one demerit for his tardiness and 
was the observed of all observers when he did enter. This, 
to a Freshman's mind, was often very unpleasant. Under 
this system the man who only awoke as the bell began to 
toll, had to make quick work of it if he was to get in on 
time, and consequently many an undergraduate was quite 
accustomed to finishing his morning toilet as he made his 
way from Barclay to Founders' Hall on a full run. To 
every one's satisfaction the new rule was put into operation, 
and probably the only one who felt badly at the change 
was the Professor, whose congregation at 7 a.m. was not 
always a large one. 

It is a fact, curious but true, that when a joke or bright 
remark is made by a Professor in the class-room a general 
laugh is expected. This, doubtless, was the case when a 
modest Professor told us that he did not believe in people's 
bragging about their ancestry ; then thoughtfully remarked, 
" Why, do you know, I have lately found that my family is 
descended from English kings;" then, more thoughtfully, 
" but Pm not a bit proud of it, you know." However, when 
occasion for mirth occurs during the meal, how every Pro- 



548 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

fessor — not to mention an occasional Professor's better half — 
looks solemn, or even pained. Such was the case one day 
when an organ-grinder was induced to enter the dining- 
room, as lunch was going on, and, after closing the door and 
setting up his instrument, to give, much to everyone's sur- 
prise, a selection of well-known airs. As the "music" started 
there was an instantaneous lull in the room — a few moments 
of suspense as to what the outcome might be — when sud- 
denly one agile little Professor was seen to jump from his 
seat, from which he had been scrutinizing the conduct of 
the youth about him. There was a breathless silence — save 
for the notes of the organ and the Professor's rapid breath- 
ing — as he tripped down the room, and, taking forcible hold 
of our Italian friend, ejected him from the building, some- 
what in the same quick way as a few, then in the room, had 
in days gone by been known to leave class-room. As the 
Professor re-entered the room he was met by thundering 
applause, which showed the undergraduate appreciation of 
his bravery. Somehow or other the Professor did not seem 
to altogether relish the reception so heartily tendered him, 
but he was obliged to accept it nevertheless. Neither did 
the members of the Faculty present at the time seem to 
relish the amusement afforded one day by a Junior's having 
the waiter open for him in the dining-room a bottle of 
ginger-ale, which, from the other end of the room, looked 
suspiciously like a stronger fluid of the same color. 

So firmly implanted in the undergraduate's mind does the 
word " Professor" become that it is often heard uttered when 
least expected, and it has proved a source of great amuse- 
ment when in one of the literary societies an absent-minded 
youth has arisen and addressed his fellow-student in the 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 549 

chair by that august title; and, funnier still, when a hungry 
student at the close of the meal hour is heard calling 
"Professor! Professor!" after the fast-retreating waiter. 

It was about the middle of March when the colored 
waiters at the college intimated that a concert was to take 
place shortly, for the benefit of the colored church, in which 
they were to take part. Shortly after the sale of tickets 
commenced, and many of the undergraduates, knowing 
the risk of offending a waiter, supplied themselves with the 
pasteboards. On the 24th of March the concert came off, 
and a delegation of about twenty-five Haverfordians was 
■present to hear the efforts of the "Haverford Club" (colored). 
The entertainment was held in the little hall on the pike, 
just opposite the "Old Buck Tavern;" and long before the 
hour the audience began to arrive, and among them there 
appeared, much to our surprise, a crowd of pretty Bryn 
Mawr girls, with a single solemn and stately-looking 
matron. At 8 o'clock there was hardly any standing- 
room left, and most of the dregs of Bryn Mawr societ}^ 
seemed to have joined us. When the curtain finally rose 
and one of our waiters appeared to address the audience, 
he was received by a thunder of apjDlause from the college 
delegation, as were the other waiters, as they, in turn, 
appeared in some vocal, instrumental or oratorical effort. 
There were about two dozen selections on the programme, 
and, as almost every effort was encored at least once, it looked 
as if we were in for an all-night affair. After the per- 
formance had gone on for about an hour and a half, and 
colored youth and maid had, in turn, edified us, with an 
occasional performance by one of the older generation, 
whose voice seemed to have been trained in the neighbor- 
hood of either a sawmill or a football-field, the audience 



550 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEOE. 

gradually commenced to feel happy. A rustic swain had, 
during the presentation of a touching love-song, succeeded 
in implanting a kiss on the cheek of a maid in the audience, 
much against her will ; the Bryn Mawr girls seemed to realize 
that one of the twenty-five inhabitants of the twin star 
present might be put in the same position, and they decided 
to leave. The aisles were filled and the doors held shut by 
the crowd in front of them, and, for a few moments, it looked 
as if a retreat would be an impossibility. The Haverford 
delegation, however, took the matter in hand, and, by dint 
of sheer force, succeeded in overcoming all opposition and 
in opening one of the doors, and then helped the fair Bryn 
Mawrians to reach it by climbing over the backs of the 
benches which separated them from the point of escape. 
The girls were finally all gotten out in safety, although it 
had been pretty tough work, and a free fight had, at several 
points, seemed imminent. The Haverfordians, after seeing 
them down stairs and safely on their way along the pike, 
gave them the good old college yell, and then made their 
way back to the college, leaving the concert still in full 
operation. It is needless to say that the evening had been 
much enjoyed, and it was generally conceded that, as far as 
pleasure and amusement went, the literary efforts of the 
"Haverford Club" far surpassed those of the Everett or 
Athenseum. 



During the si:)ring of 1<S87 there was much speculation 
as to who was to be Haverford's next President ; and when 
after long uncertainty it was whispered about on the 5th of 
April that Dean Sharpless was the choice of the Managers, 
great satisfaction was felt over the result. After collection 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 551 

on this same evening, when report had changed to certainty, 
the students arranged to serenade their new-made President. 
A line was formed in front of Barclay Hall, the classes 
coming in order of precedence, and the general arrangement 
of the column being looked after by Marshal-in-chief Holly 
Morris, '87. Every man in the college was in line, and was 
provided either with a lamp, a lantern, or some musical 
instrument (the latter ranging from "Stump" Baily's cornet 
to the " Little Barnes" pistol). After forming, the line 
marched to the President's house, and every one loudly called 
for " Isaac;" and when the President appeared on his porch 
there was wild and prolonged applause. When at last 
quiet had been in some measure restored, Futrell of '87, as 
spokesman for the undergraduates, in a few well-chosen 
words congratulated the President on his election and ex- 
pressed the satisfaction of the stadents at the choice of the 
Managers. 

President Sharpless, after thanking the students for their 
good wishes, among other things told how he had been led 
to take up teaching as a profession. After having left West- 
town he was one day engaged in ploughing, when a delega- 
tion from the Westtown committee appeared and told him 
that they had decided to offer him a position as teacher, 
not so much because of his proficiency, but rather because 
they had been unable to find any one else to fill the place ; 
and so the President said he regarded his selection to the 
office to which he had just been elected as being because 
the Managers had been unsuccessful in their search for a 
thoroughly satisfactory man to fill the place. This idea was, 
however, negatived by the students, who felt that as Cincin- 
natus of old was called from his plough to defend Rome, 
because of his own worth, so President Sharpless had been 



552 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

called from his agricultural pursuits to do battle in the field 
of education because his worth had been seen and appre- 
ciated bj" the Westtown and afterward the Haverford 
Managers. 

At the conclusion of the President's remarks, which were 
most warmly received, the procession moved to Founders' 
Hall, where Professors McMurrich and Gifford were called 
upon, and the latter responded in a short speech. Ex-Presi- 
dent Chase's house, where Professors Thomas and Harris 
were then living, was next sought, and Professor Thomas 
was first called upon. 

When Professor Harris's name was demanded by the 
students he too appeared, and with his first words made one 
of his usual hits, which provoked very great merriment. 
For, standing beside his colleague, and looking toward him, 
his first words were, " Gentlemen, I am no orator as my friend 
Brutus is." After Professor Harris had finished his remarks, 
which were much appreciated by his audience, the proces- 
sion moved over to Barclay Hall, when Professor Sanford 
was called for and induced to make a few terse statements 
on the prospect of college discipline and other interesting- 
topics. Then down the avenue the column proceeded and 
down the pike to Professor Edwards' house, and a racket was 
kept up till the Professor was obliged to appear. From this 
point they returned along the pike, and under the railroad 
to Mr. Crosman's, and after he and his household of small 
boys had been apprised of the fact that Haverford had a 
new President, the party left, in order that the Yarnall 
family might be made aware of the same interesting fact. 
Finally we marched into Barclay Hall, and through its 
halls a steady tramp was kept up for many a minute until 
the building fairly shook. As the active nature of the cele- 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 553 

bration had been slightly exhausting, both to limb and voice, 
it was shortly after wound up with a huge bonfire in front 
of Barclay, which long after left its mark on the elsewhere 
green turf of the campus. 

Early in 1887 an elective class in Elocution was formed, in 
order that those who wished might receive some instruction 
in a subject which had received too little attention. George 
H. Makuen was our instructor, and twice a week, as the col- 
lege bell tolled five, a little group would gather around him in 
Alumni Hall and listen to his remarks on the physiological 
construction of the vocal organs and the true method of using 
the abdominal muscles in connection with oratorical efforts. 
Then each man in the class, pressing his " Brook's Elocu- 
tion " against his muscles, in order to regulate their use, 
would slowly and rhythmically utter that word with 
which the whole college soon became impregnated — Staunch! 
Staunch ! Staunch ! — and so proficient in this exercise did 
the class become, that one day when a member at the 
instructor's direction used, instead of his book, the black- 
board pointer, one end resting against his person and the 
other against the wall, as he uttered the charmed word, he 
broke the rod in two. Then the noble words of Lincoln, 
uttered at Gettysburg, were taken up, and it soon became evi- 
dent from the countless number of times they were heard 
that there was no alternative, but that " the war must go on.'^ 

Sentiment in favor of wearing the Oxford cap and gown 
on public occasions was finally put into practice in the 
autumn of the year by a large majority of the students, and 
it was found that the gown not only lent dignity to the pub- 
lic occasions on which the students appeared, but also proved 
a very useful article when time was scarce and change of 
clothing was necessary, as it effectively hid whatever sort of 
garment or lack of garment might be beneath it. 



554 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

In the spring of this year, as usual, the baseball team 
was got together, and, accompanied by quite a delegation, 
started for Swarthmore in Gallagher's big 'bus. . Just as the 
limits of the Swarthmore grounds were reached, the 'bus 
broke down, and with this dark omen staring us in the face, 
the game was started on the " Whittier-field," then in a very 
primitive condition, and with a huge ash-heap just where 
left field should have stood. The Swarthmore nine were ac- 
customed to the irregularities of their field, while we were not, 
and in consequence the game started badly, and at the end 
of the fifth inning we were twenty runs behind. But while 
there is life there is always hope, and one of our Freshmen — 
a firm believer in Haverford's prowess — at this point staked 
not only his convictions but his capital on the result of the 
game; this was much to the amusement of the Swarthmori- 
ans, which, however, changed to bitterness at the end of the 
ninth inning, when Branson brought in the winning run, 
and the backers of Swarthmore left the field sadder and 
poorer though wiser men. 

About a dozen Haverfordians besides the team stayed at 
the college for supper, which proved to be a light one, and 
consisted principally of stewed prunes and bread and milk, 
for which we were each required to pay a quarter-dollar. 

As evening fell and the curfew tolled, calling all pupils 
of Swarthmore indoors, we left for Haverford in an old hay- 
cart, borrowed for the occasion, to replace our disabled 'bus, 
and a happy crowd it was that disturbed the sleeping 
Haverfordians about 11.30 that night by their shouts of 
victory. 



There was conducted at Haverford during this winter a 
limited business in the production of themes warranted "to 
obtain a certain mark or money refunded," and although 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 555 

limited in its extent, so successful was it that before two 
years had passed outside competition had sprung up, as each 
member of the class of '89 was notified by circular shortly 
before his graduation, that " Colchester, Roberts & Co., of 
Greencastle, Ind., would be pleased to furnish essays, com- 
mencement orations, debates, panegyrical productions and 
invectives," at rates varying from $3 to |25 each. 

In writing themes it was found by experience that the 
highest marks went to the students whose views on the sub- 
ject discussed coincided with those of the Professor who had 
charge of the themes, and it was quite an interesting study 
to see how one class of students could warp their judgments 
in order to agree with their instructor, while another set, 
caring less about marks, were always to be found in the 
opposition, whatever their real views might be. 



There is truly much experience and knowledge of life 
gained during a college course, besides that imparted 
through text-books, as a member of '89 once found when 
he attempted to bite in two a large piece of caustic soda, 
and as another one found afterward while humming to 
himself in the gymnasium an original production : 

" Lyman Beecher, 
Is a teacher 
Of chemistrie," 

and was suddenly confronted by the Professor referred to, 
and asked by that individual if he desired to return to the 
chemistry class-room. He was frightened enough to answer 
to the Professor's chagrin with a faltering " No, sir." 

One of the most interesting events of this college year 
was the " Sophomore Day," held by the class of '89. The 
Faculty had decided that it was inexpedient to encourage 



55G 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



the old custom of cremation, and, although not forbidding 
the class of '89 from holding a cremation, expressed a wish 
that they might see fit to have an entertainment of a 
different sort. Following the wish of the Faculty, the 
Sophomore Class decided on an entertainment, which was 
to be unique in its form and different from anything pre- 
viously attempted at Plaverford, and its features were kept 




THE LAST CREMATION. 



a profound secret till the affair came off, on the 17th of June. 
The grounds were given an almost fairy-like appearance by 
the number of Japanese lanterns found in every direction, 
and the interior of Alumni Hall, where the exercises were 
held, was appropriatel}?^ draped with the class colors. The 
literary efforts, being mostly in the lighter vein, were 
warmly received by the large and friendly audience. The 



BEGINNING OF SECOND HALF-CENTURY. 557 

Sophomores took this occasion to extend to President 
Sharpless an address of welcome, and voiced the sentiments 
which the undergraduates had not an opportunity to do 
at the public inauguration shortly before. In reply, the 
President made some very happy remarks, and especially 
pleased the Freshmen bj'' a description of a man's idea of 
his own greatness at college, which he likened to a 
curve — in the first part of his Freshman year very high, 
but after a couple of weeks quickly descending to the lowest 
possible level, then rising again to an awful height in the 
Sophomore Class, and falling for the remainder of the college 
course to a normal elevation. 

One of the most interesting features of the evening was 
the presentation to the Freshman Class of the traditional 
" spoon," and the return of several canes which had been cap- 
tured during the year from disobedient Freshmen. The 
after-feature in Founders' Hall was, apparently, fully appre- 
ciated by the audience, who did not appear to have been sur- 
feited by the light literary food they had swallowed. This 
entertainment was, by the way, the first class supper; it has 
since become an established custom. The whole affair thus 
turned out a great success, and, from its novelt}^ it was 
everywhere agreed that it reflected great credit on the 
college and the Sophomore Class of '89. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

A VISIT FROM REPUBLICAN ROYALTY.— 

FURTHER GROWTH.— CHASE HALL AND 

WOODSIDE COTTAGE, 1887-90. 

Who are the great ? 
They who have toiled and studied for mankind, 
Aroused the slumbering virtues of the mind, 
Taught us a thousand blessings to create, — 
These are the nobly great. — Pkince. 

The next year brought more improvements and further 
changes in the Faculty. Frank Morley, an A.M. of Cam- 
bridge, England, and for three years a Master in Bath Col- 
lege, came as Instructor in Mathematics. Francis P. 
Leavenworth, after seven years' experience in the observatory 
of the University of Virginia, was appointed Director of the 
Observatory, and took charge of the classes in practical 
astronomy. These two appointments relieved President 
Sharpless of much work he could no longer properly attend 
to, on account of his new duties as President. Robert W. 
Rogers, A.B., of Johns Hopkins, became Instructor in Greek. 
During vacation, wide asphalt pavements were laid, con- 
necting Founders' Hall with Alumni and Barclay Halls, 
and a similar walk was placed between the door of Barclay 
Hall and the end of the path leading to the station. 

Under the management of Professor Edwards the machine- 
shop had, during the last term, become the scene of active 
operations, which have continued ever since. When neces- 

(558) 



A VISIT FROM REPUBLICAN ROYALTY. 559 

sary, new tools were bought, and in some cases made by the 
students. In the new foundry experiments in casting were 
made. If the results were not always successful and caused 
derision among the classical students, the young machinists 
consoled themselves by remembering the great uses of adver- 
sity, and probably learned much from their failures. 

Professor McMurrich spent part of the summer vacation 
among the Bahama Islands, and there procured for the col- 
lege a collection of corals, sponges and other sea life, illus- 
trating the characteristic fauna of the West Indian seas. 

Under the terms of the will of David Scull, whose death in 
1884 has been previously noted, and whose two sons, as well as 
himself, had long been among the most useful members of the 
managing board, a large sum of money now came into the 
hands of the corporation and was invested as a separate fund, 
known as " The David Scull Fund," and has since been used 
as an endowment for the Professorship of Biology. Professor 
McMurrich's name appeared in the Catalogue for 1887-88 
as the first occupant of this chair. 

Perhaps the principal change made in Haverford affairs 
during the years 1887-88 was that in the literary socie- 
ties. The agitation on this subject, which had been carried 
on during the preceding winter and spring, was still fresh in 
the minds of most of the students. It seemed imperative 
that some general change should be made, or literary soci- 
eties at Haverford would be things of the past, and exist 
only in the memories of former generations of students. 
The first move was made by the Loganian, which presented 
ite library of nearly two thousand five hundred volumes to 
the college. This example was soon followed by the Ever- 
ett and the Athenaeum — the former giving about thirteen 
hundred and the latter about nine hundred books. 



560 HISTORY OF JIAVIiRKORD COLLEGE. 

Tlie plan at first proposed of calling the Loganian the 
Loganian Debating Society did not meet with general favor, 
and the old title was retained, though it was shortly after 
organized on a similar basis to that of the Johns Hopkins 
University House of Commons. With this movement the 
"private" societies were acting in harmony. Combined 
under the title of the Everett- Athena3um, they soon found 
that pulling together tended more to strengthen all con- 
cerned than the policy of antagonism formerly pursued. 
The exciting conflicts as to which organization should secure 
the majority of the new students were thus placed in their 
appropriate niche with Haverford's other antiquities. The 
new societies meet on alternate weeks, their meetings are 
open to all who choose to attend them, and any student may 
belong to either, or both, as his own fancy dictates. 

A change in the conduct of The Haverfordian went into 
effect in the winter. Originally a protege of the Loganian, 
the paper now passed into the direct control of the students, 
the editor-in-chief being elected by them as a body, and his 
assistants being divided among the three upper classes, each 
class selecting its own representatives. Whilst this plan 
was not continued permanently, it was a proper step, and 
led to that since adopted, and now in use. 

One of the lines upon which President Sharpless desired 
to develop the resources of the college was that of athletics. 
Keenly appreciating their great value as preservatives of 
good health and good morals, his desire was to extend them 
as far as consistent with the aims of the institution. To this 
end substantial encouragement was given to the Athletic 
Association, and plans for a running track formulated. The 
original intention was to underdrain a part of the meadow 
and pond, attlie foot of the slope in front of Barclay Hall^ 



A VISIT i''i;,oM iM';i'in;i,i(;AN itovAi/i'v 



r,(;i 



jiikI n(!iir IJk! old rnilro.'ul (iirihiiiikiricni, ;i,ii(l iJuirc coiiHirucI, 
ilic. \\-,u:k iiiid ^';c;iimI Hiiiiid. 1 1, wjim (oiiikI, liowovor, iluit 
IJiIh jihiii wjiH iiol |>i'!M',t,ic;i,l>|(t, so, \)u.v\, of Uic old orcli;ir(| 
lijiviii;;' Im'Oii sclocjdd iis !i,siiil,id)l<; si(,(!, I,Ii(! ii<;('(!,s,MJU'y j^Tiuliii^ 
iUid ol.licr iiii|»rov<;iri(;iils W(!r'<; S|)((;dily Ix;;^!!!!. 

WilJi (.liis yv.iw \i vviiH ii,^ii.iii <l()('iii(;d jidvisjiMo (,o i-jiis(! Llio 
st,iuidnr<l of r(!qui.sii{;H for iiditiiHHion io Uk- (•oII<i^;(5. OIJkjp 
(;dti(;id,ioii;;l 1 nslil.ul.ioiis Itciiijj,' coiihI;! idJ y on I, In; !d<:fl, in iJiJH 
dii'cclion, il, \v;i,s Coiind l,li;d, I l;i vM'.rCord iinisL )ul vfinc*! if slio 
vviis l,o i'(:l,jiin I, Ik; r(;|)uLd,ioii vvliirli li(;r- |»;i.,mI, liiul won Coc 
licr. I*'or Hotrio _V(;M,r.s tJio niindx;!' of sludcnls li;i<l ixcn 
slowly iiicnfjisiii^. TIh; !i,(;(;oHHionM ni;i,d<; l,o l\\<: l'';u;nll,y 
induced sonio ^rnd unlos l,o rcinrn as " ^O'jidunl*; :.liidcn(,M," 
in or'dor- UimI, Uioy nn^jjhl cni-cy on Ui(;ir (;<lncid,ion ;-;l,ill 
rurl,li<;r, wliilsl, t,li(; cii'/ i ncor'i n<j; ,s(;<;l,ion ;ind Uk; newly 
<.'ndow';d elmi c of hiolo/^y jilsfj ii,l,ira<;l,(;d niiMKjr'ouH new men. 
'\'\i(; inleriof of t'onndorn' I hill luid Ix-a-m considornjdy niodi- 
(i(;d l,o ni(;<;l, iJifsc f(;(| n i r(;ni(;n l,M. Nol.wil.lisljuidin;.'; Uiin, Mm; 
need of triore s(t!i,ee wa.H l<e<;nly (e,||,, (;Hpeei;dly in I, he (|e[»;u'(,- 
nienl of insl,rn<;l,i(Mi. In ordef Io nie(;l, IJhh demand il, wa,H 
decided Io erect u ii(;w building' for cla,.s,s-rooiriH, 

VVInlf! I,lics(! f)la,nH for increaHirij^' (lie rfflicierKjy of iJie in- 
sl,il,iit,ion (;laini(;d l,li<; a,(,l,en(,ioii of (,lie a,nl,lioril,icM, iJie hI,ii- 
denl.s wei'(; int,e,rest,(;d in e,ef|,a,in olJier- evenl:-; wliicJi ;-;lioiild 
find a, |)lae(; in our eli ron i';leH. A (ile<; Clut) aj'OHc, noi ilic 
weaklin;^ of f'ornier yeui'H, ^iveii t,o HurrcpiilJouH [Xivi'oriii- 
aiiccH, bill a,ii "orgunizaiioM," coiiJiiing urnoii^' Hh " voices " 
foprescntatives of olliciaJ life. Wlie-n Uie wintej- wea,ili(!r 
Hl.o[>(»ed onl.door s[)ort,s Uiese vol.a,ries of ApolKj w(;re CailJi- 
('iil in ))ra,cl,iee, a,nd, in l.iie s(>rin|^ of 1888, iJiey ldo;-;;-:(;i(ir;d 
oul, in llieir " first, concert," before a,n a.udience '•.omposed 
strictly fby a,ut,lioril,yj oC iliose (;oiinec,t(;d wit,li t,lie college. 



562 



HISTOEY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



The fashion of " suppers" also set in at this time with great 
violence, extending from the Sophomore Class up to the 
alumni — not the plain "spreads" of Spartan days, not the 
so-called "busts" of the middle period, but "banquets" in 
the city, at tables decorated with candles, plants and flowers, 
with " menu cards," courses, toasts and songs. As these 
were sporadic events, and were conducted with " modera- 




SCENE ON THE GULF ROAD. 



tion and temperance," no evil results were known to follow. 
The usual number of lectures were delivered ; those given 
by Thomas W. Higginson, on "How to Study History," 
and by Thomas Learning, on " The Political Duties of 
Young Men," being of especial value. 

During the winter coasting became very popular; a 
large " starter" was erected in front of Barclay Hall, and. 



A VISIT FROM REPUBLICAN ROYALTY. 563 

under the care of a track committee, who took active steps 
in treading snow and repairing bare spots, a long and ex- 
hilarating run was secured down the front lawn and across 
the skating dam. Coasting parties were given, and the 
merits of rival bob-sleds, bearing such appropriate names 
as the "Board of Health," etc., were actively discussed. 
The burning of Bryn Mawr Hotel was attended by many 
from the college, who performed great feats in saving 
property — some of it of doubtful value. 

On 5th month 28th, 1888, Dr. Patton, the President-elect of 
Princeton College, addressed the students in the afternoon 
on " Education." But the students were probably as much 
interested in a visit paid in the morning of the same day 
by the wife of President Cleveland, which The Haverfordian 
thus describes: 

" As the time for Mrs. Cleveland's arrival drew near the 
students assembled in front of Barclay Hall and impatiently 
awaited her coming. At about noon a blast from the 
bugle announced the approach of the tally-ho, and as the 
party came in sight, they were welcomed by hearty col- 
lege yells. The coach stopped in front of Founders' Hall, 
and President Sharpless escorted the fair visitor to Alumni 
Hall, where she held an informal reception. The mem- 
bers of the Faculty and their wives were introduced, 
together with the guests present; then the students were each 
in turn presented as they filed in through the library door. 
On leaving, Mrs. Cleveland was given a box and basket of 
beautiful roses and some photographs of Haverford. The 
college yell was then given, and, amidst its echoes, another 
blast of the bugle was sounded, and the coach continued its 
way to Bryn Mawr." 

The class of '88, before leaving college, celebrated Class 



564 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Day with appropriate exercises, and presented the college 
with a bronze tablet of their own workmanship, inscribed 
" To our Alma Mater, in grateful appreciation of the 
careful instruction received at her hands by the class of 
'88." This class also left behind them a silver prize football 
cup, to be played for annually by the college classes and 
held by the champion class. 

In the seventh month of 1888, during the summer vaca- 
tion, "The Educational Association of Friends in America" 
met during three days at the college. Some of tlie members 
took rooms in the dormitories, and meals were provided for 
a large number of the visitors who attended the different 
sessions. Representatives from New England, North Caro- 
lina and the West, as far as California, including the Presi- 
dents of Earlham, Penn and Wilmington colleges, met the 
educators of this vicinity, to listen to specially prepared 
essays and take part in the discussion that followed. 

James Wood, of Haverford's Board of Managers, presided, 
and President Sharpless acted as Secretary. The occasion 
M^as one of much interest, and doubtless profitable to those 
engaged in the work of education. The fact was made 
evident at this meeting that the standard of education 
among Friends in the West was advancing, and that 
Haverford must jDrovide graduate courses and special 
courses for advanced students in order to maintain her 
position as the leading Friends' college. The proceedings 
were published in full in The Student. 

The college year of 1888-89 opened auspicioush^ with 
eighty-nine students, three of whom were graduate students. 
Three new Professors made their appearance, in charge of 
as many newly organized departments. Francis B. Gum- 
mere, son of President Samuel J. Gummere, a graduate of 



FURTHER GROWTH. 565 

Haverford of the class of 72, and of Harvard in '75, after- 
ward a student in Germany and Norway, having received 
the degree of Ph.D. from Freiburg University in 1881, and 
since Instructor in English at Harvard, and head-master of 
Swain Free School at New Bedford, Mass., took charge of 
the English and German. He had, prior to this time, pub- 
lished "The Anglo-Saxon Metaphor," Halle, 1881, a "Hand- 
book of Poetics," Boston, 1885, and other writings. For the 
first time the study and use of our own language was in 
charge of a specialist. 

For many years French was taught by some resident 
member of the Faculty, but of more recent years this in- 
struction was given by teachers who came out from the 
city, with results not as satisfactory as was desired. Wm. 
C. Ladd, A.M., of Brown University, who had been ap- 
pointed fifteen months before, and had spent the interval 
in study in France, now came as Professor of French. 

Henry Crew, A.M. of Princeton and Ph.D. of Johns 
Hopkins, was placed at the head of the Department of 
Physics — a branch which had never received special atten- 
tion, but had always been annexed to the Department of 
Chemistry. To show the history and evolution of this study, 
it may be interesting to notice its place in the past work of 
the institution, as appears from the records. At first the 
course comprised only one year's work in elementary 
physics; Samuel J. Gummere gave the instruction from 
1835 to 1840, when Daniel B. Smith took it up until the 
suspension. After the resumption, in 1848, the same time 
was devoted to it until 1854, under Hugh D. Vail, and he 
was succeeded by Joseph G. Harlan, who held the position 
until his death, in 1857. Moses C. Stevens taught it until 
Samuel J. Gummere came again, in 1862, when the Cata- 



566 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

logue announced that "suitable text-books are provided, 
but the great aim is to teach the subject, not the book." 
Snell-Olmstead's " Natural Philosophy" was "the book." 

The promise of a better day was made stronger by the 
announcement that " a good collection of apparatus belongs 
to the college and is used in connection with the instruc- 
tion. The students are allowed to perform experiments 
themselves, under the direction of the Professor." In 1864- 
65 the Sophomores gave half a year to physics — the first 
increase in the time given to this study. 

No change seems to have occurred after this until 1871- 
72, when Pliny Earle Chase was made Professor of Physical 
Science. Two years later, when Thomas Chase became 
President, his brother, Pliny, was made Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Physics. In 1875 the instruction in physics was 
divided between Professors Sharpless and Alsop, and the 
course was lengthened by the addition of an elective half- 
year for Senior Scientific students by laboratory practice 
wath lectures. 

In 1879 Robert B. Warder was Professor of Physics and 
Chemistry, and a half-year of required physics was added to 
the scientific course. 

At the opening of the college year 1880-81, Lyman 
Beecher Hall was appointed "John Farnum Professor of 
Chemistry and Physics." At that time the course in 
physics was as follows : 

Freshmen : Natural Philosophy ; lectures, three hours 
weekly, for first half-year. 

Sophomores : Tyndall on Heat, two hours weekly, for first 
half-year. 

Juniors: Acoustics, Optics, Electricity, two hours weekly 
the whole year. 

Seniors : (elective) Physical Measurements, bi-weekly. 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 567 

Since 1880, until Dr. Crew's arrival, Dr. Hall gave all 
the instruction in physics. In this time additions were 
being made to the apparatus. After Dr. Crew came, rooms 
were fitted up for laboratory work, where students worked 
under his direction. The prominence of electricity in the 
practical world made its study popular, the range of elec- 
tives was at the same time widened, and graduate students 
have since done a creditable amount of original work. 

Professor J. Rendel Harris was away during this college 
year, having received leave of absence for purposes of study 
and research in the East. His class-work was divided 
between Professors Thomas and Rogers. 

While away Professor Harris kept in touch with college 
affairs, as is evinced by the letters that appeared in the col- 
lege paper. On his return, in the autumn of 1889, he brought 
with him the valuable collection of Ethiopic, Syriac, Arabic, 
Hebrew and Armenian manuscripts, about forty in number, 
which, through his liberality and that of Walter Wood, of 
the class of '07, were presented to the college, and have since 
been arranged for exhibition in a glass case in the library.^ 

The new class-room building was now completed, and 
under the name of " Chase Hall " was put to immediate use 
by the Professors of Greek, Latin, History and English. It 
not only gave these instructors superior accommodations, 
but relieved the pressure on the space in Founders' Hall, 
The building is a neat two-story stone structure, and 
stands fifty-five yards from the west end of Founders' Hall. 
It contains two large class-rooms on each floor, furnished 
with approved seats, and with hard-wood inside finish; each 
room has an open fireplace, and windows on three sides; 

1 A descriptive catalogue of these INISS. appeared in No. 4 of " Haverford 
College Studies." 



568 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



thus the hest effects of light and ventilation are secured. 
The expense, including heating, furnishing and grading, 
amounting to about $9,500, was met by contributions from 
interested friends. Arrangements were made at this time 
for heating the library with exhaust steam from the machine- 
shop. 

The plan of renting the farm outright had been followed 
for many years. On 4th month 1st, 1888, the college again 




CHASE HALL. 



took charge of the farm, and the results have since been so 
satisfactory in the way of better profits and improved service 
as to prove the wisdom of the change. 

The strengthening of the Faculty resulted in creating a 
demand for further instruction from graduates who wished 
to qualify themselves for their special work in after-life by 
taking another year of advanced study. Announcement was 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 569 

therefore made that graduates of Haverford and other col- 
leges and scientific schools of good standing, would be ad- 
mitted as candidates for the degree of A.M., after one year's 
study in residence, on presenting the necessary evidences of 
character and qualification. The terms for such graduate 
students was fixed at $300 for board and tuition and |100 
for tuition alone. It was believed that the presence of such 
students would benefit the college at large and be an encour- 
agement and stimulus to the Faculty. The modern plan of 
specializing instruction results in allowing Professors more 
time for independent study, in which the company of ad- 
vanced students has proved beneficial to both. For the first 
time three of these graduate students now entered the col- 
lege — all members of the class of '88. One of these took 
advanced work in Astronomy, one in Mathematics and one 
in Chemistry.^ 

It may be well to notice here the establishment of Fellow- 
ships for Friends' colleges, which was announced at this 
time, although the Fellows did not enter until the following 
year. Funds were given to the college which enabled it to 
offer a Fellowship valued at $300, open to competition, to 
each of the leading Friends' colleges, Haverford, Earlham. 
(Indiana), Penn (Iowa) and Wilmington (Ohio). In the 
short time this system has been in operation the results have 
been encouraging, as it has brought to the college a number 
of meritorious students of mature years and ripe scholarship. 
It is to be hoped that the plan may yet be placed, through 
a liberal endowment, upon a permanent foundation. 

The institution of "cuts" at this time will be a revelation 

^The Catalogue for 1889-90 reports sixteen graduate students, and for 1890 
-91, twelve such students. Among these were graduates of Harvard, Cornell, 
Wesleyan, Earlham, Penn and "Wilmington colleges, besides our own graduates. 



570 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

to the men of early clays, when nothing but death or the 
dentist was sufficient excuse for absence. " Cuts" are allowed 
absences from college appointments, which are permitted 
without requiring special excuses. The privilege extends 
only to the two upper classes. Seniors have fifteen and 
Juniors nine "cuts" from evening collection per quarter, 
and members of each class have five "cuts" from recitations 
per quarter, no two of which are on the same subject. Ab- 
sences due to sickness or other necessary causes are not 
included in the "cuts." 

The running track in the old orchard was now completed, 
and preparations were made for an opening meeting. This 
was celebrated 11th month 7th, 1888, in the presence of a 
good audience of enthusiastic friends. The second meeting 
on oth month 11th, of the following year, was somewhat 
more successful, as the day was favorable and the track in 
excellent condition. The events were as follows: 

100-yards dash. Running high jump. 

220-yards dash. Running broad jump. 

440-yards dash. Standing broad jump. 

One-mile walk. Tug-of-war. 

Half-mile bicycle. Putting the shot. 

One-mile run. Throwing the cricket ball. 

Half-mile run. Throwing the hammer. 

These sports and those held since have been conducted 
under the auspices of the Athletic Association of the college, 
and although they occup}^ a very small part in the great 
athletic world that constantly toils and strains around Phila- 
delphia, and the college cannot claim to have made any 
phenomenal records, yet there is no doubt that the training 
necessary to prepare for these public exhibitions, if judi- 
ciously conducted, should be beneficial to the students. If 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 571 

the results of these competitions have not been all that 
ardent youth would like to see, the critical " old boys" have 
little doubt that the crop has been fully as good as the seed 
sown and care taken gave warrant to expect. 

The class of '88 published a class-book, which appeared a 
few months after their graduation. It was produced in very 
tasteful form, and contained the usual variety of class exer- 
cises and statistics, and the baccalaureate address of Presi- 
dent Sharpless. It was intended primarily for the members 
of '88, but was interesting to all who were in the college at 
that time, and especially so to the class of '89, who were dis- 
satisfied with the account the '88 historian gave of several 
class contests. The only remedy was to issue their own 
narrative of these historical events; so we find that '89 has 
followed the example of their not less brilliant predecessors, 
and put forth after their graduation a volume, as sober-look- 
ing without as " Paley's Evidences," but within — full of illus- 
trations of sporting groups and lively personalities. 

The Cleveland-Harrison campaign of 1888 did not pass 
unnoticed. A veracious reporter states that one evening the 
campaign club of sixty were taken in a special train to West 
Chester at the expense of the Republican party, where they 
were given an honored place in the procession. Afterward a 
" bountiful supper was tendered them." It is fair to assume 
that this "tender" was accepted. The next night they 
marched again. The recitations this week were fortunately 
not attended by visiting Managers, otherwise they might 
have reported the state of life in the class-room as " torpid." 
To the mature Haverfordian these parades seem entirely 
out of place and superfluous, but the immature " condisci- 
pulus " would remark that only one chance comes in a 
college course, and that must be improved. 



572 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Early in the spring of 1889 it was announced that the col- 
lege was about to issue a publication, to be known as " Haver- 
ford College Studies" — to contain original work by members 
of the Faculty in their special departments. The first 
number appeared a short time before Commencement and 
contained 162 octavo pages. It was not expected that any- 
thing cheap or merely popular would find place in these 
"Studies," and this expectation has been fully realized in 
the contents of the different numbers, which have appeared 
at intervals as material has accumulated. The articles by 
Professor J. Rendel Harris, on subjects connected with his 
travels in the East, have interested many, and the mathe- 
matical and astronomical contributions have elicited favor- 
able notices from high authorities, and brought the college 
into communication with many kindred institutions. 
- The changes in the constitution of The Haverfordian 
editorial board not having proved entirely satisfactory, a 
new plan went into effect in the spring of 1889. This con- 
sisted in having a competition among those desirous for one 
member from each class and one of the Faculty. The 
scheme guaranteed a certain amount of literar}' ability, and 
as the fortunate candidates were excused from theme work 
in the department of English, there was something to com- 
pensate them for the time which their editorial duties must 
undoubtedly occupy. 

The Junior exercises of the class of '90, on the evening of 
4th month 11th, deserve notice on account of the tasteful 
decorations of the hall. Flowers and plants were banked 
at the ends of the platform, and the walls were hung with 
flags and banners. The grounds outside were made brilliant 
with Chinese lanterns. The young lad}' friends of the class 
took an active interest in this work, and much of the artistic 
success of the evening was due to their taste and skill. 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 573 

It now became evident that increased accommodations 
for students would be needed at the opening of the following 
term. Steps were therefore taken to adapt the dwelling 
formerly occupied" by President Chase, and afterward by 
Professor Harris, for such occupation, and the year 1889- 
90 opened with thirteen students in the house, which 
has since become known as "Woodside Cottage." In 




A STUDENT'S ROOM IN BARCLAY HALL. 

many ways the large, old-fashioned rooms are superior to 
those in Barclay Hall, and the quiet, retired situation of 
the cottage, away from the noise and bustle of the other 
buildings, is a decided attraction to men of studious habits. 
Meals are served here, so that the idea of family life is quite 
completely carried out. 

In consideration of some differences between the quality 



574 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of rooms at Woodside and Barclay Hall and the distance 
from class-rooms, the college authorities adopted a reduced 
scale of prices for Woodside Cottage. The success of this 
cottage plan renders it probable that the advantages of such 
a system of providing for an increased attendance will be 
seriously considered before any more large halls of the type 
of Barclay are erected. 

The class of '89 celebrated Class Da}^ with appropriate 
ceremonies three days before Commencement, when they 
presented to the college a silver cup, to be competed for 
annually and awarded to the class winning the greatest 
number of points at the annual sports of the College Ath- 
letic Association. In this way the graduating class left a 
lasting memorial of their interest in athletics and marked 
the passing of a year in which the cricket team, under the 
coaching of the new professional, Woodcock, had been un- 
usually successful, and when, in other sports as well, the 
college had made an honorable record. 

Under the guidance of a young and energetic President, 
supported by the confidence of Managers and students, sur- 
rounded by a loyal Faculty of superior attainments, Haver- 
fordians, both in the larger world without and from the 
little world within, looked forward with confidence to the 
opening of the next year. Their expectations were realized 
when 111 students entered their names on the roll — a 
larger attendance than ever before — with a Freshman Class 
of thirty-two members, unusually well prepared, in con- 
formity with the advanced requirements adopted two years 
before, and now put into effect for the first time. 

Professor J. Pendel Harris returned to his work, after a 
year spent in research in the East, Dr, McMurrich and 
Professor Rogers withdrew from the Faculty, the former to 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 575 

accept a position in another institution, and the latter to 
devote himself to special studies. Dr. W. S. Hall, a graduate 
of Northwestern University and Chicago Medical College, 
assumed charge of the biological work and also of the 
physical training of the students. Professor Morley became 
full Professor of Mathematics, and President Sharpless 
appeared in the Catalogue for the first time as Professor of 
Ethics. 

The work of the year thus auspiciously begun progressed 
without special incident. The annual cane-rush, between 
the members of the Sophomore and Freshman classes, was 
abolished, as the dangers of such rough-and-tumble con- 
tests were too manifest to commend them to the judgment 
of the authorities, and efforts were made to divert the 
exuberant spirits of the rival classmen into other channels. 
The cricket-shed, having proved its usefulness, was fitted 
up with new padding, and the first weeks of practice were 
devoted almost entirely to the new men. The Haverfordian 
reports outdoor cricket practice in March. 

In the autumn Professor Harris moved into his new 
house on College Lane, where, surrounded by some 2,500 
volumes, he breathed the still air of delightful study as 
truly as in other days on the banks of the Cam. It was 
also due to his efforts that the necessary funds were received 
this winter to purchase the Baur Library of some 7,000 
volumes, described in this work elsewhere by Professor 
Thomas, the librarian of the college. Professor Harris also 
presented to the college a cast of an inscription from one of 
the pillars that separated the court of the Gentiles from 
the sanctuary, in the Temple, at Jerusalem. These inscrip- 
tions are mentioned three times by Josephus. 

The friends of the college noticed with satisfaction, and 



576 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

the students with an interest not unmixed with concern, 
that facilities were being provided for more efficient instruc- 
tion. Valuable additions were made to the Physical Labora- 
tory in the Department of Electricity and Mechanics. A 
Mechanical Laboratory was erected near the old carpenter 
shop. The lower floor was divided into two principal 
rooms, one for iron-working tools exclusively. In the 
second story are two large rooms, one for wood-working and 
the other for draughting. 

At the spring sports of the Athletic Association, in the 
5th month of 1890, seven college records were broken and 
the silver cup was presented to the class of '93 for winning 
the most points in the contest. The alumni j^rize com- 
petition in oratory, at the end of the same month, was 
opened for the first time to public attendance, and invita- 
tions were sent out to the friends of the college to lend the 
encouragement of their presence to the young orators. 
The year closed, under brilliant circumstances, on 6tli 
month 21st. Class Day w^as celebrated ; the Seniors enter- 
tained their friends at a " spread," in the old gymnasium, 
followed by literary exercises in Alumni Hall, which was 
finely decorated for the occasion. The next day the alumni 
turned out in larger numbers than usual to their annual 
meeting, attracted by the cricket match between the college 
and their old antagonists — " The University." 

It proved to be a great day for Haverford ; for the first 
time in six years the University was beaten at cricket, and 
Haverford had done it. The features of the game were the 
stand made by Burr and Muir at the bat, and the remark- 
able bowling of H. L. Baily. In the evening Edward P. 
AUinson (1874) delivered the annual address, before the 
Alumni Association, on "The Duty of College Alumni in 




^yA c^^^Ki ^^s C^A ^tj^js^- 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 577 

Political Life," and the class of '87 held a reunion. The 
old boys were, however, soon glad to rejoin their younger 
brethren, who danced joyously around two huge bonfires. 
Rockets, Roman candles and cannon crackers were exploded, 
and the Glee Club exercised their talents as never before. 
The chronicler of the day waxes eloquent in this fashion : 

" Such events as this celebration are the sort of things 
that stir one's heart and make one's blood flow more quickly, 
when one thinks of them in after-years. They are the sort 
that bind us more closely together now and make us forget 
all the petty details of college life, swallow up class dis- 
tinctions, and all that, in one great love for old Haverford." 

At Commencement, next day, twenty-three Seniors and 
fourteen graduate students received their degrees. The 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy was also awarded (for the 
first time by Haverford), after examination, to Robert W. 
Rogers. 

President Sharpless briefly reviewed the events of the 
year, and presented .John B. Garrett, one of the Board of 
Managers, an alumnus of the class of '54, who had been 
appointed to act as President pro tern, of the college during 
President Sharpless' anticipated year of absence in Europe, 
and who now delivered the farewell address to the gradu- 
ating class. 

With this year closes our narrative of college events ; but 
we have still to take up the broken threads of two of our 
themes — the Alumni and Athletics — and bring them down 
to the present date. 

On preceding pages have been recorded details respecting 

the formation of the Alumni Association of the college, its 

useful work in building Alumni Hall and the Library, in 

creating the Library fund, in offering a prize for the best 

37 



578 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE, 

essay on Arbitration, and in arranging for and carrying 
through successful completion the anniversary celebration 
of 1883. 

The work of this excellent organization has gone on 
steadily from the very first. The modest meetings before 
and during the war, when the members sometimes drove 
out from the city in omnibuses, or had to make special 
arrangements with the railroad authorities for trains to stop 
for their accommodation, developed shortly after the war 
into gatherings of about thirty former students. 

In the late " sixties " a few members, who cherished 
affectionate memories of their cricketing days, came out 
quite regularly for several years in time to play a game 
with the college eleven, before the business meeting in 
Alumni Hall, which was followed by the public oration, 
delivered for several years at 3.30 p.m. In 1869 the first 
public meeting was held in the evening, and this custom 
has continued ever since. Match games of any kind 
between the alumni and undergraduates have only taken 
place at irregular intervals for many years past, and these 
contests have not always been fixed for Alumni Day. 

The prize offered by the association to undergraduates 
for excellence in composition and oratory was established, 
as we have stated, in 1875, and first awarded in the follow- 
ing year. For a gold medal only, has been substituted the 
option of a gold medal of the value of |50, or a bronze 
medal and books, of equal value. This prize has been 
given annually ever since, on the award of judges appointed 
by the Prize Committee. These judges were at first selected 
from among the members of the association, who heard the 
contestants privately. 

The successful competitors in 1876, '77 and '78 afterward 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 579 

delivered their prize orations on the evening of the public 
meeting, before the regular alumni oration. In later years 
the judges have been selected from among the alumni of 
other colleges, and have embraced men prominent in pro- 
fessional careers, familiar with the methods of oratorical 
training and the practice of oratory in public life. The 
contests have been in public, at meetings held especially for 
the purpose, at the conclusion of which the judges have 
usually retired and announced their decision before the 
adjournment of the meeting. 

In 1881, the association, by resolution, abolished its 
separate charge for the annual supper (thereby doing much 
to alleviate the miseries of the treasurer's office) and hos- 
pitably opened the doors of the dining-room to all old 
students, members of the Faculty, their families and the 
cricket eleven. 

In 1884 members were invited to bring ladies with them, 
whose attendance has since added brightness and success to 
Alumni Day. This year also witnessed the abandon- 
ment of the old plan of sitting around the long tables and 
after-dinner speaking ; and instead, refreshments have been 
served from a central table, to small groups, seated in the 
dining-room or on the old porch of Founders' Hall. There 
has been considerable variation in the time of holding the 
annual meetings of the association, due to efforts to ascer- 
tain what season of the year would attract the largest 
attendance. From 1859 to 1861 the meetings were held in 
summer ; from 1862 to 1872, in the autumn : from 1873 to 
1882, in summer ; from 1883 to 1885, in the autumn, and 
since 1885 they have been held on the day before Com- 
mencement. Each season has some advantages peculiar to 
itself, but the summer meetings have proved to be the most 



580 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

successful. In 1886 the use of proxies was first adopted in 
the election of officers, and absent members have appar- 
ently been glad to accept this means of keeping in touch 
with the life of the association. 

For several years some of the members had wished for 
meetings of a different character from those held at the 
college. It was felt that a large attendance could be 
attracted to a formal dinner held in the city during the 
winter, especially if followed by good speaking. A com- 
mittee was appointed in 1887 to consider this subject, with 
power to act. A meeting was held under their auspices 
2d month 20th, 1888, at the Union League Club House, 
Philadelphia, w^hen about 125 members sat down to a course 
dinner, Charles Roberts, President of the association, pre- 
siding. The speakers were : President Sharpless, ex-Presi- 
dent Thomas Chase, Professor J. Rendel Harris, James 
Wood, Dr. James J. Levick, Dr. James Tyson, Dr. Wm. H. 
Pancoast and Professor A. M. Elliott. 

The second midwinter meeting was held 2d month 
15th, 1889, at St. George's Hall, Philadelphia. Dr. James 
J. Levick presided, and about 125 members attended. Ad- 
dresses were made by President Sharpless, Professor Clement 
L. Smith, Richard M. Jones, Wm. S. Hilles, Joseph Par- 
ri'sh and Wm. D. Lewis, while poems were read by Dr. 
Henry Hartshorne and Dr. Thomas Wistar. 

The third meeting of what now promises to be a regular 
series of winter reunions was held 2d month 21st, 1890, at 
Boldt's Restaurant, in the Bullitt Building, Philadelphia. 
Although a smaller number attended than at the two 
previous meetings, the occasion was greatly enjoyed. After 
President Sharpless had made his usual report of progress, 
speeches were made by Charles Wood, Howard Comfort, 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 581 

Professor F. B. Gummere, Edward P. AUinson, James Emlen 
and Howell S. England. These meetings serve a useful 
purpose in supplementing the other work of this associa- 
tion, which has already done so much for the college, and 
as the membership grows, from about five hundred, its 
present figure, the organization will still further strengthen 
the interest of old students in the work and development 
of the institution. 



During the last decade several sports other than cricket 
have found a place in the outdoor life of the Haverford 
student. Among these Rugby football is by far the most 
important. An article which appears in The Gem of 1878 
marks its introduction. It tells us that " the football has 
at last been revived, after a long delay." It pictures to us 
the condition of the sport, which appears to have been iden- 
tical with that in 1843, already described ; and, finall}^ it 
presents and discusses the two codes of rules — the Rugby 
Union and Association's — concluding with the words : 
" Unless some rules are made and followed strictly, we can 
never expect to attain to any degree of skill and knowledge 
in the noble game of football." 

On 11th month 19th, 1879, was played at Haverford the 
first match of Rugby football. Haverford '83 and Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania '83 were the contestants. The game 
ended in a draw, and The Haverfordian comments upon it 
thus : " It was foretold that the College boys would stand 
no show against the practised University men. ... To 
have a ball is the limit our game reaches, . . . and our 
practice amounts to nothing. . . . The game was played 
according to Rugby rules, and for the aid of the uninitiated 



582 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

we would say . . . that the chief points of this game are 
running with the ball and passing it from one to another, 
to avoid the men of the opposite side." The modern foot- 
ball player will read of these " chief points " with amuse- 
ment, as he remembers his own hard tackles and the man 
he could not block. 

A month later the college team faced Swarthmore and 
taught them the supremacy of Haverford. The following 
composed the team: Rhodes, '83, Brinton, '81, M. D. Cor- 
bit,'82,Briggs, '83, A. Corbit,'80, rushers; Mason, '80, Price, 
Tyson, half-backs ; Randolph, '82, Thomas, '83, full-backs. 
It is noteworthy that a Freshman (Rhodes, '83) was captain. 

In the autumn of 1880 Lacrosse made its appearance, but 
was soon crowded out by football. Only one football match 
was, however, played ; the class of '83 playing again with 
the University of Pennsylvania '83, and this time success- 
fully. In 1881 football gained a stronger hold ; '83 was 
rising into seniority, and its influence was felt. Class 
matches were played ; The Haverfordian devotes an editorial 
to the sport, wherein the idea of regular college matches 
is entertained. It was also in this autumn that the Fresh- 
men inaugurated the practice of playing against the Phila- 
delphia schools — a custom since maintained with beneficial 
results. 

In 1882 the Haverford and Swarthmore Freshmen tested 
their relative strength, and Haverford came out ahead. 
This and a class game complete the list for the year. An 
editorial appears in The Haverfordian urging strongly that 
permission be granted to visit other colleges, and to meet 
with their teams. 

Swarthmore and Haverford met again in the spring of 
1883, and Haverford again won. The game appears to be 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 583 

growing rougher ; for, while in 1879 only one substitute was 
taken, in this match three or four on each side were retired 
injured. Football grew very popular in that autumn 
(1883); class and scrub matches were frequent. Swarth"- 
more succeeded this year in its first match by a score of 12 
to 9. W. S. Hilles, '85, was captain during this year, and 
The Haverfordian remarks that too much cannot be said in 
praise of his fine playing. 

In 1884 football became established as a college game. 
Every class was represented in the team, and many were 
the class matches played. Both Lehigh University and 
Swarthmore were defeated, the coveted permission to play 
away from home being granted. With outside teams six 
matches were played, and four won by Haverford. By the 
fine kicking of M. T. Wilson, '85, Haverford was strength- 
ened during this year. Hard v^ork and a sturdy spirit 
brought the team of 1885 to victory over Lehigh, by a score 
of 24 to 8, and over Swarthmore by a score of 40 to 10. 
Six class matches with outside teams were played in that 
autumn, of which number Haverford won five. This was 
probably the most successful season which Haverford has ex- 
perienced in football. Prominent among the players of that 
year were A. C. Garrett, '87 (captain) ; Hacker, '87 ; Sharp, 
'88, and Wilson, '88. The Football Association was founded, 
and by united effort it has since done much to further the 
game. The idea of a college league was then agitated and 
was continually discussed until the formation of one for 
the autumn of 1891. 

Swarthmore was again defeated in 1886, but the University 
of Pennsylvania and Lehigh proved too much for Haver- 
ford. The weight of their men told against the light 
Haverford team. In 1884 the rush line averaged 165 
pounds ; from that time it has steadily increased in weight. 



584 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The season of 1887 was an unfortunate one for football, 
as Lehigh, Lafayette, the University of Pennsylvania and 
Swarthmore all scored victories. The Haverford team was 
very light, and this was largely the cause of defeat. J. T. 
Hilles, '88, was the mainstay of the team. 

In 1888 football was rather more successful. Lehigh 
and Lafayette had trained teams, worthy of their large 
number of students, but Haverford was able to make a 
strong fight with both ; 6 to 16 and to 18 being the scores. 
A very exciting game was the Swarthmore match of this 
year. The teams were very even, but when all was over, 
Haverford was ahead by the score of 6 to 0. The mag- 
nificent work of Goodwin, '89, saved Haverford from defeat. 

The football season of 1889 is noticeable for two reasons : 
first, for the splendid victory over Swarthmore, by a score of 
10 to 4, in which P. S. Darlington, '90, distinguished him- 
self; and, secondly, for the want of spirit with which other 
teams were met. Lehigh was allowed a victory by a score 
of 60 to ; and Dickinson — considered a weaker team than 
Swarthmore — made 28 points to Haverford's none. The 
space within the track was at this time made into a football 
field. 

With 1890, and the graduate students of that year, several 
first-rate football players left the college. Those who com- 
posed the team in the Fall of that year were for the most 
part men new to the first eleven. They practised hard, 
but were no match for their opponents. Six defeats and 
no victories is the record for the season. 

Baseball has not enjoyed a vigorous life during the last de- 
cade at Haverford, although a game was played with Swarth- 
more in 1882, and another with Westtown in 1883. The 
first important match was played against the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1885, and Haverford, though beaten, sue- 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 585 

ceeded in making a close game. The interest, however, 
increased in 1886, when the Association was founded, and 
reached its height in 1887, when Swarthmore was twice 
defeated. A number of exciting matches were played, 
which so stimulated the interest in the game that the pro- 
posal was actually made to substitute it for cricket in the 
college. A storm of opposition was aroused, and the alumni 
were moved to bestir themselves effectually. But this dis- 
cussion harmed baseball. Steadily has the interest in it 
declined, and the class of '90, at first of strong baseball pro- 
clivities, finally threw their whole influence on the side of 
cricket. 

Lawn-tennis also has enjoyed a season of popularity. In 
the autumn of 1S86 an association was organized and a tour- 
nament held on the Merion cricket grounds. The interest 
taken by the college was very considerable, and a second 
tournament was played in the Fall of the next year. Less 
interest was displayed, and the association was finally dis- 
banded, to be revived again in the collegiate year 1890-91. 
Tennis will maintain its place ; there are many who can 
play neither football nor cricket ; these and a few others keep 
tennis alive at Haverford. 

In the spring of 1888 a running track was laid out for the 
establishment and encouragement of athletic sports. In the 
Fall of the year the first meeting was held and passed off 
successfully before a good attendance. Two more meetings 
have since been held, and the association provides for one 
each spring. The efforts of Dr. W. S. Hall have instituted 
a winter meeting; the interest taken is considerable and 
may result in the weakening of baseball as the early spring 
sport. 

We now return to the history of Haverford cricket, since 
its reverse in the spring of 1881. In that year the Dorians 



586 



HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 



were singularly unsuccessful. The University of Penn- 
sylvania defeated Haverford, as did also Germantown and 
Merion, b}^ large scores. An editorial in Tlie Haverfordian 
says: " We are very sorry that the Dorian first have scored 
so many defeats during the present season. The long series 
of victories which the club has experienced during the past 
few years, had created an opinion in the college that the 
Dorian was nearly invincible." 




VIEW ON COIXEGE LAWN, NEAR OLD E. R. STATION. 

The Haverfordian for 5th month, 1882, begins an editorial 
thus: ''Cricket at Haverford labors under many difficulties, 
and perhaps the greatest is the fact that the cricket club 
consists of only about thirty members. This being the 
case, it is to be hoped that no member of the Dorian 
will devote himself to lawn-tennis or bicycle riding. 
. . . We would especially warn members against lawn- 
tennis." The first match of the season was against the 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 587 

University Barge Club. Haverford scored only 23 runs 
in her first turn at the bat, and was defeated by an inning. 
The reporter of the game remarks : " All that the Dorian 
requires to bring her up to her former position among 
Philadelphia clubs is a little more practice at the bat." 
Young America, Merion and Philadelphia took a game 
from Haverford. The Haverfordian having stated the need 
felt for a professional, appeals thus to the cricketers : 
" Finally, brethren, it is a fact, which it were useless to 
conceal, that our cricket is in a very bad state, and that it 
will require a long pull, and a strong pull, and a pull 
all together, if we are to win back our lost laurels. Then 
let every man pull." 

The prospects of a successful season were good in the 
spring of 1883, and Haverford began with a creditable 
victory over the University Barge Club. The Merion and 
Girard clubs, however, were successful in rather one-sided 
games, but Harvard came down from Cambridge to play 
Haverford for the first time and was defeated in an inter- 
esting match. An overwhelming victory for Germantown 
closed the season. 

In the spring of 1884 but two important matches were 
played by the first eleven. In the first, which was against 
Merion, Haverford was defeated, but the second resulted in 
a most creditable victory. Young America was the oppos- 
ing club, and the batting of S. Bettle, '85, is especially 
worthy of notice. 

On the 11th of 10th month, 1887, Haverford met the 
University of Pennsylvania, and wrested from their rival 
the intercollegiate prize cup. The latter team was the first 
at the bat and scored seventy-two runs. Reeve and Patter- 
son began for Haverford, and between them put up on the 
telegraph forty-six runs. The remainder of the team sue- 



588 HISTORY OF havp:rford college. 

ceeded in bringing the score to seventy-three — ^just one run 
ahead of their opponents. 

In the following spring Haverford won from the Uni- 
versity Barge Club and Merion, but lost to Young America 
and to Belmont. On 6th month 6th, came the inter- 
collegiate match with the University, the result of which 
was a great disappointment. Poor fielding, and that alone, 
lost Haverford the game. Two weeks later Haverford met 
and easily vanquished a team from Harvard College. 
During this year there was probably at Haverford the best 
batting team the college has ever had. On the eleven were 
S. Bettle, '85, G. S. Patterson, '88, W. Reeve, '85, W. S. Hilles, 
'85, and A. C. Garrett, '87. 

The season of 1886 was a wet one, and thus only two first 
eleven matches were played. Merion defeated Haverford 
by a score of 159 to 157, Patterson contributing sixty runs. 
The University of Pennsylvania also won a ball from 
Haverford. 

In the spring of 1887 Haverford sustained a series of 
defeats at the hands of Merion, Young America, Philadel- 
phia and the University of Pennsylvania. A. C. Garrett's 
batting average in this year, however, was the highest yet 
attained. The same player had, in the previous year, made 
the highest bowling average recorded since 1877. 

With the autumn of 1887 begins a new period in the 
history of Haverford cricket. A resident professional was 
engaged, and systematic shed practice during the winter 
months inaugurated. At first the effect was not visible; it 
takes time to develop cricketers. A succession of defeats 
was experienced by the first eleven, counterbalanced to 
some extent by the success of the second. 

The good effects of careful training were shown in the 
spring of 1889; Belmont, Young America, Harvard, Tioga 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 589 

and Baltimore succumbed in succession, but the University 
of Pennsylvania, in a game unsatisfactory for several 
reasons, added another to its list of victories. The second 
eleven also showed the value of training; for with ten new 
players four games were won out of the five played. 

Haverford cricketers held their own with the local clubs 
in the spring of 1890. Belmont and Tioga were easily de- 
feated, Germantown won by only five runs and Merion by 
a goodly number. The Haverfordian for 10th month, 1887, 
while urging the substitution of baseball for cricket as the 
college sport, had said: "One of the strongest ambitions 
influencing Haverford men is the desire to place their 
college on an equality (in cricket) with the University. . . 
That Haverford can ever expect to cope with her powerful 
rival . . . seems to us beyond the bounds of possibility." 
And yet, on Alumni Day, 1890, in the presence of a large 
and enthusiastic gathering, the University of Pennsylvania 
was beaten by a score of 110 to 74 — two full innings being 
played. A Philadelphia newspaper, in an account after 
the match the next morning, observed: "The victory is 
mainly due to the magnificent trundling of Baily, who was 
at his best. To say he bowled superbl}'' is putting it mildly; 
he surpassed all records, capturing fifteen wickets for the 
loss of twenty-nine runs, and most of those clean bowled." 
This is, beyond doubt, the greatest achievement of any 
Haverford cricketer. At the same time, as The Haverfordian 
said in its report: "Too much credit cannot be given the 
team as a whole for its steady work throughout the game." 
Haverford was the first to bat on a wicket soft but true. 
Patterson bowled with telling effect, and the inning closed 
for thirty-eight runs. The University men were expectant 
of a large score, but those who knew the state of the wicket 



590 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

were more doubtful. The Haverford team took their places 
in the field, and Baily delivered the first ball to Bohlen. 
It came in quickly from the ofi" and struck the leg stump. 
Macdonald was bowled the same over. Two wickets for no 
runs. Patterson followed and made a four hit. Two more 
wickets quickly fell without even the addition of a single, 
and but three runs later, Patterson was bowled by a ball 
which passed back of him and knocked his leg stump out 
of the ground. Half of the team out for seven runs. A 
short stand by Thayer and Thompson, and then the inning 
closed for twenty-eight runs, amid the cheers of the numer- 
ous Haverford supporters. In the second inning the 
American plan obtained. Haverford's first block scored 
fifty-three, and when the University were dismissed for six 
runs, hope ran high. Seven more runs for Haverford, and 
the University had their turn. They decreased their oppo- 
nent's lead by twenty-eight more. Haverford added twelve 
more, needing forty-eight runs to win ; the University made 
twelve, and with one of the most remarkable games ever 
played in Philadelphia, this closed the season of 1890. 

The following tables have been prepared as records of 
Haverford cricket. The first is intended to afford an idea 
of the relative standing of Haverford and her opponents. 
The words " won " and " lost " refer to the winning or losing 
by Haverford. Haverford has thus won six games from 
Belmont and has lost two. 



Clubs. Won. Lost. 

Baltimore 3 4 

Belmont 6 2 

Germantown 4 5 

Harvard 3 1 

Merlon 12 10 



Clubs. Won. Lost. 

Tioga 2 

University of Penna. . . 8 7 

Young America .... 2 7 

Miscellaneous 15 7 

Second eleven games . . 25 13 



The following table will show the success which has at- 
tended Haverford cricket in the several years : 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 



591 



1862 
1864 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1871 



Won. 


Lost. 


. . 1 





. . 1 





. . 


2 


. . 4 





. . 2 





. . 2 


1 


. . 2 






1872 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 



Won. 


Lost. 


. 


1 


. 2 





. . 1 


1 


. . 2 





, . 6 


1 


. .3 


1 


. . 4 


2 



Won. Lost. 
1880 . . 3 1 



1881 . 

1882 . 

1883 . 

1884 . 

1885 . 

1886 . 



. 
. 1 
. 2 
. 3 
. 3 
. 



Won. Lost. 

1887 . . 1 5 

1888 . . 5 

1889 . . 5 1 

1890 . . 4 4 



The table below is intended to afford a basis for compar- 
ison between the matches played during the spring of '89 
and '90 and those played from the autumn of '66 to the 
spring of '69, inclusive, in so far as the scores of the latter 
period have come down to us. The four columns on the 
left-hand side contain the averages for '66-'69 ; the four on 
the right for '89-90. The wides, byes and extras are in- 
tended to be understood as given by, and not as received by, 
either Haverford or opponents, according to which name 
heads the column. For example: in '66-69 Haverford 
first eleven gave 13 extras per adversaries' inning ; in '89- 
'90, 7|- extras. Again, in '66-69, her opponents' second 
elevens gave Haverford -^ of all her runs in the form of 
wides, as against 4V in '89-'90. The averages are only ap- 
proximately correct. A careful comparison of the number 
of men bowled with those caught shows that it is rarer now 
for a man to be bowled than formerly. 



'66-'69. 




'89-' 90. 


Haverford. 


Opponents. 


Haverford. 


Opponents. 


1st 
XI. 


2(1 
XI. 


1st 
XI. 


2d 
XI. 


1st 
XI. 


2d 
XI. 


1st 
XI. 


2d 
XI. 


6^ 


6 


IItVW 


8* 


. . wides per inning . . 


i 


lA 


4 


H 


i 


1 


i 


_2_ 


ratio of wides to total runs 


^hib) 


yV 


sh 


jV 


A 


H 


4tV 


6 


. . byes per inning . . 


5 


2il 


3 


H 


5i 


1 


1 

T7 


h 


ratio of byes to total runs 


tVW 


A 


2¥ 


A 


13(d) 


lOi 


17 


15 


. . extras per inning . . 


n 


5tV 


4 


H 


1 
3 


1 
3 


1 

4 


f 


ratio of extras to total runs 


tVW 


1 

T4 


A 


i 


1 2 
■•-is 


^ 


h\ 


3t'o 


. runs made per wicket . 


Hib) 


8 


H 


bH 


7 


6 


2 





. . . games won . . . 


9 


8 


5 


3 



592 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

(a) In a game with Merioii first, Haverford was presented 
with 48 wides in one inning. 

(b) This proves beyond dispute our advance in bowling, 
when we remember that out of every six runs made by the 
Dorian's adversaries was a wdde, wdiile in '89-90 only three 
wides were allowed her opponents in a total of 1,320 runs. 

(c) Our prededessors' wicket-keeping appears at first sight 
to compare very favorably with that of the present day; but 
it must be borne in mind that they had a backstop, and that 
there is no record of a single man stumped in the scores of 
these three years. 

{d) The Dorian first, in a game with Merion, gave them 
41 extras out of a total of 86, and still beat them. 

(e) This shows marked advance for us. One-third of the 
runs made by adversaries in the olden time were extras ; 
now one-tenth. 

(/) It may be remarked here that the opponents of the 
old Dorian — men who bowled 11 w^ides per inning — could 
hardly have pitched every other ball on the wicket. Thus, 
bowling being less accurate, the making of runs became 
easier. 

It seems well to present here the names of those who have 
won the prizes for the best bowling and batting on the 
Haverford first eleven since 1877 : 



CHASE HALL AND WOODSIDE COTTAGE. 



593 



Names. 



Av'r'ge. 



Year. 



Av'r'ge 



John M. W. Thomas, 78 
Edw. J. Comfort, '78 . 
Wm. C. Lowry, '79 . 
Bond V, Thomas, '83 
Wm. L. Baily, '83 . . 
Alex. C.Craig, '84. . 
Wm.L. Baily, '83 . . 



Wm. S. Hilles, '85 . 
Alfred C. Garrett, '87 
Joseph W. Sharp, '88 
Harry P. Baily, '90 



1.11 
6.47 
5.81 
5.78 
5.31 
4.30 
8.00 



4.50 

8.25 
7.86 
5.47 
5.86 
6.50 



1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 



E. T. Comfort, '78 

II (I K (I 

Samuel Mason, '80 
(( (( it 

I. N. Winslow, '81 
S. B. Shoemaker, '83 
W. F. Price, '81 . 
Samuel Battle, '85 

II (I cs 

G. S. Patterson, '8 
A. C. Garrett, '87 
J. T. Hilles, '88 . 
E. L. Martin, '92 
C. H. Burr, Jr., '8 



18f 

lOA 

14 

17t 
12i 

9f 
111 
17^ 
23 

32TTr 
35i 

9f 
13 
19f 



The following tables give the standing of Haverford in 
football : 



Clubs. Won. Lost. 

Lafayette 2 

Lehigh 2 3 

Swarthmore 7 2 



Clubs. Won. Lost. 

University of Penna. . . 2 

Miscellaneous 9 3 



38 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

SOCIETIES— COLLEGE PAPERS— LIBRARY 
AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 

Dip thy young brain in wise men's deep discourse — 
In books, which, though they breeze thy wit awhile, 
Will knit thee, i' the end, with wisdom. — CoRNWALii. 

We present, in this chapter, a summary history of the 
various societies that have supplemented the curriculum in 
affording intellectual practice, and an account of the library 
collections and instrumental appliances for facilitating 
study, and for purposes of illustration. 

The college has never been very liberal in its expenditure 
for these purposes, and its considerable and growing pos- 
sessions of the kind are largely due to special and voluntar}^ 
gifts. The yearly outlay on the library is almost limited to 
the income of the $10,000 fund, raised many years ago, 
while the " twin" college for women expends the income of 
$60,000. For the increase of the museum there is no pro- 
vision ; and the amount spent on laboratories and gymna- 
sium has been of a meagre description. It is, therefore, matter 
for congratulation that all of these are as respectable as 
they are, while their present attainment leaves room for 
the future chronicler to record growth and improvement 
hereafter. 

The Loganian Society. 
This society, founded 1st month 21st, 1834, continued in 
active and useful operation until the closing of the school 

(594) 



SOCIETIES. 595 

in 9th month, 1845. The Society was reorganized 5th 
month 29th, 1848, and at the next meeting the trustees of 
the former Society transferred the property in their hands 
to the new Society, and the second period in the life of the 
Loganian was commenced and continued until the opening 
of the college year 1889-90, when the Athenaeum and 
Everett societies combined, and the old Loganian was 
transformed into a debating society, since carried on as a 
House of Commons. 

The work of this society, during all the earlier years of 
the career of school and college, was scarcely a less impor- 
tant factor in moulding the students' lives than their study 
of the college course itself. Their analytic and synthetic 
faculties were cultivated, and their minds stored with in- 
formation in the latter ; but the Loganian gave them a 
tongue to speak, and the expansive force of sympathy, and 
a freer intercourse with each other. It gave them that 
training to necessary contact with the human world around 
them, so essential to a useful career. It gave them popular 
reading, and in other ways supplied a needful relaxation of 
the grinding of class-room and study-room. It introduced 
into their intellectual life elements of ease, pleasure, and 
even fun, that were stimulating as an effervescent, and yet 
it all the while maintained the character of seriousness and 
purpose, and largely aided in shaping the subsequent tastes 
and pursuits of its members. 

At a meeting of the Society, held 9th month 13th, 1848, 
Dr. Henry Hartshorne, of the class of 1839, an honorary 
member, delivered the address, entitled " Haverford Re- 
vived," which has since become a Haverford classic, wherein 
is traced the history of the Loganian from its foundation to 
that time. The work of the Society during the whole period 



590 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

of its existence is so interwoven with the life of the college, 
that a detailed account of its career would practically be a 
repetition of much that has been published in former 3'ears, 
or that has already found its proper place in these annals. 
The objects of the Society were originally stated to be " im- 
provement in composition and elocution, the investigation 
of various scientific and literary subjects, the formation of 
a museum and cabinet of natural history and of a library." 
How faithfully these objects were pursued and how success- 
full}^ they were attained is shown by the honorable histor}' 
of the Loganian during fifty-six years. 

The Collegian is a noble record of industry, containing 
many articles that would repay publication, from the pens 
of such men as Daniel B. Smith, the Gummeres, the Chases 
and their associates, mingled with specimens illustrating 
the whole range of undergraduate talent, in prose and verse. 
From these a patient investigator can gather interesting 
hints of the history of the past at Haverford. 

Through many j^ears the position of Vice-President of 
the Loganian was the most honorable position to which a 
Senior could be elected, carrying with it the duty of deliver- 
ing an address at the close of the year. Debates were fre- 
quently held, also mock trials at long intervals. The dec- 
lamations and essays in the miscellaneous meetings, and 
papers contributed to The Collegian, were fearlessl}^ criticised 
by competent authorities; at various periods prizes were 
offered, and each member required to furnish a contribu- 
tion of original verse. The onl}^ poetr}'' some old Haver- 
fordians ever produced was manufactured for these oc- 
casions. Under this head may come Daniel B. Smith's "Ode 
to Venus." 

The minutes show great interest in practical and scien- 



SOCIETIES. 597 

tific matters. We find committees on the Carpenter Shop, 
the Garden, Botany, Entomology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
the Arbor, and on "Superintendence," also a Curator and 
Librarian. Gifts of various kinds were frequently reported, 
and cabinets of natural curiosities were carefully maintained. 
When we notice that committees were appointed to exter- 
minate the daisies, to repair the wheelbarrow, to buy tan-bark, 
tools and manure, and to build a ball-alley, and compare 
these trivial affairs with the discussions reported on some of 
the profoundest questions that have perplexed wise men of 
all ages, we can safely conclude that the Society was capa- 
ble of interesting its members "in all that is awfully vast or 
elegantly little." 

The most useful work of the Loganian was accomplished 
through its library. A few carefully selected periodicals of 
decided literary merit, like the North American Review and 
Atlantic Monthly, were regularly taken. The income from 
members' dues furnished means to buy the best new books 
as they appeared, and to slowly increase the collection of 
standard works not already included in the college library. 
In this way a library of over 2,500 volumes was accumulated 
in the course of fifty years, composed mainly of works in 
the departments of poetry, biography, history, travels, and 
literary criticism. Many old students believe that this col- 
lection was most potent in developing a taste for good 
literature, and laying the foundation for that general 
culture which has enabled Haverford graduates to gain in 
after-years a reputation as " well-read " men. 

Carpenter Shop Association. 
Toward the end of 1834 the Loganian Society put up 
its first greenhouse with a small carpenter shop attached. 



598 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Four years later a larger conservatory was erected, and at 
the same time the stone structure, known in after-years as 
the carpenter shop, was placed near the edge of the woods, 
hard by the gymnasium. This shop was managed by 
Directors elected by the Loganian for many years. 

Finally, about the 3'ear 1857, it was concluded that it would 
be best for the Society to lease the shop and tools to an asso- 
ciation composed of those interested in industrial work. 
The lease so made was renewed several times. Once it is 
reported that the Loganian took possession of the building 
because the association wanted to use it as a pigeon-house. 
The shop has had a varied history, with a small member- 
ship, who at times did much work, and at others neglected 
their functions entirely. The fundamental difficulty seems 
to have been to prevent the tools from getting " lost, strayed 
or stolen." When the college started its Engineering De- 
partment, in 1884, the whole concern was presented to the 
corporation, excepting a few dollars in cash, which were 
divided among the members. 

Penn Literary Society. 

From a few old papers which have been placed in the 
hands of the editor, a society of the above name seems to 
have existed in 1840, having among its members Isaac Col- 
lins, Albanus Smith, Robert P. Smith, Robert Bowne, Rich- 
ard Folwell, Frederick Collins, Joshua H. Morris, Joseph 
Hollingshead, Benjamin Jones and Edmund Rodman. 

These papers show that the members had recitations in 
alphabetical order, and held debates every third meeting 
on such live subjects of that day as " Whether the annexa- 
tion of Texas to the United States will be of advantage to 
this country;" "Whether the war with Florida is justifi- 



SOCIETIES. 599 

able," and the still open question, "Whether the time 
usually spent in acquiring a knowledge of the languages 
could be more usefully spent in studying the natural sci- 
ences." Two prizes were awarded each session for excel- 
lence in essay writing, and Daniel B. Smith and William 
Dennis are named as the judges. 

Dialogues were also held, and lectures were sometimes 
given, as appears from a letter sent by Isaac Sharpless (not 
the President of later days), who writes from Philadelphia, 
1st month 12th, 1841, declining an invitation to attend a 
lecture to be given before the Society by William S. Hilles, 
in which he says : " The Penn Literary Society is one of 
the oldest literary bodies in the school. It was formed in 
spite of all opposition, and although internal disturbances 
and party feuds have threatened more than once to over- 
throw it, it has stood the shock, and with revolving time 
has recovered its position and pursued its course with 
increased vigor." 

A committee on examining the treasurer's account re- 
port in writing : " The accounts are 0. K, in every particu- 
lar, which is accounted for by the fact that the ex-treasurer 
is a good Whig and strong friend of Harrison, the people's 
choice. They recommend that the Society shall not elect a 
Loco-foco treasurer, lest he should follow the praiseworthy 
example of some of the Van-jacks who held high stations 

in the government of King Van . They also advise 

the Society to steer clear of all sub-treasury schemes." 

A small list of books for the library shows that " Moore's 
Poetical Works " and " Scott's (sic) Lalla Rookh " were con- 
fiscated by " the Council." A committee reports, recom- 
mending the expulsion for two weeks of a member for 
disorderly conduct in the meetings of the Society. 



600 history of haverford college. 

The Haverford Literary Society 
flourished contemporaneously with the " Penn Literary So- 
ciety." Among its members were Abraham S. Ashbridge, 
Elias A. White, James P. Perot, James Fuller, and Edward 
Newbold. Its constitution and by-laws are still preserved. 
These indicate that the Society was conducted along the 
same lines as the other society, and also published a paper 
during the winter session, to which members were required 
to contribute or be fined twenty-five cents. 

MiNO-R Societies of the Early Day. 

The interest taken in the parent Loganian and the ad- 
vantage of leading young minds to self-culture found 
expression in the formation of smaller societies of similar 
aims, whose membership was confined to the students ex- 
clusively. 

In the years between 1835 and 1840 the " Franklin 
Literary Society" flourished — a favorite with the j^ounger 
scholars — and at the same time the "Historical" was sup- 
ported by the Seniors and bright lights of the little world. 
" The Rhetorical " is known now only by name as a vague 
tradition of the same period; but the "Franklin" and 
" Historical " are vividly remembered by the men of that 
day as ambitious young societies, attracting the deep in- 
terest and ardent support of their members. 

The College Essayist is reported to have been the name 
of a manuscript paper issued by one of these bodies. 
As no written records have been found, the dates of the 
foundation and dissolution of these early societies cannot 
be stated with any exactness. 

About 1850 and 1851 a society flourished for a time, 
whose name was so cumbersome that it was generally known 



SOCIETIES. 601 

as the C. F. D. D. This was the " Circulus FamiHariter 
Disputando Delectandoque." Its title was probably in- 
vented by Tyro Lingo, who was one of its leading spirits. 
It had a brilliant career, though brief, and practised the 
usual exercises of declamation, reading of original essays, 
etc.; and occasionally the drama, mesmeric exhibitions and 
the like variations were indulged in. It is believed to have 
expired with the departure of the class of 1851. 

The Haverford Lyceum 
was a purely literary society of a private character, origi- 
nated 10th month 25th, 1853, by members of the class 
of 1856. It lost much of its strength at their graduation, 
and soon after was disbanded. It was the parent stock 
from which sprang the Athenseum in 1855. The member- 
ship was small, the average attendance at the weekly meet- 
ings not exceeding six members. These, however, made up 
in zeal what they lacked in numbers. 

Meetings were held in different class-rooms of Founders' 
Hall, whose walls could tell of debates, declamations, 
essays, discussions, original poetry, and lectures on such 
lively subjects as " Sole Leather," " Rattlesnakes," " Os- 
triches," "Jewish Feasts," etc. The minutes record the 
proceedings of these meetings with great exactness ; " fail- 
ures" are reported, and instances noted where students 
"attempted to declaim." "Macaulay's Miscellaneous Writ- 
ings " were presented to a member of one of the higher 
classes " for his disinterested services in writing the title- 
pages of our paper for the past year." An " entertainment" 
is reported to have cost eight cents per member; those were 
Spartan days. A monthly paper, called The Excelsior, 
was regularly published, and its numbers, distributed by 
lot, are still kept by some of the old members. 



602 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Records testifying to these things are among the most 
cherished archives of certain Philadelphia homes, and 
memories of " The Lyceum " are as fresh to the men of 
that generation as are those of the Athenaeum and Everett 
to students of a later day. 

The Henry Society. 

This society took its rise in the winter of 1854-5, and 
graduated from public view shortly after the establishment 
of "The Everett," in the spring of 1858. It was a small 
and select organization, composed of older students, and 
appears to have counted among its members so many men 
of unusual size as to create the impression among younger 
students that great stature was a requisite of membership. 
These " big fellows " took a brilliant part in the Loganian 
exercises, and stood so high with the Faculty that they 
obtained unusual privileges. 

Originally founded to promote mental culture, the Societ}'' 
seems to have got along without constitution and by-laws, 
every man being a wise and just law unto himself. No 
papers are preserved, and oral tradition hands down little 
recollection of exercises. One old member states that "the 
debates were unpremeditated, and the other exercises quite 
voluntar}^, and the rules of order did not always interfere 
with general conversation. The Society was informal and 
unconventional to a high degree, and, I think, secretly re- 
garded itself as a very knowing and original school of 
philosophers."' 

Another old student states that the name was derived 
from Patrick Henr}^ not from " old Harry," as was some- 
times insinuated ; and its members were considered some- 
what "hifalutin," given over-much "to long-tailed coats. 



SOCIETIES. 603 

tight pantaloons, extra short-toed boots, and were exceed- 
ingly fond of Virginia oystersi" 

The Society owned a few volumes of standard poetry, not 
then admitted to the library, but now studied in the classes; 
it even kept a pair of foils, treasured for their desperately 
wicked appearance, but never used. While these peculiari- 
ties seem to have made a more vivid impression on the 
men of that day than the regular work of the body, there 
is no doubt it possessed a solid element — men whose good 
sense prevented its forsaking recognized standards, and whose 
weight and influence kept the " Henry," in the main, true 
to its worthier aims. 

The Euethean Society 
was started in the autumn of 1855, and enjoyed an exist- 
ence of about three years. It deserves particular notice 
from the unusual character of its objects, which were the 
maintenance of order, the encouraging of obedience to 
rules, the promotion of harmony among students, the 
cultivation of feelings of mutual respect between the in- 
structors and scholars, and the discouragement of all selfish 
and objectionable habits. It was an association for the pro- 
motion of good morals, as its title indicates, and its motto 
was " 3£ens sibi conscia recti." There was nothing literary 
about it — no exercises or regular weekly meetings. 

The discipline of "the school" was in such an un- 
satisfactory state that little attention was paid to college 
laws, and necessity arose for " reform within the party." 
Efforts were almost fruitless to discover offenders, and the 
innocent were so often involved in common punishments 
that the better element united in this society and pledged, 
themselves to investigate all offences, so far as their own 



604 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

members were concerned, and be responsible for their good 
conduct. As their organization was so framed as to secure 
this result, and as the original founders were careful in 
their selection of members, it soon became an honor to be 
connected with the Euethean, and certain privileges were 
extended to " the moralists " not enjoyed by non-members. 
It is claimed for this society that during its short life it 
was practicall}'' the means of reforming the whole inner life 
of the institution. When the improved state of order ren- 
dered its influence no longer necessary, when the original 
members left, and other secret and literary societies began to 
be formed, this society dissolved, leaving about the college 
halls huge rolls of blank certificates of honorar}^ member- 
ship, one of which, duly filled up and signed by imaginary 
officials, was presented in 1867 to Daniel Pratt, " the great 
American traveller," at a mass meeting of the students, 
which convened for the purpose of listening to a two-hours' 
rambling lecture by this perpetual candidate for the Presi- 
dential chair. 

The Athen^um Society 

was established 12th month 17th, 1855, by the following 

students : 

George M. Tatum, Walter G. Hopkixs, 

James E. Carmalt, Edwin Tomlinsox, 

Thomas C. Steele, Roberts Vaux, 

Stephen Underhill, John S. Witmer, 

Theodore H. Morris, George Wood, 

James W. Cromwell, William H. Wood. 

The purposes of the Society are set forth in the preamble, 
which states that the above-named, " being sensible of the 
great influence of sound learning in disciplining the mind 



SOCIETIES. 605 

and maturing the understanding, and also being desirous 
of cultivating in themselves a correct taste for literature 
and a love for scientific pursuits, do hereby associate them- 
selves together for these purposes." 

The first number of The Gem, the manuscript literary- 
journal of the Society, was issued in 3d month, 1857, under 
the editorship of John S. Witmer, Alfred Brooke and Rich- 
ard C. Paxson. A long row of twenty-six volumes of this 
paper, handsomely bound in full morocco, now repose in 
the library, near the array of their ancient rival, The Bud. 
These volumes average over 500 pages to each volume, and 
many of the title-pages are elaborate specimens of the pen- 
man's art, showing much taste in conception, and artistic 
skill in execution. 

A library was formally established in 1868, although the 
Society had for some time before owned a well-used selection 
of standard novels, kept in seclusion in the Society closet, 
near the entrance to " Golgotha," as the old lecture-room 
was called. The " approved" part of this library was after- 
ward placed in the main library building, and recently, by 
gift, together with the collections of the other societies, it has 
become the property of the college. The Society also sub- 
scribed at diff"erent times for periodicals not otherwise taken 
at the college. 

The membership was quite large, in proportion to the size 
of the college during 1863-64, when thirty-three members 
were enrolled. In 1871 and 1872 only eleven names were on 
the roll. The membership of the two rival societies, " The 
Athenseum" and " The Everett," fluctuated in numbers and 
quality during the long years through which they competed 
for recruits from among the new arrivals. Sometimes one 
society was in the lead, sometimes the other ; but, as a gen- 



606 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

eral rule, during the earlier part of tlie thirty-one years of 
their rivalry, " The Athenseum" had the larger number of 
members, and during the latter period " The Everett." 

Each society had its motto, badge and color, although 
at one time the Managers prohibited the display of badges 
and ribbons. The meetings for many years were held 
weekly, on Seventh day evenings, in the lecture-room over 
the old gymnasium. When the custom was introduced of 
allowing students to go to their homes at the end of the 
week. Fifth day evenings were substituted, and in time 
Alumni Hall became the meeting-place. The regular round 
of exercises was varied at long intervals by mock trials, 
mock senates, and even theatrical representations, which 
occasionally tried to evade criticism as "charades," with a 
uniform lack of success that was discouraging. 

Prizes were sometimes offered for good work; joint meet- 
ings were occasionally held with the other Society ; parlia- 
mentary rules were observed, with " Roberts' Rules of Order" 
as the standard authority. During some years the offices 
were open only to members of a certain class; at other times 
class distinctions were ignored, every member being alike 
eligible to office. 

The changed conditions of college life in recent years, the 
increased amount of required work, the time devoted to 
athletics, and frequent visits home, caused a decreased inter- 
est in society life and work. Other causes may have existed 
not so apparent, but all tended through many years to the 
final result in 1889, when the old rivals combined in " The 
Everett-Athenaeum," whose business meetings alone are held 
in Barclay Hall, and the literary meetings in Alumni Hall. 
The decision to consolidate was reached after much discus- 
sion and careful consideration, in which various expedients 
were tried to stimulate the waning interest. 



SOCIETIES. 607 

The student of earlier days, while appreciating the modern 
environment, cannot but feel that the undergraduate of 1890, 
with his larger liberty, has lost some of the bloom of life 
which clings to the intimate association in societies a gen- 
eration ago, when, as a rule, every member attended the 
weekly meetings, filled his appointments with pleasure, and 
took away into after-life valuable results gained from the 
training received in his society experience. 

Everett Society. 

In 1858 nearly all the older students belonged to the 
"Henry" or " Athenaeum" societies. The new term brought 
a lot of " little fellows," or " short coats," who were not 
wanted in the exclusive " Henry," nor even in the " Athe- 
naeum," which, though young in years, had grown rather 
intellectual and select. 

Under the encouragement of two Seniors, who did not 
belong to either of the existing societies, the " little fellows " 
founded the " Everett," 2d month 27th, 1858, with fifteen 
original members. Professor Chase suggested the name 
" Everett " in honor of his old Harvard preceptor, and when 
the Hon. Edward responded by sending a full-length en- 
graving of himself, the terms in which he acknowledged 
the courtesy filled the young Society with joy and pride. 

The members continued to be advised and drilled by the 
two Senior god-fathers, and the effect of their earnest enthu- 
siasm soon was visible in the college, in creating an atmos- 
phere of more manly study and devotion to the usual round 
of literary exercises. The membership soon increased to 
twenty-three, and the professors were glad to welcome the 
new substitute for noise and nonsense, that allowed them 
time for their own little diversions, such as training cucum- 
ber vines and editing " Chase and Stewart's Classics." 



608 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

The Society so auspiciously begun has continued in exist- 
ence ever since. In 1859 prizes were offered for the best 
original essays and poems, and these continued to excite 
competition for many years. In addition to the more com- 
mon exercises, the members of the early daj'^s delighted in 
dialogues and original declamations. 

Public meetings were held semi-annually until 1863, 
then annually for a few years, and were finally dropped. 
At these the President or Vice-President usually made an 
address, in addition to other exercises, in which members of 
the Faculty sometimes participated. 

In 1864 a mock court was held. In 1865 Professor 
Thomas Chase delivered an address on the death of Presi- 
dent Lincoln, before a joint meeting of the Athenaeum and 
Everett. In 1867 an anniversary supper was given, in the 
same year an entertainment to the Athenaeum, in the room 
of the latter; and in 1875 the prevailing fashion was recog- 
nized by holding a spelling-bee. 

The Society was always intensely patriotic and strongly 
anti-slavery in sentiment, as is shown by its striking from 
the list of honorary members one who joined the Con- 
federate Army, Badges were once worn, but fell into disuse. 
The meetings were held on Seventh day evening, until 
about 1870, when the time was changed to Fifth day evening. 
The old collection-room in Founders' Hall was the meeting- 
room for many years, until Founders' Hall was remodelled 
after the completion of Barclay Hall, when the Society met 
in Alumni Hall, where the meetings of the combined 
societies are now held. 

The Everett Library was founded in 1866, by donation 
and purchases. It soon grew to be a creditable collection 
of current literature, and, after being culled of juvenile and 



SOCIETIES. 609 

worthless books, was placed in the library building and 
card-catalogued. 

The first number of the Society's manuscript paper, The 
Bud, was published in 1858 ; the last number was issued 
in 1887. The twenty-nine volumes, bound up in the well- 
remembered green leather, now adorn the shelves of the 
library, and, if less resplendent specimens of the book- 
binders' art than the volumes of The Gem, form an equally 
creditable record of well-directed industry. In od month, 
1883, was celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 
Society, described elsewhere in this volume. 

Since 1880 the interest in the Society has waned, and 
none of the various expedients tried to revive it being 
successful, the last meetings of the Everett Society, as such, 
were held at the end of the college year, 1887-88, and it 
joined the Athenseum in the new organization called " The 
Everett-Athenseum." The new combination now meets 
fortnightly, and is conducted on much the same lines £is the 
old societies. The attendance has not increased, and it 
cannot be said that the outlook for literary life at Haver- 
ford, as manifested in literary societies, is encouraging. 

The Grasshopper. 

Toward the end of 1872 an organization, under the above 
name, was instituted, to supply a need felt among some of 
the students for a better school for exercise in extempore 
debating than was at that time afforded by any of the liter- 
ary societies. 

The exercises were limited to debates, the membership 

was restricted to nine, and weekly meetings w^ere held, at 

which a judge presided, who summed up the case and gave 

the reasons which influenced him in making his decision. 

39 



610 HISTORY OF HAVEEFORD COLLEGE. 

The title of the club was suggested by certain lines in 
Homer, where the fathers of Troy are represented as debat- 
ing as " good orators, like grasshoppers, etc." 

Another club, of kindred nature, known as the " Turkey 
Gobblers," was formed a year later, and these two associa- 
tions did something to improve the quality of the debates in 
the larger societies. The members of " The Grasshopper" 
put out an annual publication, bearing the club name at 
first, but afterward this was changed to The Haverfordian. 
This may be considered the forerunner, if not the parent, of 
the present college paper of the same name. 

Haverford Periodicals.' 

The Collegian, the manuscript paper, read before the 
Loganian Society, and afterward pasted in a scrap-book, in 
which the literary talent of the scholars found expression 
soon after the opening of Haverford School, contained six 
numbers, extending from 11th month, 1835, to 2d month, 
1836. The quarto form was then adopted, steel engravings 
were sometimes inserted in the bound volumes, and the 
publication was continued until 1884, without interruption, 
excepting during the suspension from 1846 to 1848. 

As The Collegian was a monthly, devoted to literary aims, 
the Loganian in 1844 started The Budget, to be put out 
weekly, in order to notice the details of college life, but after 
one year it ceased to exist, and its single volume now 
reposes beside the long row of Collegians. 

In 1857 the Atheneeum began to issue The Gem, and one 
year later the Everett founded The Bud. While these 
papers followed the general plan of The Collegian, in form 



^Abridged from The Haverfordian, Vol. XT, No. 10. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 611 

and contents, the articles, being exclusively the work of the 
students, were lighter in tone, and give many interesting 
glimpses of every-day life. 

In 1879 an important event took place in the establish- 
ment of The Haverfordian, the first regularly issued printed 
journal put out in the name of the college. The first num- 
ber contained but nine pages, and the succeeding numbers, 
to the end of the second volume, show a gradual improve- 
ment. In the third volume the form was changed; the 
pages were reduced in size and increased in number. The 
same form is retained, with little variation, to the present 
time. The editors were formerly elected, but are now 
chosen by competition. The Haverfordian has well fulfilled 
the aims of its founders, and has continued from the first 
to give to all past and present students a faithful and inter- 
esting record of the active life and literary work of the 
college. " Haverford College Studies," consisting of con- 
tributions by members of the Faculty, was started in the 
last year, and gives promise of very great value. 

The foregoing comprise all the college publications to be 
found in the library at the present time. There are, how- 
ever, some notices of other literary papers, known by tradi- 
tion only, recorded in the preceding sketches of the societies 

The Library. 
In the first Managers' report, issued soon after the opening 
of Haverford School, occurs the following passage: "Sensible 
of the importance of providing the necessary facilities for the 
prosecution of the studies of the institution, the Managers 
have made as large an appropriation as the state of their 
finances would permit for the purchase of a library and of 
physical apparatus. The former will, in a few weeks, 



012 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



include about 1,000 volumes, embracing nearly complete 
sets of the Latin and Greek Classics and a number of stand- 
ard works, some of them scarce and of great value, on 
mathematics and the kindred sciences, philology, mental 
and moral philosophy, with a small selection of general 
literature" (Report 11th month 29th, 1833, pp. 2, 3). In the 
same report (financial statement, p. 5), the Committee on 




RESrDKNCE OF PROF. ALLKN C. THOMAS. 



Books and ApjDaratus are charged with $3,400, showing a 
liberal construction of the paragraph just quoted, though 
how much of the sum was devoted to books does not appear. 
The library was given a home in the southwestern room 
on the first floor of the then " school building," now known 
as Founders' Hall. The size of this room — 19 feet by 24 
— was ample for the infant collection, and its situation all 
that could be desired. Not long after, though the exact 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. G13 

date cannot be ascertained, the books were removed to the 
room immediately above — an ahuost equally desirable loca- 
tion. Here they remained until 1864, when they were trans- 
ferred to the building known as " The Alumni Hall and 
Library." 

In 1836 the library had grown, by purchase and by gift, 
large enough to be worthy of a printed catalogue — the only 
printed catalogue of the library which has ever been issued. 
It is an octavo pamphlet of forty pages, bearing the following 
title-page : " Catalogue of the Library of Haverford School, 
printed by order of the Managers, 10th month, 1836. Phila- 
delphia: William Brown, Printer." There is no preface or 
introduction of any kind, nor is any explanation given of the 
system of classification adopted. The system followed is 
not a bad one for a small library. The books are divided 
into seven great classes: Science and Arts; Greek and 
Roman Classics ; History, Civil and Ecclesiastical ; Biog- 
raphy, Journals, Voyages and Travels; Lexicons and Dic- 
tionaries of Language ; Works of authors who have written 
on various subjects; Holy Scriptures and Biblical Litera- 
ture; Miscellaneous. These great classes are subdivided, 
according to the size of the books, into folios, quartos, octavos, 
duodecimos, octodecimos, and then further divided alpha- 
betically by authors. 

A glance through this Catalogue shows that the claim 
made that some. of the works were " scarce and of great 
value" was a just one; for in the list are found, among 
others, the "Analytical Institutions of Maria Agnesi, Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics in the University of Bologna, 1750 ;" 
the Mathematical Works of Delambre, in twelve quarto 
volumes; Laplace's Works, both in French and in English; 
Biot's, Newton's, Maclaurin's, Bezout's Works, and those of 



614 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, 

numerous others in Mathematics and Physics. Among the 
Greek Classics there is tlie Tauchnitz edition, in eight}'- 
four vokimes, with such works as the Bibliotheca Grseca of 
Fabricius; the works of Coluthus, Polybins, Diodorus 
Siculus, and Aristotle. Among the Latin classics there are 
the Valpy edition in 149 volumes and a few critical editions. 

Volume one of History and Biography is not inappro- 
priately the " .Journal of George Fox," third edition, folio. In 
this class are found Clavigero's "Mexico," quarto; Gibbon's 
"Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (expurgated), 
Heeren's "Researches," Lingard's "England" Niebuhr's 
"' Rome," Frond's "Pennsylvania," Walton'^ " Lives," and a 
number of the volumes of " Lardner's Cyclopaedia." Among 
the lexicons are Buxtorf's " Chaldaic, Talmudic, and Rab- 
binic Lexicons ;" Stephens's great Greek " Thesaurus," in ten 
folio volumes; Facciolatus and Forcellinus' "Latin Lexicon ;" 
Damm's " Homeric and Pindaric Lexicon ;" Montaldi's " He- 
brew and Chaldee Dictionary," and Schleusner's " Lexicons 
of the New Testament and of the Septuagint." 

Among miscellaneous works are Bochartius, Malpighius, 
Berkeley, Pale}^, Reid, Stewart, Butler, Crombie's " Gym- 
nasium," Kent's "Commentaries," Selden's "Mare Clausum," 
the " British Essayists" and Jahn's " Biblical Archaeology." 

These few examples, chosen almost at random, show that 
Haverford was designed, from the very start, to take high 
rank, whether its name might be school or college. The num- 
ber of volumes is not given, and from the peculiar sj'stem 
adopted in entering the books, it has been difficult to esti- 
mate, but there appears to have been, at the date of the 
Catalogue, about 1,550 volumes of all descriptions. The 
"selection of general literature" seems to have been very 
small indeed. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 615 

The continued interest in the library is shown by the 
following paragraph (Report, 1839, p. 5): "By an Act of the 
Legislature of Pennsylvania, passed 4th month 12th, 1838, 
an annuit}' of five hundred dollars for ten years was 
granted to colleges and academies of a certain class, within 
which Haverford School was embraced, and early measures 
were taken by the Managers for securing to it the benefit 
of the said act. The whole of the payment for the first 
year has been received and appropriated to the increase of 
the library and philosophical apparatus." There has been 
no opportunity to find out how long this annuity was so 
used, but with continued annual deficiencies in the admin- 
istration it is not likely that the annuity was applied in 
this way more than once or twice. 

In the Report for 1850 (p. 9), $70.51 are charged to library 
and apparatus; in 1853 (p. 8), $68.59; in 1856 (p. 11), with a 
fuller attendance of students, $459.36; but probably the 
larger portion was for apparatus, for we read in the Report 
for 1857 (p. 9): "Some additions have been made during 
the year to the librar}'' ; it, however, needs to be greatly en- 
larged, in order to keep pace with the progress of literature 
and science. The means at the disposal of the Board do 
not warrant a great annual increase; and this is one of the 
wants, for the suppl}^ of which the college must rely upon 
the continued liberality of its friends." 

In 1861 the amount applied to " library and apparatus" 
fell to the small sum of $55.78 (Report, p. 12), probably the 
smallest on record. At this time the number of volumes 
had increased during the twenty-eight years of its existence 
to about 3,000 ; no important purchases had been made for 
some years, gifts had been comparatively few, and the 
general impression made by the library was that of a 



616 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

neglected department. To the greater number of tlie stu- 
dents neither the collection nor the room offered much 
attraction. Open once a week, at a time when most students 
wished to be in the open air, many never went near it and 
others rarely; some of the older students were glad to get 
leave to use the room as a place for quiet stud}'-, and a few 
lovers of books would now and then explore its recesses, 
and not infrequently come upon some treasure, or find some 
volume which seemed to have got in by accident. In such 
a way more than one lover of books made his first ac- 
quaintance with the pensive Southwell and with Aubrey 
DeVere, those attractive Roman Catholic poets ; with Cow- 
per's "Homer," with Addison's dramas, with the " Spectator," 
with the dreary "Rambler," with Crabbe, or with that medley 
known as the " Harleian Miscellany." To such readers as 
these there was an atmosphere about the old room that was 
wonderfully bookish. 

It is a well-worn saying that the darkest hour is just 
before dawn ; it is the truth of the saying that has caused 
its threadbare condition. So the darkest hour of Haverford 
Library was just before its revival. Just when the greater 
part of the students wholly neglected the College Library, 
when little or no money was spent for its increase, suddenly 
all was changed, and for some time the interest of every one 
was centred in the library. The account of this movement 
can best be given in the words of the Managers' Report: 
"Among the educational means which every college should 
offer to its students, a large and well-selected library has 
always been deemed essential. The library of Haverford, 
not inconsiderable nor badly selected, has yet been greatly 
deficient in extent. To promote accurate knowledge, 
abundant resources must be applied; the habit of research 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 617 

deepens and fixes the information wliicli is acquired, and 
when well directed is an invaluable aid whatever may be 
the student's subsequent course. . An early graduate of 
Haverford having generously offered a large sum to be 
applied to the erection of a building for the library, and 
many of the alumni and others having liberally contributed 
to this object in connection with a hall for the annual meet- 
ings of that Association, a commodious house has been 
erected, adapted to both purposes. Encouraged by this 
great act of liberality, a number of Friends have together 
contributed the further sum of $10,000, the income of which 
is to be applied to the increase of the library. By these 
arrangements, which have been effected without drawing 
upon the funds of the Association, it is hoped that addi- 
tional means of no little value in promoting a sound liberal 
education have been permanently secured to the institu- 
tion " (Report, 1864, p. 6). 

The description of the building and the circumstances of 
its erection having been given in another part of this 
volume, it is not needful to dwell upon that part of the 
subject here. 

The following account of the removal of the books to 
their new location is taken from the records of the library. 
When it is known that the Librarian at that time was 
Clement L. Smith, then an Assistant Professor, the care with 
which the work was done will be appreciated. 

" The removal of the books from the old library to the 
new room in Alumni Hall was conducted under the super- 
vision of the President (Samuel J. Gummere), and com- 
pleted about the 6th of the 8th month, 1864. A rearrange- 
ment of the books was commenced before the end of the 
vacation and completed in the early part of the 10th month. 



618 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

The books were distributed among the alcoves according to 
the subjects. The alcoves were designated by the first seven 
letters of the alphabet. Alcove A was devoted to History ; 
B to Biography, Geography and Travel and Miscellaneous 
Ens'lish Literature ; C to Classics, Ancient and Modern 
(except English); D to Philology; E to various classes 
containing a few books each, such as Law, Social Science, 
Art, etc.; F to Religion and Natural Science ; G to Physics, 
Astronomy and Mathematics. 

" All the shelves were numbered from 1 to 312, and in 
each book is written with lead-pencil the number of the 
shelf where it belongs. Each book also has its own number, 
which is one of a series, the highest of which shows the 
whole number of books belonging to the library. 

"A new set of labels was procured, and those books which 
were without them supplied. Room is left on the label to 
write the date of the purchase of the book, or, if a gift, the 
name of the donor. Printed blanks for the acknowledg- 
ment of donations were also obtained. The number of 
books in the library, by an enumeration made after the 
rearrangement was completed, was 3,047. [A generous gift 
from James R. Greeves, of Philadelphia, made while the 
books were being arranged, brought the number up to 3,256 
volumes.] The library was opened 11th month 14th [1864]. 
The following were established as the library hours : " 
On Second day, 4-6 p.m.; on Third, Fourth, Fifth and 
Sixth days, 8-9 a.m., 4-6 p.m.; on Seventh days, 8-9 a.m. 
The increase of hours was a great step forward, and the 
privilege of using the library-room for reading and study 
was highly appreciated, as heretofore, outside of study- 
hours, there was no place to which a student could retire 
and be sure of no interruption. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 619 

The books were displayed and could be consulted to much 
better advantage than before. Added to this, the Loganian 
Library, numbering about 1,600 volumes, was given a place 
in the new room, and its excellent collection of English 
literature was thus thrown open to all the students. The 
shelves on the north wall were assigned to this library, and 
the removal of its books, their rearrangement and renum- 
bering were mainly done by the then Librarian of the 
Society. 

From this time on there is little to note in the history of 
the library as a whole beyond the frequent efforts to in- 
crease its usefulness in various directions. Among these 
might be mentioned the subscriptions to periodicals. A 
beginning was made in 1865 by taking fourteen, chiefly 
scientific. Previously the Loganian Society had taken the 
North American Review, the Atlantic Monthly and one or two 
reprints of English reviews, but the college had done little 
or nothing in this line since the early days. 

The character of the collection of books which was de- 
sired to be made at Haverford is well described in the 
Report for 1867 (p. 7) : " It has been the aim of the Library 
Committee to procure books of standard and durable value, 
and their aim is to make it an important reference library, 
especially for works and manuscripts relating to our own 
Religious Society." This design has been steadily kept in 
view, and the result is a library with but little ephemeral 
literature upon its shelves. 

In 1876 a card catalogue, prepared by Josiah W. Leeds, 
added greatly to the usefulness of the library. In this 
catalogue not only were the books catalogued under author 
and title, but the bound volumes of the magazines were 
gone over, and the most important articles in them cata- 



620 HISTORY OF HAVERFOKD COLLEGE. 

logued as well. This latter practice was kept up until the 
publication of the new edition of Poole's Index to Periodical 
Literature and its continuation, the Co-operative Index, 
rendered the labor unnecessary so far as periodicals are 
concerned. In 1876, also, the library hours were lengthened 
to four daily, below which they have never since fallen. 

In 1867 the Everett Society began to collect a library, and 
shortly after the Athenaeum Society did the same. By per- 
mission of the Board of Managers these collections were 
given places in the library building, and, together with the 
books belonging to the Loganian Society, added greatly to 
the resources of the whole collection by furnishing every 
year a well-selected addition to the supply of general litera- 
ture, the value of which was better appreciated when the 
societies ceased to buy books in 1887. 

In 1879 the number of books had so increased (8,007 in 
the College Library, and 3,811 belonging to the societies) 
that it became necessary to increase the shelf-room, which 
was done by placing shelves along the east, north and west 
walls above the alcoves, and running a light gallery in front 
of them. This increased the capacity of the room by about 
4,500 volumes, and also added to its architectural effect. 

In 1887 the Loganian Society gave its collection to the 
college, and in 1888 the Athen?eum and Everett societies 
followed its example. Suitable bookplates, recording these 
facts, were placed in the volumes, and all the books were 
then incorporated with the College Library. 

In 1881 the office of Assistant Librarian was established, 
with the result of greatly increasing the usefulness of the 
library, and improving its administration in every way. In 
1884 the Librarian was able to devote stated hours every 
week to the special purpose of advising students in their 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 621 

reading, and aiding them in the investigation of special 
subjects, which practice is still kept up. 

In 1889 the library received from several friends of the 
college its largest single addition — the "Gustav Baur col- 
lection." This acquisition was chiefly due to the personal 
efforts of Professor J. Rendel Harris, The character of this 
collection is well described in the Managers' Report for 
1890 : 

"This library is the collection of a man of wide scholarly 
tastes, a minister of the Lutheran Church, and for a long- 
time Professor of Theology in the University at Leipsic, 
Germany. Primarily a theological collection, it is also rich 
in German literature, both old and new, in history, in peda- 
gogy, in Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and Italian literature. It 
contains about 7,000 volumes; there are also several thou- 
sand pamphlets, many of which are very valuable." To 
accommodate this increase in the number of volumes, a 
double case of shelving, extending the whole length of the 
library-room, was placed on top of the alcoves on the western 
side of the building. 

The general character of the library has, perhaps, been 
sufficiently indicated in the foregoing pages, but it may 
be well to repeat that the aim has been to make the 
collection a working one, and in no sense a popular one. 
This will explain the almost total absence of fiction, as 
well as of ephemeral literature generally. While in the 
purchase of books there has been some difference of opinion 
as to where the line should be drawn, on the whole the 
selection is a very good one. It would be absurd not to 
recognize that there are great gaps existing, and that there 
are lines in which the collection is sadly deficient, or that 
the advanced student continually misses works essential for 



622 HISTORY OF HAVER FORD COLLEGE. 

the right prosecution of his studies. But when it is remem- 
bered that the annual expenditure has rarely been over 
$600, it must be acknowledged that much has been done with 
little means. 

In the numerous benefactions which the college has re- 
ceived the library has not been forgotten, though, with one 
or two exceptions, the individual gifts have not been very 
large. Of the benefactors it is right to recall several to whom 
grateful acknowledgments are specially due. First of these 
is Thomas Kimber, who in 1863 generously gave the library 
half the cost of the Alumni Hall and Library building. 
Prom him also came the Lemaire edition of the Latin 
Classics, in 174 volumes, as well as other valuable books. 
From the elder Thomas P. Cope came a collection of the 
Latin Classics, a number of the volumes being the 
Bipontine edition ; from Jasper Cope came the folio edition 
of Wilson's " Ornithology," with the plates colored by the 
author; from Joseph and Beulah Sansom, in 1834 or 1835, 
a few rare books and the admirable models of Roman ruins 
which still adorn one of the class-rooms ; from Joseph Bevan 
Braithwaite, and through him, came a number of valuable 
works, among them the fac-simile edition of the " Codex 
Sinaiticus,part of the " Codex Vaticanus" (fac-simile),Woide's 
edition of the "Alexandrian Codex," Walton's "Polyglot" 
and Castell's " Lexicon," and Tillemont's " Ecclesiastical 
History." From various Irish Friends, through the solicita- 
tion of the late Edward L. Scull, came some valuable addi- 
tions to the collection of the literature of the Society of 
Friends, helping to make it one of the best collections of the 
kind in the country, though the collection is still far from 
what it should be, being specially deficient in tracts of the 
seventeenth century. From AValter Wood and Professor J. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 623 

Rendel Harris were received, in 1889, forty-seven manu- 
scripts, part of the valuable collection of Hebrew, Ethiopic, 
Syriac, and other manuscripts, gathered in the East by 
Professor Harris. These have been catalogued by Robert 
W. Rogers, Ph.D., and the catalogue published in " Haver- 
ford College Studies," Number 4. From Richard Wood, 
James R. Greeves, Dr. J. H. Worthington, Rachel S. J. 
Randolph, and many others, have also come gifts of no little 
value to the college. It would also be a great omission not 
to name others, either not living or no longer connected with 
the institution, who have been much interested in this 
department and to whom it is deeply indebted. Of these, 
in the earlier days, few contributed more directly to the 
shaping of the course to be followed than Charles Yarnall, 
Daniel B. Smith and John Gummere. In later years, the 
names of ex-President Thomas Chase and Edward L. Scull 
stand out pre-eminently. 

No effort has ever been made to buy books simply because 
of their rarity, and consequently the library has compara- 
tively little to show in this line beyond a few gifts. 

In conclusion, it may be said that though the library is 
greatly indebted to friends in the past, it always will appeal 
to their generosity. A list of some of the important books, 
maps, etc., is appended. 



Eaee and Cueious Books. 

Vitie Philosophorum, by Walter Burleigh. Small folio. Printed by Frederic 

Creusner, at Nuremberg, last day of June, 1474. 
Seneca Moralis; also the so-called letters of St. Paul and Seneca. Folio. 

Printed at Venice by Bernard of Cremona and Simon of Luero, 5th of 

October, 1490. 
Juvenal et Persius. Venice, 1501. Printed by Aldus. 
Suetonius, Paulus Diaconus, etc. Venice. Printing house of Aldus, 1521. 
Poeix Graecie Principes. Folio. Published by H. Stepliens, 1566. 



624 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Proclns' Comments upon the Timseon and tlie Republic of Plato. Small folio. 
Basle, 1534. 

Confession of Faith, etc., given fortli by (he Yearly Meeting at Burlington, 
7th of the 7th month, 1692. Printed and sold by William Bradford in 
Philadelphia, 1693. 18°. 

An Exhortation to the Inhabitants of the Province of South Carolina, etc., by 
S[ophia] H[ume]. Philadelphia. Printed by William Bradford, n. d. 

M. T. Cicero's Cato Major, or His Discourse of Old Age, with Explanatory 
Notes. Printed and sold by B. Franklin, MDCCXLIV. 

Thomas Cttalkley's Journal, etc. Philadelphia. Printed by B. Franklin and 
D. Hall, 1749. 

Considerations on Keeping Negroes, etc. Part 2, by John Woolman. Phila- 
delphia. Printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall, 1762. 

The History of the Colony of Nova-Csesaria or New Jersey, etc. By Samuel 
Smith, Burlington in New Jersey. Printed and sold by James Parker. 
Sold also by David Hall, in Philadelphia, MDCCLXV. 8vo. 

A Collection of Tracts by George Fox. Small 4°. Printed 1655 to 1658. 

Works of Margaret Fell, afterwards Margaret Fox, wife of George Fox. 8vo. 
, London, 1710. 

Barclay's Apology, the first edition, Latin. Amsterdam, 1676. Small 4°. 

Barclay's Apology, the first edition in English [Aberdeen], 1678. 

[Note. — The library also contains an example of nearly every edition 
of the Apology published, embracing Latin, French, German, Danish and 
Spanish versions, and the beautiful edition published by Baskerville, Bir- 
mingham, 1765.] 

Eeliqliise Barclaianse. Unpublished Letters of the Barclay Family. Lith- 
ographed by direction of J. Gurney Barclay, 1870. 4°. Only 17 copies 
printed. 

Geneva Bible, 1560 (slightly imperfect). 

Greek Testament. First American edition. Isaiah Thomas. Wigornite, 
Mass. April, 1800. 

Account of the Editions of the New Testament. Tyndale's Version, 1525- 
1566. 4°, with many fac-similes. Francis Fry. 

The Great Bible, Cranmer's and Authorized Version, 1611, with many fac- 
similes, and an original leaf of every Bible described (14). By Francis 
Fry. Folio. 

Fac-simile of The Codex Sinaiticus. Edited by Tischendorf. St. Petersburg, 
1862. 4 vols. Folio. 300 copies printed. 

Fac-simile of The Codex Vaticanus. Kome, 1868-1880. 6 vols. Folio. 

Fac-simile of The Codex Alexandrinus, by Woide. Folio. London, 1786. 

Photographic Fac-simile of the New Testament. Alexandrian Codex. 

Photographic Fac-simile of the New Testament. Vatican Codex. 

Walton's Polyglot, 1657. 6 vols. Folio. 

Castell's Lexicon Heptaglot. 2 vols. Folio. I^ondon, 1669. 

Pantheon Anabaptisticum et Enthusiasticum, Folio. 1702. 

Erasmus' Paraphrase of the New Testament. Printed by Frobenius, 1527. 

Purver's Bible. 2 vols. Folio. London, 1764. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 625 

Baronius' Annals, with Continuations. 24 vols. Folio. Published 1588-1728. 

Beza's New Testament. Folio. 1565. 

Wilson's American Ornithology. 9 vols. Folio. 1808-1814, with plates 

colored by the author. 
Wilson's Ornithology. Volume of plates (colored) only. Folio. 1829. 
Audubon's Birds of America. 8° edition. 7 vols. 1840-4. 
Audubon's Quadrupeds of America. 3 vols. 8°. 1852-54. 
Morton's Crania. Folio. 1839. 
Natural History of the State of New York. 4°. 22 vols. 

Friends' Books. 

George Fox's Journal. First edition. Folio. 1694. 

George Fox's Journal. Second edition. 2 vols. 8°. 1709. 

George Fox's Journal. Third edition. 1 vol. Folio. 1765. Also various 

other editions. 
George Fox's Great Mystery. Folio. 1659. 
George Fox's Epistles. Folio. 1698. 
George Fox's Doctrinal Books. Folio. 1706. 
Dawnings of the Gospel Day, etc. Francis Howgill. Folio. 1676. 
James Parnel's Works. 8vo. 1675. 
Isaac Penington's Works. Folio. 1681. 
The Christian Quaker. Folio. 1674. 
Works of Thomas Taylor. 4°. 1697. 

" Samuel Fisher. Folio. 1679. 

" William Smith. Folio. 1675. 

" Edward Burroughs. Folio. 1672. 

" James Naylor. 8°. 1716. 

" George Fox, the Younger. 16°. Second edition. 1665. 

" John Burnyeat. 4°. 1691. 
Christian Progress. George Whitehead. 8°. 
William Edmundson. 4°. 1715. 
John Eutty's Spiritual Diary. 2 vols. 16°. 1776. 
Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers. 2 vols. Folio. 1753. 
Sewel's History of the Quakers. Folio. 1722. 

The Christian Quaker. Folio. By William Penn and George Whitehead. 
Works of William Penn. First edition. 2 vols. Folio. 1726. 

" William Penn. Select Works. 2 vols. Folio. 1771. 
. " Thomas Story. Folio. 1747. 
Immediate Eevelation not Ceased. George Keith. Small 4°. 1668. 
Several Sermons or Declarations of Mr. Stephen Crisp. 2 vols. 16°. 1707. 
Katharine Evans and Sarah Cheever. 18°. 1663. 
A Brief Abridgment of Eusebius' Ecclesiastial History, by William Eaton. 

18°. 1698. 
Bishope's New England Judges. 16°. 170|. Keprint of 1661, with Whit- 
ing's Truth and Innocency. 1702. 
Gerard Crcesius' Historia Quakeriana. Second edition. 18°. 1696. 

40 



626 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

Anti-Qdakeriana and Replies, etc. 

The Snake in the Grass, and the Switch for the Snake. 

Defence of a Book entitled The Snake in the Grass. 

Leslie's Tracts. 

Antoinette Bourignon. 

Anti-Barclaius. An Examen of Barclay's Apology, by L. A. Reiser. 1683. 

Examination of the Doctrines of Barclay's Apology. John Thornley. Lon- 
don, 1742. 

A Collection of Pamphlets on the Beaconite Controversy. 

Quakerism No Christianity. John Faldo. 16°. 1673. 

Reports of Various Trials. 

Nearly a complete set of the Annual Monitors, English, showing the Ne- 
crology of the Society of Friends in Great Britain and Ireland. 1 814-1888. 

Tyndale's Works. Imprinted at London by John Day. 

Works of John Firth. Folio, 1572. 

Mathematical Works. 

LaPlace's Works in French and English. 
Analytical Institutions of Maria Agnesi. 

Delambre's Works, Newton's Works, Maclaurin's, Bezout's, Biot's, and many 
others. 

Art and Architecture, Archeology, etc. 

The Edifices of Ancient Rome. L. Canina. 3 vols. Folio. Rome, 1848. 
The Antiquities of Athens. J. Stuart and N. Revett. 4 vols. Folio. 1762- 

1816. 
Unedited Antiquities of Attica. Society of Dilettanti. Folio. 1817. 
Edifices of Ancient Rome, Desgodetz. 2 vols. Folio. 1771. 
Views of Ancient Rome. Piranesi. Folio. 139 plates in portfolio. 
Paris and Its Monuments, by Baltard. Folio. Paris. An. XI, 1803. 
Specimens of Ancient Sculpture and Painting in England. John Carter. 

Folio. London, 1838. 
Silvestre's Palaeography. Edited by Sir F. Madden. 2 vols. 8°. 1 vol. 

Folio. Colored Plates. London, 1850. 

Periodicals and Sets. 

Valpy's Latin Classics. 149 vols. 8°. 

Lemaire's Latin Classics. 174 vols. 8°. 

Fabricius' Bibliotheca Grseca. 12 vols. 4°. 

Tenbner's Greek Texts. 

Teubner's Latin Texts. 

Niles' Register. 50 vols. 8°. 

American Archives. 9 vols. Folio. 

American State Papers. 38 vols. Folio. 

Benton's Abridgment of Debates of Congress. 1789-1850. 16 vols. 8°. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 627 

Annual Register. 1758-1863. 107 vols. 8°. 

Tliurloe's State Papers. 7 vols. Folio. 

Pinkerton's Voyages. 17 vols. 4°. 

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 28 vols. 4°. Complete. 

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection. 8°. Complete. 

Smithsonian Eeports. 8°.' Complete. 

Philosophical Magazine. Nearly complete. 

American Journal of Arts and Sciences (Silliman's). Complete. 

Proceedings of American Philosophical Society. Nearly complete. 

Proceedings of Academy of Natural Science. Complete. 

American Naturalist. Complete. 

Nature. From 1879. 

Quarterly Review. 1802-1891. Complete. 

Harper's, Scribner's, Century, Atlantic. Complete sets. 

Littell's Living Age. Complete. 

The Nation. Complete. 

The Friend (Phila.), Friends' Review, Friends' Quarterly Examiner. Com- 
plete sets. 

Besides many other partial sets of North American Review, British Quar- 
terly, North British Review, Journal of Chemical Society, Contemporary 
Review, etc. 

Miscellaneous. 

A Volume of Autograph Letters, containing one of William Caton's, (?) 4° ; 
one of Robert Sandiland's, 4° ; seven of William Penn's, 4°. 

An Autograph Letter of John Woolman's, dated London da mo 

14 6 1772. 

An Autograph Letter of William Bradford's, dated Philadelphia, 1st of 1st 
month, 168|: "To the half year's meeting of ffriends held at Burlington, 
the 3d of ye first month, 168|^," proposing to print a large Bible in folio. 

Two French Assignats, of the years 1792 and 1793 respectively. 

One lottei-y ticket, 1763. New Jersey College Lottery. 

One lottery ticket, Hanover and Louisa Lottery. 1764. 

Cast of Rosetta Stone. 

Mahogany table formerly belonging to William Penn. 

Saddle bags used by Alexander Wilson, the Ornithologist, in his travels. 

Portraits, Views, etc. 

Daniel B. Smith, First Principal. Oil painting by John Collins, from pho- 
tograph and from memory. 

Samuel J. Gummere, President, 1863-1874. Oil painting from photograph, 
by Trotter. 

Thomas Chase, President, 1875-1886. Oil painting from life, by H. Lazarus. 

Pliny E. Chase, Acting President, 1886. Oil painting from life. 

Dr. Paul Swift, Professor Natural and Moral Science. Oil painting from pho- 
tograph, by G. W. Petlit. 



628 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

James Logan. Oil painting from portrait in Philadelphia Library, by John 
Wilson. 

Isaac Collins, Manager and Chairman of Committee on Lawn Grounds. India 
ink, (?) by John Collins. 

John Collins, Instructor. India ink, by himself. 

William Penn. Engraving from portrait belonging to Pennsylvania His- 
torical Society. 

William Penn. Small engraving. Medallion portrait. 

George Fox. Engraving from G. Honthorst's portrait. 

George Fox. Engraving from Swarthmore portrait. 

Dr. John Fothergill, founder of Ackworth School. Engraving. 

Stephen Grellet. Lithograph. Silhouette, standing. 

Joseph John Gurney. Engraving. 

Samuel Gurney. Engraving. 

William Allen. Engraving. 

William Allen. Engraving (small). 

Lindley Murray, the Grammarian. Engraving. 

Goold Brown, the Grammarian. Engraving. 

Joseph Koberts. Engraving. 

Josiah Forster. Photograph. 

Thomas, Israel, and Jasper Cope. Engraving. 

Professor Gustav Baur, collector of " The Gustav Baur Library." Photograph. 

Dr. John Fothergill. Small bust in black basalt. 

John G. Whittier. Small bust in clay. 

Fac-simile of the Protest of Germantown Friends against Slavery. Supposed 
to be the earliest protest against slavery by an organized body. 

Models of the Pont du Gard at Nismes, of the Maison Carree at Nismes, and 
of a Roman tomb. 

Pen-and-ink sketch of the Old Octagonal Friends' Meeting House at Bur- 
lington, N. J. 

Maps, Plans, etc. 

Original Plan of Survey of Tract belonging to Haverford School Association. 
1833. 

Map of the Province of Pennsilvania, Containing the three Countyes of Ches- 
ter, Philadelphia and Bucks, as far as yet Surveyed and Laid, ye Divis- 
ions or distinctions made by ye different CouUers respecting the senlement, 
by way of Townships. By Thos. Holme Surveyor Gen'l. Sold by Eobt. 
Greene at the Rose & Crown in Budgerow. And by John Thornton at 
the Piatt in the Minories. London [ ] Size 33x52 inches. 

An East Pi-ospect of the City of Philadelphia taken by George Heap from the 
Jersey Shore under the direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor-General of 
the Province of Pennsylvania. Size 24x82.2 inches. 1754. 

Plan of the City of Philadelphia and its Environs, by John Hills, May 30th, 

1796. Published and sold by John Hills, Surveyor and Draughtsman. 

1797. Engraved by John Cooke of Hendon, Middlesex, near London, 
Published and sold 1st January, 1798, by Messrs. John and Josiah Boy- 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 629 

dell at the Shakespeare Gallery and at No. 90 Cheapside. Size 264x36| 
inches. 
A Collection of 48 Manuscripts, chiefly Oriental. These manuscripts were 
purchased by Professor J. Eendel Harris in Egypt and Syria in 1889, 
and were given to the College by Walter Wood and Professor Harris. 
A complete catalogue by Professor Eobert W. Rogers will be found in 
Haverford College Studies, No. 4. A few are mentioned here : 

(1) Hebrew MS. on fine white vellum leaves 9x9^ inches, written in a beau- 
tiful regular hand of the XIII century. Three columns on a page except 
in the Books of Psalms and Job, which have but two, each column having 
thirty lines. Some illuminations. Bound in Oriental red leather. On 
the covers is a representation of Jerusalem. The order of the books dif- 
fers from the English Bible ; Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canti- 
cles, Lamentations, Daniel, Esther and Chronicles coming at the end. 
Date given is 5026, equivalent to 1266 A.D. (Hav. 1.) 

(2) Eoll of fine vellum 17 inches wide and 73 feet long, composed of 44 skins : 
containing the Pentateuch. (Hav. 2.) 

(3) Eoll of fine vellum 10 inches wide and 75 feet long. 43 skins. Contains 
the Pentateuch. (Hav. 3.) 

(4) Four rolls of brown leather containing each one book of the Old Testa- 
ment. (Hav. 4-7.) 

(5) A number of single and double leaves of vellum manuscripts. 

(Hav. 8-12). 

(6) A vellum manuscript of XIV century, 256 leaves, each 6x9J inches, con- 
taining portions of Maimonides. (Hav. 16). 

(7) Hebrseo-Samaritan manuscript on fine vellum of XI century, (?) 219 
leaves, each 12x15^^ inches. Contains Pentateuch. (Hav. 22.) 

(8) Ethiopic vellum manuscript, 182 leaves 12x16 J inches. Bound in original 
Oriental binding of boards covered with leather, in excellent preservation. 
Contains Genesis to Euth. (Hav. 23.) 

(9) An Ethiopic vellum manuscript, containing 51 leaves 5^x7 inches. The 
beginnings of sections and certain names rubricated throughout. There 
is a rude drawing of the Trinity (?) and also of the Virgin Mary. (?) 

(Hav. 24.) 

(10) A Syriac manuscript of the XIII century in the Estrangelo hand. Size 
of leaves 6^x8J inches. It contains the whole of the New Testament, 
including the Anti-legomena Epistles. (Hav. 28.) 

(11) jVn Arabic paper manuscript in exquisitely fine hand. The leaves are 
octagonal in shape, outside diameter 2| inches, but the writing is enclosed 
in a circle 2^ inches in diameter. Contains the Qu'ran. Bound in 
Oriental leather stamped in gold. (Hav. 34.) 

(12) An Arabic paper manuscript, beautifully written, with rich illuminations 
in gold and colors. Size of leaves 4x6. Contains portions of the Qu'ran 
with commentary. (Hav. 35.) 

(13) A paper roll containing a modern Armenian Phylactery with pictures, 
10* feet long. (Hav. 40.) 



G30 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

(14) A Latin vellum manuscript, written in a fine hand of the XIV century. 
Initial letters in gold and colors, with ornamental borders. Size of page 
2|x4J inches. Contains Psalms and Canticles. (Hav. 42.) 

Ethnological Collection. 

Most of tiie articles in this class were received from the Loganian Society, 
to which they had been given by various alumni and friends of the college. 
The following are some of these : 

Pottery figures representing Italian peasantry, numbering seventeen ; pre- 
sented by Beulah Sansom. 
Indian birch-bark canoe, with spar and paddles. (Donor unknown.) 
Moccasins made by Seneca Indians, also pipe of peace ; Joseph Elitinton. 
Pipe, cup and saucer, Catawba Indians ; Elizabeth Blenden. 
Cocoanut-shell cup, South Sea Islands ; H. C. Perderrain. 
Pottery from mound in Warren County, O. ; T. H. Burgess. 
Chinese compass and dial and Chinese laborer's shoe; Daniel B. Smitli. 
Shot-bag made by Liberian Africans ; Eli and Sybil Jones. 
Lacquered case containing India ink blocks ; Thomas Wharton. 
Sepulchral lamp, from ruins of Carthage ; J. L. Hodge. 
Chinese chopsticks in case ; Thomas Wharton. 
Flint arrowheads (7) and hatchet ; Theodore Starr. 
Various other Indian relics; Ezra Weston, Joseph Parrish, J. G. Taylor, 

Thomas Wistar, Edgar Wistar, et al. 
A piece of the original Atlantic cable, with an autograph letter from Cyrus 

W. Field. 
Costume of a South Sea Island belle ; Abram Hutton. 
Native bark-cloth, Sandwich Islands; Abram Hutton. ^ 

A Lachrymal, Pompeii, Italy ; Jonathan Thomas. 

Currency of the Colonies and of the early national times. (Donor unknown.) 
A 20-shilling script piece made in Philadelphia, 1759, reign of George II, by 

" Benjamin Franklin, Printer" (Donor unknown.) 
Script of Confederate States of America. (Donor unknown.) 
Cork hat, Fiji Islands ; George H. Chase. 
Grass bag made by Liberians ; J. Copperthwait. 
Cloth, pieces of different thicknesses, texture and -color, Sandwich Islands; 

Thomas Morgan. 

The coin collection contains over 1,500 coins, representing many nations 
and a large portion of historic time. Of these 1,162 have been classified and 
catalogued. 

The whole class of Ethnology contains about 1,700 specimens. 

Zoological Collection. 
Ornithology : 

(1) This department is fairly well represented. There are about SOO 
birds, representing every order and many lands. Nearly all of this 
collection is the gift of David Scull, Jr. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 631 

(2) The egg collection of about 1,500 specimens, representing 543 species, 
given by Hannah Wood Scull in 1879. Most of these are of spe- 
cies represented in the bird collection. In all such cases the egg 
bears, in addition to its catalogue number, the catalogue number of 
the bird, thus making it a practical auxiliary to the bird collection. 

There are also eleven birds' nests. 

Total species about 1,300. 
Conchology : 

(1) A beautiful collection of shells representing 319 species; all foreign 

and many of them tropical. 

(2) Fresh-water shells of America, 209 species. 

(3) A collection of British shells representing 107 species; given by 

Martha Braithwaite, Jr. 

(4) Miscellaneous. 100 species. 
Palseontology : 

(1) Ward casts, 200 specimens ; the gift of Richard Wood. 

(2) Fossils, 1,100 specimens, representing about 350 species. 
General Zoology : 

(1) Corals, 53 species from the Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology; 

given by Alexander Agassiz. 

(2) Animals in alcohol, representing all sub-kingdoms, 169 species. 

(3) Animal skins, stuffed and mounted, 8 species. 

(4) Disarticulated skeletons, 20. 

Botanical Collection. 
Herbarium : 

(1) Old collection made by many individuals, and containing about 600 

specimens representing about 300 species and several distinct flora. 

(2) Eecent collection begun by Dr. McMurrich and M. E. Leeds, who in- 

creased the herbarium by 150 species — all, or nearly all, duplicates 
of the old collection. To this recent collection Mrs. W. S. Hall has 
added 300 species. 
Wood Sections : 

(1) Sections of woods from the valley of the Alleghany River, numbering 

72 specimens; purchased of Dr. A. D. Binkerd and his selection. 

(2) Polished sections (29) of woods used in cabinetware ; given by Daniel 

B. Smith. 
Seeds : 

125 vials of seeds of common Pennsylvania and New Jersey plants ; left 

in trust and for use by Robert Tatnall, '90. 
In addition to these there are sundry miscellaneous specimens from 
various donors. 

Geological Collection. 
General Geology: 

(1) The collection of Professor F. A. Genth, of Philadelphia, containing 
about 3,000 specimens gathered during the second Geological 
Survey of Pennsylvania. This valuable addition to our museum is 
kept in two upright cases, also given by Professor Genth. 



632 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

(2) A column of basalt from the Giant's Causeway. Dimensions, 32 

inches high by 13 inches diameter, and composed of 4 segments; 
given by Thomas Kimber, Jr. 

(3) Miscellaneous specimens, most of which are packed in boxes and 

stored in the attic. About 1,000 specimens. (Donors unknown.) 
Lithology : 

A collection of 4S0 specimens, kept in drawers for class use. Most of 

them are foreign. They represent granites, schists, shales, slates, 

grits, etc., etc. 
Mineralogy : 

This collection is tlie most complete, and one of the most valuable and 

attractive in the museum. It has recently been rearranged and 

classified by H. A. Todd, '91. In this rearrangement local and 

individual collections have been temporarily sacrificed to Systematic 

Mineralogy. As each label bears the name of the locality and of 

the donor, the collection may be again broken up and rearranged 

at any time that our space will permit. 
The minerals are arranged according to Dana as follows : 
Series I. — Native Elements : Native gold, silver, copper, graphite, sulphur, 

etc. ; 56 specimens. 
Series II. — Sulphides, arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides, selenides, tel- 

lurides, including many beautiful specimens of galena and pyrites, 

etc. ; 133 specimens. 
Series III. — Chlorides, bromides, iodides; no specimens in this series. 
Series IV. — Fluorides. In this series are found many beautiful specimens 

of fluor spar ; presented by W. S. Vaux et al.; 30 specimens. 
Series V. — Oxygen Compounds : 

(1) Oxides: Here are found many metallic ores; e. g., hematite, etc.; 143 

specimens. 

(2) Silicates: The quartzes and agates are found here, and the specimens 

in our cases are beautiful and numerous ; 174 specimens. 

(3) Tantalates, columbates. 

(4) Phosphates, vanandates, arsenates ; 63 specimens. 

(5) Borates. 

(6) Tungstates, molybdates, chromates; 12 specimens. 

(7) Sulphates: In this division maybe found many beautiful specimens 

of gypsum ; 98 specimens. 

(8) Carbonates: The stalactites, presented by Eobert Corson and Theo- 

dore D. Rand, and the Iceland spars, make this division an attrac- 
tive one; 211 specimens. 

Series VI. — Hydrocarbons: The coal series comes here. Beginning with 
peat, we pass through lignite and bituminous coal to anthracite 
coal, and end with some of the coal products, as paraffine, petro- 
leum, etc.; 33 specimens. 

Miscellaneous: There are about 150 specimens in cases and drawers, and 
packed away, waiting for more room. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 633 

Summary of the Contents op the Museum. 

Ethnological Collection, 1,700 

Zoological Collection, 

Ornithology, species, 1,300 

Conchology, " 735 

Palseontology, " 550 

Gen. Zoology, " 250—2,835 

Botanical Collection : 

Herbarium, species, 750 

Wood- sections, " 101 

Seeds, " 125— 976 

Geological Collection : 

Gen. Geology, specimens, .... 4,000 

Lithology, " .... 450 

r exhibited, .... 1,520 

Mineralogy, I p^^^^^^ 1,500-7,470 

Total Contents of Museum, .... 12,981 

Apparatus and Appliances. 

In tlie autumn of 1889 a complete outfit for photomicography was procured 
for the Biological Department, also y^s-inch oil immersion lens, aperture g^. 
About fifteen complete skeletons were prepared during the year, and the 
number brought up to twenty the next year. During the summer of 1890 the 
museum was rearranged and catalogued, the rearrangement affording ap- 
preciable additions to the room, both in the museum and in the laboratory. 
A number of new books on embryology, technology, physiology, etc., have 
been added to the working library of the Department of Biology. At the 
present time a collection of the marine fauna of the New Jersey coast is being 
made. This collection will be a great addition to the teaching facilities ofthe 
department. Time having removed the labels from the trees and shrubs of 
the lawn, the work of relabelling has been begun, and will be completed next 
year. A list numbering 138 species has been enumerated by an ex-student. 
The equipment of the Biological Laboratory is as follows : 

Tables for 16 students. 

12 star microscopes in good condition. 
2 Leitz microscopes with revolving nose-pieces. 
1 E. & J. Beck binocular, with substage fixtures. 
1 Bullock microscope, with eye-piece micrometer and mechanical stage.^ 

The range of magnification of the last two instruments is from 20 diam- 
eters to 1,200 diameters, and the definition is all that can be desired. 

1 Minot microtome. 

1 Schantz microtome. 

1 table microtome. 

1 The Bullock microscope belongs to W. S. Hall, but is used in the laboratory. 



634 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

2 turntubles. 

1 incubator. 

2 thermo-regulators. 
2 thermometers. 

i still for waste alcohol. 

Photographic appliances complete. 

Besides this list there are aquaria and other glassware, cutlery and dis- 
secting instruments, water-bath oven, a good stock of reagents and chemicals,, 
etc., etc. 

Present Condition. 

The recent appropriations made by the Managers for the benefit of the 
Physical Laboratory have all been spent in the purchase of apparatus which 
the student himself can use in quantitative experimentation in electricity. 
We now have four rooms devoted exclusively to student work. The most im- 
portant additions are the following : 
In Mechanics : 

A dividing engine with a 35-centimetre screw, 

Kathetometer, standard meter attached. 

Standard balances, maximum load 1 kilogram. 

Comparator, Societe Genevoise pattern. 

Reversible pendulum (made by student). 
In Sound : 

Comparator fork by Koenig. 
In Heat : 

Mercury still (design of Professor Wright). 

Two standard thermometers (Tonnlot). 

Thermopile of 49 pairs. 
Light : 

Spectrometer, 10-inch circle reading to 10'^. 

2-inch ditfraction grating by Rowland. 

Heliostat with two reflections. 

Achromatic lens, 3-inch. 
Electricity and Magnetism : 

Standard 10-ohm coil. 

Wheatstone bridge, Fleming pattern. 

Thomson's centiampere balance. 

Standard galvanometer, meter brass circle. 

Thomson high-resistance galvanometer (made by student). 

Galvanometer for thermal currents. 

Standard Clark cell. 

Standard condenser, i microfarad. 

Standard high-resistance, 100,000 ohms. 

Complete outfit for study of hysteresis (made by student). 

Storage battery of 14 cells. 

Together with many minor valuable pieces by students. 



LIBRARY AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. 



635 



The Gymnasium. 

In 1855 the present gymnasium room was fitted up by the Loganian 
Society. The fact that the gymnasium found any place in the catalogue so 
long ago is, however, significant, and proves that Haverford has, for a long 
time, been liberal to physical development. Very few American colleges had 
any provision for exercise within-doors in 1855. 

In 1881 the room was entirely refitted, and furnished with the apparatus 
of Dr. Sargent, of Harvard University. The following list of apparatus was put 
in at that time : 

12 Chest weights. 

12 Developing appliances. 
1 Horizontal bar. 
1 Vaulting bar. 

Swinging rings. 

Travelling rings. 

1 Vaulting horse. 

2 dozen 2-lb. Indian clubs. 




CHAPTER XIX. 
HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 

Two liundred years lead uj) to thee, 

Thro' steadfast faith and sure suggestion ; 

Two hundred more expectantly 
Wait from thy lips the answered question. — C. E. Pkatt. 

Our narrative is ended, and it only remains for us to 
present a picture of Haverford as it is at the end of the first 
sixty years. Tliere is one phase of the history which we 
have touched but lightly, not only because it is the least 
interesting and the least satisfactory, but also because it is 
a phase which Haverford shares with almost every other 
educational institution. We refer to the financial phase. 
Colleges are not money-making concerns, but money- 
spending. A college flourishes at the cost of its treasury; 
its profit-and-loss account is all debit. It can spend any 
amount of money its benefactors consent to, in adding to its 
educating resources. No class of institutions, therefore, is 
probably more hungry for money, or more constantly poor. 
Haverford is no exception. If the treasurer or the chair- 
man of the Finance Committee, or the chief benefactor were 
to write the history, it would be that of a chain of disasters, 
of a bottomless sink for greenbacks, upon which, as on 
Bunyan's Slough of Despond, thousands of cartloads of 
instruction have been Avasted. Recurrent waves of debt 
and recuperation have beaten upon her shores from the 
beginning of her history. The valuable elders, who were so 

(636) 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 637 

alarmed in 1843 at a debt of a few thousand dollars that they 
abandoned the school in apparent despair, would hold their 
breath with amazement at the sangfroid with which the men 
of '90 faced an indebtedness of quadruple the amount. Fain 
would we here record by name the noble generosity of a few 
steadfast Friends, who, time and again, have put their hands 
in their pockets to relieve the strain on the treasury; but, hap- 
pily, most of them are living, and their modesty forbids us. 
Were there no redeeming assurance of lasting benefit to the 
cause of Truth, sad, indeed, would be the record of the past 
to some of these ; it would then be a story of wasted sub- 
stance. But is money wisely expended in education ever 
wasted, even if lavishly spent? And when thus laid out 
on behalf of a high education to the youthful followers of 
George Fox, and under the control of that small and hum- 
ble sect who accept the Gospel of Christ with the purity and 
simplicity and altruism with which Friends have been wont 
to receive it, what untold good may not be expected to flow 
from the power imparted to these by education? How 
better, indeed, could the stewards of ample fortunes bestow 
their wealth in the loving service of their Master? It may 
not be claimed that no mistakes have been made in the 
expenditure of means at Haverford ; but fallibility belongs to 
humanity; and seldom has money been spent with a more 
sincere desire to do it wisely and well, nor by more sensible 
men. The error is mainly traceable to that vacillation of 
policy consequent upon management by a large and chang- 
ing Board, with whom sometimes one view of things is in the 
ascendant and sometimes another. Among the rest of the im- 
perfections of this history, we will venture to add that of going 
no deeper than we have done into the details of Haver- 
ford finances. Suffice it to say, she has struggled manfully 



(338 HISTORY OF HAVERFOED COLLEGE. 

through all vicissitudes hitherto, and, relying upon Divine 
help, may confidently hope to battle with them successfully 
hereafter; and that her endowment has slowly but steadily 
grown until she has now $220,000 invested and yielding 
income, besides an amount estimated roughly at §000,000 
in the buildings, land, library, museum and appliances. 

We conclude with a short statement of the status of the 
college at the present time, educationally. The last twenty 
years have made a great change in the outward surround- 
ings of Haverford. Instead of being bordered by a series 
of farms, it is now in the midst of a community composed 
largely of business men of Philadelphia, with other groups 
of clerks and artisans in modest cottages. 

From rural, it has' become distinctly suburban. The great 
Pennsylvania Railroad has, probably, made it the most pop- 
ular and rapidly growing of all the settlements on the out- 
skirts of the great city. The college farm is now fringed 
with houses, and the lawn begins to resemble a park in the 
midst of a city. Some of the most imposing villas in the 
neighborhood of Philadelphia are to be seen wdthin the 
radius of a few miles around Haverford : Wootton, the 
beautiful seat of George W. Childs, Henry C. Gibson's 
baronial mansion, and Isaac H. Clothier's, at Wynnewood, 
and many others of great beauty and good taste in their 
architecture and landscape gardening; among them, the 
stately residence of the President of the college corporation, 
and another of one of its most liberal benefactors, may ap- 
propriately be named. 

The wisdom of the founders in securing so large a farm, 
and such excellent water-rights, is now abundantly mani- 
fest, and if none of it is parted with, as we trust may never 
be the case, the healthy growth of the college will never be 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 



639 



cramped for want of room. There is a latent satisfaction in 
knowing that the land has so greatly increased in value, 
that the sale of a small part of it only would liquidate 
any indebtedness likely to accumulate against the corpora- 
tion, and another suspension may be considered out of the 
question. 

Haverford College, at the present time, has twenty-one 
names on its list of officers — b}'^ a singular coincidence the 




WOOTTON, KESIDENCE OF GEORGE W. CHILDS. 



same number as that of the students at the opening of the 
school. Of these, one resides at Cambridge, England, and 
gives some instruction by correspondence ; three are assist- 
ants doing but little teaching, three have other occupations, 
visiting the college but a few hours weekly. The other 
fourteen give their whole time to the college. The duties 



640 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

and educational history of the officers may be partly obtained 
from the following table : 

ISAAC SHARPLESS, S.B. (Harvard), Sc. D. (University of Pennsylvania), 
LL.D. (Swarthmore), President and Professor of Ethics. 

ALLEN C. THOMAS, A.B. and A.M. (Haverford), Librarian and Professor 
of History and PoUticcd Science. 

LYMAN B. HALL, A.B. (Amherst), A.M. and Ph. D. (Gottingen), Professor 
of Chemistri/. 

SETH K. GIFFOED, A.B. and A.M. (Haverford), Professor of Greek. 

J. RENDEL HARRIS, A.B. and A.M. (Cambridge, England), non-resident 
Professor of Bible Languages and Ecclesiastical History. 

MYRON R. SANFORD, A.B. and A.M. (Wesleyan University), Professor of 
Latin. 

LEVI T. EDWARDS, A.B. and A.M. (Haverford), Professor of Engineering. 

WILLIAM COFFIN LADD, A.B. and A.M. (Brown), Professor of French. 

FRANCIS B. GUMMERE, A.B. and A.M. (Haverford), A..B. (Harvard), 
Ph.D. (Freiburg), Professor of English and German. 

FRANK MORLEY, A.B. and A.M. (Cambridge, Eng.), Professor of Mathe- 
matics. 

FRANCIS P. LEAVENWORTH, A.B. and A.M. (Indiana), Director of the 
Observatory. 

WINFIELD SCOTT HALL, S.B. andS.M. (Northwestern University), M.D. 
(Chicago), Instructor in Biology and Instructor in Physical Training. 

ERNEST WILLIAM BROWN, A.B. and A.M. (Cambridge, England), In- 
structor in Mathematics. 

JOSEPH OSGOOD THOMPSON, A.B. (Amherst), Ph.D. (Strasburg), /«- 
structor in Physics. 

GEORGE H. BICKFORD, A.B. (Wesleyan), Instructor in English and in 
Physical Training. 

J. H. BECHTEL, Instructor in Elocution. 

GEORGE A. BARTON, A.B. and A.M. (Haverford), A.M. and Ph.D. (Har- 
vard), Instructor in Bible Languages. 

ROBERT S. DeBOW, Ph.D. (University of Pennsylvania), Instructor in 
Philosophy. 

JONATHAN MO WRY STEERE, A.B. (Haverford), Secretary of the College. 
WILLIAM li. COLLINS, S.B. (Haverford), Assistant in the Observatory. 
J. WETIIERILL HUTTON, S.B. (Haverford), Assistant in the Library. 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 



641 



There are 102 students, divided as follows : 
Graduates 
Seniors . 
Juniors . 
Sophomores . 
Freshmen 



9 
21 

20 
26 
26 



Of the graduates four are Fellows — one being sent up by 
each of the Friends' Colleges — Haverford, Earlham, Penn, 
and Wilmington. The others are our own graduates, except 
one, who received his Bachelor's Degree at Harvard. They 
are required to give at least three-fourths of their energies 
to their major subject and to meet the Professors at least five 
hours a week in lecture or recitation. Five of the graduates 
are taking mathematical or physical subjects as majors, 
three English, and one Greek. Should they satisfy their 
examiners, they will, at the end of the year, receive the 
degree of Master of Arts. 

Of the undergraduates 45 are taking the classical course, 
32 the scientific, and 14 the course in mechanical engineer- 
ing. Having elected a course, there is no choice of subjects 
allowed during the first two years. The course rigidly de- 
fines their work. About one-third of their Junior studies 
and four-fifths of their Senior studies are elective. These 
studies are chosen from a list offered by the Faculty, and 
frequently after consultation with the President and Pro- 
fessors. This plan having, in some cases, the effect to induce 
too discursive a course, at the beginning of the present year 
an " Honor" system was introduced, which encourages con- 
centration upon one subject or two closely related. Special 
examinations may be used b}'- the Professors, to determine 
the choice of Honor men, who, because of the high standard 
it is proposed to maintain, will probably not be very plenti- 
41 



642 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

ful. It is not easy to say in what direction the trend of 
scholastic interest lies — Mathematics, Classics, English 
Studies and Science, all have their votaries. 

The gradual tendency toward specialization, noticeable 
for several years, is having the result of making better 
scholars than ever before in all dejDartments. Take, for in- 
stance. Mathematics ; of the graduates, Seniors and Juniors, 
about one-fourth are taking mathematical courses, and 
among them will be found students at least two years in 
advance of the best Haverford could show" twenty years ago. 
In the same way the classical scholars are better than the 
best of old times. But the mathematical scholars know less 
classics and the classical scholars less mathematics than 
under the former regime. The advantage of this is that 
more real scholarly interest is maintained in the chosen 
"major subject," and Professors, who are themselves special- 
ists, are stimulated to better work. 

There is, of late years, a greater tendency than of old to 
take graduate courses, either at Haverford or at Harvard or 
Johns Hopkins. Our best students have often expressed the 
opinion that one year may be profitably spent at Haverford, 
after graduation, in certain departments. The Faculty use 
very little argument to retain students after graduation. 
After having spent four years with us, they know what they 
can get, and, if they elect to stay, we give them our best efforts. 
If they prefer to try their chances at a university we send 
them on, with good wishes and credentials. After one 
year we, in many cases, give them positive encouragement 
to seek higher instruction elsewhere. 

The presence of graduate students in the classes and 
about the college has an effect to raise the tone of under- 
graduate work. Relieved from many of the restrictions, as 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 643 

to required attendance, etc., which seem necessary for their 
juniors, they have loyally entered into the spirit of Haver- 
ford life, and constitute an element we would regret to see 
eliminated. 

The four Fellows coming from our Friends' colleges will, 
it is hoped, tend to promote harmony of interest among 
scholarly Quakers. Of the three that come yearly from the 
West some return to teach. The acquaintances formed 
here, with Professors and fellow-students, and the oppor- 
tunity given us to judge of the quality of results obtained 
in the West, will foster good feeling and good fellowship, 
which may have their effect on the solution of religious 
as well as educational problems. 

The graduate students of recent years, whom Haverford 
has sent to universities, have, in almost every case, done 
credit to the college. They have won open fellowships 
and scholarships at Harvard and Johns Hopkins, and 
have led large classes in the Law and Medical schools 
of the University of Pennsylvania. Their success as 
teachers has been no less marked, and an increasing feeling 
exists that Haverford men, when they enter upon scholarly 
pursuits, are expected to place themselves in the upper 
ranks. This is due largely to the self-sacrificing habits of 
work they develop, and the enthusiasm for scholarship, 
which close contact with the Professors begets in the best 
of them. 

Many of our graduates enter into mercantile, banking, 
railroad and other businesses. Their reputation as men of 
energy, foresight and probity is an honorable one. In the 
discharge of their duties as citizens they have taken a large 
share in unofficial public life, and no reform measure has 
been passed in Philadelphia of recent times without the 



644 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

active co-operation of a large number, relatively, of Haver- 
ford men. The experience in college politics, in athletic 
and literary associations, the wholesome ethical principles 
instilled during their course, and the sound intellectual 
training, may be the factors which have produced this 
result. 

The old-fashioned "recitation" is not so ubiquitous as in 
old times at Haverford. The liour with the Professor may 
be spent in listening to his lecture on the subject under con- 
sideration ; it may be spent in a free discussion, which he 
will direct — the object being to develop in the student intel- 
ligent thought ; it may be spent in an examination of pre- 
vious lectures, or of parts of a text-book, or in testing the 
students' powers of original work ; or it may be spent in 
answering questions, one after another, to determine how 
accurately the student has studied his assigned lesson. All 
of these have their places, depending on the subject and the 
peculiarities of the teacher. 

A reckoning of results takes place four times a year. 
Students are grouped, in each subject, in proportion to 
their proficiency. The old system of strict ranking has 
been abolished, and every student has the chance to 
secure a place in the highest group. The exaltation of 
one does not involve the degradation of another. The final 
promotion of the student to his next class or to a degree 
depends on his terminal examinations, conducted in state, 
in Chase Hall. 

The library is a great power in the educational work. 
There is probably less discursive reading done than for- 
merly, and this is, in some respects, to be regretted. But 
there is more systematic reading in connection with the 
work of the class-room. A subject is assigned for study. 



HAVERFOKD AT SIXTY. 645 

authorities are mentioned, and the librarian has a good 
chance to know the trend of class-room work in any depart- 
ment by the calls for literature. A student's " major subject" 
will also frequently make demands on his interest which 
the Professor will not supply, and the library comes to the 
rescue ; while the themes, prize orations, Junior and Com- 
mencement orations, are evolved partly out of the books in 
Alumni Hall, and not solely from the students' brains. 

The daily life of a Haverford student usually begins about 
7 o'clock in the morning, when the first bell rings. At 7.15 
breakfast is announced, and from this time until 8 there is 
a stream of stragglers from Barclay Hall toward the dining- 
room in old Founders'. At 8.30, 9.30, 10.30 and 11.30 bells 
announce the beginning of "recitation hours," which con- 
tinue after a 12.45 lunch at 1.30, 2 and 3. No one student 
will be called out at all these hours, though he may be at 
any of them; about 16 hours a week constituting his allotted 
time. In estimating this, in the case of laboratory work 
drawing and such things, 2J hours are counted as equiva,- 
lent to one hour of recitation, and the greater part of this is 
placed from 1.30 to 4 in the afternoon. 

From 4 to 6 is sacred to recreation. A finer sight is sel- 
dom seen than the grounds at these hours, on some fine day 
in spring or Fall. Football in autumn or cricket in spring 
takes the prominent place, while tennis games and cricket 
practice occupy every available smooth piece of turf. In 
the winter months gymnasium work (and it is work required 
of Sophomores and Freshmen) with coasting and skating, 
when the elements are favorable, and cricket practice in the 
shed, occupy the time. 

At 6 o'clock comes dinner, a substantial meal, to which 
the preceding two hours of exercise enable the students to do 



646 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



full justice. Then follows the long evening in Barclay Hall, 
broken at 8.50 by the collection, when a chapter in the 
Bible is read and occasionally a few words spoken by some 
one of the officers. After the collection is a favorite time for 
college meetings, class meetings, meetings of athletic associa- 
tions, and the numerous other affairs necessary to sustain 
the various organizations which the life of the college seems 




SKATING POND. 



to require. Once a week the members of the literary 
societies meet in Alumni Hall; and lectures to the college 
are frequently delivered during the winter months. It is no 
wonder that those alumni, who have entered into the spirit 
of this life, look back with enthusiasm to its varied interests, 
so full of zest to the growing young man. 

The increased number of Professors enables each man to 
give more time to his subject than formerl3\ From twelve 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 647 

to sixteen hours with his class, and additional time for tlie 
scientific men in the laboratories, is about the weekly duty 
which the college expects. An indefinite but large amount 
of additional work is necessary to keep pace with the needs 
of his department and the growth of his subject. The addi- 
tions to the corps have not diminished the labors of the indi- 
vidual Professors, which are probably more strenuous than 
ever, but they have allowed him to concentrate them. They 
. have also permitted the college to seek authorities in given 
subjects, rather than mere teachers, who could satisfactorily 
handle the elements of many branches ; and the growth of 
strong scholarship in a few individuals is probably more due 
to this cause than to any other. 

There can be no doubt that games occupy a large space 
in the life and thoughts of the average Haverfordian. The 
present administration claims that this needs no justification. 
The harm of games, if there be harm, consists not in any- 
thing inherently demoralizing, but in the lowering of scho- 
lastic and moral tone of the participants or spectators. 
Results of this sort have been carefully looked for and have 
not seriously manifested themselves. Games in their organi- 
zation and in their execution are a mental discipline, 
involving forethought, judgment of men and capacity for 
executive management. They are a moral discipline, de- 
veloping fairness, self-control, courtesy to opponents, and the 
ability to face defeat with grace and heroism. Their j^hysical 
advantages are unquestioned. In the face of these facts 
it has been the recent polic}'' of the Haverford management 
to attempt to secure these advantages by positive sympathy, 
involving also control, rather than by simply negative leg- 
islation, involving also discouragement. The spectacle of a 
lot of gameless young men, wandering with canes over the 



648 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

grounds, or haunting secluded places with cigarettes and 
low talk is SO dreadful, that even were the evils of games 
more pronounced we should probably make them the choice 
of evils. Their advantages in developing moralit}'^ and 
driving out vice can only be appreciated b}'^ those who have 
kept in touch with undergraduate life in America during 
the past score of years. 

After entering college in the autumn the first sport is foot- 
ball. The prospects of the team are eagerl}^ discussed. The 
physique of new men is carefully scanned, to determine their 
possibilities. Information concerning the make-up of teams 
in rival colleges is passed from mouth to mouth. Train- 
ing — which consists in regular exercise — hygienic diet at 
separate tables in the dining-room, and practising the " arts " 
of the game, begins almost with the first day. The Mana- 
ger in the meantime is arranging his matches and the Cap- 
tain keeps himself awake to choose the best available eleven. 
Presently serious work begins, as many as a dozen match 
games with outside elevens being usually played, and the 
football thermometer rises or falls with every victory or 
defeat. The culmination is the Swarthmore game, when 
interest rises to a fever heat. 

In the spring, cricket takes the place of football. If the 
game has certain inherent disadvantages, these are more 
than compensated for by its merits and its undisputed gen- 
tlemanliness and the high tone which pervades it. Hence 
one can watch its development at Haverford with unquali- 
fied satisfaction. Harvard and the University of Pennsyl- 
vania are the only other institutions which have elevens, 
and the championship must lie among the three. And that 
Haverford, out of her one hundred students, has been able to 
train elevens which will meet on nearly equal grounds the 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 



G49 



tremendously excessive resources of these great universities, 
shows the interest and zeal of our students in the game. 
Baseball languishes ; field and track athletics are somewhat 
of a burden ; tennis interests centre in a minority ; but foot- 
ball and cricket, by a process of selection, are recognized as 
distinctively Haverford games. 

Every one knows that the foundation of Haverford was, 




RESIDENCE OF F. B. GUMMERE. 



as was tersely expressed by one of its founders, " a guarded 
education in the higher branches," and that, throughout 
its history, the preservation of morals and the development 
of spiritual life were two great objects of its existence, to 
which intellectual matters were held subordinate. 

Should any one ask whether recent changes in its disci- 
pline had interfered with these ideas, the answer would be — 
as to objects— no; as to methods — yes. The restrictions 



650 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

which hedged in the old generation of Haverfordians have 
largely passed away. Regular attendance at college ap- 
i:)ointments, recitations, lectures, meetings, etc., and (with an 
allowance of " cuts"^ in the upper classes) the evening col- 
lection, is still secured ; but the students are not required 
to study at particular hours, to go to bed on the ringing of 
the bell, or, if they choose to do without breakfast, to get up 
at a definite hour. It is much easier to leave college than for- 
merly, and no system of policing is employed to detect of- 
fenders. Now what has been the effect of this? It is true that 
disorderly disturbances still occasionally occur, but they are 
less frequent and less malicious than formerly, and a grow- 
ing feeling of self-responsibility is yearly making them less 
generally popular. It is true that moral weakness still exists, 
but it is the opinion of those who have known the old Hav- 
erford and the new, that gross immorality was never more 
rare than now, that our students are remarkably clean and 
honest in their lives, and that a new student from a good 
home is rarel}^, if ever, led astray. If vice exists, it is not 
a thing to be known ; it is confined to a few, who keep it 
secret, not only from the officers, but largely from their 
fellow-students. 

The era of influence has succeeded the era of restriction, 
and is proving no less effective. Young men of the charac- 
ter and age we draw together are amenable to common 
sense and Christian appeal. A quiet separation from the 
college — usually at vacation time — of students who seem 
likely to be incorrigible or injurious, is almost the only 

^ It may be explained to the uninitiated that " cuts" or absences from col- 
lections and recitations, which are allowed in the upper classes, without the 
necessity of obtaining special permission, are quite limited in number, 
and are intended to cover cases whicli, while not strictly unavoidable, are 
J ustifiable. 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 651 

penalty; but many a private and public appeal is made 
before this resort is used. 

The feeling that the Professors are not policemen has 
had a happy effect in drawing together officers and students 
in sympathetic relations to each other. One is not waiting 
to detect delinquencies, the other not fearful of opening his 
mouth, lest he should inform of his own or his fellows' mis- 
deeds. A healthy and unconstrained intercourse may be 
developed, and the intellectual and moral weight of a Pro- 
fessor's character may have its full effect. That this influ- 
ence tells for good in many cases — assisting to keep the col- 
lege tone high and pure — must be acknowledged by those 
who know Haverford in recent times. The "guards" of the 
Founders still exist in all their efficacy, but in a different 
form. 

We presume nine-tenths of the original Managers of 
Haverford would have said that in a purely secular edu- 
cation they had but little interest, and would make but 
slight sacrifices for it, and that nine-tenths of the present 
Managers would say so to-day. The religious idea is per- 
manently engrafted on the place. Here, again, the form 
has changed. The "peculiarities" of Friends, in dress and 
language, have largely departed, but we trust that the life 
of Quakerism is far from extinct. Every Fifth day morn- 
ing the students still wend their way to the old Meeting 
House and sit amid reverent silence, unless the Divine 
Spirit brings forth words from the mouth of some faithful 
servant. To some these meetings are doubtless irksome, 
but the totality of their effects, in four years of life, is, 
in many cases, a strong power, making for righteousness, 
and spirituality and simplicity in worship. 

The weekly meetings of the Young Men's Christian 



652 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Association are voluntaril}^ attended by a number varying 
from one-fourtli to one-third of the wliole body of students 
and not unfrequently by some of the Professors. Its mem- 
bers do considerable self-sacrificing work for poor people of 
the neighborhood and of Philadelphia, and the principle of 
a religious responsibility for education and position is fully 
recognized. If the vacation influences of students were as 
good as the college influences, the spark of spiritual life 
would enkindle with a brighter glow. 

The evening collections also have their effect, and the 
weekly Scripture classes, which long made Haverford 
unique among colleges, but which now many are adopting, 
in the hands of learned and gifted men help to keep prom- 
inent the fundamental religious idea. The simple forms 
of the Society of Friends lend themselves readily to the 
double object we have to strive for. We wish to make the 
Friends among our students more loyal, and more intelli- 
gently and aggressively devoted to the principles of their 
religious connection ; and we wish to make those who are 
not Friends more spiritual and more earnest in the faith 
which they profess. Moreover, we want to accomplish these 
objects without emphasizing religious differences and de- 
stroying the delightful community of feeling which now 
exists. We have an idea that the solution of all these and 
similar problems rests on an increase of real, unfeigned re- 
ligious vitality, and that if we can have raised high enough 
the spiritual plane, all good things will follow. 

What will Haverford develop into in the future? He 
would be a rash man who would attempt to answer defi- 
nitely this question ; and yet they who are shaping its present 
must have some ideal toward which they desire to work. 
Perhaps this ideal may be summarized somewhat as fol- 
lows : Haverford aspires to be a place which will supply the 



HAVERFORD AT SIXTY. 653 

conditions for the best mental, physical and spiritual de- 
velopment of the individual student. It is not aiming to 
rival in numbers any other institution. We have faith the 
college will grow, but we would make it meritorious first, 
and large afterward. We would study the conditions under 
which the greatest and most useful men are produced, and, 
one by one, gather them together. We do not wish to for- 
get any side of the developing man. There seems to be no 
fear for his physique in our healthy location, regular life 
and sanitary arrangements. A careful selection of great 
scholars and inspiring teachers must look after his mind. 
His character must be built up by forceful men, and this 
trait must count heavily in the selection of Professors ; and 
his religious life must be fostered — it cannot be created — by 
surroundings and influences which make for reverence and 
spirituality, and a belief in and dependence upon Divine 
assistance. 

All the different elements of college life must be welded 
together in strong fellow-feeling. The officers and students 
must have their proper influence on each other, and keep 
each other alert and growing. Vigor must be thrown into 
every phase of intellectual and athletic life, and there must 
be no room for either libertinism or mere dilettanteism. 
Liberality and broad thinking must prevail; all that is best 
in contemporary literature and thought must pass before our 
view. Earnest advocacy of what is good and right and true 
must become a duty, and the men who go out from Haver- 
ford must contain a large proportion of real reformers. 

A state of things approximating this ideal need not be 
relegated to the very distant future. With the continued 
assistance and co-operation of Managers, alumni and Faculty, 
another decade ought to show for Haverford as much pro- 
gress as the preceding six combined. 



654 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



" If this institution did not offer all the advantages of 
elder and prouder seminaries, its deficiencies were com- 
pensated to its students by the inculcation of regular habits, 
and of a deep and awful sense of religion, which seldom 
deserted them in their course through life. The mild and 
gentle rule was more destructive to vice than a sterner 
sway ; and, though youth is never without its follies, they 
have seldom been more harmless than they were here. 

" The students, indeed, ignorant of their own bliss, some- 
times wished to hasten the time of their entrance on the 
business of life ; but they found, in after-years, that many 
of their happiest remembrances — many of the scenes which 
they would with least reluctance live over again — referred 
to the seat of their early studies." — Hawthorne on Bow^- 
DOiN College. 



LIST OF STUDENTS 



The Opening, loth month 26th, 1833, to the End of the 

College Year 1890-1891, with the dates of entrance 

and present or recent addresses. 

t Allen, Marma>luke W 1835 

t Arnold, Wm. D 1837 

t Adams, Justus C 1838 

Ashbridge, Abram S. . . . Downingtown, Pa 1838 

Adams, Samuel F 1841 

t Aldrich, Joseph W 1843 

Atwater, Joseph H Providence, R. 1 1849 

Arlhur, Frederick, Jr. ... St. Louis, Mo. . . 1850 

Allen, Gideon New Bedford, Mass 1860 

+ Aeton, Thomas W 1852 

Alderson, William Charles. 228 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1854 

fAngell, Franklin . , 1860 

t Ashbridge, William 1860 

Ashbridge, George . - . . W. Whiteland, Pa ". 1863 

t Ashbridge, John 1863 

Abbott, Charles T Trenton, N. J 1865 

Ashbridge, Eichard . . . . U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C 1868 

Allinson, Edward Pease . . 726 Drexel Building, Philadelphia . . . 1870 

Allinson, Francis G. . . . Williams College, Mass 1873 

Anderson, Isaac W Tacoma, Washington 1873 

Allen, John Henry .... Montrose, Cal 1881 

Adams, Jay Howe .... 252 S. 17th St., Philadelphia 1883 

Angell, Edward Mott . . . S. Glenn's Falls, N. Y 1886 

Auchincloss, James Stuart . Bryn Mawr, Pa 1886 

Audenreid, William Grattan 15 Wall St., New York 1887 

Alger, Harry Student at the college . .... 1888 

•f- Barnes, Jonathan 1833 

+ Brown, Wm. A 1833 

Bowne, John 79 Fourth Ave., New York ..... 1834 

Bowne, Robert 124 Pearl St., New York 1834 

Burson, David S Richmond, Ind 1834 

(655) 



650 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

tBirdsall, William J 1835 

t Birdsall, Thomas W 1835 

Bishop, Jolin, Jr Columbus, N. J 1835 

Baker, Isaac S 1836 

Baily, Thomas L Atlantic City, N. J 1836 

Balderston, Lloyd Colora, Cecil Co., Md 1837 

+ Brown, Thos. S 1837 

i- Bunker, Nathan, Jr 1837 

+ Bines, William H 1838 

i-Buftun, Benjamin 1839 

Bullock, Wm. K Wilmington, Del 1839 

Barker, Benjamin Tiverton, E. 1 1840 

t Bacon, Joseph K 1840 

Brown, David S., Jr Haddington, Philadelphia 1841 

Bullock, Charles 528 Arch St., Philadelphia 1841 

t Brown, Stephen . 1842 

i" Brown, Moses, Jr 1842 

-f- Brown, J. Johnson 1842 

t Birdsall, Zephaniah 1844 

t Birdsall, Nathan D 1844 

Barrow, Henry H Cliappaqua, N. Y. . 1844 

t Beesley, Theophilus 1845 

-{*Brinton, George 1848 

Brinton, Thos. H Chadd's Ford, Delaware Co., Pa 1848 

■{-Brooke, Nathan 1849 

t Brinton Charles 1849 

Bailey, Jos. L Pine Iron Works, Berks Co., Pa 1849 

Bailey, Thos. C. J. .... 49 N. 9th St., Newark, N. J 1850 

t Brad ford, James C 1852 

tBettle, Samuel 1852 

t Brown, J. Howell 1852 

Beesley, Bartholomew W. . Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1852 

Brooke, Lewis T 18 S. Broad St., Philadelphia 1852 

Brooke, Francis M, . . . . 1616 Summer St., Philadelphia 1852 

Brooke, Alfred Norristown, Pa ]854 

Burgess, Thomas H Highland, Ulster Co., New York .... 1855 

Bacon, Morris Greenwich, N. J 1855 

t Brown, Wm. H., Jr 1855 

Brooke, Benjamin .... 700 Franklin St., Philadelphia 1856 

Broomall, William B. . . . Chester, Pa 1856 

t Bettle, Charles 1857 

Bettle, Edward, Jr 514 Walnut St., Philadelhia 1857 

tBettle, Henry 1857 

Battey, Thomas J Friends' School, Providence, R. 1 1859 

Bacon, George W 209 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1859 

t Barney, William n. 1859 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 657 

Brown, Edward T Swarthmore, Pa 1861 

Bringhurst, John R Newport, Del 1861 

Brown, Henry C. ... 425 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1862 

t Beck, Charles B 1863 

Brown, James Stuart . . . Pittsburgh, Pa 1866 

Brown, Henry Graham . . Pittsburgh, Pa 1867 

Bangs, William 126 N. Front St., Philadelphia 1870 

Bullock, John G. ..... 528 Arch St., Philadelphia , . 1871 

Bispham, Edward Koons. . 443 Marshall St., Philadelphia 1871 

Bispham, David Scull ... 19 Kensington Gore, London, England . 1872 

Brown, Alonzo 1416 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1873 

Baily, Frederick L 16 Strawberry St., Philadelphia 1873 

t Bell, Charles Dutilh 1873 

Black, John M. L Bryn Mawr, Pa 1873 

Baily, Henry Newton Centre, Mass 1874 

Baily, Albert Lang .... 16 Strawberry St., Philadelphia 1874 

Brown, T. Wistar, Jr. . . . 236 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1874 

Bispham, Samuel, Jr. . . . 443 Marshall St., Philadelphia 1875 

Beezley, James Yazoo City, Miss - . 1876 

Bachman, Frank Eshleman Strasburg, Lancaster Co., Pa 1876 

Bines, David Adams .... Cincinnati, 1876 

Brede, Cliarles Frederic . . Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1877 

Blair, William Allen . . . Winston, N. C 1877 

Bishop, William Walnford, N. J 1878 

Brinton, Walter 4624 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia . . 1879 

Blanchard, John Bellefonte, Pa 1879 

Briggs, Frank E Winthrop, Me 1879 

Barton, George A Bryn Mawr College, Pa 1879 

Baily, Wm. L 16 Strawberry St., Philadelphia 1880 

Butler, Frederick C. .... 609 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1880 

Bates, Orren William . . . Oneco, Conn 1881 

Bettle, Samuel Haverford, Pa 1881 

Baily, Charles W 16 Strawberry St., Philadelphia 1881 

Blair, John J Winston, N. C 1881 

Brick, Jos. C 208 S. 36th St., Philadelphia 1881 

Brooke, Benjamin Fort Leavenworth, Kan 1881 

Bartlett, J. Henry 1616 Cherry St., Philadelphia 1881 

Buffum, Edward Providence, R. 1 1881 

Bacon, John . . . . . . . 140 N. 20th St., Philadelphia 1881 

Belts, Thomas Wade .... Denver, Colo 1881 

Brooke, H. Jones Media, Pa 1881 

Barr, Ernest Kirby .... 3901 Chestnut St 1883 

Bedell, Charles Hampton. . Swarthmore, Pa 1883 

Brooks, Edward, Jr 1437 N. 16th St., Philadelphia 1884 

Bowne, Howland ..... 124 Pearl St., New York 1884 

Binns, Edward Hussey . . . Pittsburgh, Pa 1884 

42 



658 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Binns, Kalph Holden . . . Pittsburgh, Pa 1884 

Beidelman, Lawrence P. . . Little Rock, Ark 1884 

t Baily, Arthur Hallam 1885 

Battey, Charles H 109 Lippitt St., Providence, K. T 1885 

Bond, Frank Edward, Jr. . Germantown, Philadelphia 1885 

Banes, Eobert Coleman . . 2021 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia . . 1886 

Branson, Thomas Franklin . 3214 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1886 

Burr, Charles Henry, Jr. . . 3956 Pine St., Philadelphia 1886 

Baily, Henry Paul .... 16 Strawberry St., Philadelphia 1886 

Butler, George Thomas . . West Chester, Pa 1886 

Bringhurst, Henry Eyan, Jr. Wilmington, Del 1887 

Blair, David Hunt .... Student at the College 1887 

Brinton, Christian Frederick Student at the College 1888 

Brumbaugh, I. Harvey . . Student at the College 1889 

Bailey, Leslie Adelbert . . Student at the College 1889 

Beclitel, Harry Oliver ... Pottsville, Pa 1889 

Brinton, Horace West Chester, Pa 1889 

Brown, John Farnum . . . Student at the College 1890 

Blair,AugustineWilberforce Student at the College 1890 

Busselle, Alfred Student at the College 1890 

Byers, Lawrence Marshall . U. S. Consulate, St. Gall, Switzerland . . . 1890 

Beale, Horace Alexander, Jr. Student at the College 1890 

t Collins, Henry H 1833 

Collins, Alfred M. . . ■ . . 527 Arch St., Philadelphia 1833 

-f-Canby, Roberts 1833 

Collins, John 602 N. 43d St., Philadelphia 1833 

+ Clapp, Isaac H 1834 

fCollins, Thomas A 1834 

+ Cowperthwait, Thomas C 1834 

+ Cowperthwait, Edwin 1834 

Cock, Thomas F. 233 Madison Avenue, New York 1834 

Collins, Benjamin, Jr. ... 103 E. 36th St., New York 1834 

Collins, Frederick 1918 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1834 

Cope, Francis R Germantown, Philadelphia 1835 

Cope, Thomas P Germantown, Philadelphia 1835 

Carey, James 301 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md. . . . 1835 

fCoates, Joseph P. H 1835 

•f Collins, Francis 1835 

i" Cromwell, Henry 1835 

t Cobb, William A 1830 

t Crenshaw, John B 1837 

Cadbury, Richard . . . . 773 Drexel Building, Philadelphia . . • . 1837 

Canby, William Wilmington, Del 1837 

Collins, Isaac 1225 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1837 

Coale, James Carey .... 27 South St., Baltimore, Md 1838 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 659 

+ Chase, George Hazen 1838 

•f- Coale, Isaac, Jr. 1841 

tCadbury, William W 1844 

Crenshaw, Edmund A. . . . 528 Arch St., Philadelphia 1844 

f Crew, Benjamin J 1844 

•f- Chase, George Rowland 1848 

Coale, Thomas E Care of Bradstreet's Agency, Baltimore, Md. 1848 

t Cope, Samuel B 1848 

tClapp, John, Jr 1848 

Cadbury, John W 1134 Eidge Avenue, Philadelphia .... 1849 

tCorbit, William F 1849 

Corbit, John C Odessa, Del. 1849 

Chase, William H., Jr. . . Union Springs, N, Y 1850 

Clark, Dougan Richmond, Ind. 1850 

•jr Canby, Samuel, Jr 1850 

•f- Cooper, Lehman A 1851 

Cooper, John 232 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1851 

Crew, Peter J 2712 E. Franklin St., Richmond, Va, . . 1851 

t Crew, Jno. H 1851 

i- Cresson, J. Clarence 1852 

Comfort, Jonathan J. . . . Chicago, Ills •- 1852 

Cadbury, Joel 1134 Eidge Ave., Philadelphia 1852 

Cheyney, Jesse S 649 N. 44th St., Philadelphia 1853 

Collins, Stephen G 228 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1853 

Crew, William H 217 E. Main St., Richmond, Va 1853 

+ Crowe, Samuel 1853 

Carmalt, James E Scranton, Pa 1853 

Colket, William W 2037 Chestnut St., Philadelphia .... 1854 

Cooper, Samuel C Cooper's Point, Camden, N. J 1854 

Clark, Thomas Webster, Ind 1854 

Cope, Edgar Overbrook, P. O., Pa 1854 

t Comstock, Nathan F . 1855 

Cromwell, James W. . . . 29-Brevoort Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. . • . 1855 

fCorlies, William M. 1855 

t Chase, Richard W ■ 1856 

t Corbit, William B 1856 

+ Clark, Lindley M . 1857 

Coates, Henry Troth ... 900 Chestnut St., Philadelphia .... 1858 

tCox, Robert B ,. 1858 

Coates, George M., Jr. . . . 127 Market St., Philadelphia 1859 

Coates, William M. .... 127 Market St., Philadelphia ....... 1859 

Corbit, Daniel W Odessa, Del 1860 

Coates, Edward H. ... 116 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1860 

Cooper, Howard M 106 Market St., Camden, N. J. 1861 

tClapp, Samuel H ,. , 1861 

Chase, James A L. V. E. R., Hazelton, Pa 1862 



060 HISTORY OF IIAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Cloud, J. Cooper 1544 Centennial Ave., Philadelphia . . . 1862 

Coles, Isaac W EUisbnrg, N. J 1862 

Carpenter, S. Preston . . Salem, N. J 1863 • 

Congdon, Samuel H. . . . 1312 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md 1803 

Chase, Robert H Norristown, Pa 1863 

Collins, Samuel Craft . . . Chappaqua, N. Y 1863 

Coles, David B Lumberton, N. J 1863 

Coffin, Elijali 194 Gresham House, London, E. C, Eng . 1864 

Clark, William Penn . . . Centre Valley, Ind 1864 

Crenshaw, Nathaniel Bacon . Girard Building, Philadelphia 1864 

Cook, Edward H N. Vassalborough, Me 1864 

+ Cope, Alexis T 1864 

Cope, Henry Germantown, Philadelphia 1864 

Congdon, Johns Hopkins . Providence, E. I - . 1865 

Carey, Thomas Kimber . . 827 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md 1866 

Comfort, Howard ..... 529 Arch St., Philadelphia 1866 

Carey, John E 17 W. German St., Baltimore, Md. . . . 1867 

Coale, Alford Gable .... New York City 1867 

+ Comfort, William 1868 

Cadbury, Eichard T. . . . 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1868 

Carey, James, Jr 26 Light St., Baltimore, Md 1869 

t Chase, William B 1869 

Clark, Charles G Bessbrook, Ireland 1869 

Cope, Thomas Pirn, Jr. . . Germantown, Philadelphia 1869 

Comfort, James Cooper . . Knox St., Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1870 

Colton, Eeuben 28 Queen St., Worcester, Mass 1872 

Cope, Alfred . Chew St., Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1872 

t Congdon, Gilbert Arnold 1873 

Carey, Francis King . . . 301 Charles St., Baltimore, Md 1874 

Comfort, Edward Thomas . 529 Arch St., Philadelphia 1874 

Crosman, Charles S Haverford College, Pa. . . 1875 

Cope, Francis Hazen . . . . Chew St., Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1876 

Cox, Charles Ehvood . . . San Jose, Cal 1876 

Corbit, Alexander Peterson . Odessa, Del 1876 

Carey, A. Morris 26 Light St., Baltimore, Md 1877 

Chase, William Cromwell . Care Thos. Chase, Providence, E. I. . . . 1877 

Collins, William Henry . . Haverford College, Pa 1877 

Cook, Joseph Horace . . 713 Filbert St., Philadelphia ..... 1877 

Cox, Isaac Milton San Jose, Cal 1878 

Coffin, John E Los Angeles, Cal 1878 

Corbit, Daniel Odessa, Del 1878 

Crosman, George Loring . . Swampscott, Mass 1878 

Craig, Andrew Catherwood . Aldine Hotel, Chestnut ^t., Philadelphia. 1878 

Gates, Edward E Dundee, N. Y 1880 

Cates, Horace G Santa Monica, Cal. 1880 

Collin.s, Stephen W Purchase, N. Y. 1879 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 661 

Chase, T. Herbert Care Thos. Chase, Providence, R. I. . . . 1880 

Clothier, John B 34th St. & Powelton Ave., Philadelphia . 1880 

Collins, Benjamin Purchase, N, Y 1881 

Carmalt, C. Churchill . . . Scranton, Pa 1882 

Cassatt, Edward Buchanan . Haverford, Pa 1883 

Chase, Alfred Care Thos. Chase, Providence, R. I. . . . 1883 

Chillman, Edward Fenimore Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia 1883 

Cope, Alban Gerraantown, Philadelphia 1884 

Corbit, John Cowgill, Jr. . Odessa, Del 1884 

Clement, Allen Ballinger . Camden, N. J 1885 

Collins, Frederick, Jr. . . . 1918 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1885 

Causey, Foster Milford, Del 1885 

Causey, Trusten Polk . . . Milford, Del 1885 

Cox, Exum Morris .... Echo, Oregon 1886 

CofBn, Thomas Amory . . . Phrenixville, Pa 1886 

Conard, Henry Noi-man • • Philadelphia, Pa. . 1886 

Cabo, Angel R Mexico 1887 

Cottrell, Charles Thurston . Student at the College 1887 

Canby, William Marriott . Wilmington, Del 1887 

Bryn Mawr, Pa. . . 1887 

Care A. B. Morton & Sons, Baltimore, Md. 1888 

Student at the College . . 1888 

Upland, Pa. . 1888 

Student at the College 1889 

Student at the College 1889 

Student at the College 1890 

Student at the College 1890 

Student at the College 1890 

Student at the College 1890 

Student at the College 1890 

Student at the College 1890 



Crawford, John Yocum 
Coale, Carey .... 
Collins, Minturn Post, 
Crozier, Edward P. . 
Cadbury, Benjamin . 
Crowther, William M 
Cary, Egbert Snell . 
Cook, Charles Gilpin 
Carroll, William Hunt 
Chase, Oscar Marshall 
Collins, Charles .... 
Comfort, William Wistar 



-f- Davis, Richard Wistar • 1833 

+ Drinker, J. Henry 1836 

+ Day, Edward M 1838 

t Dunbar, Charles C • • 1840 

t Dilworth, William T 1849 

Deacon, James W Mt. Holly, N. J 1851 

ir Dickinson, Edwin L 1852 

t Dawson, William M 1852 

De Cou, Samuel C Moorestown, N. J 1855 

t Dawson, Charles P 1858 

Davis, Henry W 1427 Arch St., Philadelphia 1859 

Dennis, James, Jr East Providence, R. I I860 

Downing, Joseph M. . . • Wilmington, Del 1861 

Drake, James H St. Paul, Minn 1861 



662 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

De Coil, Franklin St. Paul, Minn 1863 

tDorsey, William T 1863 

Darlington, Charles H. . . Jonesboro, Tenn 1864 

-}- Delaplain, Louis S., Jr 1866 

Downing, Thomas S., Jr. . West Whiteland, Pa 1868 

Deacon, Frederick Howard . 3705 Locust St., Philadelphia 1870 

Davis, J. Franklin .... Guilford College, New Garden, N. C. . . 1872 

Dudley, Henry W. . . . O'Neill, Neb 1872 

Davis, George Frederick . Adarasville, R. 1 1878 

Dunn, Robert K Minneapolis, Minn 1879 

Doan, Enos L Wilmington, Del 1881 

Dean, William N. Ferrisburgh, Vt 1883 

Dickinson, Jonathan, Jr. . Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 1883 

Dawson, Charles Wilmot . Colorado Springs, Colorado ■ .... 1884 

Dunton, William Rush . . Germantown, Philadelphia 1885 

Davies, Guy Hulett .... Towanda, Pa 1886 

Darlington, Percy Smedley . West Chester, Pa 1886 

Du Barry, Joseph N., Jr. . 2017 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1886 

Da Costa, John Chalmers . 1633 Arch St., Philadelphia 1888 

Davis, Henry Lamont, Jr. . Student at the College 1888 

Dennis, Joseph Henry . . . Student at the College 1889 

Detwiler, Warren H. . . . Student at the College 1889 

Davis, Francis F Student at the College 1889 

Estlack, Thomas, Jr. . . . 774 N. 38th St., Philadelphia 1834 

•f- Everingham, Henry 1834 

Elliott, John Santa Cruz, Cal 1834 

-}- Emlen, James V , 1835 

t Elliott, Daniel M 1837 

Edwards, Edward B. . . . Ridge & Susquehanna Aves., Philadelphia 1838 

fEddy, JobA. T 1839 

Ellis, Evan T 12 Gold St., New York 1840 

Ely, Richard E New Hope, Pa 1848 

t Eyre, Joshua P • • 1852 

Exton, Joseph C Clinton, N. J 1856 

Elliott, A. Marshall . . . . Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 1862 

Eshleman, B. Franklin . . Lancaster, Pa 1863 

+ Evaul, Henry 1864 

Estes, Ludovic ...... Westfield, Ind 1866 

Evans, William Penn . . . 1931 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1868 

Erben, Walter 3415 Baring St., Philadelphia 1868 

Estes, Thomas Rowland . . Wilmington, Ohio 1869 

Emlen, George Williams . Washington Lane, Germantown, Philad'a. 1870 

Emlen, James Germantown, Philadelphia 1870 

Edwards, Josiah Pennington Richmond, Ind 1876 

Eldridge, Jonathan .... Westtown, Chester Co., Pa 1877 



LIST OP STUDENTS. 663 

Edwards, Levi Talbott . . Haverford College, Pa 1877 

Evans, George H Indianapolis, Ind 1879 

Edwards, David Williana . Indianapolis, Ind 1879 

Ellicott od, William M. . Portland, Oregon 1880 

Estes, Joseph Stanley . . . Sprague Mills, Me 1880 

Evans, Horace Young, Jr. . Redlands, Cal. 1883 

England, Howell Stroud . . Wilmington, Del. ........... 1884 

Evans, Thomas Germantown, Philadelphia 1885 

Evans, William Henry . . Colorado Springs, Colorado 1885 

Eaton, William Bradford . Student at the College 1889 

Estes, Wilbur Albert . . . Student at the College 1889 

Edwards, Clarence Kinley . Seattle, Washington 1889 

+ Fell, Jonathan W. . . 1834 

fFisher, Lindley 1835 

t Fisher, Charles William 1835 

fFoster, Charles 1835 

+ Folwell, Joseph D 1835 

Franklin, Benjamin H. . . 35 Broadway, New York 1835 

fFisher, Israel P 1836 

t Fuller, James 1836 

t Fuller, John W. . . . = 1836 

tFolweli, Richard L 1837 

Fox, Samuel L 1010 Chestnut St, Philadelphia 1850 

Ferris, L. Murray, Jr. . . 62 South St., New York 1851 

Fothergill, Henry Steelton, Pa 1852 

t Field, W. Harrington 1852 

Farmer, Elihu J Cleveland, Ohio . . .- 1852 

Flowers, William P. . . . 258 Drexel Building, Philadelphia . . . 1857 

-j-Farnum, Samuel 1858 

Febiger, Christian C. . . . 706 Sansom St., Philadelphia 1861 

Fox, Joseph M 339 S. Broad St., Philadelphia 1869 

Forsythe, John Evans . . . 2122 Locust St., Philadelphia 1870 

Forsythe, Isaac Drexel Building, Philadelphia 1876 

Forsythe, Edward 332 Drexel Building, Philadelphia . . . 1877 

Frazier, Cyrus Piggott . . Trinity College, Greensboro, N. C 1877 

Forsythe, Davis Hoopes . . 9 Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1879 

Frissell, Walker 1 54 14th St., Wheeling, W. Va 1880 

Ferris, Davis S Lamourie, Eapides Par., La 1880 

Ferris, William T 409 Broadway, New York 1882 

Futrell, William Harrison . 420 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1883 

Firth, Henry Heberton . . Germantown, Philadelphia . ..... 1885 

Fite, Warner Hutchinson . 1701 N. 21st St., Philadelphia . .... .1885 

Fox, Robert Eastburn . . . Bryn Mawr, Pa 1886 

Fischer,WilliamGustavus,Jr. 1221 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1887 

f Fuller, George Llewellyn 1887 



664 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Firth, Sfirauel Lloyd - . . Gerraantown, Philadelphia 1888 

Farr, Clifford Bailey . . . Student at the College 1890 

Foulke, Edward Jeanes . . Student at the College 1890 

Gummere, William .... Burlington, N. J 1833 

Greaves, Thomas Paris, France 1834 

Gummere, Barker Trenton, N. J 1835 

Gummere, John G Burlington, N. J 1835 

•f- Gummere, Chas. J 1839 

Gummere, Henry D. . . - 824 Market St., Philadelphia 1842 

tGill, William H 1848 

Giffbrd, Chas. H New Bedford, Mass 1849 

Garrett, Philip C Logan, Philadelphia 1849 

Garrett, John B 228 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1851 

Garrett, Albin Englewood, N. J. 1860 

Grier, George 1860 

Gillis, John P . Fulton & Gold Sts., New York 1861 

Gummere, R. Morris . . . S. Bethlehem, Pa 1862 

Griffith, Richard Edward . Winchester, Va 1864 

Griscom, William W. . • . 224 Carter St., Philadelphia 1866 

Garrigues, John S Bryn Mawr, Pa 1868 

Gibbons, Wm. H Coatesville, Pa 1869 

Gummere, Francis Barton . Haverford College, Pa 1869 

Giffbrd, Seth K Haverford College, Pa 1873 

t Gibbons, Edward , 1874 

Giffbrd, John Henry . . . Fall River, Mass 1876 

Gause, Charles Edward, Jr. Milwaukee, Wis 1878 

Gamble, Elisha 6th Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa 1880 

Gummere, William H. . . S. Bethlehem, Pa 1880 

Grafllin, Frederick L. . . . 209 South St., Baltimore, Md 1882 

Garrett, Alfred Cope . . . Logan, Philadelphia 1883 

Goddard, Henry Herbert. . Oak Grove, Vassalboro, Me 1883 

Gummere, Henry V. 725 Market St., Philadelphia 1885 

Geary, John White .... 1509 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1885 

Griscom, Rodman Ellison . Haverford, Pa 1885 

Goodwin, Warren Clarkson Westtown, Pa 1866 

Guilford, William Moore, Jr. Lebanon, Pa 1886 

Guss, John Noble .... West Chester, Pa 1886 

Gilbert, Henry Lee ... . 3508 Hamilton St., Philadelphia .... 1887 

Griswold, Frank Tracy . . 1500 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1889 

Gates, Thomas Sovereign . . Student at the College 1889 

Gardner, Larner Somers. . Student at the College 1890 

Green, Kane Stovell - . . Student at the College 1890 

t Haines, John S 1833 

tHilles, Wm. S 1833 



LIST OF STUDENTS. G(j5 

+ Howell, Arthur H 1833 

Hiinn, John Coosaw, S. C 1833 

+ Hardy, Benjamin F 1834 

t Howell, Joseph K 1834 

t Hacker, Edward 1834 

+ Hacker, Henry 1834 

Hulrae, Samuel Bristol, Bucks Co., Pa ... 1834 

+ Howell, Wm. H 1834 

•f- Hinsdale, Stephen G 1835 

Hartshorne, George .... Rahway, N. J 1836 

Hartshorne, Henry . . , . Hancock St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1836 

fHollingshead, Joseph M 1836 

Hollingshead, Henry . . Philadelphia, Pa 1836 

Hussey, Wm. H 135 West 30th St., New York 1836 

t Howell, Joseph, Jr , 1836 

Hussey, John B New Bedford, Mass 1836 

t Haines, Wm. S 1837 

+ Hill, Nathan B 1838 

Howland, Robert B. . . . Union Springs, New York. . . ... 1838 

Howland, Wm. Penn . . . San Francisco, Cal 1839 

t Hacker, Lloyd Mifflin 1840 

Hartshorne, Isaac Brighton, Montgomery Co., Md 1840 

Haines, Robert B Cheltenham, Montgomery Co., Pa 1840 

+ Handy, Charles 1841 

Heston, George T Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa 1842 

•{-Hunt, Ambrose 1842 

Hacker, Charles . . . . 132 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1843 

Hartshorne, Charles. . - 228 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1843 

+ Haviland, Edward E 1844 

i- Howland, George H 1844 

fHilles, John S 1844 

f Hacker, Morris 1844 

Haviland, Charles F. . . . Masmarvent, Haute Vienne, France . . . 1844 

Plazard, Rowland . . . . Peacedale, R. I. . 1845 

Hull, Joseph J 158 West 34th St., New York 1848 

fHacker, Arthur 1848 

Howland Andrew M. . . . Shnlen, Dona Ana Co., New Mex 1848 

fHull, John 1849 

Hacker, William 161 Wister St., Germantown, Philadelphia 1849 

Hallowell, Richard P, . . 506 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Mass. . . . 1849 

Hopkins, Lewis N City Hall, Baltimore, Md 1849 

fHiilme, JohnL 1849 

-f- Howland, Benjamin 1849 

i-Haworth, James M 1850 

Hunn, Townsend S Plainfield, N. J 1850 

Hill, Thomas Clarkson . . Western Springs, Ills 1850 



666 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

Herendeen, Edward W. . . Geneva, N. Y 1850 

Rowland, Cornelius .... Care W. & J. Sloane, 884 Broadway, X. Y. 1850 

•{-Hopkins, John J 1850 

+ Hoag, Nicholas W 1851 

Hubbard, John R Westfield, Ind 1851 

Hanson, E. Hiinn .... 1609 Vine St., Philadelphia 1851 

Hibberd, Isaac H 310 Pine St., San Francisco, Cal 1851 

Hopkins, Gerard Gloucester C. H., Va 1851 

Hopkins, Samuel Highland, Howard Co., Md . 1851 

Hallowell, Norwood P. . . 102 Federal St., Boston, Mass 1851 

Hoag, Joseph L Iowa Falls, Hardin Co., Iowa 1852 

tHunt, Ellwood 1852 

Hadley, Hiram Las Cruces, New Mex 1853 

Hopkins, Geo. H Haddonfield, N. J 1853 

•}- Hickman, Joseph E 1853 

Hopkins, Ephraim, Jr. . . Marshallton, Chester Co., Pa 1853 

Hacker, Paschall Santa Barbara, Cal 1854 

Hunt, Daniel W Oskaloosa, Iowa 1854 

Hill, Fowell Buxton . . . 119 Douglas Avenue, Chicago, Ills. . . ■ 1855 

Hopkins, Walter G 226 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1855 

Hopkins, Joseph S. . . . Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. . 1855 

t Harris, John S 1856 

Hull, William J 5 Hanover St., Baltimore, Md 1856 

•f-Harkness, Howard F. . . .... 1856 

t Hadley, Samuel A 1858 

t Haines, Samuel B 1858 

tHandy, Thomas P 1859 

Holme, John G Salem, N. J 1859 

Haines, Howard L 1714 Green St., Philadelphia 1860 

Hiatt, Oliver S Leavenworth, Kans 1860 

•f- Haines, Frederick 1860 

Haviland, Arthur 623 E. 139th St., New York 1860 

fHall, Franks 1861 

Haines, Zebedee Westtown, Chester Co., Pa 1863 

tHopkins, Frank N 1863 

Hewlings, Isaac W Moorestown, N. J 1864 

tHunt, Howard A 1864 

Holme, R. Henry .... 1140 Druid Hill Avenue, Baltimore, Md. . 1865 

Haines, Lindley 430 Library St., Philadelphia 1865 

Haines, William Henry . . 1134 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia . . . . 1867 

Hartshorne, Joseph. . . . 331 S. Broad St., Philadelphia 1867 

Hilles, Thomas Allen . . . Wilmington, Del 1867 

Hubbard, William Harrison, Indianapolis, Ind 1868 

Haines, Reuben Haines St., Germantown, Philadelphia. . 1868 

Hartshorne, William D. . . Arlington Mills, Lawrence, Mass 1868 

Hoskins, Jesse F Summerlield, N. C 1868 



LIST OP STUDENTS. 667 

Haines, Caspar Wistar . . Cheltenham, Pa 1868 

t Harlan, Wm. B 1868 

Huston, Wm, P Girard Building, Philadelphia 1868 

Howland, Charles S. . . . Wilmington, Del 1869 

Huston, Abram Francis . . Coatesville, Pa. .......... 1869 

Haines, Henry Cope . . . Germantown, Philadelphia 1869 

Hartshorne, Chas. Kobinson Brighton, Md 1870 

Hilles, Samuel Eli .... John & Water Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio . ■ 1870 

Hunt, William, Jr 244 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1871 

Huston, Charles L. .... Coatesville, Pa 1871 

Haines, Charles Ed\yard . . 1134 Kidge Ave., Philadelphia 1872 

Haines, Francis Cope . . . Haines St., Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1872 

Hobbs, Lewis Lyndon . . Guilford College, New Garden, N. C. , . 1872 

Haines, KobertB., Jr. . . . Coatesville, Pa 1874 

Hill, Samuel H Minneapolis, Minn 1875 

Henderson, Francis . . . . Germantown, Philadelphia 1875 

Hill, Mahlon Patterson . . Mount Pleasant, Ohio 1876 

Hartshorne, Edward Yarnall 228 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1877 

Harvey, Lawson M. .... Indianapolis, Ind. . 1877 

Hadley, Walter Carpenter . Hadley, Grant Co., New Mex 1878 

Hussey, George Frederick . 56 Lafayette Place, New York 1878 

Hazard, Richard Bowne . . Eiver Falls, Wis 1878 

Haines, William' J. . . . . Cheltenham, Pa 1880 

Hill, Louis T Pleasant Plain, Iowa 1880 

Hall, Arthur D. .... . Bethel, Me. . 1881 

Hilles, William S. Wilmington, Del 1881 

fHill, J. Gurney. 1881 

Hussey, William T North Berwick, Me 1882 

Harding, George F 366 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mhss 1883 

Hazard, Willis Hetfield . . West Chester, Pa 1883 

Herendeen, Francis Albert . Geneva, N. Y 1883 

Hussey, Arthur M N. Berwick, Me 1884 

Hacker, William Estes . . Wister St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1884 

Hartshorne, Francis Cope . Bullitt Building, Philadelphia 1884 

Hilles, Joseph Tatum . . . Wilmington, Del 1884 

Howell, Herbert Charles . . 3343 N. 17th St., Philadelphia 1884 

Haley, Edwin James . - . State College, Bellefonte, Pa 1886 

Hippie, William Levis . 1340 Chestnut St., Philadelphia .... 1886 

Haughton, Victor Mellet . Chelsea Square, New York 1887 

Handy, William Winder . Student at the College 1887 

Hibberd, Dil worth Potts . . Student at the College 1887 

Hart, Walter Morris . . . Student at the College 1888 

Hoffman, Miles Atlee . . . Student at the College 1888 

Hoopes, Arthur Student at the College • . 1888 

Hutton, JohnWetherill . . Student at the College 1889 

Hall, Euf us Hacker . . . . Student at the College .. 1889 



668 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Haughton, John Paul . . . Student at the College 1889 

Haviland, Walter Winchip . Student at the College . 1889 

Hoag, Clarence Gilbert . . Student at the College 1890 

Hill, Myron F Student at the College 1890 

Harvey, Le Koy Student at the College 1890 

+ Iddings, James C 1853 

+ Iddings, George W 1855 

+ Jones, Benjamin W 1833 

t Jones, Samuel H 1833 

•f- Johnson, Henry John 1834 

Jones, Charles Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1835 

t Jones, Thomas W 1849 

Jnnney, Johns H Churchville, Harford Co., Md 1850 

•{- Jones, James P. . . 1851 

•f- Johnson, Jacob L J 855 

J essup, Benjamin H. . . . Moorestown, N. J 1856 

•f Jones, Ivins D 1856 

Jones, C. Henry . - . . Le Mars, Iowa 1857 

Jessup, George W Cinnaminson, N. J 1859 

t Jones, Eichard T 1859 

Jones, William B Seal, Chester Co., Pa 

Jones, Eichard Mott . . . William Penn Charter School,Philadelphia 1863 

Jackson, Charles W. . . . U. S. Marine Corps 1863 

Jackson, Walter New York City 1863 

Jones, John Barclay .... 601 Linden St., Camden, N. J 1871 

Johnson, Isaac Thorne . . . Friends' School, Wilmington, Del. . . 1877 

t Jenkins, Charles Williams 1877 

Jones, Edward Megarge . . Coulter St., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1878 

Jones, Wilmot Eufus . . . Dayton, Ohio 1878 

Jay, William C Lacey, Iowa 1879 

Jones, Frederic D Los Angeles, Cal. 1879 

Jones, S. Eufus Dayton, Ohio 1880 

Jacob, Charles E Friends' School, Providence, E. I. . . . 1881 

Jones, Arthur Winslow . . Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa 1882 

Jones, Eufus M Vassalboro, Me 1882 

Jay, Isaac E Eichmond, Ind 1882 

Johnson, Guy E Longdale, Va 1883 

Janney, John Hall .... Brighton, Md 1883 

Johnson, Joseph Henry . . Ardniore, Pa 1884 

Johnson, Joseph Esrey, Jr. Baldwin Works, Philadelphia 1885 

Janney, Eichard M. ... Churchville, Md 1885 

Jansen, Cornelius, Jr. . . . Beatrice, Neb 1885 

Jones, Lewis, Jr Overbrook, Pa 1886 

Janney, Thomas S Churchville, Md 1887 



LIST OP STUDENTS. 669 

Jenkins, William Grant . . Wilmington, Ohio 1889 

Jenks, William Pearson . - Student at the College 1889 

Jacobs, Carrol Brinton . . . Student at the College ]889 

Jones, George Lindley . . Student at the College 1889 

t King, Francis T 1833 ' 

t King, Thomas l''^35 

Kimber, Anthony M. . . . Newport, E. 1 1836 

t Kimber, Thomas, Jr 1838 

King, Joseph Cor. Charles & Biddle Sts, Baltimore, Md.. 1839 

tKing, EliasE 1843 

Kinsman, William L. . . . Salem, Mass 1848 

t Knight, Thomas W 1859 

King, Pendleton Stokesdale, Guilford Co., N. C 1866 

t K^ighn, William B 1867 

•f- Kimber, Marmaduke Cope 1869 

t Kirkbride, Mahlon, Jr 1871 

tKimber, T. William .... 1871 

Krider, James Delaplaine . 1709 Sydenham St., Philadelphia .... 1873 

Kennard, Edwin Orson . . Knightstown, Ind • 1878 

Kimber, John Shober . . . Newport, E. I 1883 

Kirkbride, Franklin Butler. 1406 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1885 

Kirkbride, Thomas Story . 1406 Spruce St., Philadelphia . - • 1886 

Knipe, Arthur Student at the College 1889 

tLogan, J, Dickinson • 18^^ 

Lewis, John Howard . . . Marple, Delaware Co., Pa 1833 

f Lippincott, James S • • • ^°^^ 

t Longstreth, William C 1834 

t Leggett, Charles P ^834 

Lewis, Mordecai, Jr. ... Chester, Pa 1835 

+ Lowndes, Phineas, •'""^'^ 

Long, Alfonzo W • • 18^6 

t Lawrence, Eichard H 18^8 

Levick, James J 1200 Arch St., Philadelphia 1840 

t Ladd, William H ^842 

Levick, Thomas J Philadelphia, Pa 1848 

^r AA J} ■ • 1849 

+ Ladd, Benjamin 

Levis, Franklin B Mount Holly, N. J 1849 

•f- Lewis, Enoch E 

t Ladd, Thomas W 1852 

•f-Leedom, John M 

Livezey, John Germantown, Philadelphia 1852 

Livezey, Joseph E Germantown, Philadelphia 1852 

f Lewis, Berge Eawle _^ 

+ Longstreth, Samuel T 



670 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Lamb, Eli M 1432 McCulloli St., Baltimore, Md. . . 1855 

Lindley, Cyrus Los Angeles, Cal 185t) 

Lang, John A Waterville, Me 1856 

Lippincott, Joshua W. . . Wyncote P. O., Montgomery Co., Pa. . . 1856 

tLanib, Thomas W 1857 

Lippincott, Charles .... Palmyra, N. J 1857 

Lippincott, Horace G. ... 21 Water St., Philadelphia 1857 

Lippincott, Hewlings . . . Cinnaminson, N. J. ....... . 1858 

Levick, Robert 4812 Penn St., Frankford, Philadelphia. 1858 

Leeds, Albert R Stevens Institute, Hoboken, N. J 1860 

Longstreth, Morris .... 1416 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1860 

Lindley, John H New Dennison House, Indianapolis, Ind. . 1861 

•f- Lawrence, William H. 1862 

Levick, Lewis J 113 Arch St., Philadelphia 1863 

Lippincott, Joseph K. . . . Woodstown, N. J. . 1863 

Longstreth, Benjamin T.. . 1608 Market St., Philadelphia 1865 

■f Levick, Samuel Jones, Jr 1866 

t Longstreth, Thomas K 1866 

Longstreth, William M. . . 116 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1869 

Lowry, Benjamin Howard . Drexel Building, Philadelphia 1870 

Longstreth, Henry .... 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1871 

Longstreet, Jacob Holmes . 114 Liberty St., New York 1872 

Longstreth, Charles Albert . 228 Market St., Philadelphia • . . . . 1872 

Lyon, J. Stewart Pittsburgh, Pa 1873 

Lowry, William C 46 S. Front St., Philadelphia 1876 

Lynch, James Lewis . . . Longwood, Mo 1876 

tLeeds, WilmerP 1880 

List, John K 25 Thirteenth St., Wheeling, W. V. . . 1880 

Ladd, Isaac G Franklin, Mass 1881 

Lee, Philip New Iberia, La 1881 

Lippincott, Samuel P. . . . Wyncote P. O., Montgomery Co , Pa. . . 1882 

Lewis, Edmund Coleman . Haverford, Pa. 1883 

Leslie, Hugh 224 Carter St., Philadelphia 1884 

Lewis, William Draper . . Dre.xel Building, Philadelphia 1885 

Lewis, Daniel Clark .... Millville, N. J. . . 1885 

Leeds, Morris Evans . . . Westtown, Pa 1886 

Lewis, John Frazier Taylor Broomall, Pa 1886 

Leeds, Arthur Newlin . . . 3221 N, Seventeenth St., Philadelphia . 1887 

Longstreth, Edward Ehoads o6th St. & Springfield Ave., Philadelphia 1887 

Lippincott, Horace G., Jr. . Student at the College 1887 

Lancaster, George Student at the College 1890 

t Morgan, James T 1833 

Murray, Lindley 45 Broadway, New York 1833 

fMott, Samuel F., Jr. . . - 1833 

f Mendenhall, Cyrus 1834 



LIST OF STUDENTS. ' 671 

+ Murray, David Golden . ■. . . 1834 

•f- Mott, William F., Jr 1834 

•f- Morris, Joshua H . 1834 

fMaule, Edward 1835 

Moore, Kichard M Memorial Home, St. Louis, Mo 1835 

-f- Marsh, Benjamin V 1836 

-{-Mendenhall, James Ruffin , 1836 

Mendenhall, Nereus .... Jamestown, N. C 1837 

+ Murray, Eobert Lindley , 1838 

•f- Morris, Charles W 1838 

f Morgan, Samuel Rodman 1840 

+ Morgan, Alexander . . 1841 

-f- Martin, James, Jr 1841 

Morris, Samuel Olney, Philadelphia 1842 

Murray, John Santa Barbara, Cal 1842 

•f- Morgan, William B 1842 

Morris, Elliston P 21 North Seventh St., Philadelphia . . . 1844 

■f Morris, Stephen 1848 

Matthews, Richard J. . . . 1064 Argyle St., Baltimore, Md 1848 

Morgan, William B Earlham College, Richmond, Ind 1850 

Mellor, John B 460 Marshall St., Philadelphia 1850 

Miller, William H. . . . . Media, Delaware Co., Pa 1851 

t Mendenhall, Cyrus 1853 

Mellor, William Wayne Ave., Germantown, Philadelphia . 1853 

Magee, James R , 1720 Walnut St., Philadelphia ...... 1854 

Morris, Henry G Drexel Building, Philadelphia ..... 1854 

Morris, Morton 1057 Richmond St., Philadelphia .... 1854 

t Matlack, George T 1855 

Maddock, Edward .... 2227 Venango St., Philadelphia ..... 1855 

Morris, Theodore H. . . . 1608 Market St., Philadelphia 1856 

tMerritt, William H 1856 

Morris, Frederick W. . . . 1608 Market St., Philadelphia . . . - 1856 

Merritt, Isaac N 55 Frankfort St., New York 1856 

Morris, Anthony J Pemberton, N. J 1857 

Mott, John B 125 E. Fortieth St., New York . . . . 1857 

+ Morris, James T 1857 

Mellor, Alfred 218 N. Twenty-second St., Philadelphia . 1858 

Mellor, George B West Chester, Pa 1858 

Merritt, J. Walter .... 350 P. O. Box, Atlanta, Ga. . 1858 

Murray, Joseph K Flushing, N. Y. . . . 1859 

Matthews, William W. . . Philopolis, Baltimore Co., Md 1859 

Morris, William H 1608 Market St., Philadelphia 1859 

t Morris, Isaac W 1859 

Merritt, Charles F 105 Fort Greeti Place, Brooklyn 1860 

Miller, Charles M Care of Disston & Sons, Philadelphia . . 1860 

Morris, John T. ..... 826 Pine St., Philadelphia 1863 



672 HISTORY OP HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

t McDowell, Henry 1867 

Moore, Walter Thomas . . 123 N. Nineteenth St., Philadelphia . . . 1869 

Morris, Isaac T 269 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia 1869 

Metcalf, Charles A Chicago, 111 1873 

Mercer, George Gluyas . . 641 N. Sixteenth St 1876 

Mason, Samuel, Jr Germantown, Philadelphia 1876 

Marshburn, William V. . . Estacado, Texas . 1877 

Moore, Jesse Hallowell . . Estacado, Texas 1877 

Morgan, Jesse Henley . . ■ Lowell, Kan 1878 

Mott, Kichard Burlington, N. J 1879 

Morris, Marriott Canby . . 21 N. Seventh St., Philadelphia . . , . 1881 

Moore, Walter L Ercildoun, Pa 1882 

Murray, Augustus T. . . . Colorado University, Colorado Springs, Cul. 1882 

McFarland, William S. . . Pottstown, Pa 1882 

Morgan, W. Earl Lowell, Kan. 1883 

MacLear, Walter ..... Wilmington, Del 1883 

Markley, Joseph Lybrand . Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Mich. . 1883 

Morris, William Paul . . . 1608 Market St., Philadelphia ..... 1883 

■f Morris, Israel, Jr. 1883 

Morris, P. Hollingsworth . 1325 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1883 

Mowry, Allan McLane 1883 

Martin, L. Lamphier . . . Sumter, S. C 1884 

Morris, Frederick Wistar, Jr. 1608 Market St., Philadelphia 1885 

Morris, Eichard Jones . . 1608 Market St., Philadelphia ..... 1885 

Morris, Herbert . ... Johnstown, Pa 1885 

Morris, Lawrence Johnson . 1514 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1885 

-{-Morris, Samuel Buckley 1885 

Mitchell, Jacob Thomas . . Bellefonte, Pa 1887 

Mekeel, David Lane . . . Student at the College 1887 

Martin, Robert Linwood . . Student at the College 1888 

McAllister, Franklin . . . Student at the College 1888 

Muir, John Wallingford . . Student at the College 1888 

Morris, John Stokes .... Student at the College 1889 

Michener, Charles Leroy . Student at the College 1889 

Miller, Martin Nixon - . . Student at the College 1890 

Morris, Howard Student at the College 1890 

Morton, Arthur Villiers . . Student at the College 1890 

+ Needles, Caleb H.. 1834 

+ Newbold, Edward 1838 

Nicholson, William H. . . 1828 Arch St., Philadelphia 1844 

Nicholson, Coleman L. . . 528 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1848 

Newhall, William E. . . . 400 Chestnut St., Philadelpiiia 1849 

t Newbold, Joseph T 1862 

t Noble, Charles 1855 

fNichols, David H 1862 



LIST OP STUDENTS. 673 

Kewlin, Harold P 1807 Pine St., Philadelphia 1872 

Nicholson, J. Whitall ... 410 Kace St., Philadelphia 1872 

Newkirk, John B 2110 Arch St., Philadelphia 1875 

Newhall, Barker Athens, Greece 1884 

Nields, J. Percy Wilmington, Del 1884 

Nicholson, William H., Jr., Student at the College 1888 

t Osborne, Charles 1836 

t Osborne, William P 1852 

Owen, Oliver Goldsmith . . Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y 1867 

Osborne, William Elmore 1879 

Orbison, Thomas J. . . . , Bellefonte, Pa 1884 

Overman, William Franklin, Friends' School, Jenkintown, Pa 1885 

Okie, John Mickle .... Student at the College 1889 

Osborne, Charles Student at the College 1889 

Oberteufler, James Prickett, 1505 Locust St., Philadelphia 1889 

•{- Pennock, Joseph Liddon 1833 

Parsons, Samuel B Flushing, N. Y 1833 

Parsons, Kobert B Flushing, N. Y 1834 

t Parsons, William B 1835 

tPerot, James P 1836 

Perot, Sansom 250 N. Broad St., Philadelphia ... . 1840 

t Pearsall, Robert, Jr , 1841 

Perkins, Lindley Murray . Eahway, N. J 1842 

Pennock, A. L 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1843 

Price, Stephen S 429 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1844 

fPancoast, Charles 1844 

Price, Joseph M. P 2019 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1844 

-f- Perkins, Benjamin D 1848 

fParry, Edward K 1848 

-f-Paxson, Samuel ■ 1848 

t Price, Richard 1848 

Paige, Franklin E 116 N. Eleventh St., Philadelphia . . . . 1849 

Pancoast, William H. . . . 1100 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1849 

tPancoast, George H 1849 

t Parry, Israel H • 1850 

Parry, Richard R New Hope, Pa 1850 

Phillips, Albert S. .... Greenwood Ave., Trenton, N. J 1850 

Potts, William W Bridgeport, Montgomery Co., Pa 1851 

Painter, John V Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio ...... 1852 

tPaxson, Richard C 1853 

Pedrick, Alexander K. . .708 Locust St., Philadelphia 1853 

fPilcher, Samuel F 1854 

Price, William B Milwaukee, Wis . 1854 

Parrish, Dillwyn, Jr. . . . London, England 1855 

43 



074 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

•f- Pleasants, Charles Israel . . ... 1855 

Parrish, James C Tuxedo Park, N. Y 1856 

Pancoast, Kichard .... 15 Gold St., New York 1856 

Potts, William N Wayne, Delaware Co., Pa 1856 

Pinkbam, John W Montclair, N. J 1857 

Parsons, Samuel Flushing, Queens Co., N. Y 1857 

Pancoast, Henry Boiler . . 243 S. Third St., Philadelphia 1858 

Pancoast, Albert 1907 Walnut St., Pliiladelphia 1858 

Parrish, Joseph 526 Drexel Building, Philadelphia . . . 1859 

t Parrish, William W 1859 

Pinkbam, Joseph G. . . . Lynn, Mass 1860 

Pharo, Joseph J. .... . Tuckerton, N. J 1861 

Parry, Charles Parry, N. J 1862 

Pendleton, E. Gray .... Pond Gap, Augusta Co., Va 1862 

Pendleton, C. Mason . . . Berkeley Springs, AV. Va 1862 

Parrish, Alfred Thirtieth and Chestnut Sts., Philadelpliia . 1863 

PJnkham, Gilbert L. - . . Miller, Hand Co., S. Dakota 1864 

Pearson, George . . Mercer, Pa. . 1865 

Pratt, Charles Eadward . . 221 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. . . . 1866 

-f- Painter, Howard 1 867 

+ Peitsmeyer, Edward 1869 

Price, Theophilus P. . . . Tuckerton, N. J 1871 

Pharo, Walter Willits . . . 22d and Washington Ave., Philadelphia . 1871 

Paul, Joseph W 1821 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1873 

Pearce, Eobert K 5219 Warren St., West Philadelphia . . . 1873 

Phillips, John L Care K. B. Phillips, Pittsburgh, Pa. . . . 1875 

Perry, William Francis . . The Aldine, Philadelphia 1877 

Price, Walter Ferris . . . Haverford College, Pa. 1877 

Page, William Enoch . . . S. Weare, N. H 1878 

Palmer, T. Chalkley, Jr. . . Moore's, Pa 1878 

Price, William F Sadsburyville, Chester Co., P:i 1879 

Peer, William F St. Paul, Minn 1880 

Phillips, Jesse E., Jr. . . . Worcester, Mass 1883 

Purdy, Ellison Reynolds . . West Branch, N. Y 1883 

Patterson, George Stuart . . Chestnut Hill, Pa 1884 

Parker, John Eberly , . . Kansas City, Mo 1885 

•f- Pope, Edward Morrill 1885 

Peirson, Frank Warrington, Vassalboro, Me 1885 

Painter, Josiah Henry . . . Kennett Square, Pa 1888 

Palen, Gilbert Joseph, Jr. . Student at the College 1888 

Parrish, Frederick Maxfield, Student at the College 1888 

Pritchard, Charles Edgar . Georgetown, 111 1889 

Pf nnypacker, W. Cause, Jr., Wilmington, Del 1889 

Pancoast, William Howard, Student at the College 1890 

Pinkbam, Charles Heber . Student at the College 1890 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 675 

Quinby, Watson F Wilmington, Del 1842 

Quimby, Edward Entwisle . Student at the College 1890 

•f- Richardson, Jno. D 1834 

Redman, Joseph Iladdonfield, N. J 1835 

Randolph, George Atlantic City, N. J , 1835 

Randolph, Richard .... 247 N. 12th St., Philadelphia 1836 

Rodman, Edmund, .... New Bedford, Mass 1839 

Rodman, Thomas R. . . . New Bedford, Mass 1839 

t Redmond, Charles P 1844 

t Richmond, James H. C 1849 

t Roberts, George W .... 1849 

Reeve, Wm. C Salem, N. J. . . . 1850 

Reeve, Augustus Camden, N. J 1850 

Richmond, Alexander A. . Care Joshua Richmond, New Bedford, Mass. 1850 

Rowell, Jno. F Chico, ChI 1851 

Roberts, Stephen 1851 

t Riddick, Joseph 1852 

tRiddick, Reuben B 1852 

Richardson, Francis .... Norfolk, Va 1852 

tRhoads, William G 1854 

Ratcliff, Wm. R Martin's Ferry, Ohio 1855 

tRhoads, Edward 1855 

Ratcliff, Edward 1856 

Roberts, Charles 1716 Arch St., Philadelphia 1860 

Roberts, Edward C 242 Hancock St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1860 

t Richardson, Henry B 1862 

t Redman, Samuel B 1862 

Rose, David F Chester, Pa 1866 

Randolph, William H. . . Atlantic City, N. J 1867 

Reeves, Ellis B Phoenixville, Pa 1867 

Roberts, Alfred R 1627 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1867 

Richards, E. Archer .... Wilmington, Del 1871 

Roberts, Percival, Jr. . . . 110 S. 20th St , Philadelphia 1871 

Reynolds, Lindley M. H. . . Guilford College, New Garden, N. C. . . 1874 

Roberts, J. R. Evans ... 215 S. Broad St., Philadelphia 1876 

Rhoads, Joseph, Jr Westtown, Chester Co., Pa , . 1877 

Randolph, Edward, .... 733 Pine St., Philadelphia 1878 

Robinson, Wm. H Courtland, Sacramento Co., Cal 1878 

Rhodes, Richard S., . . . . Aston Mills, Delaware Co., Pa 1879 

Robinson, Herbert W. . . . South Windham, Me 1879 

Rushmore, Townsend . . . Plainfield, N. J 1879 

Reeve, Augustus H Camden, N. J 1881 

Reeve, William F Camden, N. J 1881 

Richards, Theodore Wm. . Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . . 1882 

Roberts, Geo. Brinton, Jr. . Bala, Pa 1884 



670 HIST(,)KY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Eeade, "Walter George ... 35 Falmouth St. Boston, Mass 1885 

Keinhardt, David Jones . . 1004 Jefi'erson St., Wilmington, Del. . . . 1885 

Rogers, James Wadsworth 1885 

Eavenel, Sam'l Prioleau . . 1707 Locust St., Philadelphia 1886 

Rhoads, Joseph Howard . . Overbrook, Pa 1887 

Ehoads, Charles James . . Student at the College 1889 

Reeves, Frank Butler . . . Student at the College 1889 

Rhoads, Edward .... Student at the College 1889 

Read, William Johns, Jr. . Cumberland, Md 1889 

Roberts, John Student at tlie College 1889 

Robinson, Lucian Moore . . 1715 Walnut St., Philadeliihia 1890 

Ristine, Fred. Pearce, . . . Student at the College 1890 

Rorer, Jonathan Taylor, Jr. Student at the College 1890 

+ Smith, Dillwyn 1833 

tSiiarpless, Daniel Offley 183S 

t Sharpless, Charles L 1833 

Sheppard, Clarkson .... Media, Pa 1833 

Smith, Benjamin R Germantown, Philadelphia 1834 

Shotwell, George F Skaneateles, N. Y 1834 

•f- Smith, Barclay Arney 1834 

tSerrill, Isaacs 1834 

t Smith, Lloyd P '. . . 1835 

■f Sharpless, Henry H. G 1836 

f Sharpless, Isaac 1836 

t Smith, Albanus 1837 

+ Stroud, Morris R 1838 

t Scull, Gideon D 1838 

Stapler, John W., Tahlequah, Cherokee N., Ind. Ter. . . . 1839 

Smith, Richard M 3715 Chestnut St., Philadelphia ...... 1840 

Smith, Robert Pearsal I, . . 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia 1840 

tStroud, William D 1841 

Starbuck, Chas. C. . - . . Andover, Mass 1841 

fStokes, JohnN 1841 

-f- Stewardson, John 1841 

Stewardson, Thomas . . . Chestnut Hill, Piiiiadelphia 1841 

tShinn, Samuel E 1844 

t Shotwell, Augustus 1844 

t Shotwell, Joseph 1844 

Smiley, Alfred H Lake Minnewaska, N. Y. ....... 1848 

Smiley, Albert K Lake Mohonk, N. Y . 1848 

Scull, J. Ridgwuy, . . . Haddonlield, N. J 1848 

Stokes, Francis Locust Ave., Germantown, Phila 1848 

Stadelman, Jacob L Ardmore, Pa 1848 

Scull, David. Jr 113 S. 4th St., Philadelphia 1849 

Street, Louis, Salem, Ohio 1850 



LIST OP STUDENTS. G77 

Stokes, Wistar H 73 Herman St., Germantown, Phila. . . . 1850 

t Stabler, William D 1851 

Stabler, Thomas S Lynchburg, Va. . 1851 

Sellers, Nathan 319 N. 33d St., Philadelphia 1852 

t Street, John W 1853 

Street, David Monticello, Iowa . . 1853 

Street, George ...... Salem, Ohio 1854 

Street, Ogden, Seattle, Washington 1854 

t Satterthwaite, Samuel T 1 854 

Smith, Thomas C 486 Chestnut St., Trenton, N. J 1854 

Starr, Joseph W Steele City, Neb 1855 

Sharpies, Abram Salem, Oregon 1855 

Smith, Benjamin H., . . . Girard Building, Philadelphia ] 855 

Steele, Thomas C, .... Pottstown, Pa 1855 

•f-Shinn, T. Jefferson, 1855 

Sampson, Edward C. ... 58 Reade St., New York 1856 

•f- Sampson, George 1856 

Sampson, Henry, 58 Reade St., New York 1856 

Smith, Clement L Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . . 1856 

Smith, William E., . . . . 4045 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia .... 1857 

t Starr, Theodore 1857 

+ Stokes, J. Spencer 1857 

Street, John Kokomo, Ind 1857 

Stuart, Jehu Harlan .... Minneapolis, Minn 1858 

Starr, Edward 311 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1858 

Scott, Thomas, Jr Westinghouse Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. . 1858 

Smyth, Horace Care Lindley Smyth, Philadelphia . . . 1859 

t Scull, Edward L 1860 

Sampson, E. Pope 58 Reade St., New York 1861 

Shepherd, Caleb W., - . . 85 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1861 

t Shannon, John R 1861 

Sharpless, Henry W. . . . 801 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1861 

tSmith, George, Jr 1862 

Swift, Henry H Millbrook, N. Y 1862 

Sands, William L Care R. W. Lawrence, 41 Wall St., N. Y. 1862 

t Sharpless, Charles W 1863 

Swift, William L Millbrook, N. Y 1864 

Starr, Louis 1818 S. Rittenhouse Sq., Philadelphia . . 1864 

Satterthwaite, Benj. C. . . 242 S. Fifth St., Philadelphia . . . . 1864 

fSteele, John Button 1866 

Sharpless, S. Frank .... 1418 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1869 

Sampson, Alden Jr 58 Reade St., New York 1869 

t Smith, Franklin Whitall, 1870 

Stabler, Charles Miller . . Sandy Springs, Md 1870 

Stokes, N. Newlin, Jr. . . . Moorestown, N. J 1872 

Stokes, Henry N., National Museum, Washington, D. C. . . 1874 



678 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Srailey, Daniel, Jr Lake Mohonk, N. Y. 1874 

Sheppard, John E 175 Kemsen St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1875 

Smith, William Foulke, . . Barnesville, Ohio 1876 

Schively, Edwin Ford ... 307 School Lane, Germantown, Phil ■. . . 1876 

Shipley, Walter Penn . . . Locust Avenue, Germantown, Phila. . . 1877 

Smith, Albanus Longstreth, West Penn St., Germantown, Pliila. . . . 1877 

Shoemaker, Samuel B. . . . Main St., Germantown, Phila . 1878 

Sutton, Isaac Haverford, Pa . . 1879 

Stuart, Francis B La Luz, New Mexico . . • • 1879 

Scull, William Ellis .... Overbrook, Philadelphia 1879 

Spruance, John S 519 Linden St., Camden, N. J 1879 

Smith, S. Decatur, Jr. . . . 1927 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1880 

Starkey, Howard A. . . . Duluth, Minn 1880 

Smith, Alfred P Provident Building, Philadelphia .... 1880 

Smith, L. Logan 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia 1881 

Scott,'^ Alexander H., . . . . 1806 S. Rittenhouse Sq., Philadelphia . . 1882 

Smith, Horace E. ..... 1213 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1882 

Starr, Isaac T., 311 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1882 

Savery, William H Wilmington, Del 1883 

Slocum, Allison W 13 Farwell St., Cambridge, Mass 1883 

Stokes, Henry Warrington, . 308 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1883 

Strawbridge, Frederic Heap, 801 Market St., Philadelphia 1883 

Stubbs, Martin Bell, .... 1616 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1884 

Sharp, Joseph Webster, Jr. . 1134 Eidge Ave., Philadelphia 1884 

Sachse, Albert Frederic, . . 267 Xorth 8th St., Philadelphia .... 1885 

Shupert, Chas. M Bryn Mawr, Pa 1885 

Schwartz, John Loeser, . . Pittsburgh, Pa 1885 

Smith, Walter Emanuel . . 1213 Walnut St., Philadelphia 1885 

Smith, Wilson Longstreth . 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia 1886 

Stevens, Lindley Murray, . Student at the College 1886 

Stokes, John Stogdell, . . . 1010 Chestnut St., Philadelphia . ... 1886 

Shaw, James George, Jr. . . Newcastle, Del 1886 

Simpson, Wm. Percy, . . . Overbrook, Pa 1886 

Stotesbury, William Alfred, Bozeinan, Montana 1886 

Steere, Jonathan Mowry, . . Student at the College 1887 

Strawbridge, Robert Early . 801 Market St., Philadelphia 1887 

Stone, Ralph Warren, . . . Student at the College 1888 

Sayrs, William Christopher. AVilmington College, Ohio 1889 

Shipley, William Ellis, . . Student at the College 1889 

Sensenig, Barton Student at the College 1889 

Scarborough, Henry Wismer, Student at the College 1 890 

Shoemaker, Benj. H., Jr. . . Student at the College 1890 

Stokes, Francis Joseph . . Student at the College 1890 

Strawbridge,William Justus, Student at the College 1890 

Tatnall, Edward Wilmington, Del 1833 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 079 

Thurston, William K. . . . 235 E. 15th St., New York 1834 

Trotter, William H 36 N. Front St., Philadelphia 1834 

Talcott, Joseph D Skaneateles, N. Y 1836 

i" Thurston, Joseph 1> 1836 

•f-Taber, Charles 1837 

+ Tatnall, William 1837 

f Tyson, Kichard W 1837 

+ Thomas, William A 1838 

•f-Thorne, Edwin 1838 

-f- Taylor, Joseph B 1839 

Taber, Augustus 714 Water St., New York 1840 

Tyson, Jesse 6 E. Franklin St., Baltimore, Md 1841 

Trotter, Charles W 36 N. Front St., Philadelphia 1841 

Trotter, Newbold H. . . . 1520 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1841 

+ Tatum, Samuel C. ... 1841 

t Tyson, James W Charles and Lexington Sts., Baltimore, Md. 1841 

Thomas, George B. ... West Chester, Pa 1848 

Taber, Abram New Bedford, Mass 1848 

t Tyson, Isaac 1848 

Thomas, James C 1226 Madison Avenue, Baltimore, Md. . . 1848 

Thomas, William R. . . . Downingtown, Pa 1848 

Tatum, Charles 2610 Howard St., Omaha, Neb 1849 

Tillinghast, Joseph .... New Bedford, Mass 1849 

+ Tyson, John S., Jr 1849 

Test, Zaccheus Union Springs, N. Y 1849 

tTroth, John T 1850 

t Taylor, Thomas C 1850 

•f- Taylor, Augustus 1850 

Tatum, John C Woodbury, N. J 1850 

Troth, Samuel 3612 Baring St., Philadelphia 1850 

t Taylor, Joseph P 1851 

Thomas, Evan Produce Exchange. New York 1851 

t Thomas, Lewin W 1851 

Tucker, Benjamin Bethlehem, N. H 1862 

Taber, William C, Jr. . . . New Bedford, Mass 1852 

Thorn, Barton F Crosswicks, N. J 1853 

Tevis, Norman Care E. L. Tevis, Philadeli)hia .... 1853 

Tevis, Edwin L 721 Locust St., Philadelphia 1853 

Thomson, Edgar L 1927 Master St., Philadelphia 1853 

Tatum, George M Glenelg, Howard Co., Md 1854 

Tomlinson, William L . . . Marlton, N. J 1854 

Tyler, William Graham . . 4420 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1855 

Tomlinson, Edwin .... Kirkwood, Camden Co., N. J 1855 

Tyson, James 1506 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1857' 

Thomas, John C L333 Bolton St., Baltimore, Md 1857 

t Thurston, William K.,Jr 1858 



680 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Thome, Jonathan, Jr. . . 76 Gold St., New York 1 858 

fToms, Eichard H. E 1858 

Tyler, J. Edgar Media, Pa 1859 

Thomas, J. Preston .... Whitford, Chester Co., Pa 18G0 

Thomas, Allen C Haverford College, Pa 1861 

Tatham, Henry B., Jr. . . . 1025 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1862 

Tomlinson, B. Albert . . . Kirkwood, Camden Co., N. J 1862 

•}- Tomlinson, Ephraim, Jr 1862 

Taber, Eobert Barney . . . Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass 1863 

Taylor, William Shipley . . 403 N. 33d St., Philadelphia 1864 

Thompson, David A Albany, N. Y 1864 

Tomlinson, S. Finley . . . Durham, N. C. . . 1865 

Taylor, Edward B Sewickley, Pa 1866 

Taylor, Charles Shoemaker . 110 N. 20th St., Philadelphia . ... 1867 

Thomas, Charles Yarnall . . Darlington, Md. 1868 

Thurston, Edward Day . . .236 E. 15th St., New Y^ork 1868 

Tomlinson, Allen J. . . . . Archdale, N. C 1869 

Thomas, Eichard H 236 W. Lanvale St., Baltimore, Md. . . 1869 

Trotter, Joseph 322 Walnut St., Philadelphia . . . . 1871 

Tebbetts, Charles Edwin . . Pasadena, Cal 1871 

Thompson, James B. . . . 2054 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1872 

•f- Tomlinson, Julius L 1872 

Trotter, Walter Newbold . 1806 Chestnut St., Philadelphia . ... 1872 

Taylor, Frank H 3304 Baring St., Philadelphia 1872 

t Taylor, Lewis Alfred 1873 

Taylor, Howard G Eiverton, N. J 1873 

Thompson, John J., Jr. . . 2024 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1874 

Taylor, Henry L 61 W. 8th St., Cincinnati, 1874 

Thomas, John M. W. . . .410 Eace St., Philadelphia 1874 

Townsend, Wilson .... Long Dale, Alleghany Co., Va 1875 

t Townsend, Clayton W 1878 

Thomas, Henry M 1228 Madison Avenue, Baltimore, ]Md. . 1878 

Thomas, Bond V Millville, N. J 1879 

Tyson, James W., Jr. . . . Charles and Lexington Sts., Baltimore, Md. 1879 

Tunis, Joseph P 2320 Delancey Place, Philadelphia . . . 1882 

Trotter, Francis L 1810 Chestnut St., Philadelphia .... 1882 

Trotter, Frederick N. . . . 1810 Chestnut St., Philadelphia .... 1882 

Tanner, Clarence Lincoln . Augusta, Me 1883 

t Trimble, William Webster 1883 

Takasaki, Koichi Japan (Yumi) 1884 

Thompson, Frank Earle . . Pottstown, Pa 1885 

Thomas, George Whitford, Pa 1887 

t Tod hunter, LaytonW 1888 

Tatnall, Eobert Eichardson Wilmington, Del 1888 

Tevis, Alfred Collins . . . Haverford, Pa 1888 

Todd, Henrv Arnold . . . Doylestown, Pa 1888 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 681 

Terrell, Charles Ernest • . New Vienna, Ohio 1889 

Thurber, Charles Herbert . Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y 1889 

Taylor, James Gurney . . Student at the College 1889 

Taber, David Shearman, Jr. Student at the College 1890 

Thomas, Frank Smith . . . Student at the College 1890 

+ TJnderhill, George W. 1835 

Underbill, William W. . . 192 S. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1837 

Underbill, Kobert Croton Landing, N. Y 1843 

tUnderhill, K. F 1850 

Updegraff, David B Mt. Pleasant, Ohio 1851 

+ Underbill, Edmund B 1851 

Underbill, Stephen, .... Croton Landing, N, Y 1854 

t Underbill, William H 1855 

Underbill, Edward B., Jr. . Little Best, Dutchess Co., N. Y 1857 

Underbill, Silas A 26 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1857 

Updegraff, William Eoss . Oak Grove, Iowa 1877 

Underbill, Joseph Turner . Englewood, Chicago, 111 1883 

Underbill, Alfred M. . . . Logansport, Ind 1883 

Uhler, Harvey Thomas . . 1825 N. Broad St., Philadelphia . . . . 1886 

Valentine, Eobert Bellefonte, Pa 1843 

Valentine, Jacob D Bellefonte, Pa 1843 

+ Valentine, William T 1848 

Valentine, George Bellefonte, Pa • . 1848 

t Valentine, Bond 1848 

Valentine, Abram S. . . . Atlantic City, N. J 1849 

-f- Valentine, Samuel K 1853 

i-Vaux, Eoberts, . . 1855 

Vail, Benjamin A Eahway, N. J 1861 

Valentine, Benjamin E. . . 26 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y 1862 

-f- Vail, George Eequa 1877 

Vail, John Eandolph . . . Los Angeles, Cal. . 1-877 

Vail, E. Herbert Geneva, N. Y 1880 

Vaux, George, Jr Girard Building, Philadelphia 1881 

Veeder, Herman Greig . . Allegheny, Pa. . , 1884 

Vail, Fred. Neilson .... Los Angeles, Cal 1885 

Valentine, John Eeed . . . 2027 Pine St., Philadelphia 1886 

Valentine, Edward Abram . Atlantic City, N. J 1887 

Valentine, George .... Bellefonte, Pa 1887 

Vaux, William Sansom, Jr. Student at the College • • • 1889 

i- Wistar, B. Wyatt 1833 

Walton, Joseph Moorestown, N. J 1833 

Williams, Joseph K. . . . Philadelphia, Pa 1835 

t Warder, William P ....... 1836 



682 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

Wistar, Kichard Wills' Eye Hospital, Philadelphiii .... 1837 

fWinslow, John R 1838 

t White, Elias A 1838 

White, Francis Gay and Lombard Sts., Baltimore, Md. . . 1838 

Winslow, Caleb 924 McCulIoh St., Baltimore, Md 1839 

tWigham, Thomas M 1840 

Wood, William E 112 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md. . . 1840 

t Wood, Richard 1841 

Wood, Joseph 39 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia . . 1841 

t Wines, Gilbert H 1842 

Wistar, Isaac Jones .... 233 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia 1842 

Wright, Benjamin H., . . . Care Robt. Furnace, Indianapoli.«, Ind. . 1842 

t Willetts, Jeremiah 1842 

Wright, John Howard . . . 346 Lexington Ave., New York 1842 

t Walker, Thomas 1844 

t Walker, Robert . . 1844 

Wood, George B Mt. Airy, Germantown, Philadelphia . . 1844 

Wood, Richard 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia . . . . 1848 

t Walton, James M 1848 

-}- Walton, Francis 1848 

t Weaver, Thomas 1849 

t Wistar, Caspar 1849 

Whitall, James 410 Race St., Philadelphia ....... 1849 

Willets, John T 303 Pearl St., New York 1850 

t Walton, Isaac M 1851 

Wood, William C Haddonfield, N. J 1851 

Wood, Edward R 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1852 

Wistar, Thomas 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1853 

t Wistar, W.Wilberforce 1853 

Wood, Stephen Care Henry Wood, Mt. Kisco. N. Y. . . 1854 

Wood, James Mt. Kisco, N. Y 1854 

Witmer, John S Paradise, Pa 1854 

Wildes, Thomas Kingston, Jamaica 1855 

Wood, William H. S. . . . 8 E. Sixty-third St., New York . . . . 1855 

Wood, George 626 Chestnut St., Philadelphia ..... 1855 

Wood, Isaac F Rahway, N. J 1856 

Willets, William Henry . . 53 Park Ave., New York 1856 

t Wood, Randolph 1857 

Williams, Horace 1717 Pine St., Philadelphia 1858 

Wistar, Caleb Cresson ... 126 N. Front St., Phihidelphia 1861 

Woodward, Thomas, Jr. . . 71 Wall St., New York 1862 

Witmer, A. Exton .... Paradise, Pa, 1863 

Wistar, John . Salem, N. J 1863 

Wood, Walter 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia .... 1863 

t Walton, William Kite 1865 

AVistar, Bartholomew . . . Cleveland, Oliio 1865 



LIST OF STUDENTS. 683 

Wood, Charles Germantown, Philadelphia 1865 

Wills, Joseph Henry . . . 100 Cooper St., Camden, N. J 1866 

Whitlock, James Gilbert . . Kichmond, Va 1 866 

Wood, Walter Care T. & T. Wood, New Bedford, Mass . 1866 

Wood, Henry Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. . . 1866 

Wood, Stuart 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1866 

Winslow, Eandolph .... Mount Koyal Terrace, Baltimore, Md. . 1867 

Wistar, Edward Morris . . 119 S. 4th St., Philadelphia 1869 

Warner, George Malin . . 131 S. 2d St., Philadelphia 1870 

Warrington, Curtis H. . . . West Chester, Pa 1871 

White, Miles, Jr Box .362, Baltimore, Md 1871 

White, David F Fountain City, Ind 1872 

Warrington, T. Francis . . West Chester, Pa ] 873 

White, Oliver Arkansas City, Ark 1874 

White, George Wilson . . . Belvidere, N. C 1874 

Whitall, John Mickle ... 410 Kace St., Philadelphia 1876 

White, Thomas Newby . . Greensboro, N. C 1876 

Whitall, Thomas Wistar. . 9 E. Penn St., Germantown, Philadelphia 1877 

Winslow, Thomas Newby . Belvidere, N. C. . 1877 

Winston, John Clark . . . 139 W. Penn St., Germantown, Philadelphia 1877 

White, Walter Belvidere, N. C 1877 

Winston, Lindley Murray . Eedlands, Cal 1878 

Wilbur, Henry L Bryn Mawr, Pa 1879 

Worthington, Thomas K. . 1417 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md 1879 

White, W. Alpheus . . . Brunswick, Eandolph Co., N. C 1879 

Whitney, Charles H. . . . Bryn Mawr, Pa. . 1879 

Whitney, Louis B Bryn Mawr, Pa 1879 

Wetherell, John M. ... 3435 Lancaster Avenue, Philadelphia . . 1880 

White, Francis A 1221 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. . . . 1880 

t Wilson, Matthew T 1881 

White, Elias H Girard College, Philadelphia 1881 

White, Wilfred W. . . Odessa, Ector Co , Texas 1882 

Wadsworth, Edward Borland Bullitt Building, Philadelphia 1883 

Wickersham, William F. . Westtown, Chester Co., Pa 1883 

Wood, George Bacon . . . 1313 Spruce St., Philadelphia 1883 

Wright, William Moorhead, 1419 Arch St., Philadelphia 1883 

While, Eichard Janney . . Gay and Lombard Sts., Baltimore, Md. . . 1884 

Wood, William Congdon . . 56 Lafayette Place, New York 1884 

Wilson, Calvert Washington, D. C. . . - - . 1884 

Wood, Charles Eandolph . 1630 Locust St., Philadelphia 1884 

Wright, Eobert Cassel . . . Dennisville, N. J 1884 

Wood, Gilbert Congdon . . 56 Lafayette Place, New York 1885 

Walton, Ernest Forster . . 348 Lexington Avenue, New York . . . 1886 

Whitney, John Drayton . . Bryn Mawr, Pa 1887 

West, Nelson Lefiin .... Student at the College 1888 

Wood, Joseph Eemington . Student at the College 1889 



684 HISTORY OF HAYERFORD COLLEGE. 

Westcott, Henry M Eichmond, Ind 1889 

^Vestcott, Eugene Marion. . Shawano, Wis. 1889 

Whitall, Franklin .... Student at the College 1889 

Wright, Giftbrd King . . . Student at the College 1889 

Wood, James Henry . . . Student at the College 1889 

AVoolman, Edward .... Student at the College 1889 

Warden, . Herbert Watson. Student at the College 1890 

Warden, Nelson Bushnell . Student at the College 1890 

Walker, Frank Dinwiddle . Student at the College 1890 

Williams, Parker Shortridge Student at the College 1890 

Wood, Arnold Student at the College 1890 

Yarnall, William 301 S. 39th St., Philadelphia 1833 

t Yarnall, Francis C 1842 

Y^arnall, Ellis H 119 S. 4th St., Philadelphia 1853 

fY^ardley, Edwin 1856 

Y^arnall, Charlton ..... 1636 Walnut St., Philadelphia .... 1880 

Yarnall, Harold Eliis . . . Haverford, Pa 1883 

Young, Frank L Military School, Sing Sing, New York . . 1885 

Y^arnall, Stanley Rhoads . Student at the College 1888 

Zook, John M 1728 N. 19th St., Philadelphia 1860 



MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY 



PROM 



The Opening of Haverford School in 1833 to the End of the 
College Year 1889- 1890. 



NAME. 

Samuel Hilles . . 
Joseph Thomas 
John Collins . . . 
John Gummere 
Daniel B. Smith . 
Benjamin F. Hardy 
John Gummere . . 
William Gummere 
William Dennis 
Samuel J. Gummere 
Benjamin H. Deacon 
Andrew Comstock . 
Benjamin V. Marsh 
Isaac Davis .... 
G. Pasaderain De Thel 
Henry D. Gregory 
Joseph W. Aldrich 
Jonathan Richards 
William S. Hilles 
James M. Price 
Charles M. Allen 
Lindley M. Moore 
Hugh D. Vail 
Joseph W. Aldricl 
Albert K. Smiley 
Alfred H. Smiley 
Dougan Clark 
Joseph Cartland 
Zaccheus Test . 
Stephen Roberts 
Franklin E. Paige . . 
Jonathan J. Comfort 



igny 



TITLE OF APPOINTMENT. 

Superintendent 

Latin and Greek 

Drawing and Classics 

Mathematics 

Moral Philosophy and English . . 
Assistant Superintendent .... 
Mathematics and Superintendent . 

English and Classics 

Classics • 

Classics 

Preparatory Department .... 

Elocution 

Assistant Superintendent .... 

Superintendent 

French 

Classics 

Mathematics and Natural Philosophy 

Steward 

Assistant 

Assistant in Cla'-sics 

Assistant in Mathematics .... 
Superintendent and Teacher ... 

Mathematics 

Classics and Ancient Literature . 

Assistant 

Assistant 

Assistant 

Superintendent and Teacher . . . 

Assistant 

Assistant 

Assistant ■ 

Assistant 

(085) 



TEEM OF 
SERVICE. 

1833-1834 

1833-1834 

1833-1835 

1833-1843 

1833-1845 

1834-1837 

1834-1838 

1834-1838 

1834-1840 

1834-1844 

1835-1835 

1836-1837 

1837-1844 

1838-1839 

1840-1841 

1843-1845 

1843-1845 

1843-1846 

1844-1845 

1845-1845 

1845-1845 

1848-1850 

1848-1852 

1848-1853 

1849-1853 

1849-1853 

1850 

1850-1853 

1850-1853 

1851-1851 

1851-1853 

1852 



686 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 



NAME. 

Joseph Thomas 
Jolin E.. Hubbard 
John F. Rowell 
"William A. Eeynolds 
Jonathan Richards 
Joseph G. Harlan 
Paul Swift .... 
Henry S. Schell . 
Thomas H. Burgess 
Cyrus Mendenhall 
Jesse S. Cheyney . 
Timothy Nicholson 
Thomas Chase . . 
George H. Sluart . 
John Kern • . . 
Joseph G. Harlan 
Joseph Jones . . 
Thomas Wistar . . 
Moses C. Stevens - 
Jesse H. Haines . 
Lucien Crepon . . 
Charles Atherton . 
John B. Wilson . 
William F. Mitchell 
Thomas W. Lamb 
John W. Pinkham . 
Samuel J. Gummere 
Clement L. Smith . 
William Wetherald 
Edward D. Cope . . 
Samuel J. Gummere 
John H. Dillingham 
Albert P. Leeds . 
Henry Hartshorne 
Henry Wood . . . 
Oliver G. Owen 
Pliny Earle Chase 
Thomas Chase . . 
Isaac Sharpless . . 
Thomas E. Taylor 
Samuel Alsop, Jr., 
J. Franklin Davis 
Allen C. Thomas . 
Nereus Mendenhall 
Robert B. Warder 



TERM OP 

TITLE OF APPOINTMENT. SERVICE. 

Elocution 1852-1853 

Assistant in Classics 1853 

Assistant 1853-1853 

Classics 1853-1855 

Superintendent 1853-1857 

Mathematics 1853-1857 

English 1853-1865 

Drawing 1854 

Assistant 1854 

Assistant 1855 

Introductory Department 1855-1855 

Superintendent and Teacher .... 1855-1861 

Classics 1855-1886 

Tutor ,. 1856-1858 

Drawing 1856-1859 

Principal 1857-1857 

Superintendent 1857-1859 

Tutor 1858-1861 

Mathematics 1858-1862 

Superintendent 1859-1860 

Drawing 1860-1860 

Elocution and Assistant 1860-1862 

Drawing 1860-1865 

Superintendent 1861-1862 

Tutor 1861-1862 

Assistant 1862-1863 

Mathematics . , 1862-1874 

Assistant 1863-1865 

Superintendent 1864-1866 

Natural Science 1864-1867 

President 1864-1874 

Superintendent 1866-1878 

Natural Science (temporary) .... 1867 

Organic Science . . 1867-1871 

Tutor 1869-1870 

Tutor • • ■ 1870-1871 

Natural Science 1871-1886 

President 1874-1886 

Mathematics 1876 

Assistant 1876-1877 

Physics and Superintendent .... 1876-1878 

Assistant 1877-1879 

Prefect and Political Science . . . . 1878 

History and Ethics 1878-1880 

Chemistry and Physics 1879-1880 



MEMBEES OF THE FACULTY. 687 

NAME. TITLE OF APPOINTMENT. SEEVIClf 

Lyman B.Hall Chemistry and Physics 1880 

Francis G. Allinson . . . . Assistant in Classics 1880-1882 

Joseph Rhoads, Jr Instructor and Curator 1880-1883 

William Bishop Assistant in Observatory . . . 1880-1883 

Samuel J. Brun French 1881-1882 

Alfred G. Ladd Physical Culture 1881-1883 

Seth K. GifFord Greek and Latin 1882 

Charles E. Gause, Jr. . . Instructor and Curator 1883-1884 

Edwin Davenport ... Greek and Latin 1883-1886 

H. Carvill Lewis Geology 1883-1886 

Walter A. Ford Physical Culture 1883-1889 

Thomas Newlin Zoology and Botany 1884-1886 

James Beatty, Jr Engineering 1884-1886 

Alphonse N. Van Daeir . . French 1885-1886 

J. Eendel Harris Ecclesiastical History - 1 886 

Levi T. Edwards .... Engineering 1886 

Myron E. Sanford .... Latin and Discipline 1886 

Pliny Earle Chase .... Acting President 1886-1886 

Samuel Lepoids French 1886-1887 

J. Playfair McMurrich . . Biology 1886-1889 

Isaac Sharpless President 1887 

William C. Ladd French 1887 

Francis B. Gummere • . . English 1887 

Francis P. Leavenworth . . Director of Observatory ..... 1 887 

Frank Morley Matliematics 1887 

John Jones Instructor 1887-1888 

Robert W. Rogers .... Greek 1887-1889 

Henry Crew Physics 1888 

Winfield S. Hall Biology and Physical Culture . . . 1889 



OFFICERS AND MANAGERS 



Haverford School Association and The Corporation of Haver- 
ford College. 



PRESIDENT* 

APPOINTED. 

Wistar Morris lOih month 12th, 1886. 

T. Wistar Brown 4th " 10th, 1891. 



Henry Cope . . 
George Stewardson 
Abraham L. Pennock 
Cliarles Evans . 
Cliarles Ellis . . 
William S. Hilles 
Piiilip C. Garrett 
Edward Bettle, Jr. 
Charles Roberts . 
EUiston P. Morris 
George Vaux, Jr. 



SECRETARY.^ 
12tli month 30th, 



5th 

5th 

5th 

5th 

5th 

5th 

10th 

10th 

10th 

10th 



14th, 
14th, 

8th, 

9th, 
13th, 

9th, 
11th, 

9 th, 
12th, 
13th, 



1830. 
1832. 

1835. 
1837. 
1842. 
1861. 
1864. 
1875. 
1883. 
1886. 
1891. 



TREASURER.* 

12th month 30th, 1830. 
13th, 1844. 



Benjamin H. Warder . 

Isaiah Hacker ...... 5tli 

John Elliott 5th " 12th, 1845. 

Isaiah Hacker 5th " 11th, 1846. 

Wistar Morris 5th " 14th, 1860. 

JohnM. Whitall 5th " 13th, 1861. 

David Scull, Jr 4th " 9th, 1866. 

Edward Bettle, Jr 10th '•' 9th, 1883. 

Asa S. Wing 10th " 14th, 1884. 



SEKVED UNTIL. 

3d month 23d, 1891 



5th month 14th, 1832 



5th 

5th 

5th 

5th 

5th 

10th 

10th 

10th 

10th 



14th, 1835 
8th, 1837 
9th, 1842 

13th, 1861 
9th, 1864 

11th, 1875 
9th, 1883 

12th, 1886 

13th, 1891 



5th month 13th, 1844 



5th 
5th 
5th 
5th 
4th 
10th 
10th 



12th, 1845 
11th, 1846 
14th, 1860 
13th, 1861 
9th, 1866 
9th, 1883 
14th, 1884 



* The oflBce of President of the Corporation was not created until 1886. From 1830 to 1886 
the Secretary acted as presiding officer at all meetings of the Corporation. The President, 
Secretary and Treasurer arc ex-oliicio mcmljers of the Board of Managers, and the President 
presides at meetings of tlie Board. 

(688) 



OFFICERS AND MANAGERS. 089 
MANAGERS. 

APPOINTED. SEEVED UNTIL. 

Samuel Bettle 12th month 30th, 1830. 5tli montli 14tli, 1832 

Daniel B. Smith 12ih " 30th, 1830. 

John Griscom 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Gerard T. Hopkins .... I2th " 30th, 1830. 

John G. Hoskins 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Samuel B. Morris . .... r2tli " 30ili, 18.30. 

John Gummere ...... 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Benjamin W. Ladd .... 12th " 30tli, 1830. 

Thomas C. James 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Isaac Davis 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Thomas Evans . ... . 12tli " 30th, 1830. 

John Paul 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Abraham L. Pennock . . . 12iii " SOth, 1830. 

Isaac Collins ....... 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Bartholomew Wi>tar . . . 12th " SOth, 1830. 

Samuel Parsons 12th " 30t]i, 1830. 

Benjamin H. Warder . . . 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Samuel F. Mott 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Lindley Murray 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Thomas P. Cope . . 12th " 30th, 1830. 

George Stewardson .... 12th " SOth, 1830. 

Thomas Cock 12th " 30lh, 1830. 

Joseph King, Jr 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Henry Cope 12th " 30th, 1830. 

Thomas Kimher 12th " SOth, 1830. 

Charles Yarnall 12th ♦' .30th, 1830. 

Edward Bettle 5th " 14th, 1832. 

Isaac S. Loyd 5th " 12th, 1834. 

Samuel Bettle 5th " 12th, 1834. 

George Williams 5th " 12th, 1834. 

William F. Mott oth " 12th, 1834. 

Edward Yarnall 5th " 12th, 1834. 

Josiah White 5th " 14th, 1835. 

Samuel Hilles 5th " 14th, 18.35. 

Charles Evans 5th " 14th, 1835. 

John G. Hoskins 12th " 9th, 1836. 

John Farnum 5th " 9th, 1836. 

Mordecai L. Dawson . . 5th " 14th, 1838. 

Abraham Hilyard 5th " 14th, 1838. 

Josiah White 5th " 14th, 1838. 

Edward B. Garrigues . . . 5th " 13th, 18.39. 

Stephen P. Morris .... 5th " 13th, 1839. 

.John Elliott 5th " 13th, 1839. 

William E. Hacker .... 5th " 13th, 1839. 

44 



5th 


" 12th, 


,1834 


5tli 


" 12th 


,1834 


.3(1 


" 27th, 


,1834 


5tli ' 


' 14th, 


, 1835 


5th ' 


" 14(h, 


,1835 


5th ' 


'■' 14th, 


,1835 


5th ' 


' 14ih, 


, 1835 


5th ' 


9th, 


, 1836 


5th ' 


'' 14th, 


, 1838 


5th ' 


'' ]3ih, 


,1839 


r)th ' 


' 10th, 


,1841 


5ih ' 


" 10th, 


, 1841 


5th ' 


9th, 


, 1842 


5th 


Oth. 


, 1842 


5th ' 


9th, 


,1842 


5th ' 


'' 13th, 


1844 


5th ' 


' 11th, 


1846 


5th ' 


' 14th, 


1849 


5t!i ' 


' 14th, 


1849 


5th ' 


' 14th, 


1849 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1850 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1850 


5th ' 


' 12ih, 


1851 


5th ' 


8th, 


1865 


4th ' 


' 13tli, 


1868 


10th ' 


' 10th, 


1832 


5th ' 


' 14th, 


1838 


5th ' 


' 1.3th, 


1839 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1839 


5th ' 


' 11th, 


1846 


5th ' 


' 14th, 


1860 


5th ' 


Oth, 


1836 


5th " 14th, 


1838 


5th " 10th, 


1841 


5th ' 


' 10th, 


1841 


5th ' 


' 9tii, 


1859 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1839 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1839 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1844 


5th ' 


' lOtli, 


1841 


5th ' 


' lOih, 


1841 


5th " 


' 12th, 


1845 


5th ' 


' 13th, 


1850 



690 



HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 









APPO 


NTKD. 


SERVED 


UNTIL. 


William M. Collins .... 5th montl 


1 lOlh, 1841. 


5th montl 


1 13th, 1844 


Blakey Sharplet^s . . 






. 5ih " 


J 0th, 1841. 


5tli " 


13th, 1844 


Elihu Pickering . . 






. 5th " 


10th, 1841. 


5th " 


14th, 1840 


Alfred Cope .... 






. 5th " 


10th, 1841. 


5th " 


9th, 1853 


Townsend Sharple.-s . 






. 5th " 


10th, 1841. 


12th " 


SOtli, 1863 


James K. G reeves . . 






. 5th " 


9th, 184-_'. 


5tli " 


13lh, 18-14 


Joseph Trotter . . . 






. 5th " 


9tii, 1842. 


5tii " 


13th, 1844 


George Howhind . . 






5th " 


yth, 1842. 


5th " 


21st, 1852 


Charles Ellis .... 






. 5tli " 


9th, 1842. 


5th " 


12th, 1862 


Isaac Collins .... 






5tii " 


13th, 1844. 


5th " 


12th, 1845 


Abraham L. Ptnnock 






. 5th " 


13th, 1844. 


Lth " 


12th, 1845 


Paul W. Newhall . . 






5th " 


13th, 1844. 


9th " 


2d, 1848 


Josiah Tatum .... 






5tli " 


13th, 1844. 


4th " 


4th, 1853 


Samuel B. Parsons . 






. 5th " 


13th, 1844. 


5iii " 


lOLh, 1858 


Abraham L. I'ennock 






. 5th " 


10th, 1845. 


5ih " 


10th, 1852 


Isaiah Hacker . . . 






5th " 


12th, 1845. 


Olil " 


12th, 1862 


Samuel Rhoads . . . 






5th " 


12th, 1845. 


5th " 


9th, 1864 


Samuel Hilles . . . 






5th " 


12th, 1845. 


10th •' 


13th, 1873 


John Elliott .... 






5th " 


11th, 1846. 


5ih " 


14th, 1849 


David Scull .... 






5th " 


11th, 1846. 


5ih '• 


14ih, 1849 


Daniel B. Smitii - . 






. 5th " 


10th, 1846. 


lOlh " 


llih, 1849 


George Howland, Jr. 






5th " 


lltii, 1846. 


4tli " 


Pith, 18G1> 


Joel Cad bury .... 






. 5th " 


14th, 1849. 


5lh " 


11th, 1857 


Jeremiaii Hacker . . 






5th " 


14th, 1849. 


5lh " 


llth, 1857 


Robert P. Smith . . 






5th " 


14th, 1849. 


5ih " 


Oth, 1850 


Marmadiike C. Cope . . 






5tii " 


14th, 1849. 


5tli " 


8th, 1865 


John M. Whitall . . 






5th " 


14th, 1849. 


4th " 


12th, 1869 


Anthony M. Kiniber 






5ih " 


14th, 1849. 


4th " 


10th, 1871 


Edward Brown . . . 






5tii " 


13th, 1850. 


5th " 


9th, 185.} 


Francis T. King . . 






. 5th " 


13th, 1850. 


£th " 


llth, 1857 


Richard H. Thomas . 






. 5th " 


13th, 1850. 


5th '• 


Oth, 1850 


Theophilus E. Beesley 






. 5th '' 


13th, 1850. 


4tli " 


9th, 1866 


Francis R. Cope . . 






5th " 


12ih, 1851. 


5th " 


10th, 1812 


Paul Swift 






5th " 


lOih, 1852. 


5ih " 


8th, 1854 


Wistar Morris . . . 






5th " 


10th, 1852. 


3d 


23d, 1891 


T. Wistar BrowTi . . 






5lh " 


9th, 1853. 






Samuel AUinson, .Jr. . 






. 5th " 


9lh, 1853. 


5th " 


14th, 1855 


Samuel F. Trotli . . 






5th " 


9th, 1853. 


oth " 


12th, 1856 


Samuel Allinson, Jr. . 






5th " 


9th, 1853. 


7ih " 


llth, 1875 


Nathaniel Randolph . 






5lh " 


8th, 1834. 


5lh " 


14th, 18.i5 


Joseph W. Taylor . . 






5th " 


8th, 1854. 


lOtli " 


12th, 1880 


Robert Lindley Murray 






Sth " 


14th, 1855. 


5th " 


lOtii, 1858 


David Scull . . 






5tli " 


14th, 1855. 


5th " 


8th, 1865 


Harrison Aldersou . . 






5th " 


14th, 1855. 


4th " 


Sth, 18(>7 


Richard Richardson . . 






5th " 


12th, 1856. 


5th " 


llih, 1857 



OFFICERS AND MANAGERS. 



691 



James Wliitall . 
Henry Haitshoine 
William S. Hilles . 
William Bettle . . 
Haydock Gariigiies 
Hugh D. Vail . . 
James Carey Thomas 
Edward Garrett . . 
Benjamin V. Marsh 
Henry Hartsliorne 
Philip C. Garrett . 
Benjamin Coates . 
Thomas P. Cope 
William C. Longstre 
James E. Rhoads . 
Richard Cadbuiy . 
David Scull, Jr. 
William Evans, Jr. 
George S. Garret t . 
John Farnum . . . 
Abram S. Tayh r . 
Joel Cadbury, Jr. . 
John E. Carter . . 
Thomas Wistar, Jr. 
Edward Rhoads . . 
Richard Wood . . 
John S. Haines . . 
William H. Kicliolhon 
Robert B. Haines . 
Charles Hartsliorne 
William R Thurs'.on 
William F. Mott , 
William G. Rhoads 
George Howland, J 
Francis T. King 
John B. Garrett . . 
Thomas Kimber 
Edward Bettle, Jr. 
Charles Roberts . . 
John S. Hilles . . 
Edward L. Scull . 
Charles S. Taylor . 
Francis White . . 
Howard Comfort . 
Benjamin H. Shoemaker 





APPOINTED, 


SERVED 


UNTII 




5th 


month 11th, 1857. 








5th 


" 11th, 1857. 


otii montl 


14th 


1860 


5ih 


" 11th, 1857. 


4th " 


lOih 


1871 


5ih 


" 10th, 1858. 


5th " 


12th 


1862 


5th 


9th, 1859. 


4ih " 


9th 


1866 


5th 


" 9th, 1859. 


10th " 


10th 


1882 


5th 


" 14th, 1860. 








5th 


" 14tb, 1860. 


5th " 


9th 


1864 


5th 


" 14th, 1860. 


10th " 


9th, 


1883 


5th 


" 13th, 1861. 


4th " 


13th, 


1868 


5tli 


" 12th, 1862. 








5th 


" 12th, 1862. 


5th " 


9th, 


1864 


5th 


9th, 1864. 


4th " 


10th, 


1871 


5th 


9th, 1864. 


4th " 


25th, 


1881 


5th 


9th, 1864. 


]2ih " 


5th 


1884 


5th 


8th, 1865. 








5th 


8th, 1865. 








5th 


eth, 1865. 


4th " 


lOih, 


1871 


4th 


9th, 1866. 


4 th " 


12tli 


1869 


4th 


fth, 1£66. 


10th " 


13th, 


1873 


4th 


ah, 1^67. 


4ih " 


13th, 


1868 


4th 


8;h, 1S67. 


llth " 


17th, 


1881 


4th 


" 13th, 1868. 


4th " 


lOth, 


1871 


4th 


" 13lh, 1863. 


4th " 


10th, 


1871 


4th 


" 13ih, ir68. 


1st " 


15th, 


1871 


4th 


" 12ih, 1£69. 








4th 


" 12tb, 1£69. 


4tli " 


10th, 


1871 


4tb 


" 12th, 1^69. 


4th " 


10th, 


1871 


4ili 


" 11th, 1870. 








4th 


" lOih, 1871. 








4lh 


" 10th, 1871. 








4ih 


" 10th, 1871. 


10th " 


8th, 


1878 


4th 


" 10th, 1871. 


4th " 


28th, 


1880 


4th 


" 10th, 1871. 


10th " 


lltli. 


1887 


4th 


" 10th, 1871. 


12ih " 


18th, 


1891 


4th 


" 8th, 1872. 








4th 


8th, 1872. 


10th " 


14t]i, 


1872 


10th 


" 14th, 1872. 








lOih 


" 14th, 1872. 








10th 


" 13th, 1873. 


6tb " 


2d, 


1876 


10th 


" nth, 1875. 


6th " 


14th, 


1884 


10th 


9th, 1876. 


10th " 


12th, 


1880 


10th 


" 8th, 1878. 








lOtb 


" 12th, 1880. 








lOili 


" 12th, 1880. 









SERVED 


rXTIL. 




lOtli month 


14th, 


1890 


4tli " 


loth, 


18S7 


10th " 


24th, 


1884 


12th " 


5th, 


1884 



692 HISTORY OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE. 

APPOINTED. 

William S. Taylor ... 10th month 12ih, 1880. 

William Penn Evans . . . 10th " 10th, 1881. 

John T. Morris 11th " 17th, 1881. 

Henry Bettle 10th " 10th, 1882. 

Justus C. Strawbriclge . . . 10th " 9th, 1883. 

Asa S. Wing lOlh " 14th, 1884. 

Elliston P. Morris 10th '' 24tii, 1884. lOth " 13th, 1891 

Francis Stokes • ... 1st " 9th, 1885. 

James Wood 1st " 9th, 1^85. 

Abram F. Huston 10th " 12tii, 1886. 

J. Preston Thomas .... 6th " 3d, 1887. 

William H. Haines .... 10th " 11th, 1887. 

Walter Wood 10th " 14th, 1890. 

John T. Morris lOtli " 12th, 1891. 

George Vaux, Jr 10th " 13th, 1891. 



OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 

WITH THE 

YEARS OF THEIR ELECTION. 



YEAR. President. 

1856. Dr. Thomas F. Cock. 

1857. Benjamin V. Marsh. 

1858. Francis R. Cope. 
185n. Francis R. Cope. 

1860. Francis T. King. 

1861. Francis T. King. 

1862. Thomas P. Cope. 

1863. Francis T. King. 

1864. Robt. Lindley Murray. 

1865. Robt. Lindley Murray. 

1866. Robt. Lindley Murray. 

1867. Dr. Jas. Carey Thomas. 

1868. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1869. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1870. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1871. Charles Hartshorne. 

1872. Charles Hartshorne. 

1873. Benjamin V. Marsh. 

1874. David Scull, Jr. 

1875. David Scull, Jr. 

1876. Philip C. Garrett. 

1877. Philip C. Ganett. 

1878. Isaac F. Wood. 

1879. John B. Garrett. 

1880. John B. Garrett. 

1881. Joseph Parrish. 

1882. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1883. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1884. Howard Comfort. 

1885. Howard Comfort. 

1886. Charles Roberts. 

1887. Charles Roberts. 

1888. Dr. James J. Levick. 

1889. Dr. James J. Levick. 

1890. Francis B. Gummere. 



SECRETARY. 

Robert Bowne. 
David Scull, Jr. 
David Scull, Jr. 
John B. Garrett. 
John B. Garrett. 
John B. Garrett. 
John B. Garrett. 
John B. Garrett. 
Barthol. W. Beesley. 
Barthol. W. Beesley. 
Dr. Edw. Rhoads. 
Dr. Edw. Rho:ids. 
Edward L. Scull. 
Edward L. Scull. 
Henry Battle. 
Henry Bettie. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Walter Wood. 
Edward P. AUinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Edward P. Allinson. 
Nathaniel B. Crenshaw. 
Nathaniel B. Crenshaw. 



TREASURER. 

Edmund A. Crenshaw. 
Henry H. G. Sharpless. 
John S. Hilles. 
John S. Hilles. 
John S. Hilles, 
John S. Hilles. 
John S. Hilles. 
Edward R. Wood. 
Edward R. Wood. 
Edward R. Wood. 
Charles Roberts. 
Charles Roberts. 
Charles Roberts. 
Charles Roberts. 
Thomas K. Longstjeth. 
Howard Comfort. 
Howard Comfort. 
Howard Comfort. 
Reuben Haines. 
Reuben Haines. 
Reuben Haines. 
Reuben Haines 
Reuben Haines. 
Thomas K. Longslreth. 
Thomas K. Longstreth. 
Thomas K. Longstreth. 
Thomas K. Longstreth. 
Benjamin H. Lowry. 
Benjamin H. Lowry. 
Benjamin H. Lowry. 
Samuel Mason. 
Samuel Mason. 
Samuel Mason. 
Samuel Mason. 
Samuel Mason. 



(693) 



ORATORS, POETS AND PRIZE WINNERS OF 
THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 



YEAR. (IRATDK.S. 

1857. Isaacs. Serrill. 

1858. Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

1859. Cliarles Taber. 

1860. Dr. James J. Levick. 

1861. Richard Wood. 

1862. Franklin E. Paige. 

1863. Dr. Zaccheus Test. 

1864. Dr. Jas. Carey Tliomas. 

1865. Edward E. Wood. 

1866. Joseph Parrish. 

1867. Dr. Edward Elio:ids. 

1868. Lloyd P. Smith. 

1869. Henry Bettle. 

1870. Eubert B. Taber. 

1871. Samuel C. Collin^. 

1872. Charles E. Pratt. 

1873. Clement L. Smith. 

1874. Jos. G. Pinkham. 

1875. Allen C. Thomas. 

1876. Eichard M. Jones. 

1877. Francis B. Gum mere. 

1878. Joseph K. Murray. 

1879. Dr. NereusMendenhall. 

1880. Philip C. Garrett. 

1881. Henry Wood. 
1882. 

1883. John B. Garrett. 

1884. Dr. James Tyson. 

1885. Francis G. Allinson. 

1886. Alden Sampson. 

1887. Dr. Eobert H. Chase. 

1888. Dr. Morris Longstreth. 

1889. George G. Mercer. 

1890. Edward P. Allinson. 



Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 
Allen C. Thomas. 



Joseph Parrish. 



Charles E. Pratt. 
Francis B. Gummere. 

Dr. Henry Hartshorne. 

Eoberts Vaux. 
Francis B. Giimmere. 



INDEKGRADU.^TK 
PRIZE WIXXEKS. 



Dr. Edward Ehoads. 



E. Henry Holme. 
Francis K, Carey. 
John H. Gifford. 
Josiah P. Edwards. 
Charles E. Gause. 
John C. Winston. 
Wilmot R. Jones. 
Charles E. Jacob. 
Augustus T. Murray. 
William S. HiUes. 
Henry H. Goddard. 
William H. Futrell. 
Howell S. England. 
Edward M. Angell. 
Henry L. Gilbert. 



(694) 



INDEX. 



A BBOTT : his " Series of Historical 
-^ Sketches," 211. 

Academical Department, 255, 275. 
Academy of Natural Sciences, 156. 
Ackworth, England : school established 
1779, 43. 

Floiinders Institute, 334. 
"Ad Horologium Meum," 398. 
Adams, Justus, on jury at mock -trial, 125. 
Adams, S., 179. 
Adams's Latin Grammar, 517. 
Address on condition of School, to 
Friends, 164. 

paragraphs from, 166. 
Ad rain, Robert, correspondence with 

John Gummere, 154. 
Agassiz, 519. 

"Agathos" [the good], 140. 
Alderson, Harrison, 314. 
Aid rich, Joseph W., 478. 

essay on " Events in France," 215. 

Ills life in detail, 194-196. 

illness and death, 1865, 196, 363. 

received hon. degi-ee of A. M., 196. 

resigns, 1853, 196. 

teacher of Latin, etc., 1848, 185. 

teacher of Mathematics, 149, 250. 
Allen, William, 54, 225. 
Allibone, S. Austin, on Memorial of 

John Gummere, 152. 
Allinson, Edward P., 399, 415, 581. 

annual address, 576. 
Allinson, (Prof.), F. G., 451, 463. 
Allinson, William J., Memorial of John 
Gummere, 152. 



Alsop, Samuel, Jr., 405, 420, 4.35, 566. 

appointed Superintendent, 405. 

death, 1888, 442. 

resigns, 441. 
Alsop, Samuel, Sr., 405. 

his school in Wilmington, Del., 195. 
Alumni, meeting, 1861, 300. 

meeting, 1863, 314. 

meeting at College of Pharmacy, 265- 
266. 

reunion in Union League Club, 1876, 
412-413. 
Alumni Association, 169, 273,307, 313, 
363, 364,367,468,471. 

and Barclay Hall, 1863, 309. 

and degrees, 266. 

appointed Trustees of Library Fund, 
267. 

Board of Trustees, 267. 

Building for the Society, 266-267. 

Building Fund, 268. 

Committee on Hall, 266. 

erection of Hall, 305. 

first regular meeting, 266-267. 

formation, 1856, 261. 

history in detail, 577-581. 

lines from address, 1880, 127. 

list of first officers, 265. 

meeting, 1863, 305-306. . 

meeting, 1877, 418. 

meeting, 1890, 576. 

meeting at St. George's Hall, 1889, 
580. 

meetiog at Union League Club 
House, 1888, 580. 



(695) 



696 



INDEX. 



Alumni Association, meetings and reso- 
lutions, 257-268. 
officers' list, 693. 
permanent library fund, '60S. 
prize for essay on Arbitration, 577- 

578. 
prize for oratory, 578. 
prize for undergraduates, 266. 
report as to bettering College, 1877, 

367-374. 
reunion, 1864, in Barclay Hall, 309. 
subscriptions for Hall, 267. 
winter meeting, 1890, 580. 
Alumni Committee, 467,469. 
Alumni Day, 1890, 589. 

ladies invited, 1884,579. 
Alumni dinner, 1888, 438. 
Alumni Hall, 290, 296, 319, 329, 330, 
342, 351, 404, 454, 455, 462, 
488,495,498,514,531,532, 
553, 556, 558, 563, 576, 577, 
606, 608, 617, 622, 645. 
an 1 new library, 267. 
builders' claim, 363. 
called our " Chapel," 329. 
completion, 308. 
engraved on gold medul, 365. 
Friends' Conference, 1880, 450. 
lectures, 465. 
Loganian's fiftieth anniversary, 471, 

479. 
meeting of societies in, 646. 
subscriptions to, 308, 309. 
view, 261. 
Alumni Medallist, 365. 
Alumni professorship, committee on, 375. 

proposed, 373. 
Alumni Society, 169. 
American Association for Advancement 

of Science, 408. 
American Health Association, 408. 
"American History," by James Wood, 

465. ' 
American Medical Association, 408. 
American Philosophical Society, 23, 154, 
156,399,408,463,525,527. 



American Philosophical Society, circular 
from, 119. 

American Yearly Meetings, 433. 

"America's Place in History," 455. 

Amherst, 452. 

Amos, the mendacious, 462. 

"Analytical Geometry," 352. 

Anderson, 416. 

"Anglo-Saxon Metaphor, The," by Fran- 
cis B. Gummere, 565. 

Anti-slavery, 608. 

discussions, 31, 132. 
Society, meeting, 228. 

Apostrophe, An, 231. 

Apprentices' Library and Daniel B. 
Smith, 156. 

Arbitration, prize for essay on, 578. 

Arbor, The, 597. 

Arch of old greenhouse ; view, 184. 

Archer, Joseph, 144. 

Ardmore, 137, 300, 423, 539. 

Argand gas burners introduced, 1863, 312. 

Arianism among Friends, •' 6. 

Armstrong, W. S., 322. 

Arnold, (Dr.), 97, 303, 485, 488. 

Arnold, Matthew, quoted, 347. 

Arnold, William D., counsel for defend- 
ants at mock trial, 125. 

Arnold'sLectureson Modern History, 439. 

Arthur, Charlie, his ice-cream saloon, 206. 

Arthur's, supper at, 322. 

Ascliam, Roger, his five essays, 57. 
on education, 57. 
quoted, 96. 

Ashbridge, Abraham S., 600. 

Ashbridge, John, 412. 

Ashbridge, R., 361. 

Ashbridge, W., 322. 

Astronomical department, 252. 
observatory, 130. 

Astronomy and senior class, 453. 

with Longstreth's or Shipley's 
classes, 376. 

Athenajum, The, 278, 311, 312, 33], 379, 
390, 443, 447, 465, 550, 595, 
601, 602,605, ()()(), ()07, 60S. 



INDEX. 



697 



Athenaeum, The, defeats Everett at 
cricket, 416. 
entertainment to, by the Everett, 

380. 
gift of 900 volumes to college libra- 
ry, 559, 620. 
history in detail, 604-607. 
increased activity, 486. 
its " archives," 351. 
its librarj-, 605, 620. 
library sold by Faculty, 391. 
Shakespeare admitted into library, 
354. 
Alliens University, Greece, 520. 
Athensville, later called Ardmore, 137, 

274, 300, 329. 
Athletic Association, 570, 574. 
ground for, 560-561. 
spring sports, 1890, 576. 
Athletic sports languish, 357. 
Atlantic Monthly, 597, 619. 
Australia team, 428. 
Avengers, The, boxing club, 281, 284. 
Ayton school, 43. 

Dabylonish garment of Hugh D. 

^ Vail, 190, 192. 

Bache, (Dr.), and " U. S. Dispensatory," 

156. 
Bacon, (Lord), 488. 
Bacon, W. H., 179. 
Bahama Islands, 559. 
Bailey, Joseph L., 262. 
Bailey, Joseph T., 508. 
Bailey, Marie Louif-e, 508. 
Baily, 589, 590. 
Baily, A. L., 428, 430. 
Baily, F. L., 428, 430. 
Baily, H. L., 576. 
Baily, Harry P., 593. 
Baily, Joseph L., 212. 
Baily, William L., 593. 
Baird, Loper, 429. 
Bala, North Wales, 500, 501. 
Ball alley, 113, 126, 135, 597. 
Ball field, 288. 



Ball in 1840, 135. 

Ballitore, Irelan.l, 44. 

Ball's Bluff, 325. 

Baltimore, 170, 178, 212, 262, 450, 463, 

474. 
Bancroft, George, on George Fox, 165. 
Bangs, 362. 

Bank of North America, 505. 
Barclay Hall, 110, 128, 205, 244, 279, 291, 
309,321,365,371,420,421, 
440, 458, 469, 486, 491, 495, 
510, 534, 537, 539, 545, 547, 
551, 552, 553, 558, 560, 562, 
563, 573, 574, 606, 608, 646. 
and Edward L. Scull, 404. 
and the calf episode, 464. 
Building Committee appointed, 404. 
built, 1876-81, 418. 
conflagration in, 466. 
contract violated, 309, 310. 
corner-stone laid, 1863, 309. 
details of its growth, 422-426. 
fire escapes, 514. 
its architecture, 310. 
opened, 1877, 405, 419. 
photograph on fifiieth anniversary, 

471. 
student's room, view, 573. 
view, 418. 

view of entrance, 470. 
Barclay, John, 189. 

Barclay, Robert, minister, and Governor 
of East Jersey, 59, 189. 
on Classical Schools, 40. 
Barclay the Apologist, 200. 
Barton, Bernard, 54. 
Barton, Elizabeth H., 398. 
Barton, George A., 640. 
Barton, Jonathan, to give up the farm, 

149. 
Bartram, John, 54. 
Bartram, Peter, 54. 

Baseball^ 287, 293, 294, 299, 329, 339, 379, 
442, 460, 584, 589, 649. 
compared with football, 323. 
in 1873, 414. 



698 



INDEX. 



Biiseliall, on fiftieth anniversary, 470. 
record, 584. 

witli Swarilimore, 554, 584, 585. 
witli Westtown, 34it, 37(?, 584. 

Basel lall Association founded, 585. 
Players' Clironicle, 349. 

Bath College, England, 558. 

Baur, Gustav, Collection, 621. 

Baiir Library, 7,000 volumes purchased, 
575. 

Beasley, F., 322. 

Beatty, James, Jr., 496. 

Bechtel, J. H., 640. 

Beck, 519. 

Bedford Commercial Bank ; George How- 
land, President, 181. 

Belgian Society of Geology, etc., 318. 

Bell required on grounds of "sound 
learning," 363. 

Beller.", John, Proposals for Kaising a 
College in 1696, 41. 

Belmont, 26, 199. 

defeated by Haverford, 1876, 426. 

Benezet, Anthony, Master of Penn 
Charter School, 50. 

Benezet, Benjamin, his "Hannibal Dy- 
ing," 235. 

Berks County, Pa., 212. 

Berlin University, 513, 520. 

Bettle, Edward, 61, 63, 69. 

Bettle, Edward, Jr., 292, 480. 

Bettle, Henry, 293, 431, 475. 

Bettle, Samuel, minister of the Society 
of Friends, 69, 72, 205, 483, 
587, 588, 593. 

Bettle, Samuel, (3cl), 259. 

Bible Association of Friends, 56. 

Bi-Centennial in Philadelphia, 464-465. 

Bickford, George H., 640. 

Bicycle riding, 587. 

Biddle, John, and anthracite, 23. 

Biddle, John, and Daniel B. Smith, 155. 

Biddle, Owen, his tract, 1790, 51. 

Bingliam House, 295. 

Binney, Horace, and Haverford College 
rules, 104. 



Binney, Horace, deemed gas criminal, 25. 
opinion on Constitution of Associa- 
tion, 163. 
prepared Memorial to Legislature, 
164. 

Birdsall, William, 61. 

Blaine, James G., quoted on Quakers, 
191. 

Blair, W. A., 446. 

Blockley, 501, 502. 

Bockh, 520. 

Bohlen, 590. 

Boldt's Kestaurant, Bullitt Building, 
meeting of Alumni Associa- 
tion, 1890, 580. 

Bolingbroke, Lord, 488. 

Boll and " ice cream," 350. 

Bonfire not extinguishable by coal-oil, 
464. 

Bonn University, 513. 

Bordentown to Perth-Amboy, second 
railroad in United States, 
486. 

Borie, Beauveau, 321. 

Botanical garden ; See Loganian Society. 

Bouvier's Law Dictionary omitted to be 
consulted, 278. 

Bowditch, Nathaniel, correspondence 
with Jolin Gum mere, 154. 

Bowdoin College, 654. 

Bowne, Eobert, 265, 480, 598. 

Boyd, William, 87. 

Boys' gardens, 200. 

Bradford Academy, Mass., 450. 

Brahe, Tycho, 225. 

Bi'ahmo-Somaj, 477. 

Braithwaite, Joseph Bevan, 413, 622. 
presents fac-simile of Codex Vati- 
canus, 334. 

Brandywine, battle-field, 22. 

Branson, 554. 

Brantock, his Integral Calculus, 235-236. 

Brewster, Frederick, 428, 429. 

Bridge, Old, over the railroad Bed, view, 
198. 

Briggs, 582. 



INDEX. 



699 



Brinton, 582. 

British Association for Advancement of 
Science, annuiil meeting, 
494. 
Brooke, Alfred, 605. 
Broomall, W. B., 292. 

and cricket, 320. 
Brown, David S., 179. 
Brown, Ernest William, 640. 
Brown, Gooid, the grammarian, 54, 67. 
Brown, Jeremiah, 408. 
Brown, Moses, 179, 398. 

and Portrimouth Scliool, 45. 

portrait, 45. 
Brown, Obadiah, 46. 
" Brown, Tom," 455. 
Brown University, 335, 399, 565. 
Bruce, Luke, 329. 
Bryant, William Cullen, 488. 
Bryce, James, his " Homer and Dante," 

489. 
Bryn Mawr, 19, 286, 300, 423, 539, 549, 
550, 563. 

price of land, 199. 
Bryn Mawr College and Albert K. 
Smiley, 207. 

Denbigh Hall, view, 542. 

opened, 541. 

opening exercises, 1885, 514. 

Taylor Hall, view, 451. 
Bryn Mawr hotel, burning of, 563. 
Buchanan, President U. S., 297. 
Buck Lane meeting house erected, 107. 
Buck tavern, view. 111. 
Bud, The, 278, 339, 341, 605, 609. 

issued by Everett Literary Society, 
312, 610-611. 

quoted, 417. 
Budget, The, by the Loganian, 610. 
Building fund, report of trustees, 1864, 

306. 
Bullitt Building, Boldt's Eestaurant, 580. 
Bullock, John G., 6, 7. 
Bimyan, John, 636. 
Burden, Jesse E,., 87, 89. 
Burgess, Thomas H., 480. 



Burial Ground, Haverford, view, 271. 
Burke, Edmund, 488. 

educated at Ballitore, Ireland, 44. 
Burlington, 502. 

Burlington School and Daniel B. Smith, 
155. 

and John Gummere, 153. 
Burr, C. H., Jr., 6, 7, 576, 593. 
Burrltt, 234. 
Burrough, minister of the Society of 

Friends, 59. 
Buxton, Alfred Fowell, 461. 
Buxton, (Sir), Thomas Fowell, 461. 

r^ F. D. D. Society, its full name, 601. 
^* C. S. A., 298. 
Cabinet post-office, 274, 283, 285, 300. 
Cad bury, William W., Orator of the Lo- 
ganian, 239. 
Ctdf episode, 464. 
California, 564. 

in '49 and its consequennes, 32. 
volunteers, 325. 
Cam, The river, 423. 
Cambridge (England), Trinity College, 

461. 
Cambridge, Ma«s., 520, 587. 
Cambridge University, England, 38, 461, 

495, 520, 532, 558, 639. 
Camm, minister of the Society of Friends, 

59. 
Cimby, Kobert, 108. 
Cane rush, 1886-87, 545. 

abolished, 575. 
Carey, 428, 429. 
Ciirey, .James, 180. 
Carmalt, James E., 604. 
Carpenter, Samuel, Overseer of School, 

49. 
Carpenter Shop, 298, 576, 597, 598. 
Association, 597-598. 
its initials, 298. 
view, 125. 
Carson, Hampton L., 516. 
Cartland, Joseph, 211, 478. 
appointed steward, 208. 



700 



INDEX. 



Cartland, Joseph, appointed superin- 
tendent, 208. 

married, 1855, 210. 

resigns, 1853, 251. 
Carvill, William, 130, 141, 427. 

death, 1887, 535. 

gardener, 93, 109. 

introduces cricket, 287. 

services dispensed with, 150. 
Cassatt, A. J., 492. 
Castle Er'tl), Llewellyn's House, 21. 
Castle Rock, 282, 285. 
Castner's (White Hall), old-fashioned 
inn, 137. 

view, 137. 
•= Catalogue of Library," 1836, 613. 
Caton, minister of the Society of 

Friends, 59. 
Cave, Artificial, 283, 285. 
Cayuga Lake, N. Y., 182. 
Census, 1840, 183. 
CenMis, 1850, 183. 
Centennial exhibition, 41 1, 412. 
Central School, charter solicited, 87. 
, circular for aid, 67. 

constitution adopted, 70. 

discussions as to site, etc., 61-63, 73. 

first annual report, 1831, 76. 

its subscribers, 68. 

property bought, 72. 

proposed constitution of, 63-66. 

provisions of the constitution, 104. 

site unanimously selected, 75. 

title " Friends Central School " ob- 
jected to, 90. 
Chace, Jonathan, 489. 
Channing, 519. 
Charades, 606. 
Charles, The river, 423. 
Charles XI 1, 225. 
"Charlie,^' the horse, 329. 
Charter Schools closed, 50. 
Chase, Anthony, 525. 
Chase Cottage, 298. 
Chase, " Dick," 326. 
Chase Hall, 558, 644. 



Chase Hall, new class-room building, 
567. 

view, 568. 
Chase, Lydia Earle, 525. 
Chase, (Prof.), Pliny Earle, 273, 361, 396, 
398,402,431,447,449,4.52, 
459, 475, 5.39, 540. 

appointed Acting President, 516. 

death, 1886, 525. 

degree of LL.D. conferred, 413. 

his life in detail, 52.5-528. 

his publications, 526. 

knew 123 languages and dialects, 527. 

loses his son, 362. 

portrait, 526. 

portrait presented to College, 472. 

Professor of Mathematics and 
Physics, 566. 

Professor of Physical Science, 566. 
Chase, (Prof.), Thomas, 9, 248, 249,. 255, 
313,328,405,412, 431,435, 
438, 446, 455, 459, 464, 471, 
472, 479, 487, 488, 489, 492, 
499,507,512,513,525, 528, 
543, 566, 573, 580, 623. 

address on death of Lincoln, 332, 608. 

and American Committee on Re- 
vision, 249. 

and changes in management, 268. 

appointed President, 1875, 402. 

appointed teacher, 241. 

degree of LL.D. conferred by Har- 
vard, 440. 

degree of Ltt.D. conferred by Hav- 
er ford, 449. 

gave name to the Everett, 607. 

his influence, 278-279. 

his letter of acceptance, 402-103. 

his life in detail, 249-250. 

his own memoir, 516-522. 

his publications, 522. 

his report, 1881, 456. 

his residence, 298. 

in a " smoker," 538. 

oil portrait presented by James 
Wood, 512. 



INDEX. 



701 



Chase, (Prof.), Thomas, portrait, 516. 

President of Loganian, 311. 

report to Managers, 1876, 410-411. 

resigns, 516. 
Chase, Williim Barker, death, 362. 
Chases, Tlie, 596. 
Chauncey, Cliarles, 88. 

and Haverford College rules, 104. 
Chemical laboratory, 245. 
Chemistry at Haverford, 565-567. 

study of, 244. 
Chester Valley, Pa., 506. 
Chicago, 111., 478. 

Medical College, 575. 
Chickens on second floor, 297. 
Childs, George W., and Wootlon, 638. 

view of Wootton, 639. 
Chinese Museum, Phila., burned 1854, 

200. 
Chotteau, Leoti, of Suresnes, France, 418. 
Chunda Sen, 478. 
Cicero, 488. 

lecture on times and character of, 
240. 
City Institute, 506. 
Civil War, The, 319. 

Haverfordians eng;iged in it, 325. 

its effect, 31. 
Clare College, Cambridge, England, 524. 
Claridge, minister of the Society of 

Friends, 59. 
Clark, Dougan, assistant teacher, 211. 
Clark, Lindley, 293. 
Clarke, Alvan, & Sons, 490. 
Class-book by class of '88, 571. 
Class day celebrated, 1890, 576. 
Class of '87 meet 1890, 577. 
Class of '89 present silver prize cup, 574. 
(Classical recitation-room, view, 343. 
Clayton, William. 48. 
Clerkenwell, England, School in 1702, 41. 
Cleveland and Harrison campaign, 571. 
Cleveland, Charles Dexter, 526. 
Cleveland, Mrs., visits the college, 563. 
Cleveland, Ohio, 532. 

national convention, 448. 



Clock, sidereal, presented, 253. 
Clothier, Isaac H., and Wynnewood, 638. 
Coasting, 376, 465, 515, 562-563, 645. 
Coates, Edward H., Address by, 316. 
Coates, George M., 321. 
Coates, Henry T., 6, 466. 
Cobb, Daniel, 69. 
Cobb's Creek, 77. 

the bard of, 431. 

the spring, 108. 
Coburn, James, quoted, 75. 
Cock, Lasse, 48. 

Cock, (Dr.), Tliomas F., 61, 69, 72, 109, 
265, 475, 479. 

his address, 121. 
Codex Alexandrinus, 622. 
Codex Sinaiticus, 622. 

fac- simile pre.sented, 334. 
Codex Vaticanus, 622. 

facsimile presented, 334. 
Coleridge, (Lord Chief Justice), 471, 488, 

489. 
College de France, Paris, 520. 
College Essayist, The, 600. 
College for women, library fund, 594. 
College Lane, house of (Prof.) Harris, 575. 
College Lawn, view near old K. R. station, 

586. 
College of Pharmacy, and Daniel B. 

Smith, 156. 
" College Studies," 453. 
Collegian, The, 133, 216, 250, 258, 278, 
341,342,362, 391,416,596, 
610. 

begun, 1836, 125. 

contributions to, 342-347. 

details, 221-238, 610. 

died natural death, 446. 

essays named and quoted, 225. 

issued by the Loganian, 312. 

its articles for two years, classified, 
222. 

quoted, 226, 236, 426. 

reflective and serious articles named, 
226. 

resolution as to "cushions," 38&. 



702 



INDEX. 



Collegian, The, revivetl, lS^9-")0, 221. 

semi-centennial number, 480. 
Collins, Alfred M., 108. 
Collins, Benjamin, on jury at mock trial, 

125. 
Collins, Ediih, appointed matron, 335. 
Collins, Frederick, 598. 
Collins, Henry H., 108. 
Collins, Isaac, 61, 69, 70, 72, 91, Ul, 144, 
159, 598. 

and Loganian Society, 120- 
Collins, John, 117,398. 

appointed teacher, 107. 

his remembrances of Haverford, 
110-116. 

Secretary of first meeting Loganian 
Society, 1834, 479. 
Collins, William H., 640. 
Collinson, Peter, 54. 
Colton, 415. 

Columbia Railroad bridge, 26. 
Comfort, E. T., 428, 429, 593. 
Comfort, Howard, 5, 6, 7, 346, 375, 384, 
412, 580. 

famous seven hit, 338. 
Comfort, J. C, 362, 414, 428. 
" Comforters,' 136. 
Comly, John, 209. 
Commencement, 1890, 577. 
Committee on Finance and Economy, 1 28. 

on Instruction, suspended, 151. 

on Library and Apparatus during 
suspension, 151. 

on warming the house, 147. 
Comstock, (Dr.), Anthony, Professor of 

Elocution, 192. 
Conestoga wagons, 25. 
Congdon, Gilbert, 379. 
Congdon, J. H., 12, 316, 331, 428, 429. 

and cricket, 348. 

his bowling, 348. 
Connecticut, education in, 36. 
Conservatory, 598. 
Cooke, (Prof.), 519. 
Cooper, H. M., 322. 
Cope, Alfred, 167, 179,318. 



Cope, (Prof.), Edward D., 378, 452. 

appointed on the Faculty, 328. 

appointed Professor of Natural 
Science, 319. 

his honorary degrees, 318, 319. 

his works, 317, 318. 

named the Lselaps Aquilimguis, 23> 

resigns, 341. 
Cope, Francis R., 169, 176. 
Cope, Henry, (the elder), 61, 69, 72, 159, 

167. 
Cope, Henry, (the younger), 348, 412,. 

426,431,480. 
Cope, Israel, 69. 
Cope, Jasper, 622. 
Cope, Marmaduke C, 201, 252. 
Cope, Thomas P., 69, 70, 72, 143, 144, 
140, 159, 167, 179, 199, 253, 
318, 622. 

and endowment fund, 168. 

and Loganian Society, 120. 

and the Central School, 68. 

Chairman of Committee on Address,. 
164. 

correspondence as to charter, 90. 

donation, 1842, 145. 

his life in detail, 255. 

letter to Jesse R. Burden, 89. 

letters to Samuel Parsons, 72, 73. 

letters to William Boyd, 87, 88. 

portrait, 86. 
Cope, Thomas P., Jr., 176. 
Cope's Packet Ships, 256. 
Corbit,A., 582. 
Corbit, M. D., 582. 

Corn E.xchange Regiments, Philadel- 
phia, 325. 
Cornell College, 569. 
Corner-ball, 170. 
Corson, (Prof.), 489. 
Council at Philadelphia, in 1683, 48. 
Council became the Faculty, 269. 
" Country Gentleman," The, 434. 
Cowper, William, quoted, 134. 
Craft, Isaac, selected as farmer, 273. 
Craig, .\lexander C, 593. 



INDEX. 



703 



Creigliton, (Canon), Mandell, 532. 
Cremation, 269, 462, 534. 

died a natural death, 534. 
the last, view, 556. 
Crenshaw, Edmund A., 265. 
Crew, (Dr.), Henry, Head of Department 

of Physics, 565, 567. 
Cricket, 259, 276, 282, 288, 329, 371, 379, 

461, 535, 585-593, 645, 648. 
a "catapult bowler" not a success, 

339. 
and Alumni members, 578. 
and cricketers at Haverford, 338, 

339. 
and Harvard, 648. 
and Pennsylvania University, 648. 
as played in 1864, 320. 
ball-shed erected, 535. 
Baltimore Club defeated, 1889, 589. 
bats of American willow, 290. 
Belmont defeated, 1876, 1889, and 

1890, 426, 588, 589. 
Belmont wins, 588. 
bemoaned, 1858, 288. 
changes in style, 348. 
compared with football, 323. 
Dorian defeated by Germantown, 

416. 
Dorian defeats Media team 1862, 320. 
Dorian plays Delian, 1858, 291-293. 
Dorian plays Dr. Lyon's students, 

294. 
Dorian v. Merion ; scores of two 

matches, 338. 
enlargement of field, 417. 
Everett plays Athenaeum, 416. 
fifteen games won, 1876 to 1881, 427. 
first introduced by William Carvill, 

287. 
five games lost, 1876-81, 427. 
five matches won in 1887, 588. 
four defeats in 1887,588. 
Freshmen's eleven, 1868, 348. 
Germantown defeated 1876, 426. 
Germantown second eleven beaten at 

Wynnewocd, 361. 



Cricket, Geimantown wins 1881, 1883 
and 1890, 586, 587, 589. 

Girard Club wins, 1883, 587. 

Harvard defeated, 1883, 1888 and 
1889, 587, 588. 

Haverford College Field Club ( r- 
ganized, 535. 

Haverford holds championship in 
Intercollegiate Cricket Asso- 
ciation, 499. 

Haveiford's record, 590-593. 

Haverford victorious in every game, 
1870,417. 

in 1840, 135. 

in 1873, 415-417. 

in cricket-shed, 575. 

its second introduction, 289. 

lines on defeat of Merion C. C, 345- 
347. 

match games forbidden, 1872, 354. 

match with the "Modocs," 417. 

matches again sanctioned, 361. 

Merion Club, 417. 

Merion defeated, 588. 

Merion first eleven beaten at Wynne- 
wood, 361. 

Merion wins 1866, 1881, 1882, 1883, 
1884, 1887 and 1890, 337, 
338, 586, 587, 588, 589. 

new and present grounds, 349. 

new ground opened, 1877, 426. 

on fiftieth anniversary, 469. 

Pennsylvania University defeated, 
1868, 1878, 1887 and 1890, 
.384, 385, 427, 576, 587, 589. 

Pennsylvania University, first match 
with, 1864, 320. 

Pennsylvania University, score of 
first match, 322. 

Pennsylvania University wins, 1881- 
1887, 586, 588, 589. 

Philadelphia Club wins, 1882 and 
1887, 587, 588. 

pine board wickets and bats, 289. 

previous records surpassed in 1867, 
348. 



704 



INDEX. 



Cricket, progress in 1865, 336, 337. 
progress in matches, 588. 
revived, 185G, 287. 
second period of its history, 338. 
song by Joseph Parrish, 431-433. 
started, 1838-39, 126. 
the College game, 442. 
three victories for Haverford, 415. 
Tioga Club defeated 1889 and 1890, 

588, 589. 
United Cricket Club formed, 293. 
University Barge Club defeated 1883 

and 1888, 587, 588. 
University Barge Club wins, 1882, 

587. 
Young America defeated, 1884 and 

1889,587,588.' 
Young America wins, 1882 and 1S87, 
587, 588. 
Cricket Crense, The, view, 339. 
" Cricketers, Advice to," 426. 
Cromwell, James W., 480, 604. 

his " Haverford, a vacation visit," 
486, 487. 
Crosman, Charles S., appointed Head- 
master, Haverford College 
Grammar School, 493, 552. 
Croydon School, established 1823, 43. 
Curtin, (Governor), re-election of, 314. 
Curtis, William, 54. 
Cushion hostilities, 389. 
" Cuts" introduced, 570, 650. 

p\ ALTON, John, 54. 

Dancing class. Students detected at, 
352. 
Dante, 489. 
Darlington, 192. 

Darlington, (Dr.), and Flora Cestrica, 23. 
Darlington, P. S., 584. 
Darlington Railway, England, 27. 
Darlington, William, 54. 
Dartmouth, 181. 
Davenport, (Prof), Edwin, 467, 513, 543, 

544. 
David, Lewis, 500. 



David, Morgan, 85. 
Davies, Richard, SO. 
Davis, Isaac, 69, 72. 

Superintendent, 1839, 110. 
Davis, Mary W., 170. 
Davis, Richard, his deed of 1686, 84. 
Davy, (Sir), Humphrey, and chlorine 

gas, 96. 
Day, Mahlon, 61. 

lost on the " Arctic," 67. 
Deacon, Benjamin H., appointed Teacher, 

109. 
DeBow, Robert S., 640. 
Degrees, Power to confer, 1856, 327. 
Delaware, 210, 474. 

education in, 35. 

Mutual Insurance Company, 505. 

Quaker State, 166. 

The, 200. 
Delian Cricket Club,1857, 290. 

defeated, 291-293. 
Dennis, William, 122, 599. 

and Haverford, 155. 

teacherof Latin and Greek, 1839, 110. 

teacher of Latin, etc., 109. 
Dentist and visits to Philadelphia, 537. 
Dickerson, Mahlon, 192. 
Dickinson College, Carlisle, 52, 584. 
Dickinson, (Governor), John, his dona- 
tions, 52. 

his " Farmer's Letters," 68. 

one of the founders of Westtown 
School, 52. 
Dickinson, Jonathan, Overseer of School, 

50. 
Dickinson, Sally Norris, and the Central 
School, 68. 

donor to Haverford, 53. 
Dillingham, (Prof.), John H., 335, 442. 

and ringing in the New Year, 376. 

assigned to new department, 352. 

business management, 39(). 
Disciplinary troubles, 1870 and 1872, 356, 
357. 

over "engraved invitations" lo 
Junior Exhibition, 358. 



INDEX. 



705 



Disciplinary trouble? over pillow-fight, 

359. 
Dog, The, twenty essays on, 239. 
Dolgelly, 499. 

Dorian Cricket Club, 270, 291, 292, 303, 
321,337,339,345, 361,417, 
427, 585-586. 
acknowledged as the College Club, 

293. 
changed to Haverford College C. C, 

1883, 462. 
defeated by Germantown, 416. 
defeats Media team, 1862, 320. 
its members, 361. 
organized, 259. 
organized for $1.50, 290. 
twenty-first anniversary, 1879, 430. 
Dorian, The, united with Lycsean, 293. 
victories over four teams, 338. 
wins four cricket matches, 1868, 384. 
Dorsey, W. T., 337, 348. 
Drive, scene on the, view, 205. 
"Dryasdust, Dr.," contributor to ''The 

Collegian," 391. 
Dunn, Nathan, 200. 

and Haverford College, 123. 
donation to Association, 143. 
Dymond's Moral Philosopliy, 204. 

Carle, Ralph, 525. 

^ Earlham College (Ind.), 196, 450, 

564, 569, 641. 
East Jersey, 189. 
" Echo " in the Collegian, 345. 
Edinboro of America, 18. 
" Edinburgh Eeview," 147. 
Education for Women, essay, 450. 
Education, Lectures on, 563. 
Educational Association of Friends in 

America meets at College, 

1888, 564. 
Edwards, Josiah P., 448. 
Edwards, (Prof.), Levi T., 453-454, 552, 

640. 
and the machine shop, 524, 558-559. 
his reflecting telescope, 454. 

45 



Elliott, (Prof.), A. M., 580. 

Elliott, John, 167. 

Ellis, Charles, 167. 

Ellis, Ellis, 87. 

his deed of 1703, 85. 

Ellis, Rowland, Overseer of School, 49. 

Ellis, Thomas, 85. 

Ellis, Thomas, & Co., their "patent" for 
791 acres, 85. 

EUwood, Thomas, minister of the Society 

of Friends, 59. 

on education among Friends, 40. 

Elocution class formed, 1887, 553. 

Ely, Joseph, and endowment fund, 168. 

Emlen, G., 415. 

Emlen, James, 581. 

Encyclopsedia Americana, on Education 
in 1830, 35. 

Engineering department, 598. 

England and penny postage, 198. 

England, Howell S., 581. 

" English Language, Origin, Use and 
Abuse of," 461. 

" English Metres," 342. 

" English Public Schools and Dr. Ar- 
nold," 455. 

English spelling, 225. 

Entertainment at eight cents a head, 60L 

Entomology, Lectures on, 211. 

Episcopal Hospital, 408. 

Erskine, (Lord), 488. 

Escape to the Picnic, 230. 

Eshelman, B. Frank, 412. 

Essays for cash prizes, 365. 

Estes, Ludovic, Assistant Professor of 
Classics, etc., 396. 

Euethean Society and General Pratt, 383. 
enrolled Daniel Pratt after its de- 
cease, 604. 
its history in detail, 603-604. 
its members called " the moralists,"' 

604. 
its objects, 603. 

European affairs in 1848, 198. 

Evans, C, 322. 

Evans, Thomas, 61, 63, 69, 72, 315. 



706 



INDEX. 



Evans, Tlioiiias, minister of the Society 

of Friends, 205. 
Evans, William, 20il, 315. 
Evans, William Penn, 361. 
Everett-Athenfeum Society, 560, 606, 

609. 
Everett, Edward, 518. 

his collection of books, 351. 
Everett Society, The, 278, 311, 312, 331, 
358, 379, 390, 443, 447, 465, 
550, 595, 602, 605, 606. 
defeated by Athenfeum at cricket, 

416. 
entertainment to the Athenteum, 380. 
gift of 1,300 volumes to College li- 
brary, 5-59, 620. 
history in detail, 607-609. 
increased activity, 436. 
its " archives," 351. 
its library, 608, 620. 
its library sold by Faculty, 391. 
its twenty-fifth birthday, 466. 
" Excelsior, The," 231, 601. 



r . , D., 416. 

Faculty, The, Changes in 1887, 558. 

lectures by, 299. 

members, 1833-1890, 685-687. 

name adopted, 269- 
Fair-Hill Boarding School, 53. 

suspended, 1826,53. 
Fairview, 282, 284. 

Farmer's Letters, by John Dickinson, 68. 
Farnum, John, 167, 179, 185, 201, 505. 

gift of $25,000, 435. 

portrait, 435. 

Professorship of Physics and Chem- 
istry, 435. 
Farrar, (Archdeacon), F. W., 514. 
Fell, (Dr.), Jonathan, 122, 176, 484. 

Secretary of Loganian Society, 119. 
Fellowships for Friends' Colleges, Estab- 
lishment of, 569. 
Felton, 519. 
Fonelon quoted, 477. 



" Fifty Years Ago," by Dr. Hartshorne, 

472. 
Fisher, 122. 

minister of the Society of Friends, 59. 
Fisher, Charles W., prosecuting attor- 
ney at mock trial, 125. 
Fisher, Lindley, 171, 176, 484. 

motion for subscriptions, 171. 
Fishing-pool on Mill Creek, view, 28(i. 
Fiske, (Prof.), John, 455. 
Fitch, John, and steamboats, 22. 
Fitzpatrick and Castle Rock, 282, 285. 
Flat Rock Dam, bathing in, 206. 
Flounders Institute, presents fac-simile of 

Codex Sinaiticus, 334. 
Flower, Enoch, terms i-eceived for teach- 
ing, 48. 
Flushing, (L. I.), School, 187. 
Floyd, Morgan, a priest of Wrexham, 

England, 499. 
Foils, 482, 603. 
Folwell, Richard, 598. 
Football, 126, 135, 169, 170, 196, 206, 259^ 
287, 293, 329, 482, 539, 58l| 
645, 648. 
better fortune, 1888, 584. 
College League for football formed, 

1891, 583. 
five out of six matches won, 583. 
four out of six matches won, 583. 
here and at Rugby, 287-288. 
■ in 1859, 289. 
in 1865, 323, 324. 
Lafayette wins, 1887, 584. 
Lehigh University defeated, 1884, 

583. 
Lehigh University wins 1886 and 

1887, 583, 584. 
match, 1841-42, 135. 
matches with miscellaneous Clubs, 

593. 
on fiftieth anniversary, 471. 
Pennsylvania University defeated, 

581. 
Pennsylvania University wins, 18S<) 
and 1S87, 583, 584. 



INDEX. 



707 



Football, Rugby game, 288. 
scrub game, 323. 
season of 1889, 584. 
silver prize football cup, 564. 
six defeats and no victories in 1890, 

584. 
standing of Haverford, 593. 
Swarthmore annual match, 648. 
Swarthmore defeated, 1884, 1885, 
1886 and 1889, 582, 583, 
584. 
Swarthmore wins, 1 883 and 1887, 583, 

584. 
unfortunate year, 1887, 584. 
Football Association founded, 583. 
" Foreign Quarterly Review," 147. 
Forster, William, 209. 
Forster, William Edward, 455. 
and Lord Macaulay, 208. 
his " Penn and Macaulay," 208. 
Forsythe, John, on Schools, 57. 
Fort Wagner, 325. 
Foster, Charles, 169. 
Fothergill, (Dr.), John, and Ackworth 
School, 43. 
portrait 38. 
Ford, (Dr.), 467. 

Founders' Hall, 26, 27, 110, 205, 245, 256, 
279, 287, 295, 299, 301, 399, 
412, 430, 459, 463, 470, 491, 
495, 515, 524, 532, 5.37, 538, 
539, 546, 547, 552, 557, 558, 
563, 579, 601, 608. 
alterations, 436. 
and sport, 126. 
and study-rooms for Senior Class, 

314. 
circle in front of, view, 431. 
described, 92, 200. 
description of bedroom, 114. 
engraved on gold medal, 365. 
improvements, 296. 
interior alterations, 561. 
its architecture, 310. 
its bell, 362, 363. 
its library, 267, 311. 



Foundeis' Hall, new dining-room, 479. 

on fiftieth anniversary, 472. 

relieved by Chase Hall, 567. 

student's Bed-room in, view, 114. 

view, 327. 

view of the steps in front of the 
Hall, 280. 
Fowler, William, 461. 
Fox, George, 165, 499-500, 501, 512, 
637. 

and education in 1667, 38. 

his primer, 39. 

the Battle-Door, 39. 
Fox, James, Overseer of School, 49, 50. 
Fox, Joseph M., 362, 415, 433. 
Frankford, 174. 
Franklin, Benjamin, 23. 
Franklin Institute, 156, 527. 

circular from, 119. 
Franklin Society, 124, 126, 600. 
Freeman, Edward A., 461. 

two lectures, 461. 
Free Soil Party, 187. 
Freiburg University, 565. 
Freshman, 275. 

" a wise fool," without the adjective, 
543. 

term introduced, 300. 
Freshman Class, the " spoon," 557. 
Friend, The, 169, 205, 209. 

"Ascham's" papers, 57. 

known later as " Square Friend," 
56, 57-59, 100, 274. 
Friends, " Doctrines and testimonies " of 
the Society, 99. 

education of their ministers, 447. 

great schism in 1827, 56. 

in Philadelphia and Haverford, 183. 

"peculiai'ities," 651. 

second general conference, 1880, 450. 

See Quakers. 

Society of, in Wales, 499. 

the visits of, 378- 

views on education, 55. 
Friends' Academy, 57. 
Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 196. 



708 



INDEX. 



Friends' Central School^ 5G. 

Friends' Educational Society formed, 

1837, 43. 
Friends' Library, 205, 485. 
Friends' Meeting, 95. 
Friends' Monthly Meeting School, (N.Y.), 

186. 
Friends' Eeview, 205, HO^, o6'.», 410, 422, 

522. 
Friends' Select School, Philadelphia, 57, 

196. 
Fugitive Slave Law, 237. 
Fuller, James, 600. 
Fulton, Robert, his birthplace, 22. 

his first steamboat, 27. 
Furley, Benjamin, the Battle-Door, 39. 
Futrell, 551. 



r^ (E.), letter 
^"> G.,(H.),1 



to The Friend, 59. 
, letter to The Friend, 59. 
G., (J.), 179. 
Gallagher, Mike, his big 'bu?, 554. 

his mule and cart, 378. 
Garden, 597. 
Gardener, Dorcas, 46. 
Gardener, See Carvill. 
Garfield, (President), 461. 

death of, 459. 
Garrett, A., 322. 
Garrett, Alfred C, 583, 588, 598. 
Garrett, John B., 418, 459, 471. 

his farewell address, 577. 
Garrett, Philip, 69, 70. 
Garrett, Philip C, 5-8, 212, 262, 263, 

265, 266, 267, 480. 
Garrigues, Haydock, 95. 
Garrigues, Samuel, and Haverford, 106- 

107. 
Gas introduced in 1821, 25. 
Gasworks, 29(>. 
Gateway, Stone, at entr;ince— Lancaster 

Turnpike, view, 474. 
Gem, The, 278, 323, 337, 338, 341, 362, 
581, 605, 609. 
issued by tlie Athenaeum, 312, 610- 
611. 



Gem, The, lines from, 1858, 288-289. 

quoted, 288, 289, '-'93, 414-415, 416. 
General Epistle of 1700, 42. 
General Wayne Tavern, view, 213. 
Genius, 233. 

Geological Society of London, 318. 
Geology, examination, 1862, 304. 

lectures by Professor Siliiman, 1836, 
190. 
Germantown, 206. 
Germantown batlle-field, 22. 
Germantown Club House, cricket supper> 

427. 
Germantown Cricket Club, first eleven 
defeated, 417. 

second eleven defeaied at Wynne- 
wood, 361. 

wins match, 426. 
Germantown Telegraph, The, 274. 
Germany, 33, 198, 467, 495, 520, 565. 
Gettysburg, 313. 

"the wheat- field," 87. 
Gibbon, (Dr.), 91. 

Gibson, Henry C, his mansion 638. 
GifFord, (Prof.), Seih K., 6, 463, 467, 513, 

562, 640. 
Gilman, President Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity, 450. 
Ginger-ale at lunch, 548. 
Girard College, 409. 
Girard, Stephen, 199, 256. 

and Philadelphia, 183. 
"Girls' Annex" of Haverford College,. 

541. 
Glee Club, 577. 

first concert, 561. 
Goadby, Henry, his lectures, 211. 
Godfrey, invented Hadley's sextant, 22.. 
Goemere, Jolumn, John Gummere's an- 
cestor, 152. 
Gold fever, 32. 

" Golgotha," old lecture-room, 605. 
Goodwin, 584. 
Gottingen, 452. 
Gowns and mortar boards adopted, 4!)S.. 

disappear, 5;)3. 



INDEX. 



709 



Gowns used on public occasions, 553. 
Grammar School, Haverford, view, 492. 
Grant, ((reneral), U. S., 207. 

and ''third term," 446. 
Grape Arbor, 279, 296. 

destruction of, 303. 
Grasshopper, The, 444. 

history in detail, 609-610. 

source of its title, 610. 
Gray, 519. 

Great Law, The, its provisions, 47. 
Greece, 519. 

Greeks and Germans, Religion of, 229. 
Greeley, Horace, 187. 
Green-apple pies, how distributed and 

limited, 277. 
Greenhouse, 296, 597. 

abandoned, 213. 

burnt, 1855, 256. 

ruined Arch of the Old, view, 184. 
Greeves, James R., 618, 623. 
Gregory, Henry D., now Vice-President 
Giiard College, 149. 

teacher of Latin, etc., 149. 
Griscom, (Dr.), John, 61, 72, 398. 

and Daniel B. Smith, 155. 

and Friends' School, Pi'ovidence, 
194. 

as Principal of School, 46. 

his portrait, 51. 
Grove, Cottage in the, 273. 
Guest, Anna, and the Central School, 69. 
Guest, Elizabeth, and the Central School, 

68. 
Guilford College in 1836-37, 54. 
Gulf road, Scene on ; view, 562. 
Gummere, Barker, on jury at mock trial, 

125. 
Gummere, Elizabeth, her care for the 

College, 149. 
Gummere, (Dr.), Francis Barton, 5, 6, 
9-12, 362, 375, 398, 416, 
472, 581, 640. 

and Haverford, 155. 

his publications, 565. 

residence ; view, 649. 



Gummere, (Dr.), teacher of English and 

German, 564, 5()5. 
Gummere, John, 61, 63, 69, 72, 171, 193, 
485, 502, 623. 

and Joseph W. Aldrich, 194. 

appointed Superintendent, 109. 

death, 1845,155. 

first teacher of mathematics at Hav- 
erford, 97. 

his astronomy, 140, 194. 

his calculation of latitude, 253. 

liis father at Stroudsbui'g, 152. 

his life in detail, 152-155. 

his mathematical ability, 116. 

his method of teaching, 140. 

his profound abstraction during 
study, 117. 

his works, 154. 

portrait, 103. 

resignation of himself and family, 
149. 

resigns, 194. 

superintendent, 1840, 131. 

teacher of mathematics, 18.39, 110. 
Gummere, Samuel, 63. 
Gummere, (President), Samuel J., 122, 
170, 271, 273, 313, 322, 405, 
463, 526, 536, 564, 565, 
617. 

and chemistry, 244. 

and eclipse of the sun, 1869, 400. 

appointed assistant teacher, 109. 

appointed President of College, 155. 

appointed Principal, 304, 305. 

death, 1874, 396. 

his " Ad Horologium Meum," 398. 

his address, 1 865, 70. 

his life in detail, 397-401. 

his method of teaching, 140. 

illness, 1874, 39(). 

named President instead of Principal, 
319. 

portrait, 396. 

presentation of portrait, 462. 

read original poem, 1862, 312. 

resigns, 149. 



710 



INDEX. 



(Tummere, (President), Samuel J., re- 
sumes charge of accounts, 
etc., 335. 
silver wedding, 380. 
teacher of Latin, etc., 1840, 132. 
teacher of mathematics, 1839, 110, 
305. 
Gummere, Samuel R., 61. 
Gummere, William, 108. 
and Haverford, 155. 
appointed teacher, 107. 
assistant teaclier of Latin, etc., 109. 
Gummeres, The, 596. 
Gurney, Eliza P., 280. 
Gurney, Joseph John, his visit to Haver- 
ford, 1838, 129. 
letter to Amelia Opie, 1841, 128-130. 
Gymnasium, 241, 245, 295, 296, 467, 486, 
515, 532, 555, 594, 598, 606, 
635, 645. 
compared with football, 323. 
enlarged, 436. 
renovated, 454. 

LJ ACKER, Isaiah, 61, 167, 179. 

on Committee, 162. 
Hacker, Jeremiah, 179. 
Hacker, Morris, 176. 
Hacker, W. E., 167, 583. 
Hadley, James, on William A. Reynolds, 

248. 
Hadley, Samuel A., 283. 

his address, 1862, 303. 

his " No More," 300. 

his "Senior's Farewell," 281-285. 

on Joseph G. Harlan, 285. 
Hadley, Walter C, 445-446. 
Hadley's sextant, 22. 
Hadrosaurus Foulkii, 23. 
Haigue, William, 48. 
Haines, A., 179. 

Haines, Ann, bequest of $3,000, 352. 
Haines, Ann M., on Thomas Moore 

Lindley, 186. 
Haines, C. E., 415, 416, 428. 
Haines, Hinchman, on schools, 57. 



Haines, John S., 108, 176. 
Haines, L., 337, 348. 
Haines, Reuben, 375. 
Haines, W.H. 361,428. 
Hale, (Sir), Matthew, on education, 41. 
Hall, (Prof), Lyman Beecher, 452, 555, 
567, 640. 

John Farnum Professor of Chemis- 
try and Physics, 5(56. 
Hall, Robert, 485. 
Hall, (Dr.), AVinfield Scott, 7, 585, 640. 

appointed teacher, 575. 
Halleck, his poem " Fanny," 46. 
Hallowell, Benjamin, teacher at Fair 

Hill Boarding School, 53. 
Hallowell, Norwood Penrose, 325. 
Halls : views, 261, 327, 418, 431, 451, .568. 
Handball, 287. 
Handbook of Poetics, by Francis B. 

Gummere, 565. 
Hand, Use of right and left, 240. 
Hannibal Dying, 225, 235. 
Hardy, Benjamin F., assistant Superin- 
tendent, 109. 
Harlan, Joseph G., 271, 285, 399, 441, 
482, 487, 565. 

appointed Principal, 246, 269. 

appointed teacher, 241. 

death, 1.S57, 193, 270. 

details of, 245-246. 

portrait, 245. 

teacher of mathematics, 193, 245. 
Harmer, Hon. A. C, his mistake, 286. 
Harris, 428, 429. 

Harris, (Prof.), J. Rendel, 524, 531, 532, 
552, 567, 573, 574, 580, 621, 
623, 640. 

and College Lane, 575. 

articles by, 572. 

cast of inscriptions, 575. 

portrait, 524. 

residence, view, 533. 
Harrison, William Henry, as President 

U. S., 133. ' 
Harriton, view, 214. 
Harrow School, 428. 



INDEX. 



711 



Hartsliorne, Catherine, Superintendent 

Westtown School, 51. 
Hartshorne, Charles, 375. 
Hartshorne, (Dr.), Henry, 6, 169, 170, 
176, 262-263, 265,266, 407, 
452, 471, 480, 580, 595. 
his " Fifty Years Ago," 472. 
his "Haverford Revived," 217-221. 
his life in detail, 407-410. 
his numerous works, 409. 
his valedictory in verse, 126. 
Professor of Philosophy, etc., 347. 
Hartshorne, J., 361. 

Ills cricketing, 348. 
Hartshorne, (Dr.), Joseph, 407. 
Hartshorne, Richard, 407. 

Superintendent Westtown School, 51. 
Harvard University, 248, 268, 335, 406, 
454, 467, 493, 517, 518, 520, 
526,531, 565,569,607, 641, 
642, 643. 
" Hash," 462. 
Haverford, 86, 499, 500. 

and its surroundings, 638. 
A Vacation Visit, 486-487. 
Haverford burial ground, view, 271. 
Haverford College, 19, 56, 192, 875, 428, 
450, 456, 457, 569, 641. 
a school of mathematics, 193. 
Academical department, 255, 275. 
address to Faculty on Friends Prin- 
ciples, 315. 
to Friends on condition of 
School, 164. 
Alumni contest, 491. 
and Dr. Thomas Chase, 440. 
appeal for funds, 252. 
asphalt pavements laid, 658. 
athletic sports, early, 287-288. 
at sixty, 636. 
ball and cricket, 126. 
becomes modern after 1865, 334. 
beginning of second half-century, 496. 
bill approved by Legislature, etc., 

1847, 165. 
board found too high, 335. 



Haverford College, board raised, 127, 319, 
355, 513. 
books used in " Senior Year," 140. 
Building Committee report, 1876, 

411. 
buildings, I860, 295. 
calf episode, 464. 
camphene and rosin-gas, 254. 
change, annual examinations insti- 
tuted, 1866, 336. 
Commencement exercises to be 

in English, 356. 

Course in Arts and Sciences 

made Classical Course, 497. 

Engineering Course added, 496. 

four-years' Course of instruction, 

204. 
" Honor " system introduced, 

641. 
in dinner hour, 515. 
in Junior Day exei'cises, 490. 
in order of exercises, 363. 
in school terms, 269. 
mid-year examinations intro- 
duced, 391. 
changes, 330, 331, 460-461. 

in classes and teachers, 1843, 

148. 
in classical department, 1853, 

247. 
in Course of study, 524. 
in hours of meals, 547. 
in titles, 269, 300. 
recommendations of, 369-371. 
charges and expenses, 201. 
charter amended, 403, 440-441, 523. 

obtained, 1833, 91. 
chemistry, 452. 
children of Professors with Friends 

to be admitted, 151, 165. 
circular to Alumni as to bettering 

College, 366. 
Civil War period, 1860-64, 295. 
Class-Day by class of '89, 574. 
Class of '88 present bronze tablet, 
564. 



712 



INDEX. 



Haverford College, class-ioonis, new build- 
ing for, o()]. 
classes in 1840-42, 139. 

in 1860, 295. 
closing of term postponed, 1851, 212. 
coal used for cooking, 128. 
College Papers, 594. 
Comet B, 1881, discovered, 45o. 
Commencement Days, 109, 269, 300, 

319, 491. 
Committee of Managers purchase 
chairs ! 207. 
of Eeorganization, 1848, 185. 
of Students, 178. 
on Endowment Fund, 176, 201, 

202. 
on History, 5-8, 375. 
on History discharged, 1884, 

419. 
on Increase of Endowment, 352. 
on Invitations, 476. 
on Meteorology, 119. 
on Property, 273. 
on Publication, 480. 
on Ketrencliment, 251, 257. 
on Subscriptions, 167-168. 
Report of, 1843, 148. 
Concert for colored church, 549. 
conditions for diploma, 208. 
cost $80,000 and unencumbered, 161. 
Course in Physics, 566. 
cremation of imjiopular text-book, 

534. 
cricket first leaint here by Ameri- 
cans, 287. 
grounds, 290-291. 
daily routine, 105-106. 
debt, 142, 168. 

a Slough of Despond, 636. 
details of students' subscriptions 

not known, 180. 
met by subscription, 180. 
of $18,000 paid off, 357. 
paid off, 1883-84, 478. 
degrees to be granted, 257. 
dining-table atlacked, 251. 



Haverford College, disaster, 1846-48, 160. 
disciplinary troubles, 331, 332, 334, 

356, 358. 
discipline, instances of disorder, 302. 
to be cared for by Faculty, 359- 
360. 
dress of students, 99, 128, 136, 258, 
272-273, 533-534. 
seniors' " toga," 134. 
early days, 1833-39, 103. 
economizing, 147. 
economy on coal, etc., 107, 
education in Society of Friends, 38. 
endowment of $50,000 needed, 162. 
of $25,000 raised, 168. 
subscribers to Fund, 179. 
the Fund secured, 180. 
to be laised to $100,000, 357. 
urged, 145, 158, 178, 201. 
entertainment fur American Associa- 
tion for Advancement of 
Science, 494-495. 
Faculty, 463. 

government by, 1872-76, 386. 
needs increase, 373. 
powers conferred on, 1871, 360. 
records on trivial points, 340. 
refuse some Degrees, 333, 334. 
farm, 273, 568, 638. 

rented for $1,200, 434. 
stock, etc., sold, 169. 
farm-house, new, 298. 
" female students " recommended, 

355. 
fiftieth anniversary, 1883, 467. 
fortieth birthday, 1870, 3S6. 
gas and coal oil, 303. 
gas introduced, 241, 254. 
gas-meter explodes, 336. 
gateway erected on Lancaster Pike, 

490. 
gift of land, 128. 
graduates, 641-644. 

advantages for, 568-569. 
may take Degree of A.M., 315. 
graduating classes, 1836-39, 109-110. 



INDEX. 



713 



Haverford College, grai)e arbor, 279. 
gratuitous instruction, 201. 
greenhouse, 141, 200. 
abandoned, 213. 
and workshop completed, 130. 
burnt, 1855, 256. 
growth of College Idea, 1852-56, 241. 
gymnasium opened, 454. 
Haverford Lyceum : its liistory in 
detail, 601-602. 
Meeting, 78. 
Hazing, See Hazing, 
holds Championship, InlercoUegiate 

Cricket Association, 499. 
influence at, 650. 
inspection by Managers, 206. 
institution of " cuts," 569-570. 
Introductory-Environment, 17. 
its condition in '72, .354. 
games, 647-649. 
genesis, 1830-33, 56. 
grounds, 199-200. 
libraries, 212. 

"Paley-olitliic" period, 485. 
reopening hopeful, 175. 
youthful days described,273-277. 
Junior Exhibition, 499. 

Exhibition 72, postponed, 358. 
lamps and steel pens introduced, 192. 
Languages, Anglo-Saxon study ad- 
ded, 341. 
French and German, 451. 
French at the College, 565. 
Hebrew made elective study, 

451. 
Italian, Spanish and Hebrew 

added, 341. 
modern, included in Course 

1865, 336. 
study of Italian started, 489. 
lawn, 1848, 199. 
library, 106, 371, 644-645. 

and Museum Collections, 594. 
life at, in 1871, 357. 
list of officers, 640. 

of students, 1833-1883, 468. 



Haverfoj d College, literary societies, 533, 
559. 
society : its history, 600. 
" Lower Societies," 447. 
Managers, changes in the Board, 359. 
message to the Faculty, 331. 
minutes, 1867, .347. 
reports, 194, 242, 243-244, 245, 
313, 314, 336, 340, 413, 449- 
450,524,528-529, 621. 
manuscripts presented to Library, 

567. 
mechanical and free-hand drawing, 

455. 
Meeting House, 27, 95, 396, 460, 651. 

view, 460. 
meeting of board, special, 404. 

of Class of 1851 in 1856, 262. 
of Managers and Faculty, 1857, 

270. 
of students, called, 169. 
of students, ninety present, 170. 
on closing school, 1845, 161. 
memorial to Legislature, 164. 
"Moral and Political Science" ad- 
ded, 352. 
music, Jews-harps prevail, 112. 

prohibited, 112. 
nucleus of the Museum. 113. 
Observatory, 200, 252-254. 

Astronomical, 453. 
ofiice of assistant to Superintendent, 
107. 
of "care-taker," 113. 
Officers and Managers, 688-692. 

number of, 639. 
one blow by students in four years, 
203. 
of the shady haunts : view, 160. 
opening, 1833, 93. 
pamphlet concerning the suspension, 

157. 
park and arbor, 141. 
Periodicals: details, 610-611. 
pie " luncheon" abolished, 353 
precautions against fire, 257 



714 



INDEX. 



Haverford College, preparatory class for 
younger scholars, 103. 
Presidential campaign, 1884, 498. 
price of site, 77. 
private examinations, 304. 
provisions of the Association, 104. 
public examinations, 299. 
railroad station on College premises, 

314. 
rank of Students, 641. 
recollections of a Haverford boy, 199. 
regulations in 1860, 296-297. 
reinstated, 178. 

released from taxation, 1838, 128. 
reminiscences, 484-487, 536-557. 
reopened, 185, 197. 
restrictions, 138, 202-204, 301. 

modified, 268-269. 
retrenchments, 130. 
rule against raised desk-covers, 1868, 
351. 
as to bounds, 1868, 352. 
excluding any but Friends, 162, 
163. 
rules as to exercises in class-room 
etc., 392. 
for Faculty, 257. 
when school opened, 99. 
salary of teachers, 104. 
scholarships of |4,000 each offered, 

168. 
school becomes a College, 1856-60, 
257, 261. 
building erected, 1885, 493. 
buildings offered for lease, 169. 
scientific studies developed, 241-245. 
Scripture, religious teaching, 204- 
205. 
study of, 270. 
weekly classes, 652. 
semi-centennial, 1881-84, 458. 

1883, 110, 309, 467-475. 
seventeenth annual meeting, 1873, 

364. 
site described, 77. 
smoking and chewing forbidden, 101. 



Haverford College societies, 594. 

Sophomore Day exercises, 534. 

sports and amusements, 112-113. 

spring-house built, 150. 

standard of admission, 561. 

Student of 1840, 134-135. 

Student's daily life, 645. 

Students, Hopes, etc., of, 233. 
love of Nature, 279-280. 
numbers from time to time, 109, 
207,208,210, 211, 212,295, 
.300, 339, 433, 440, 450, 459, 
564, 574. 

studies, 277-279. 

suppers, 562. 

supplement to Charter accepted, 164. 

suspended, 1845, 150. 

system of instruction, 103. 

telescope mounted, 1SS4, 489. 

troubles, 1839-46, 131. 

unalterable provisions, 104. 

views, 56, 185. 

Warner tract of land, 522. 

was a Friends' SelectBoarding-school, 
101. 

Washington's birthday, 1885, 498. 

water-supplies, 108. 

worship, a place for, 106. 

worth $220,000 endowment and 
$600,000 property, 638. 
Haverford College, cricket club, 290. 
Haverford College Grammar School es- 
tablished, 1883-84, 491. 

Governing Committee, 492. 

plans, 492. 

view, 492. 
Haverford College post-office, 286, 396. 
Haverford College Station, 39(). 
"Haverford College Studies," 572, 611. 
Haverford Meeting-House, view, 460. 
Haverford Monthly Meeting, 21, 500, 

502. 
"Haverford Revisited," 171. 
"Haverford Eevived," 117, 21S, 261, 595. 

quoted, 218. 
Haverford Road, 93, 291. 



INDEX, 



715 



Haverford School, See Haverford College. 
Haverford School Association, 120. 

appointed trustees of Loganian So- 
ciety, 171. 

became Corporation of Haverford 
College, 1875, 403. 

its hope of dividends, 143. 

name adopted, 90. 

See Haverford College. 
Haverford, township, 21. 
Haverford, West, 19. 
Haverford ian, The, 394, 399, 445, 446, 
461, 582, 583, 586, 587, 
610. 

change of management, 560. 

changes in constitution, 1889, 572. 

details, 611. 

founded, 1879, 444. 

on Chase, Pliny Earle, 525. 

on cricket, 575. 

on football match, 581. 

on Mrs. Cleveland's visit, 563. 

prize for best essay, 447. 

quoted, 448-449, 466, 525, 529, 541, 
589. 

two additional editors, 461. 
Haviland, A., 322. 
Havod Vadog, burial ground of Welsh 

Friends, 501. 
Haworth, J. M., 479. 
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 489. 

on Bowdoin College, 654. 
Hays, S., 322. 
Hazing, 269, 389, 532. 

an incident, 377. 

condemned by Faculty, 1872,354. 

four students dismissed, 354. 
Heidelberg University, 318. 
Helioscope added, 490. 
Henderson's post-office, 274. 
Henderson's Store, 282, 284. 
Hendri Mawr Meeting House, 501. 
Henry Society, 259, 607. 

considered " hifalutin'," 602, 

history in detail, 602-603. 

named after Patrick Henry, 602. 



Henry Street Meeting to establish Semi- 
nary, 60. 
Higginson, Thomas W., his lectures, 562, 
Hill, ex-President of Harvard, 526. 
Hill, Nathan, sheriff at mock trial, 125, 
Hill, Kichard, Overseer of School, 49. 
Hill, Thomas C, 478. 
Hilles, John S., 267. 
Hilles, J. T., 584, 593. 
Hilles, Mrs. Samuel, her kindness and 

attention, 115. 
Hilles, Samuel, 167, 300. 

first Superintendent of Haverford, 
95. 

his kindness and attention, 115. 

portrait, 95. 

resigns, 1834, 109. 

Superintendent of Westtown, 192. 
Hilles, William S., 108, 265, 580, 583, 

588, 593, 599. 
Hillyard, Abraham, legacy to Haver- 
ford, 147, 
Historical Society, 124, 126, 600. 
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 156. 
" History, How to Study," 562. 
History, The value of the study of, 532. 
Hoag, Joseph, his " Vision,' 30. 
Hoboken, Stevens' Institute, 496. 
Hodgson, William, Jr., 61. 

and Daniel B. Smith, 156. 

and Olive Street Friends, 69. 
Hofiman, J., 322, 
Hollingshead, Joseph, 598. 
Holmes, George W., teacher of drawing, 

211. 
Holmes, Th., 48. 

Home for Friendless Women, 196. 
Homer, 489, 610. 
Honorary Degrees, 269. 
Hooker, (Bishop), 488. 
Hopkins, Elizabeth B., 303, 478. 

and green apple pies, 277. 

appointed matron, 185, 196. 

continues matron, 328, 329. 

herlife in detail, 196-197. 

resigns, 251, 334. 



716 



INDEX. 



Hopkins, Gerard T., 72. 

Hopkins, "^Valter G., 604. 

Hopkinson, Ed., 429. 

Horace, 489. 

Horsford, 519. 

Horsham School, taught by John Gum- 
mere, 153. 

Hoskins, John G., 72. 

Hospital for the Insane, 506. 

Hot suppers, 304. 

House of Refuge and Daniel B. Smith, 
156. 

Howard, Luke, 54. 

Howell, P'l-ancis, 85. 

Howell, Joseph, Jr., 169. 

Howell, William, 500. 

Howutt, Mary, 54. 

Howitt, William, 54. 

Howland, Arthur, emigrates, 181. 

Howland, (Baron), ISO- 

Howland Collegiate School, 409. 

Howland, description of name, 180. 

Howland, Franklyn, 177. 

Howland, George, 159, 162, 179, 183. 

and committee to raise funds, 177- 

178. 
and endowment fund, 178, 
donation to Haverford, 147. 
letter to Thomas Kimber, Jr., 180. 
life in detail, 181-182. 
portrait, 177. 

Howland, Henry, emigrates, 181. 

Howland, Humphrey, 61. 

Howland, John, and the Mayflower, 181. 

Howland, Mrs. George, 182. 

Howland, Robert B., 479. 

Hoxie, Henry N., appointed Assistant 
Head-master of Haverford 
College Grammar School, 
493. 

Hubbard, AVilliam H., 366, 374. 

Hughes, Thomas, [Tom Brown], 455. 

Hunn, John, Treasurer of Loganian 
Society, 119. 

Hunt, 415, 416. 

Hunt, Ambrose, 176. 



Hunt, Uriah, 61. 
Huston, A. F., 362. 
Hutton, Addison, 423. 

architect of Barclay Hall, 423. 
Hutton, J. Wetherill, 640. 

" Tce-creajm," 329. 

description of game, 350-351. 
Imagination, 225, 233. 
"Incubator," 494. 
Indiana, 210, 258, 448. 
Ingersoll, Charles J., 88. 

letter from, 90- 

unfavorable letter, 88. 
In memoriam, (critique), 225. 
Integral Calculus, To the, 225, 235. 
International Arbitration, literature of, 

419. 
Irishman, The, 225. 
Isis, The River, 423. 

Tames, Thomas C, 69, 70, 72. 

Jefferson College, 413. 
Jerry, the unterrified, 329. 
John Farnum Professor of Physics, etc., 

452, 566. 
John, John Ap, 499. 
Johns Hopkins University, 335, 450, 452, 
523, 524, 558, 565, 642, 643. 

House of Commons, 560. 
Johnson, Anna E., Principal Bradford 

Academy, Mass., 450. 
Johnson's Encyclopoedia, 522. 
Jones, Benjamin, 69, 598. 
Jones, David, 501. 
Jones, Eli, 379. 

his curiosities, 379. 
Jones, J. B., 415, 428, 430. 
Jones, Jacob Paul, 404, 500, 612. 

death, 1885, 499, 509. 

his life in detail, 499-512. 

his public bequests, 510. 

portrait, 508. 
Jones, John, Overseer of school, 49-50. 
Jones, Martha, 507. 

death, 1871, 508. 



INDEX. 



717 



Jones,. Owen, 108. 
Jones, Eichard M., 580. 

Head-master, 1875-90, 50. 
Jones, Richard T., 507, 508, 512. 

death, 368, 508. 

his " Literary Genius of America," 
312. 
Jones, Samuel, 500, 501, 502. 

death, 1850, 502. 
"Joseph," 462. 
Joseph ir, in Naples, 198. 
Journal of Pharmacy, The, 156. 
"Judge," The morose, 462. 
Junior exercises of '90, tasteful decora- 
tions, 572. 
Junior exhibitions, 299, 304, 375-376. 
Juno, " wall-eyed," 543. 

IZ AY, Boll, 329. 
^ Kelley, William D., 506. 
Kelly, Tommy, 329. 

Kelly's swimming and skating resort, 
213, 282, 284. 
mill dam, 196, 300, 485. 
Xern, (Prof.), instructor of drawing, 250. 
Kiley's, (Capt.), farm as a site, 74. 
Kimber, Anthony M., 176. 
Kimber, Thomas, Jr., 169, 171, 175-176, 
177, 180, 247, 248, 252, 
253, 267, 308, 480, 520, 
622. 
and the Observatory, 253. 
donations for Hall and Library fund, 

305, 306, 307. 
portrait, 305. 
Kimber, Thomas, Sr., 61, 63, 69, 72, 159, 
162, 167, 179, 185, 190. 
death, 1864, 335. 
Kimber, T. W., 428, 429, 430. 
King, Francis T., 108, 180, 267, 418, 474, 
479, 531. 
Librarian of Loganian Society, 119. 
King invents game of " Ice-cream," 350. 
King, Joseph, Jr., (of Baltimore), 69, 72, 

159, 167, 180. 
King, of 1869, 329. 



Kirkbride, (Dr.), 7, 415, 506. 
Kite, Hannah, matron, 391 . 
Kite, Thomas, 190. 

T ABOBATORIES, 594. 

Laboratory, Chemical, 436, 452, 496. 
Mechanical, erected 1890, 576. 
Physical, additions to, 576. 
Lacrosse introduced, 1880, 582. 
Ladd, (Dr.), Alfred G., Director of gym- 
nasium, 454, 467. 
Ladd, Benjamin W., 72. 
Ladd, William CofRn, Professor of French, 

565, 640. 
Lfelaps Aquilunguis, 23. 
Lafayette Football Club matches, 593. 
Lamb, Thomas W., 301. 
" Lament of the Beetle," anonymous, 216- 

217. 
Lamps, introduced at Haverford, 192. 
Lancaster, Joseph, 54. 
Lancaster Turnpike, 128, 396. 

stone gateway at entrance, view, 

474. 
Land, value of, 28. 
Lane, (Prof.), of Harvard, 248, 519. 
Langdon, 228. 
Langdon, (Dr.), recipe for "making a 

Paper," 223. 
Laporte, Count de, 519. 
Latin, elementary book published by the 

Friends, 39. 
Law, Sud, 428, 429. 
Lawn tennis, 442, 585, 586. 

on fiftieth anniversary, 470. 
Lawrence, Richard H., his poem, '' The 

Consumptive," 134. 
on jury at mock trial, 125. 
Lawrence Scientific School, 529. 
Lawton, Isaac, teacher at Portsmouth) 

(R. L), 45. 
Lazarus, J. H., painted portrait of Thomas 

Chase, 512. 
Learning, Thomas, his lectures, 562. 
Leavenworth, Francis P., Director of Ob- 

fervatoiy, 558, 640. 



718 



INDKX. 



Ledger, The Piil)lic, Philadelplihi, o7(]. 

quoted, 45)5. 
Lee, (General), Robert K., AS. 
Leeds, AUiert E., 452. 

instructs in chemistry, 34S. 

succeeds Professor Cojie, 1541 . 
Leeds, Josiah, 97. 
Leeds, Josiah W., 411. 

his card catalogue, (ilU. 
Leiiigh Football Club matches, 593. 
Leicester District School, 526. 
Leipsic University, 621. 
Lenape Indians, paper by Daniel B. 

Smith, i:;4. 
Lettsom, (Dr.), 54. 
Levick, (Dr.), James J., 6, 171, 176, 262- 

203, 265, 455, 480, 5S0. 
Levick, Thomas J., 212, 202. 
Lewis, Enoch, 54. 

a.nd Westtown, 190. 

his algebra and trigonometry, 190. 

tutor to John Gnmmei'e, 153. 
Lewis, Henry, 500, 512. 
Lewis, Henry Carvill, appointed Profes- 
sor of (ieology, 496. 
Lewis, William D., 580. 
Library, 577. 

and Alumni Hall, 1864, 613. 

and apparatus, 015. 

books on anti-Quakeriana, 626. 
on art, etc., list, 026. 

card catalogue, 411, 619. 

Friends' books, list, 625, 626. 

Gustav l^aur Collection added, 621. 

heads of divisions of catalogue, 613. 

history in detail, 011-030. 

in Founders' Hall, 612. 

Interior of the, view, 618. 

its influence, 644. 
progress, 330. 

Loganian's 1,000 volumes added, 019, 

maps, plans, etc., list, 028-030. 

mathematical works, list, 020. 

miscellaneous works, list, 027. 

new arrangement of, 617, 619. 

I)eriodicals and sets, list, 626-627. 



Library, portraits, views, etc., list, 027- 
028. 

printed catalogue, 1S30, 613. 

rare and curious books, list, 023-630. 

the building, 176, 622. 

twenty-Hve thousand volumes, 208. 
Library Fund, 2(57, 268, 594. 

its completion, 310. 

report of trustees, 1864, 306. 
Lincoln, (President), Abraham, 297, 459. 

death, 008. 

sorrow for his death, 333. 
Lippincott, Charles, 292. 
Lippincott, Horace G., 292, 321. 
Lippincott, Lydia, 498. 
Literary Gymnasium, 122. 
Literary Societies, 388. 
" Literary, The, Genius of America," 312. 
"Little Barnes's" pistol, 551. 
Liverpool and Manchester R. R. (Eng- 
land), 27. 
Llewellyn, 80. 

bathing pond, 107. 

farm-house, 21. 
Llewellyn's House, (Castle Br'th) : view, 

21. 
Lloyd, Francis, 85. 

Lloyd, (Governor), Thomas, hisGramniar 
School in Philadelphia, 49, 
477. 
Locomotive, first in America, 28. 
Locust Mountain Coal Company, 28. 
Locust, the seventeen year, 381. 
Loe, minister of the Society of Friends, o\K 
Logan, Dickinson, 484. 
Logan, Gustavus, 484. 
Logan, James, 117, 477. 

his country-seat, 22. 

Loganian Library, 22. 

Overseer of School, 49. 
Logan, J. Dickinson, 108. 
Loganian Society, 22, 70, 117, 124, 238, 
258, 259, 293, 303, 312, 313, 
341, 379, 391, 443, 440, 491, 
533, 541, 597, 598, 600, 
(i02, 610. 



INDKX. 



71i> 



Loganiai) Society ;iii<l n;itiii;il liiKloty, 
12:5. 
and ornithology, 215. 
and 1'he (Jollegian, 125, I.'W, 221. 
and the grecnl)ou(-c, 111), 121, 185. 
and The Ilaverfordian, ■I'lO. 
and the " Literary (JyninaHium," 

122. 
annnal meeting, 1801, .'JOO. 
appropriation for JIall and Li()rary, 

.'500. 
arfior for grape- viriOH, 121. 
carpenter shop, 120, 121, 128, 
carpenter shop, engraving, 125. 
Chase, n'rof'.j, TlioifiaK, i'resident, 

278. 
committee of criticiKm, 121. 
debatCH, 122. 

and reKoIiitionH adopted, 1 18. 
disapproved name of Debating So- 
ciety, 560. 
education of Friends' ministers, 447. 
Facrjjty, members of, I'M. 
gift of library to College, 1887, 020. 
of 2,600 volumes to College Li- 
brary, 559. 
history in detail, 214-240, 5!M-5'.»8. 
improvements wmmenced, 122. 
its botanical garden, 1 18, 120, 121. 
five committees, 118. 
library, .'511, 020. 
officeis and members, 1 17, 215. 
organization, 110, 117-110. 
weekly meetings, 215. 
languishes, 405, 
meetings, 100, 170, 217, 209, '.',()'■',. 

well attended, 278. 
mock trial of directors of Car|;enter 

Shop, 125. 
office of Librarian, '■',] 1 . 
prizes awarded, 18.",0-:57, 110, l2l. 
for best declaimcr and debater, 
447, 
public meeting, 804, 
reorganized, 215, 444. 
satire and sarcasm indulged in, 124. 



Loganian Sr)(:i<;ty, Semi-ccnOinnial, 1881, 
170. 

Smidi, Diinicl !{., I'n Kidcnl, 177. 

subjects of debate, 2.'i8-240. 

the friiil,, 120. 

trustees appoint<-d, 171. 
Loganians, Meeting to rai^:e .1)10,000, 170. 
London, etc., Philosophical Magazine, 

527. 
"London CjiiiarNjrly Kcvicw," H7. 
ijongfellow, 510. 

and railway trains, 281, 28.'{, 
Longstrcth, 482. 
Longstrcth, M., .'522. 
Longsireth, William, 484. 
Longstreth's School for'iii'ls, :{70, 
Lord, John, his lectuics on liislory, 21 1. 
Louis Philippe, 198. 
lA)ve, Robert, 4f;4. 
Lovcjoy, l';iijah P., murderwi at AII,on, 

18:57, 1:52. 

Lovering, 510. 

Lowell, .James ItuHsell, 514. 

" Lower Societies," 447. 

Lowry, 415. 

Lowry, William C, 598, 

Lunch-pies, 12, 889. 

Luther before Diet of Worms, 225, 2.'50, 

Lyc!/;an Cricket (;iub, 1857, 290, 201. 

defeated by ]->orian, 201. 

united with Dorian, 29:5, 
Lyceum, Th^, 002. 
Lyons, (Dr.), .James Gilborne, 280, 

his school, 259, 288, 28.9, 289, .312, 
:590. 

/Wl ACAi;t:AV, 'J'domah l>Ai'.is<i'i()!<, his 
attack on William I't-nn, 
208. 

his miscellaneous writings, 001. 

reading his history, 208. 
Macdonald, 590, 
Max.hine shop, 490, 524. 
Ma<;Veagh, Wayne, 49H. 
Mad-dog scare, 187. 
Magee, Horace, 822, 428, 420. 



720 



INDEX. 



Magill, President of Swarthmore Col- 
lege, 475, 
Makuen, George H., 553. 
Managers' list, r)89-(>n-_>. 
Manayunk, '2S4. 
Mann, Horace, 526. 

Manuscripts added to Library, 567, 623. 
Maple Avenue, 328, 381, 490. 

view, 380. 
Marbles, 287. 

Markham, (Governor), and Grammar 
School in Pliiladel])hia, 49. 
Marsli, Benjamin Y., 5, 375, 399, 484. 

and Haverford, 155. 

Assistant Superintendent, 110, 132. 

death, 1882, 463. 

resigns, 149. 
Martin, E. L., 593. 
Maryland, 210. 

education in, 35. 
Mason, Samuel, 582, 593. 
Massachusetts, 210, 517. 
Massachusetts Bay, 18. 
Massachusetts Regiment, Fifty-fourth, 
325. 

Fifty-fifth, 325. 
Masters, Thomas, Overseer of School. 50. 
Matthews, Thomas R., 180. 
Mayflower, 1620, 181. 
McMurrich, (Dr.), J. Playfair, 523, 524, 
535, 552, 559. 

resigns, 574. 
'' Mecca of the Rowlands, The," 181. 
Media Training School for Feeble-mind- 
ed Children, 302. 
Meeting House, 482, 483, 544-545, 651. 

and discipline, 356. 

at Haverford, view, 460. 

at Hendri Mawr, 501. 
Meeting House Bridge, 286. 

Old Merion, view, 29. 

snowball fray, 546. 
Meetings for Sufferings, 41, 45. 
Mellor, Alfred, 292. 
Mellor, George, 292, 321. 
Mendenhall, Cyrus, 258, 259, 482. 



Mendenhall, (Dr.), Nereus, 446. 

appointed Superintendent, 442. 
Mental cultivation, 234. 
Mercantile Library, (N. Y.), 190, 
Merion, 86, 287, 499, 500, 501. 
Merion Cricket Club, 336, 417, 430, 535. 

defeated by the Dorian C. C, 345- 
347. 

first eleven defeated at Wynnewood, 
361. 
Merion cricket grounds, lawn tennis on, 

585. 
Merion Meeting House, 21, 80, 86. 
Meteoric showers in 1867-68, 351, 376. 
Microscopes, 524. 
Mike's oyster and ice-cream saloon, 274, 

283, 285. 
Mill Creek, 77, 79, 86, 206, 212, 282, 
284. 

view of fishing-pool on, 286. 

views, 79, 286, 414. 
Mince turnovers and cider, 203. 
Minnewaska, Lake, 207. 
Missouri Compromise, 237. 
Mitchell, T., 322. 
Mitchell, William P'orster, appointed 

Superintendent, 301. 
Mock senates, 606. 

trials, 596, 606, 608. 
Modocs, cricket-match, 417. 

defeated by Haverford, 417. 
Molionk, Lake, 207. 

and Indian affairs, 207. 
Moore, (Dr.), E. M., 187. 
Moore, Jesse H., 448. 
Moore, Lindley Murray, address on Pos- 
tal System, 215. 

and tobacco, 187. 

appointed Principal, 1848, 185. 

his eccentric methods, 187. 

his life in detail, 185-188. 

President Loganian Society, 215. 

resigns, 1850, 193, 211. 
Moore, Thomas, 186. 
Moore's, Tom, cottage, 26. 
" Moralists, Tiie," 604. 



INDEX. 



721 



Morgan, C. E., 322. 
Morgan, J., 322. 
Morgan, James A., 108. 
Morley, (Prof.), Frank, 193, 640. 

Professor of Mathematics, 558, 575. 
Morton, (Prof.), trip to Iowa, J 869, 400. 
Morris, 86, 428, 430. 
Morris & Jones, 504, 508. 
Morris, Antliony, Overseer of School, 49. 
Morris, Holly, 551. 
Morris, Israel, 507. 
Morris, Israel W., 504, 506. 
Morris, Joshua H., 598. 
Morris, Marriott C, 7. 
Morris, Samuel, 176. 
Morris, Samuel B., 69, 72, 105. 
Morris, Theodore H., 604. 
Morris, Wistar, 252, 523, 531. 
Morris's dam, swimming at, 196, 282, 284, 

300, 378. 
" Moses," 464. 

Mother Purdy and oyster stews, 203. 
Mott, Abigail L., 186. 
Mott, Richard, 75, 186. 
Mott, Samuel F., 72, 75. 
Mott, William F., of Xew York, 61, 69, 

159. 
Mount Kisco, (N. Y.), 465. 
Mount Pleasant, school in 1836, 54. 
Mozoomdar, 478. 
Muhlenberg, 192. 

Muhlenberg College, Long Island, 59. 
Muir, 576. 
Mulberry Street Meeting to establish 

Seminary, 60, 69. 
Munich University, 513. 
Murray, 122. 
Murray, Lindley, 72, 480. 

and education, 43. 

his address, 121. 

his " Recollections," 486. 

portrait, 42. 
Murray, Lindley, Jr., 176. 
Murray, Robert Lindley, 169, 176. 
Museum, apparatus and appliances, 633, 
634. 



Museum, botanical collection, list, 631, 

633. 
collections. Library and, 611-635. 
ethnological collection, list, 630, 633. 
geological collection, list, 631-632, 

633. 
summary of contents, 633. 
zoological collection, list, 630-631, 

633. 
Music and Senior Chbs, 407. 

and yet " Thee's a Friend's child ! " 

407. 
by an organ grinder at Iniicli, 548. 
See Haverford College. 

Mantucket, Mass., 247. 
Nantucket School, 44. 
Napoleon and Stephen Greliet, 304. 
Natural History researches, 136. 
Naughty chickens and sport, 283. 
New Bedford, Mass., 181, 565. 
New Bedfoid School, 44. 
Newbold, Edward, 600. 
Newbui-yport, Mass., 478. 
New Castle, 474. 

New England, 178, 434, 450, 502, 564. 
New England Yearly Meetings, 44, 91. 
Newhall, Paul W.,167, 179, 185, 201. 
New Hampshire, 210. 
New Jersey, 186, 192, 200, 210, 258, 408, 
475. 

education in, 36. 
New Jersey, West, Quaker Slate, 166. 
Newlin, 415, 416. 
Newlin, (Prof.), Thomas, 523. 

Professor of Zoology and Botany, 
496. 
Newman, (Cardinal), 489. 
New Y'ear, ringing in, 376, 377. 
New York, 170, 178, 210, 265, 450, 475, 
512. 

financial losses, 1837-39, 142, 143. 

Friends, 179. 

population of, 28. 

reviews, 147. 
New York State, education in, 36. 



46 



722 



INDEX. 



New York University, 247. 
New York Yearly Meeting, 60. 
Nicholson, .J. W., 417. 
Nicholson, Lindzey, 69. 
Nicholson, Timothy, 273. 

Superintendent, 298. 
Nicknames, 10, 11, 12, 24, 140, 188, 192, 
196, 259, 260, 277, 282, 283, 
284,325,329,349,416,462, 
464,474,482,551. 
Nine Partners, Schools there, 46, 186. 

Quarterly Meeting, 46. 
" No More," 300, 303. 
Norris, Isaac, Overseer of School, 49. 
North American, Philadelphia, 274, 
376. 

and Dr. Paul Swift, 315. 

paragraph from, 137. 
North American Review, 522, 597, 619. 
North Carolina, 303, 446, 448, 564. 

Quaker State, 166. 
Northern Liberties, 506. 
Northwestern University, 575. 
Nova Scotia, 186. 

residence in, 226, 229. 
Novels among '" archives" of the Socie- 
ties, 351. 
" Nursery," at Founders' Hall, 538. 

/^AKMAN, G., 322. 

Observatories, Tiie, view, 252. 
Observatory, 176, 241, 295, 453, 460, 482, 

490, 529, 558. 
beginning of, 200. 
"Ode to Venus," 596. 
Ohio, 30, 210, 446. 

education in, 36. 
"Old Buck Tavern," 549. 
Old Lancaster Road, 203. 
Old Merion Meeting House, view, 29. 
''Old Philadelphia Saving Fund" and 

Daniel B. Smith, 156. 
" Olen" in The Collegian, 344, 345. 
Olive Street Friends, 69. 
One of the Shady Haunts of the Students, 

view, 160. 



Opie, Amelia, 54, 128. 

"Opinions respecting a moral sense," 
157. 

Orators of Alumni Association, 694. 

Oratory, Alumni prize competition, 1890, 
576. 

Orchard, 93. 

Osceola, Iowa, 303. 

" '0 TETTlz," in 1874, 393. 

Outerbridge, A. A., 428. 

Owen, 86. 

Owen, Griffith, Overseer of School, 49. 

Owen, Oliver G., Assistant Superintend- 
ent, etc., 357. 

Oxford cap and gown, 498, 553. 

Oxford University, 38, 495, 520. 

Oysters at Purdy's, 138. 

Daige, Feanklin E., 212, 262, 480. 

his address, 239. 

his Fifth Book of Euclid, 245. 

resigns, 245. 
Palfeontology, discoveries in, 23. 
" Paley," 352. 

cremated, 534. 
" Palingenesis," 395. 
Pan, his great hit for seven, 349. 
Pancoast, (Dr.), Joseph, and his sons, 212. 
Pancoast, (Mrs.), Joseph, and a rolling^ 

stone, 212. 
Pancoast, (Prof.), William H., 580. 

degree of A.M. conferred, 413. 
Paoli massacre, scene of, 22. 
Paper Mill, view, 131. 
Parker, 416. 

"Parlement Universel, Le," 418. 
Parlor, the boys', 205. 

the matrons', 205. 
Parnell, minister of the Society of 

Friends, 59. 
Parrish, Jim, 259. 
Parrish, Joseph, 466, 580. 

his " Cricket Song," 431-433. 
Parry, Edward R., Treasurer Loganian 

Society, 215. 
Parsons, Robert B., 171, 176. 



INDEX. 



723 



Parsons, Samuel, 61, 72, 73, 75, 76, 159. 

at New York Yearly Meeting, 60. 

on the Central School, 62. 
Parsons, Samuel B., 108. 
Pastorius, Francis Daniel, schoolmaster 

in 1700, 50, 477. 
Patterson, G. S., 587, 588, 589, 590, 593. 
Patton, (Dr.), his address on education, 

563. 
Paul, Elizabeth, 503. 
Paul, Jacob, 502. 
Paul, John, 72. 
Paul, Martha, 502. 
Paul, Mary, 502. 
Paul, Samuel, 503. 
Paxson, Richard C, 605. 
Peirce, 519. 
Peitsmeyer, Edward, drowned at Cape 

May, 362. 
Pembroke, Wales, 512. 
Penington, minister of the Society of 

Friends, 59. 
Penketh School, 43. 
Penllyn, North Wales, 501. 
" Penn and Macaulay," 208. 
Penn Boundary Stone, view, 17. 
Penn Charter School, 50, 57. 
Penn College, (Iowa), 450, 564, 569, 641. 
Penn, Commonwealth of, 17. 

minister of the Society of Friends, 59. 
Penn Literary Society, 124. 

books confiscated, 599. 

history in detail, 598-599. 

its accounts reported on, 599. 
Penn, William, 19-21, 22, 47,48, 91, 117, 
408, 477, 501, 512. 

and changed value of land, 199. 

and Welsh Tract, 19,20. 

his charters to Grammar School in 
Philadelphia, 49, 50. 

his coat-of-arras, 86. 

his frame of government, 47. 

letter as to education of his children, 
47. 
of 1683, 500. 
to Governor Thomas Lloyd, 48. 



Penn, William, price paid him for land, 85. 
purchase of East Jersey, 189. 
quoted, 167. 

received £25 for 1,250 acres in Penn- 
sylvania, 84. 
the "Quaker Cavalier," 464. 
Pennock, Abram L., 72, 162. 
Pennock, J. Liddon, 108, 122, 484. 
Penn's Treaty, 234. 

Pennsylvania, 19, 200,210,408, 464, 501- 
education in, 34. 
Quaker State, 166. 
view of oldest paper-mill, 131. 
Pennsylvania College, 408. 
Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, 

409. 
Pennsylvania Company for Insurances, 

etc., 505. 
Pennsylvania Hall burned by mob, 1838, 

132. 
Pennsylvania Historical Society, 23. 
Pennsylvania Hospital, 256, 408, 506. 
Pennsylvania Magazine, quoted, 501. 
Pennsylvania Railroad, 27, 77, 79, 199, 
286, 295, 299,423,491,638. 
changes its line, 396. 
to build new bridge, 107, 304. 
Pennsylvania Regiment, the Twenty- 
ninth, 315. 
Pennsylvania State Medical Society, 408. 
Pennsylvania University, 319, 408, 409, 
428, 472, 473, 530, 643. 
and John Gummere, 154. 
defeated in cricket, 884, 417, 427, 

430, 576. 
first cricket-match with Dorian, 

1864, 320-322. 
football matches, 593. 
Pennypacker, Judge, on F. D. Pastorius, 

50. 
Percy, 416. 
Periodicals, 610. 
Perot, James P., 600. 
Perot, James S., 325. 
Pestalozzi, 517. 
Petroleum, 25, 347. 



724 



INDEX. 



Philadelphia, passim, e. g., 255, 303, 364, 
494, 499, 500, 502, 508, 580, 
643. 

a model city, 24. 

a "Paradise of Mediocrity," 24. 

Academy of Natural Sciences, 23, 
"408. 

and Columbia R. R., 26. 

and Liverpool Packet Line, 199. 

and Stephen Girard, 183. 

Bi-Centennial, 464, 465. 

Board of Trade, 256. 

Boys' High School, 408. 

CitV Hall, 256. 

College of Medicine, 408. 

committee on education, 61-62. 

Continental Congress, 22. 

Corner-stone of America, 18. 

Dental College, meeting at, 364. 

Friends' Academy, 57. 

Friends' Select School, 526. 

Grammar Schojl there, 49. 

High School, 254. 

Hospital, 408. 

House of Refuge, 256. 

Independence Hall, 23. 

Library, 97, 484. 

Mercantile Libraiy, 256. 

Monthly Meeting, 500. 

population of, 28. 

Quarterly Meeting, 78. 

Railroad Station, 1860, 295. 

Reynolds' School, 249. 

Richardson, C. F., on, 18. 

Saint George's Hall, Alumni meet- 
ing, 1889, 580. 

School for Young Ladies, 526. 

schools in, 57. 

State House, 22. 

Union League Club, 412, 580. 

unlawful visits to, 537. 

Walnut Street Charity School, 35. 

West Philadelphia, 295, 506. 

Woman's Hospital, 408. 

Yearly Meeting, 9(i. 

Young Men's Institute, 505. 



Phillips, (Prof.), 530. 
Phillips, Richard, 54. 
Phillips, AVilliam, 54. 
Photograph of Class allowed, 340. 
Pickering, Elihu, Friends' School, 167, 

503. 
Pie, how divided in " Senior Room,'' 

353. 
Pies, 487. 
Pillow fight, 359. 

Pinkham, John W., Tutor and Libra- 
rian, 305. 
Pinkham, Joseph G., 336. 
" Pinus Inops — Jersey Pine," translated, 

280. 
Plainfield, (N. J.), 189. 
Play- House, 244. 
Plymouth, 503. 

Colony, 181. 

(England), 524. 

(Montgomery County), 502. 

Rock, Pilgrims of, 18. 
Poets of Alumni Association, 694. 
Political Club, Tlie, shortlived, 446. 
Pope, Edward M., death, 1886, 532. 
" Porgies," 482. 
Porter & Coates, 7. 
Postage, Penny, in England, 198. 
Post-Office at Henderson's, 274. 
Potter, (Bishop), 505. 
Powder Mill, Revolutionary, near Wynne- 
wood : view, 159. 
Pratt, Charles E., 5, 366, 374, 375, 412. 
Pratt, (General), Daniel, 604. 

a "tramp," 381. 

his address to the students, 382-384. 
Prefect, Office created, 1879, 435. 
Presence of mind, 282. 

a by-word, 285. 
President, name adopted, 269. 
Presidents : List, 688. 
Preston, Samuel, Overseer of Sciiool, 49. 
Price, 582. 
Price, (Hon.), Eli K., Centennial Address, 

500. 
Price, AV. F., 593 



INDEX. 



725 



Princeton College, 59, 563, 565. 
and John Gummere, 154. 

Principal became President, 269. 

Private Review, rule for, 351. 

Prizewinners of Alumni Association, 694. 

Prizes, Annual Committee on, 365. 

Proser, A, 227. 

Prospect Hill, 79, 206, 282, 284. 

Proud, Eobert, Master of Penn Charter 
School, 50. 

Providence, (R. L), Friends' Boarding 
School, 187, 194, 206, 210, 
245, 450, 525,-526. 

Public Schools, Society for the Promo- 
tion of, 35. 

Purdy's, a farm-house, 138. 

Purver, Anthony, Translator of the Bi- 
ble, 54. 

Pusey, Caleb, Overseer of School, 49. 

Pyrrliic victory, an elephantine victory, 
544, 

QUADRANGLE, The, view, 386. 
" Quaker Cavalier, The," 464. 
Quaker Schools, 192. 
Quaker States, 166. 
Quakerism and its dress, 191. 

and James G. Blaine, 191. 

principle of, 19. 
Quakers and education, 38. 

in the New World, 19. 

their "specialties," 287. 
Quarterly Meeting, committee, 1863, 315. 
Quincy, Josiah, 518. 

Dadnor, 21, 86,499, 500. 
^ Monthly Meeting erect a Meeting 
House, 106-107. 
Saint David's Cliurcii : view, 34. 
Rahway, (N. J.), school, 186. 
Railway station, 1851, 11, 257. 
" Ram," 462. 
Rambler, 226, 229, 232. 
Rancocas, (N. J.), 397. 

school taught by John Gummere,153. 
Randolph, 582. 



Randolph, George, 176. 
Randolph, Rachel S. J., 623. 
Rats, Twenty-three e8sa5's on, 239. 
Rebellion, effects on building scheme, 

307. , 
Recitation-room, Classical, view, 343. 
"Recollections," by Lindley Murray, 

486. 
Reece, Davis, and Mahlon Dickerson, 192. 
Reese, 86. 

Reeve, Augustus H., 475. 
Reeve, W., 587, 588. 
Remington's, a splendid country-seat, 

283. 285. 
Reminiscences, 1885-87, 536-557. 
Republican Royalty, visit from, 558. 
Reservatum majoribus: translated, 141. 
" Retiring Rule," 537. 
Revolutionary Powder Mill, view, 159. 
Reynolds, William Atigustus, appointed 

teacher, 241. 
his scholarships, 249. 
instructor of Classics, 1853, 248. 
resigns, 1855, 249. 
Rhetorical Society, 124, 600. 
Rhoads, (Dr.), Edward, death, 363. 
Rhoads, Samuel, 167. 
Rhoads, William, 482. 
Rhode Island, 489, 525. 
Quaker State, 166. 
School, 45. 
Rhodes, 582. 
Rhos y mynydd, 502. 
Richards, Jonathan, 149, 168. 

appointed Superintendent, 1853, 251. 
Richards, Margaret, appointed matron, 

1853, 251. 
Richardson, C. F., in his " American 

Literature," 18. 
Richmond, (Ind.), 196, 212. 
(Va.), 325. 

fall of, 333. 
Ringwalt, J. L., quoted, 27. 
Roberts, Charles, 5, 6, 375, 480, 580. 
Roberts, Charles, Master of Penn Charter 

School, 50. 



726 



INDEX. 



Roberts, Joseph, Master of Penn Charter 

School, 50. 
Robins, Benjamin, 54. 
Rodman, Edmund, 598. 
Rogers, (Prof.), Robert W., 567. 
his catalogue, 623. 
Instructor in Greek, 558. 
receives degree of Doctor of Philos- 
ophy, 577. 
resigns, 574. 
Rolker, 519. 

Roman Catholic College, (Md.), 59. 
Rose, D. F., and Cricket, 12, 348. 
Rosin-gas scheme, 254. 
Rotch, William, Jr., and George How- 
land, 181. 
Rowden School, 43. 
Rugby, (England), 97, 419, 428, 461,471, 

485. 
Rugby Football, 288, 581. 
defeats Swarthmore, 582. 
first match at Haverford, 1879, 
(drawn), 581. 
Running track and Meetings, 570, 585. 
"Rushing,'' term for "Hazing" at Haver- 
ford, 377. 
Ruskin, 517. 

C A., and pine board wickets and 

"^' ' bats, 289. 

SafTron-Walden School, 43. 

Saint Charles Borromeo College, 287. 

Saint David's Church, Radnor: view, 34. 

Sandbag, a boxing club, 281, 284. 

Sands, David, 209. 

Sandwich, (Mass.), school there, 186. 

Sanford, (Prof.), Myron R., 543, 552, 640. 

Sansom, Beulah, 622. 

Sansom, Joseph, 622. 

Santa Barbara, Free Public Library, 194. 

Museum of Natural History, 194. 
Sargent, Dr., 454. 
Satterthwaite, Samuel T., 259, 482. 
Savannah, The, the first steamship, 28. 
Say, Thomas, naturalist, 54. 
Scarborough, (England), 477. 



" Scavenger," or Class Deputy, 353. 
Schaeffer, Charles, his map, 240. 
Schell, (Prof.), instructor of Drawing, 250. 
Schoolmasters' Convention, 1886, 532. 
Schoolmasters in the Friends' Schools, 

42. 
Schools in Boston, 35. 

in Connecticut, 36. 

in New England, 36, 44. 

in New Jersey, 36. 

in New York, 46. 

in New York State, 36. 

in North Carolina, 53. 

in Ohio, 36, 54. 

of Friends in 1671, 39. 

of Friends on settling in America, 
44. 

" Select Schools," 51. 

Society for the promotion of public 
schools, 35. 

ten established by Friends in Eng- 
land, 43. 
Schuylkill hill, 212. 

river, 26, 259, 282, 284, 298, 474. 

Valley, 206. 
Scientific American, quoted, 453. 
Scott, Alexander, and lease of farm, 185. 
Scott, (Sir), Walter, 237. 

quoted, 209. 
Scull, David, Jr., 263, 265. 
Scull, David, Sr., 167, 179, 18-5. 

death, 497. 

his donation, 559. 

portrait, 496. 
Scull, Edward Lawrence, 322, 498, 622, 
623. 

and Barclay Hall, 404. 

death, 491. 

his bequest, §10,000, 491. 
Scull, Gideon, 498. 
Second Juniors, 275. 

become Sophomores, 269, 300. 
Secretaries : List, 688. 
Seebohm, Benjamin, minister of tiie So- 
ciety of Friends, 205. 
Seelye, President Smith College, 450. 



INDEX. 



727 



Select schools, 51. 

Senior Class, rules for lunch of pie, 353. 
Senior room, its privileges, 352-353. 
Senior's Christmas and New Years, 378. 

Farewell, lines and notes by Samuel 
A. Hadley, 281-285. 
Serpentine, The, 48fi, 538. 

view, 240. 

Walk, 279. 
Serrill, Isaac S., 122, 170, 2()3. 

deatli, 363. 

his address, 178. 

his " Haverford Revisited," 171-175. 

his " Haverford Revived," 261. 
Siiackelwell, boarding-school for girls, 39. 
Shackleton, Abraham, school at Balli- 

tore, Ireland, 1725, 44. 
Shakespeare admitted to the Athenseum, 

354. 
Shaking liands, 225. 
"Shangliai" and bread and butter, 277. 

college name for molasses, 282, 284, 
462. 
Sharon Walk, 486. 
Sharp, Isaac, 464. 
Sharp, .Joseph W., 583, 593. 
Sharpless, 122. 
Sharpless, Charles L., 108, 169, 176,265, 

267, 484. 
Sharpless, D. OfHey, 108. 
Sharpless, Henry G., 169, 176, 265. 
Sharpless, (Dean), Isaac, 7, 193, 406, 436, 
443, 452, 453, 459, 479, 489, 
492, 493, 535, 544, 551, 557, 
558, 563, 564, 566, 577, 580, 
599, 640. 

elected President, 1887, 528, 550. 

encourages athletics, 560. 

his life in detail, 529-530. 

inauguration exercises, 1887, 531. 

made Dean, 496. 

portrait, 530. 

Professor of Ethics, 575. 

residence, 406. 
Sharpless, Townsend, 162, 167, 179. 
Shaw, (Colonel), 325. 



Shelter for Colored Orphans, 147. 
Sheppard, Clarkson, 108, 479. 

his address, 121. 

Vice-president of Loganiiui Society, 
1 19. 
Shinny, 126, 206, 282, 287, 288, 289, 293. 
Shipley, Thomas, 69, 70. 
Shipley's School f<;r girls, 376. 
Shippen, Edward, Overseer of School, 49. 
Shoemaker, S. V>., 593. 
Shooting, Essay on, 234. 
Sidcot School, established 1809, 43. 
Sidney, (Sir), Philip, quoted, 347. 
Sill, Davis, lease to, 94. 
Silliman, (Prof.), Benjamin, 190. 

and Josiah White, 27. 

Lectures on Geology, 190. 
Sims, J. C, 322. 
Skating, 259, 300, 465, 515, 645. 

holiday, 298. 
Skating-pond, 399. 

view, 646. 
Slavery, 198, 228, 237, 302 

its influence, 132. 
Smiley, Albert K., 478. 

an Indian Commissioner, 207. 

graduate, 1849, 208. 

resigns, 247. 

teacher of English Literature, 206, 
211,244. 
Smiley, Alfred H., 478. 

gi-aduate, 1849, 208. ^ 

resigns, 247. 

teacher of Elnglish Literature, 206, 
211, 244. 
Smith, (Dr.), "History of Delaware 

County," 20. 
Smith, Albanus, 598. 
Smith, Asa B., 61. 
Smith, Benjamin R., 108, 176. 
Smith, Charles, of P. & R. R. Co., 190. 
Smith, (Prof), Clement L.,313, 328, 474, 
' 479, 531, 580. 

goes to Gottingen, 33>). 
1 Librarian, 617. 

I Smith College, 450. 



728 



INDEX. 



Smith, Daniel B., (il, 63, (JU, 72, 122, 151, 
162, 171, 218,485,565,599, 
623. 

a great teacher at IJaverford, 97. 

address to students, 177. 

and Chemistry, 244. 

death, 1883, 157, 466. 

his " History of the United States,'' 
157. 

his library in Cottage Row, German- 
town, 157. 

his life in detail, 155-157. 

his " Ode to Venus," 596. 

his writings, 134. 

influence on Haverford, 98. 

judge at mock trial, 125. 

letter to Richard Mott, 1831, 75. 

made Principal, 1843, 149. 

member of distinguished Societies, 
156. 

method of teaching, 116. 

on Natural Sciences, etc, 1832, 242. 

portrait, 63. 

President of Loganian Society, 119, 
134. 

recommended as teacher, 104. 

residence at Haverford, 104. 

resigns, 1845, 150. 

resolution on his resignation, 161. 

teacher of English, etc., 109, 110, 131. 
Smith, Dillwyn, 108. 
Smith, (Dr.), Paul, his gunpowder, 315. 
Smith, George, 322. 
Smith, Lloyd P., 265, 267, 480. 

his " Reminiscences," 484. 

on Daniel B. Smith, 97. 
Smith, (Mrs.), Daniel B., 98. 
Smith, Robert Pearsall, 176, 266, 598. 
Snell-Olmstead, his "Natural Philoso- 
phy,' 566. 
Snob's, alias Temperance store, 283, 285, 

286, 538. 
Snowball fight, 465. 

Societies, Minor, of the Early Day, 600. 

Solger, (Dr.), Reinhold, his lectures on 

History, 299. 



"Song of the Dorian," 431. 

Sophomore l las;, 1858-59, subscription 

for Hall and Library, 306. 
Sophomore Day, 534, 555. 
Sophomore otherwise " a wise fool," 543. 

name adopted, 269, 300. 
Sophomores, 275. 
South, the Reconstruction of, 333. 
Southeby, William, Overseer of School, 

49-50. 
Sparks, 519. 

Spectitor, The, plagiirism from, 486. 
Spectroscope added, 490. 
Spelling-bee, 608. 
Springet, H., 41. 
" Square Friend," TJie, 56. 
Stanbury, Nathan, Overseer of School, 50. 
Starr, Edward, 321. 
Starr, Joseph W., 480. 
Steamship, the first, 28. 
Steel pens introduced at Haverford, 192. 
Steele, Thomas C. , 604. 
Steere, Jonathan Mowry, 640. 
Stenton, 22. 
Stevens, (Bishop), 495. 
Stevens' Institute, Hoboken, 341, 496. 
Stevens, (Prof.), Moses C, 295, 301,565. 
Stevenson, Isaac, 209. 
Stewardson, George, of Philadelpliia, 61, 

69,72, 105, 159, 162. 
Stewart, Dugald, his ethical lectuies, 139. 

his philosophy, 139. 
Stille, (Dr.), Charles J., his "Life and 

Times of .John Dickinson," 

52. 
Stone Gateway at entrance, Lancaster 

Pike: view, 474. 
Story, Thomas, 477. 

Overseer of School, 49. 
Strawbridge, Justus C, 490. 
Strong, William, 397. 
Stroud, (Dr.), William D., 176. 
Stuart, George, tutor of Classics, 250. 
Stubs, John, the Battle- Door, 39. 
Student, The, 522, 564. 
quoted, 351. 



INDEX. 



729 



Students' Committee, 179. 

List, 1833-1891,655-684. 

meeting called, 169. 

rooms, views, 114, 573. 
Study-room, The, 388. 
" Stump" Baily's cornet, 551. 
Sublime, The (a burlesque), 225. 
Sugar, Free, 206. 
Sunday School Times, 522. 
Superior, The Lake, 196. 
Superstition, 225. 
Suppers, 562. 
Swain Free School, 565. 
Swansea, 499. 
Swarthmore College, 475, 554. 

football matches, 582, 583, 593. 
Swift, (Dr.^, Paul, 298, 304, 313, 328, 452, 
482, 487. 

and chemistry, 245. 

and dictionaries, 278. 

and his maxims, 278. 

anecdotes of, 377. 

appointed a Manager, 247. 

appointed teacher, 241. 

death, 1866, 334. 

details of, 246-247. 

his actions and jokes, 316. 

his cucumbers, 482. 

his discipline, 483. 

his gunpowder, 315. 

on death of President Lincoln, 332. 

portrait, 317. 

resigns, 1865, 334. 

teacher of English, 1853, 247. 
Swift, (Mrs.), Paul, 46. 

T^ABEB, Abeam, 479. 
^ Taber, Charles, 267. 

his address, 126. 
" Talk with Professor Emeritus," 394-395. 
Tatnall, Edward, 108. 
Tatum, George M., 604. 
Tatum, Josiah, 162, 167. 
Taverns, views. 111, 213. 
Taylor, 416. 
Taylor, Charles, 144. 



Taylor, Charles S., 361, 366, .374, 37.S. 
Taylor, Christopher, headmaster of Wal- 
tham School, .39. 

in Pennsylvania colony, 39. 
Taylor, (Dr.), Joseph W., 450. 
Taylor, F. H., 417, 426. 
Taylor, George W., his " free" labor 

store, 206. 
Taylor Hall, Bryn Mawr College : view, 

451. 
Teeth, and visits to Philadelphia, 138. 
Telescope, Equatorial, 490. 

purchased, 253. 
Tennis, 461, 645, 649. 

first tournament, 1886, 535. 
Test, Zaccheus, 211, 212, 262. 
Thayer, 590. 

Theatrical representations called " Cha- 
rades," 606. 
Themes made to order, 555. 
Theoros, Letter from, 225, 230, 232. 
Third Juniors, now Freshmen, 275, 300. 
Thomas, 582. 
Thomas, (Mrs ), Superintendent Fair 

Hill School, 53. 
Thomas, (Prof.), Allen C, 6, 273, 298, 322, 
459, 513, 523, 552, 567, 640. 

appointed Prefect, 435. 

farewell supper to, 513. 

his residence : view, 612. 

librarian, 575. 
Thomas, Bond V., 593. 
Thomas, David, gift to Loganian Society, 

119. 
Thomas, James, 85. 

Thomas, (Dr.), James Carey, 212, 262,. 
267, 471. 

his address, 238. 

Secretary Loganian Society, 215. 
Thomas, John Ap, 501. 
Thomas, John C, 292. 
Thomas, John J., honorary degree of 

M. A. conferred, 434. 
Thomas, John M. W., 593. 
Thomas, (Dr.), Joseph, 319, 4.34. 

and his publishers, 97. 



730 



INDEX. 



Thomas, (Dr.), Joseph, first teacher of 
Latin and Greek, 96. 

his dictionaries, UO-97. 

teacher of Elocution, 250. 
Thomas, Mary, 50(). 
Thomas, Kees, 78, 87. 
Thomas, Richard, 506. 
Thomas, (Dr.), Richard H., 180. 

Letter to Thomas Kimber, 1847, 180. 
Thomas, Samuel, Superintendent Fair 

Hill School, 53. 
Thomas, Sarah, 506. 
Thomas, Thomas, 74, 78. 
Thompson, 590. 

Thompson, Joseph Osgood, ()40. 
Thomson, Cliarles, Master of Penn 
Charter School, 50. 

residence : view, 214. 

Secretarj' of Continental Congress, 
50. 
Thomson, John, 7. 
Tilghman, (Chief Justice), and the House 

of Refuge, 156. 
Tilt, 416. 

" Times," London, 418, 465. 
Tobacco, its use forbidden, 391. 
Tomlinson, Edwin, 604. 
Toronto University, 523. 
Toriey, 519. 

Tottenham School, esiablislied 1828, 43. 
Town-ball, 126, 135, 259, 287, 288. 
Townsend, (Dr.), 446. 
Transportation, Systen)s of, 25, 27. 
Treasurers : List, 688. 
Trendelenberg, 520. 
Tiimble, Stephen M., to farm the land, 

94. 
Tuke, James Hack, 455. 
Turkey Gobblers, The, 610. 
"Twin Star," 514. 

library fund, 594. 

the Bryn Mawr College, 541. 
Tyro Lingo, 228, 230, 231, 232, 234, 601. 

and The Collegian, 223-225. 

how he made a " Paper," 223-224. 
Tyson, 582. 



Tyson, Isaac Jr.'s Sons, 180. 
Tyson, (Dr.), James, 472, 580. 

T JNDERniLL, Stepiikx, 604. 

^ Union Springs, (N. Y.), 409, 434. 

seminary for girls, 182. 
United Cricket Club, 27(i, 303. 

defeated, 293. 
United States, aggregate wealth of, 182. 

growth of Railroads, 486. 
" United States Dispensatory," 15(>. 
United States Mint, 23. 
United States National Museum, 523. 
Uriah, Mrs. Hopkins's man-servant, 329. 



V 



AIL, B. A., his record for bowling, 320, 



Vail, Hugh D., 478, 565. 

changes introduced by, 192. 

declined position of Principal, 1850, 
193. 

his dress, 190, 192. 

his life in detail, 188-194. 

his sister, 273. 

resigns, 193, 245. 

teacher of Mathematics, 1848, 185. 
Valley Forge Encampment, 22. 
Vaux, George, Jr., 6. 
Vau.x, Roberts, 292, 604. 
Venus, transit of, 1882, 465. 
Villa Nova College, 283, 285, 287. 
Virgil, 489. 

aptly quoted, 487. 

practically illustrated on a delin- 
(pient, 18S. 
Virginia University, 558. 
Visits of Friends, The, 378. 

"X X /adswoktii School, French taught, 
^^ 40. 

Scriptures read daily, 40. 
Waldie's " Portfolio." 485. 
Wales, Society of Friends, 499. 
Walker, (Dr.), 519. 

Wain, Nicholas, Overseer of School, 49. 
Waltham, 29. 



INDEX. 



731 



Waltliaiu, boarding-school for hoys, 31). 
Walton, James M., 250, 325, 326. 
Walton, Joseph, 108, 109, 117, 475, 479. 

Curator of Loganian Society, 119. 
" War," by Rohert Hall, 485. 
Warder, Benjamin H., Treasurer, 72, 145. 
\Varder, Kohert B., 452. 

Professor of Physics and Chemistry, 
1879, 50G. 
Washington's Birthday, 401. 
" Washington's Position in English His- 
tory," 401. 
Watson's Hill and John Howland, IXI. 
Weare, (N. H.j, 212, 202. 
Weatlier predictions, 541. 
Weldon, Thomas, killed niiid dog, 137. 
W^elsh, (Hon.), John, 418. 
Welsh settlers of Haverford, 455. 
Welsh Tract, 19. 

ceded by Penn, 79. 

Deed of Grant, 80. 
Welsh, William, 505. 
Wentwoith cremated, 491,534. 
Wesleyan University, 523, 509. 
West, Benjamin, his birth[)lace and let- 
ters, 22. 

I^resident of Koyal Academy, 54. 
West Chester, excur.-ion to, 571. 
West Chester Kailroad, 1 12. 
Westchester State IS'ormal School, 530. 
West Haverford Post-office, 300. 
Western Saving Fund, 505. 
Westtown School, 51, 153, 158, 190, 192, 
375, 400, 450, 529, 551,552. 

and baseijall, 340, 370, 584. 

and Haverford, 1805-00, .375. 

and Joseph G. Harlan, 245. 

and Natural Science, 192. 

early days described, 189. 

oflSce of Governor, 107. 

official visit from, 375-370. 

regulations, 57. 

teacliers at, 193. 
Wetherald, William, appointed Superin- 
tendent, 319, 328. 

i'esign.><, 335. 



Wharton, Kachel, 85. 

Wharton, Robert, 85. 

What? 232. 

Wheeler, cremated, 534. 

Whitall, James, 260, 418, 490. 

Whitall, .John M., his hequest of $10,000, 

455. 
White, Elias A., 600. 
White Hall, 203, 274, 283, 312. 

and the "care-taker," 113. 

(Castner's), view, 137. 

hotel, 285. 
White, Josiah, 179. 

engineer, 27. 
White, Miles, 180. 
Whittier-field, 554. 
Whittier, Gertrude K., 210. 
Whittier, John G., 209, 476. 

lines to, 345. 
Whittlers, The, boxing club, 281, 284. 
Wigt(jn school, established 1815, 43. 
Wilkesbarre, State Convention at, 18«0, 

448. 
Williams, George, 09. 
Williams, R., 337, 348. 
Williamson, George, 179. 
Williamson, I. V., his gilt of ?! 0,000, 

413. 
Willing's farm as a site, 74. 
Willow Grove, John Gununere's birlh- 

place, 152. 
Wills, Joseph H., 362, 303. 
Wilmington College, (Ohioj, 564, 509, 

041. 
Wilmington, (Del.), Samuel Alsop's 

school, 195. 
Wilson, M. T.,583. 
Winslow, I. N., 593. 
Winslow, R., ae a bowler, 348, 301, 412. 
Winston, John C, 0. 
Wissahickon, 5l»2, 503. 
Wistar, his bowling, 320, 322. 
Wistar, Bartholomew, 09, 72. 

and JiOganian Society, 1 20. 
Wistar, Bartholomew Wyatt, 108, 117, 
484. 



732 



INDEX. 



Wistar, (Brigadier-General), Isaac J., 

325. 
Wistar, (Dr.), Thomas, 301, 580. 

degree of A.M., 300. 
Wistar, VVyatt, 484. 
Wistars, Tlie, 482. 
Witmer, John S., 604, 605. 
Woman's Medical College, 409. 
Wood, (Dr.) and " U. S. Dispensatory," 

166. 
Wood, Charles, 348, 480, 580. 
Wood, Edward K., 480. 
Wood, Francis A., his address, 299. 
Wood, George, 604. 
Wood, Henry, resigns, 357. 
Wood, James, 6, 4S9, 564, 580. 

his "American History," 465. 

presented portrait of Thomas Chase, 
512. 
Wood, Randolph, 322. 
Wood, Richard, 6, 212, 265, 266, 267, 623. 

his address, 262, 263, 265. 

Vice-President, Loganian Society, 
215. 
Wood, Richard D., 179. 
Wood, Steve, 482. 
Wood, " Uncle "Jim, 482. 
Wood, Walter, 375, 567, 622. 
Woodcock, professional cricketer, 574. 
Woodside Cottage for students, 298, 384, 

558, 573-574. 
Woolman, John, author, 54. 
Woolsey, on Thomas Chase, 249. 
Woolsey, (Dr.), Theodore D., on William 

' A. Reynolds, 248. 

Wootton, 638. 

residence of G. W. Childs : view, 639. 
Worcester, (Mass.), 517,525. 
Worcester District School, 526. 



Worcester Latin School, 525. 
Worthington, (Dr.), J. H., 623. 
Wrexham, (England), 499. 
Wynnewood, 638. 

Vale College, 59, 248, 397. 
^ Yardley, 292. 
Yarnall, 482, 552. 

and Cooper awarded contract for 
Barclay Hall, 1876, 404. 
Yarnall, Charles, 69, 72, 159, 162, 164, 
167, 185, 262, 303, 334, 623. 

and schools, 50. 

article on Sir Robert Peel, 222. 

death, 1877, 438, 439. 

Essay on Dr. Thomas Arnold, 222. 

his terseness, 439. 

on Joseph G. Harlan, 270. 

portrait, 438. 

resigns, 340. 

Secretary of Board of Managers, 250. 
Yarnall, Edward, 159, 167, 179. 
Yarnall, Ellis, 459, 488. 

his cottage, 28. 

his cottage: view, 295. 
Yarnall, William, 108. 
Yearly Meeting Boarding School, 46. 
Yearly Meeting week vacation, 355. 
Yearly Meetings, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 53, 

57. 
York School established, 43. 
Young, (Dr.), Thomas, 54. 
"Young Men, The Political Duties of," 

562. 
Young Men's Christian Association, 515,. 
532. 

organized 1879, 447. 

weekly meetings, 651-652. 



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